2020版高考英语复习unit15learning知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit15learning知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit15Learning课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P303(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·湖南部分重点中学考前演练)WELCOMETOTHERONALDREAGANPRESIDENTIALLIBRARYANDMUSEUMVisitthelimited－time“Interactive!TheExhibition”attheRonaldReaganPresidentialLibraryandMuseumandsavemorethan30%onmuseumadmissionticketswithanaudiotour.WHENThroughFeb.28WHAT’SINCLUDED$19(reg.$28)．..AdmissionforonepersontotheRonaldReaganPresidentialLibraryandMuseum,including“Interactive!TheExhibition”withanaudiotour.Pleasenote:thevirtualreality(虚拟现实)experiencewillbeanadditionalcostandparticipantsmustbe10yearsoldorabove.WHYWELOVEIT•Theexhibitionisahands－onexperiencefocusingonmovies,TV,musicandthearts•Experiencevirtualreality,1980svideogames,robots,3Dprinting•ClimbaboardAirForceOne,viewtheexpensivecomfortablepresidentialcarandaMarineOnehelicopter•ExploreReagan’slegacy(遗产)：StepintoanOvalOfficecopyandseeapieceoftheBerlinWall•Theaudiotourhasmorethan50stopsandoriginalmaterialnotcopiedintheexhibitsWHATYOUNEEDTOKNOWThisisaseason－specificevent.Allsalesarefinal.Norefunds(退款)orexchanges.Notvalidaftertheexpirationdate.ValidanyregularmuseumoperatingdaythroughFeb.28.Museumhoursare10a．m.－5p．m.,sevendaysaweek.Validnforoneperson.Cannotcombinewithotheroffers.Mustuseinonevisit.Ticketsincludeadmissionto“Interactive!TheExhibition”andtheentiremuseum’sgalleriesandgrounds.【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。1．Whatcanvisitorsdowhilevisitingthelibraryandmuseum?A．FlyonAirForceOne.B．Experiencevirtualrealityforfree.C．Approachtechnologyofdifferenttimes.D．Learnaboutthepresident’sdailyroutine.C　解析：细节理解题。根据WHYWELOVEIT部分中的“Experiencevirtualreality,1980svideogames,robots,3Dprinting”可知，在参观该地时，游客可以体验虚拟现实、20世纪80年代的电子游戏、机器人、3D打印，即他们可以体验不同时期的科技。故选C。2．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheadmissionticket?A．Itcanbeenjoyedwithotheroffers.B．Itallowslimitlessvisitstothemuseum.C．Itisn’taccessibletochildren.D．Itcannotbechangedoncesold.D　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Allsalesarefinal.Norefunds(退款)orexchanges.”可知，所有的门票出售都是最终的、不可改变的，不提供退款或更换服务。故选D。3．Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?A．Anotice.B．Anofficialreport.C．Anadvertisement.D．Atourreview.C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章的形式和内容可以判断出，本文是有关罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的广告。故选C。Bn(2019·武汉武昌区调研)Everynowandthen,aproductcomesalongthatprovesitselfacompletegamechanger,asisthecasewithanewBritishbrandandinvention,Eyejusters—thereadingglassesthatyoucanfocusyourself—forlessthan￡70!With6in10peoplewearingglassesintheUK,thosewithperfectvisionareincreasinglyintheminority.Andofthosewhodorequireglasses,manyfindthemselvesrequiringtwoorthreepairsofglassesinordertocompletedifferenttasksthroughouttheday.Aswellasbeinganaddedexpenseon__top__ofeverythingelse,thisalsomeanscarryingaround(andtryingnottolose)thoseextrapairs!Eyejustersallowyoutoinstantlychangethelens(镜片)strengthofyourglasseswithhiddendials,tuckedjustinsidetheframesthemselves.EyejustersworkbythewearersimplyturningtheconcealedeyeDialstochangethefocustofityourneeds.Thelensesadjustfrom＋0.00to＋3.00D．Theyalsohaveantiscratchtechnologyandarelightweightindesignsoyouaren’tpayingthepriceofcomfortforconvenience.ThecreatorofEyejusters,OwenReading—whocameupwiththeideaforEyejusterswithfriendDavidCrosby,whostudiedphysicsatOxfordwithhim,explained,“Lotsofpeopleneedreadingglassesbuttheyneedglasseswithlotsofdifferentstrength.Theymighthaveapairwith＋1prescriptionstrengthlensesforthecomputer，＋2sforreadingand＋3sforreallycloseupstuff.Eyejustersreplacetheneedformultiplepairsofreadingglasses,bycoveringthewholerangefromzeroto＋3,whichisthestrongestyouwillfindinoverthecounterproducts.”Headded,“Ifyouwearreadingglasses,theseareamuchmoreflexiblealternative.Youcanputthemonandjustturnthedialuntilwhatyouwanttoseecomesintofocus.Theyaremuchlikeusingbinoculars(双筒望远镜)．”【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种视力调节器，人们可以调整镜片焦距以达到不同的目的。n4．Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedpart“ontopof”inPara.2?A．Joanstaysontopofthenewsbyreadingnewspapers.B．Asubmarinecanrununderwateraswellasontopofwater.C．WhenIturnedthecorner,Iwasrightontopofthepostoffice.D．Hepromisedtohelpusandontopofthathelentusmanybooks.D　解析：词义猜测题。画线部分上文讲的是，很多人需要两三副眼镜来完成不同的任务，而画线部分所在句子“Aswellasbeinganaddedexpenseon__top__ofeverythingelse,thisalsomeanscarryingaround(andtryingnottolose)thoseextrapairs！”是说这不但是一笔额外的费用，还意味着到哪里都要带着额外的眼镜(还得注意别把它们弄丢了)。由此可以推断，ontopof的意思是“除……之外”，所以D项表达的含义与画线部分最接近。5．EyejustersarepopularforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTtheir________．A．newbrandB．antiscratchtechnologyC．lightweightD．lowpriceA　解析：细节理解题。此题可用排除法。题干中的关键词是popular与EXCEPT，这就需要找到文中提到的视力调节器的几个优点，并逐一排除。根据第一段最后的“forlessthan￡70”可知，它的价格低，排除D项；根据第三段最后一句中的“Theyalsohaveantiscratchtechnologyandarelightweightindesignsoyouaren’tpayingthepriceofcomfortforconvenience.”可知，它有抗抓痕技术，还很轻便，排除B项和C项。故选A项。6．HowcanyoumakeEyejustersservedifferentpurposes?A．Byfoldingglasses.B．Byadjustinglenses.C．Bycombiningglasses.D．Bychanginglenses.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Eyejustersallowyoutoinstantlychangethelens(镜片)strengthofyourglasseswithhiddendials,tuckedjustinsidetheframesthemselves.”可知，人们通过调整镜片的焦距来达到不同的目的，所以选B。7．WhoneedEyejustersmostaccordingtoOwenReading?A．Peoplehavingperfectvision.B．Peoplewearingreadingglasses.C．Peoplechangingglassesconstantly.D．Peoplepreferringcomfortableglasses.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，为了完成一天之内不同的任务，n很多人需要两三副眼镜。Eyejusters这种新型的眼镜正好可以弥补这个缺陷，可以通过调整镜片焦距来达到不同的目的，所以选C。C(2019·长春质监)Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater？Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast.“Thisisananimalstudy,butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment,butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive(认知的)developmentduringageing，”saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto,Canada.“Inhumans,itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默病),possiblytothepointofpreventingit.”Wojtowicz’steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups,andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox,theyfrozewithfear.Twoweekslater,theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations：exactlythesameboxinthesameroom,thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently,andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations,suggestingtheycouldn’trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe’reyoung,atleastforrats,hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe’reolder，”saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston,whohasfoundthat,inhumans,exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。8．Thestudyshowsthat________．A．physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealthB．usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats’growthC．physicalactivitycanpreventhumans’Alzheimer’sdiseasenD．themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung，thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolderD　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsatleast.”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选D项。9．HowareParagraph3and4mainlydeveloped?A．Byanalyzingcauses.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Bydescribingtheprocess.D．Byshowingdifferences.C　解析：写作手法题。根据第三段的“Wojtowicz’steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear.”和第四段的“Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Exercise.B．Development.C．Benefit.D．Study.A　解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant”及“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physicalactivity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?A．Negative.B．Objective.C．Critical.D．Doubtful.B　解析：观点态度题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。D(2019·云南质检)Inasciencefictionfuture,we’llarriveatthehotelinourdriverlesstaxi，checkinatthereceptiondeskstaffedbyandroids,andthenfollowntherobotporter(行李员)asitcarriesourbagstoourroom.However,thisisalreadyasciencefact.Robotsarealreadyworkinginsomehotels—theHennnaHotelinSasebo，Japanismannedentirelybymachines.InaMarriotthotelinGhent,Belgium,ahumanoidrobotnamedMariohasbeenworkingsinceJune2015.Hewelcomesguestsin19languages.Anotherrobothasjusttakenupaconcierge(接待员)positionataHiltonMcLeanhotelinVirginia.Sotheriseofthehotelmachinesseemsunstoppable,butwillguestsreallywanttostayinrobotrunhotels?Andwillitcomeatthecostofhumaninteractionandhumanjobs?U．S.onlinebookingcompanyTravelzoogatheredsomestatistics.Ofthe6，000travelerssurveyedglobally,nearlytwothirdssaidthey’dbecomfortablewiththeideaofbeinglookedafterbymachines.RichardSinger,Travelzoo’sEuropeanpresident,sayshewelcomesthedaywhenappsandmachineswillgetusfromlobbies(大堂)torooms.Buthowtostoparobotstealingyourjob?“Alotofjobsconsiderednonautomatableinthepastarenowautomatable，”saidCarlBenediktFreyfromUniversityofOxford,anexpertontechnologyandemployment.ButFreysaysit’sstilltooearlytosaywhateffectrobotswillhaveonemploymentlevels.Inotherwords,eventhoughrobotsmaysoonbecheckingusin,that’snoexcuseforustobeout.【解题导语】　在宾馆服务的机器人以往只出现在科幻小说中，而如今这种机器人已经存在于现实生活中。这种机器人的服务被大部分顾客所接受。12．Threehotelsarementionedinthetexttoshowthat________．A．robotsarealreadyworkinginhotelsinrealityB．manycommonjobscanbedonebyrobotsC．robotscanreallyhelppeoplecheckintohotelsD．therearenowsomerestaurantsrunbyrobotsA　解析：写作意图题。根据第三段的“Robotsarealreadyworkinginsomehotels”并结合文中介绍的三个由机器人提供服务的宾馆可以判断，文中提及这三个宾馆是为了说明在现实中，机器人已经在宾馆工作了，故A项正确。n13．ThecompanyTravelzoofoundoutthat________．A．robotswillputhotelemployeesoutofworkB．robotsstillhavealongwaytogotoreplacehumansC．thehotelrobotsaremostlywellreceivedD．somehoteljobscanbeautomatableC　解析：推理判断题。根据第七段的“nearlytwothirdssaidthey’dbecomfortablewiththeideaofbeinglookedafterbymachines”可知，有近三分之二的客户认为由机器人照顾他们是自在的；据此可知，Travelzoo公司的调查结果是宾馆机器人得到了大部分顾客的好评，故C项正确。14．WhatisRichardSinger’sattitudetowardsusingrobotsinhotels?A．Doubtful.B．Positive.C．Negative.D．Cautious.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第八段“RichardSinger...sayshewelcomesthedaywhenappsandmachineswillgetusfromlobbies(大堂)torooms.”可知，RichardSinger欢迎机器人取代人的工作；据此可以判断，RichardSinger对宾馆机器人持积极的态度，故B项正确。15．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A．JapanOpensWorld’sFirstRobotHotelB．OurNextHotelWillBeStaffedbyRobotsC．HowtoCompetewithRobotsforaJobD．HowGuestsReacttoRobotServiceB　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文首段通过介绍科幻小说中提及的在宾馆服务的机器人来引出本文的话题；接着介绍在现实生活中已经有三个宾馆使用了机器人；最后介绍对宾馆机器人服务的评价及其优点；据此可以判断，B项最适合作本文标题。七选五(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)ChoicesContributetoSuccessThedirectionofourlivesisdeterminedbythechoiceswemakeeveryday.Thefollowingchoiceswillcontributetopersonalsuccessalongwiththeabilitytoachievefinancialfreedom.ChoosetobepositiveApositivementalattitudewillputyoumilesaheadofyourpeers.1.________.Itismorevaluablethanskills.Chooseapositiveattitudeandthingswillstarttoworkforyou.n2．________Ifyoudon’tknowwhatyourbadhabitsare,yourfriendsandfamilycanalwaystellyou.Takethebigonesfirst,thenmakeeveryefforttobreakthemandalwaysreplacethemwithnewpositiveones.ChoosetoworksmarterManypeoplethinktheirlivesareoutofbalanceandthattheydon’thaveenoughtimetodoeverythingtheywantto.3.________.Therefore,learningsomegoodtimemanagementtechniques,suchassettingupascheduleandstickingtoit,willmakeyourlifeflowbetter.ChoosetogiveyourworkasenseofpurposeHelpingandencouragingotherpeoplewillnotonlymakeyourlifebemoremeaningful,butitwillalsomakeyouearnmoremoney.Ifyouputyoureffortsintohelpingothers,thenthefinancialpartoflifetakescareofitself.4.________.　Choosetosowmorethanyouharvest5．________，butourliveswillbebetteraswebecomegiversandservetheworldasgivers.Youwanttolearntobecomeunselfishwithyourselfandlearntogiveyourtime,yourmoney,and,ofcourse,yourlove.A．ChoosetobreakabadhabitB．ChoosetotreatfriendsrightC．TherearemanytakersinthisworldD．YourattitudedeterminesyouraltitudeE．NotallthepeopleintheworldareselfishbynatureF．SpendyourtimehelpingothersgrowandyourfinanceswillgrowwithitG．Aboveall,youneedtobeawareofthetimethatyoumightbewastingbydoingfruitlessactivities【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一些有助于获得成功的选择。1．D　解析：根据本段的小标题可知，本段的主题是“选择积极乐观”。再根据空前一句“积极乐观的心态会让你超越你的同伴”可知，D项“你的态度决定你的高度”与上下文语意衔接且承接下文，故选D。2．A　解析：结合本文的结构与本空所在的位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。根据其他段落的小标题为祈使句“Chooseto...”的句式结构可知，本题的答案也应该是同样的句式，故应从选项A和B中进行选择，而本段内容与努力改掉坏习惯有关，故选A。3．G　解析：本段主要讲选择更聪明的工作。空处前一句说很多人认为他们的生活失去了平衡，并且他们没有足够的时间去做他们想做的事情。G项“最重要的是，n你需要知道你可能做了些无意义的活动从而浪费了自己的时间”与空后一句衔接紧密，故选G。4．F　解析：上文提到“帮助并且鼓励别人不仅使你的生活更加有意义，而且也会使你赚更多的钱”。F项“花时间帮助别人成长，那么你的收入也会随之增加”与之呼应。故F项符合语境。5．C　解析：根据本段的小标题可知，本段主要讲要选择播种而不是收获。C项中的takers与空后的givers形成鲜明的对比，且衔接紧密，故选C。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P306(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·桂林、百色、崇左联考)My8hoursleepyflightfinallycametoanendafterIsteppedoutoftheairport.__1__onthebus,Iwaswaitinganxiouslyforittostart.Awomanbesidemeandherdaughterbothseemed__2__.Shetoldmethatherdaughterhadanupsetstomachandwould__3__continuously;__4__，themotherhadlostherpurse.Apartfromasignificant__5__ofmoney,thepursealsohadherphoneandaphonenumberofanimportant__6__.Shewouldmeethimfordiscussinga(n)__7__matterwhichhadtobe__8__bytomorrowmorning.Ihandedhermycellphonewithout__9__andtoldherthatshecouldmakeany__10__shewanted.IalsoproducedabottleofwaterIhadinmybagtorelieveherdaughterofher__11__.Aftermakingseveralcalls,theyfinally__12__totheofficial!Theyturnedtolookatme__13__andthankedmemanytimes.Thewomantriedto__14__formyassistance,butIrefused__15__Iknewshehadlosthermoney.Thenextmorning,Ireceivedacallfromthemother,sayingthattheycouldn’t__16__howmuchmygenerousacttouchedthem.Theywereso__17__thattheyhadtakendownmynumbertothankme.Iwasastonishedtobethankedinthisway.Ineverthoughtmysimpleoffer__18__somuchintheirheart.AndIthoughtofhowmanyopportunitiesforkindnesswehadlostbybeingabsorbedincellphonesandbeingdisconnected__19__therealityaroundus—somethingwitheasy__20__maymakeabigdifferencetoothers.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐公共汽车时，我看到邻座的女士和她的女儿看起来很不舒服，原来她的女儿胃不舒服且呕吐，她也丢失了钱包，不仅失去了一大笔钱，还丢失了她的手机和重要电话号码。我将包里的水给了她的女儿，并将手机借给她使用，她终于打通了要找的人的电话。这位女士和她的女儿十分感谢我，我由此得出感悟：一个简单的善举常常能解决他人的燃眉之急。n1．A.GettingB．GotC．SeatedD．SeatingC　解析：根据该句中的“onthebus,Iwaswaitinganxiouslyforittostart”可知，坐在公共汽车的座位上，我着急地等着发车，beseatedon为固定搭配，意为“坐在……座位上”。2．A.relaxedB．excitedC．unconsciousD．uncomfortableD　解析：根据空后一句“Shetoldmethatherdaughterhadanupsetstomach...themotherhadlostherpurse.”可知，邻座的女士告诉我，她的女儿胃不舒服，并且她丢失了钱包；结合该句中的“Awomanbesidemeandherdaughterbothseemed”可以判断，邻座的这位女士和她的女儿看起来都不舒服，D项意为“不舒服的”，故D项正确。A项意为“放松的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“不省人事的，失去知觉的”，都与语境不符。3．A.throwupB．putupC．takeupD．pickupA　解析：根据该句中的“Shetoldmethatherdaughterhadanupsetstomach”可知，邻座的女士告诉我，她的女儿胃不舒服，结合该句中的“continuously”和常识可以判断，她会不断地呕吐，A项意为“呕吐”，故A项正确。B项意为“搭建，建造”；C项意为“开始从事，占据”；D项意为“捡起，(偶然)学会”。4．A.howeverB．besidesC．thereforeD．otherwiseB　解析：根据空前内容可知，她的女儿胃不舒服并会不断呕吐；结合该句中的“themotherhadlostherpurse”可知，这位女士还丢失了钱包；据此可知，空处前后为递进关系，B项意为“此外，而且”，表示递进，故B项正确。A项意为“然而”；C项意为“因此”；D项意为“否则”。5．A.numberB．varietyC．massD．amountD　解析：根据该句中的“Apartfromasignificant______ofmoney,thepursealsohadherphoneandaphonenumberofanimportant______．”可知，除了一大笔钱，钱包里还有她的手机和一个重要的电话号码。asignificantamountof“相当数量的……”符合语境，故D项正确。6．A.accountantB．officialC．lawyerD．doctorB　解析：根据下一句中的“Shewouldmeethimfordiscussinga(n)______matter”，结合下文第三段第三句中的“official”可知，她要和他见面讨论重要的事情，n据此可以判断，除了一大笔钱之外，钱包里还有她的手机和一个重要官员的电话号码。B项意为“官员”，故B项正确。A项意为“会计”；C项意为“律师”；D项意为“医生”。7．A.simpleB．politicalC．urgentD．financialC　解析：根据该句“Shewouldmeethimfordiscussinga(n)______matter...bytomorrowmorning.”可知，所讨论的事情要在明天早晨之前解决，故此事是很紧急的；C项意为“紧急的”，故C项正确。A项意为“简单的”；B项意为“政治的”；D项意为“财政的”，都与语境不符。8．A.settledB．ignoredC．raisedD．droppedA　解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“解决”，故A项正确。B项意为“忽视”；C项意为“提起”；D项意为“掉下，落下”，都与语境不符。9．A.doubtB．permissionC．questionD．hesitationD　解析：根据该句中的“Ihandedhermycellphonewithout________”和下文内容可知，我毫不犹豫地将手机借给了她；withouthesitation为固定搭配，意为“毫不犹豫地”，故D项正确。A项意为“怀疑”；B项意为“许可”；C项意为“疑问”，都与语境不符。10．A.callB．decisionC．choiceD．promiseA　解析：根据该句“Ihandedhermycellphonewithout______andtoldherthatshecouldmakeany______shewanted.”可知，我毫不犹豫地将手机借给了她，告诉她可以拨打任何她想要拨打的电话；A项意为“电话”，故A项正确。B项意为“决定”；C项意为“选择”；D项意为“承诺”。11．A.feverB．stressC．sicknessD．appetiteC　解析：根据第二段第二句可知，邻座女士的女儿胃不舒服，会不断呕吐；结合该句“IalsoproducedabottleofwaterIhadinmybagtorelieveherdaughterofher______．”可知，我从包里取出一瓶水递给她的女儿以缓解她的呕吐情况；C项意为“恶心，呕吐”，故C项正确。A项意为“发烧”；B项意为“压力”；D项意为“食欲”，都与语境不符。12．A.cameoverB．wentthroughC．gotthroughD．turnedaroundC　解析：根据该句“Aftermakingseveralcalls,theyfinally______totheofficial！”可知，在打了几次电话后，她们终于打通了这位官员的电话。C项意为“接通，n打通”，故C项正确。A项意为“拜访”；B项意为“通过”；D项意为“转身，好转”，都与语境不符。13．A.doubtfullyB．closelyC．curiouslyD．gratefullyD　解析：根据上文可知，我将我包里的水送给邻座女士的女儿，并将手机借给她们，她们打通了那位官员的电话；结合该句“Theyturnedtolookatme______andthankedmemanytimes.”可以判断，她们转过身来感激地看着我，不断地感谢我。D项意为“感激地”，符合语境，故D项正确。A项意为“怀疑地”；B项意为“亲近地”；C项意为“好奇地”，都与语境不符。14．A.thankB．payC．awardD．praiseB　解析：根据该句“Thewomantriedto______formyassistance...Iknewshehadlosthermoney.”可知，这位女士要付钱给我以表达感谢，但是因为我知道她丢了钱，我拒绝了。B项意为“付款”，故B项正确。A项意为“感谢”；C项意为“奖励”；D项意为“赞扬”。15．A.sinceB．ifC．whileD．althoughA　解析：参见上题解析。A项意为“因为”，故A项正确。16．A.expressB．talkC．describeD．composeA　解析：根据该句“Thenextmorning,Ireceivedacallfromthemother,sayingthattheycouldn’t______howmuchmygenerousacttouchedthem.”可知，第二天早上，我接到了这位女士的电话，说她们无法用言语表达她们有多感动。A项意为“表达”，故A项正确。B项意为“交谈”；C项意为“描述”；D项意为“组成，作曲，写”。17．A.reasonableB．considerateC．flexibleD．considerableB　解析：根据该句“Theywereso______thattheyhadtakendownmynumbertothankme.”可知，她们是如此细心，还将我的电话号码记下来以感谢我。B项意为“体贴的，考虑周到的”，故B项正确。A项意为“有理由的”；C项意为“易弯曲的，柔韧的，灵活的”；D项意为“相当大的”，都与语境不符。18．A.increasedB．balancedC．weighedD．rankedC　解析：根据该句“Ineverthoughtmysimpleoffer______somuchintheirheart.”可知，n我从来没有想到我的一次简单的帮助在她们的心中如此有分量；C项意为“有影响，有分量”，故C项正确。A项意为“增加”；B项意为“平衡”；D项意为“具有……等级(地位)”，都与语境不符。19．A.inB．beyondC．ofD．fromD　解析：根据该句中的“AndIthoughtofhowmanyopportunitiesforkindnesswehadlostbybeingabsorbedincellphonesandbeingdisconnected______therealityaroundus”并结合常识可知，沉浸在手机的世界中、与周围的现实脱节，使我们失去了很多表达善意的机会；bedisconnectedfrom...为固定搭配，意为“与……脱离”，故D项正确。20．A.reachB．accessC．rangeD．purposeB　解析：根据上文可知，沉浸在手机的世界中、与周围的现实脱节，使我们失去了很多表达善意的机会；结合该句中的“witheasy______maymakeabigdifferencetoothers”和上文我将手机借给邻座的女士使用的故事可知，一个简单容易的方法就能极大地帮助别人，对别人产生重大影响。B项意为“(使用或见到的)机会，权利”，故B项正确。A项意为“距离，限度”；C项意为“能力范围”；D项意为“目的，意志”，都与语境不符。语法填空(2019·银川检测)WorldReadAloudDayiscelebratedeachyearonthefirstWednesdayofMarch.It1.____________(start)bytheLitWorld.orgin2010andhasnowreached65countries.Theaimistoencouragepeopleworldwidewhocannotreadtoenjoythebenefitsofabook.Itswebsiteaskseveryone2.____________(celebrate)thedaybytakingabook,findinganaudience,andreadingoutaloud.Itisabouttakingactiontoshowtheworldthattherighttoreadandwrite3.____________(belong)toallpeople.Thewebsiteasks4.____________(visit)tojoininthemovementtoreduce5.____________numberofilliterate(不识字的)peopleintheworld.Itis6.____________(absolute)necessarytohelpthosewhocannotread.Thewebsitesays,“It’stimetostartbyreadingaloudto7.____________mightlikeit.Shareabookwithachildwhomightneedit,shareastorywithsomeonewhowouldtreasureit,listenpatiently8.____________someoneelse’sstoryastheysharewithyou.”TheUnitedNationssays，“Literacyinvolvesavarietyoflearninginenablingindividualstoachievetheirgoals,todeveloptheirknowledge,9.____________toparticipatefullyinsociety.”Inthatway,WorldReadAloudDaydoeshelpmakea10.____________(different)．n【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了WorldReadAloudDay(世界朗读日)。1．wasstarted　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。WorldReadAloudDay在2010年由LitWorld.org发起。根据语境可知，此处需要用start的被动形式，又因时间状语是“in2010”，故用一般过去时。2．tocelebrate　解析：考查动词不定式。asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”，网站要求每个人通过拿本书、找到一位听众、大声阅读的方式来庆祝这个节日。3．belongs　解析：考查主谓一致。这正是采取行动向世界表明阅读和写作的权利属于所有的人。根据句子成分可知，从句的主语为theright，故填belongs。4．visitors　解析：考查名词复数。根据语境可知，网站让游客来参加活动，游客不止一个，且空前没有冠词修饰，故填visitors。5．the　解析：考查冠词。thenumberof...是固定搭配，表示“……的数量”。6．absolutely　解析：考查副词。帮助那些不能阅读的人是完全有必要的。7．whoever　解析：考查宾语从句。是开始为任何可能喜欢的人大声朗读的时候了。whoever引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语。8．to　解析：考查介词。当他们与你分享时，你要耐心地倾听某人的故事。listento是固定搭配。9．and　解析：考查连词。根据语境和句子成分可知，前后表示并列关系。10．difference　解析：考查名词。makeadifference“有作用”，根据空前的冠词可知，此处应用所给词的名词形式。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P307(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·吉林部分学校高三模拟)Theimportantthinginlifeistohaveagreatgoalandthedeterminationtoattainit.Livingwithoutagoalislike61.____________(sail)withoutacompass.Lackofpurposesisthecauseofmostof62.____________(failure).Whenagreataimhasbeendecidedon,determinationandpersistencearemostimportant.Whatseparatesthesuccessfulfromtheunsuccessfulispersistence.Thepersistenceis63.____________(necessity).Ifyouarepersistent,youwillsucceed.WhenLudwigvanBeethoven64.____________(reach)hispeak,hewastotallydeaf.Ifyoustudyhisbiography,andbecomefamiliar65.____________histrials,hishardships,andbattles,youcanlearn66.____________todefeatfate.Manynorganizationalanalystsandcareerconsultantsconsiderpersistence67.____________(be)theultimate(首要的)keytosuccessatboth68.____________organizationalandpersonallevel.Successfulpeoplealsofail69.____________(occasional),buttheydonotletitdefeattheirspirit.Learningfromdefeats,theyrevisestrategyasit70.____________(need)andtryagain,andagain,andagain,untiltheysucceed.【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，讲述了一个人要成功应具备的素质——坚定的目标，实现目标的决心以及坚持不懈。61．sailing　解析：考查非谓语动词。没有目标的生活就像是没有指南针的航行。like在此是介词，故应用动词的－ing形式作宾语。62．failures　解析：考查名词单复数。缺少目标是大部分人失败的原因。failure在此指“失败的事”，是可数名词，且空前没有冠词或限定词，故使用复数形式。63．necessary　解析：考查词性转换。这种坚持是必要的。空处在此作表语，故用形容词。necessary意为“必要的”。64．reached　解析：考查时态。当路德维希·凡·贝多芬到达他人生的顶峰时，他完全听不见。主从句动作同时发生，根据主句中的“was”可知，从句应用一般过去时。65．with　解析：考查介词。此处指“如果你研究过他的自传，熟悉他经历过的磨难、困苦和战斗，你就会学会怎样战胜命运”。be/get/becomefamiliarwithsth.是固定用法，意为“熟悉某事”。66．how　解析：考查疑问词。此处指“你就会学会怎样战胜命运”，故用how“怎样”。67．tobe　解析：考查非谓语动词。considersth.tobesth.是固定用法，意为“认为……是……”。68．the　解析：考查冠词。此处指“组织水平和个人水平”，表示特指，故用定冠词the。69．occasionally　解析：考查副词。成功的人偶尔也会失败。此处应用副词修饰动词。occasionally意为“偶尔，间或”。70．isneeded　解析：考查时态和语态。it与need之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。这里叙述的是现在的一般情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。n删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·郑州一中上学期高三测试)TheincidenthadhappenedonmywaytoabookstoreontherainySundayafternoon.Iwaswaitingforthegreenlightwhenagirlabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar，thatdroveoffquickly.Amanimmediatelyrushedtothegirltogivehimfirstaid.Ijoinedinwithoutanyhesitate.Ayoungwomancalled110andthepolicessoonarrivedatthescene.Fortunateshewasnotbadlyinjuredandwesenthertothenearesthospital.Comparingwiththeescapeddriver，IamproudofthatIdid.答案：Theincident　　happenedonmywaytoabookstoreonrainySundayafternoon.Iwaswaitingforthegreenlightwhenagirlabouttenwasknockeddownbyapassingcar，droveoffquickly.Amanimmediatelyrushedtothegirltogivefirstaid.Ijoinedinwithoutany.Ayoungwomancalled110andthesoonarrivedatthescene.shewasnotbadlyinjuredandwesenthertothenearesthospital.withtheescapeddriver，IamproudofIdid.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·湖北八校高三联考)假定你是李华，你校刚刚举行了教学开放周活动，你的英国网友Tom对此很好奇，写邮件向你了解基本情况。请你给他回一封邮件，要点如下：1．活动时间：4月17日至21日；2．活动目的：让家长了解学生的在校生活，促进学校与家长之间的沟通；3．活动内容：开放课堂，举行主题班会，邀请家长讲话；4．自己的体会。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已经给出，但不计入总词数。nDearTom，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourstruly，LiHuaOnepossibleversion：Dear__Tom,__I’mhappythatyou’recuriousabouttheEducationWeekheldinourschoolrecentlyandgladtogiveyouabriefdescriptionofit.Inordertoshowparentsthecolorfulschoollifeoftheirchildrenandpromotetheschool’scommunicationwithparents，anEducationWeekwasheldonApril17through21.Duringtheweekallclasseswereopentoparents.Italsoincludedthemeclassmeetingswherestudentswereproudtoshowofftheirtalents.Besides，parentswerewelcomedtogiveadviceonhowtomakeourschoolbetterandsharetheirexperienceinbringingupchildren.TheEducationWeekwasagreatsuccessandweaswellasourparentshavebenefitedalotfromit.Yours__truly,__Li__Hua