2020版高考英语复习unit14careers知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit14careers知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit14Careers课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P298(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·长春质检)Whenthetelephoneringslateatnight,mostwomenguessitmustbeoneofonlyfourorfivepeoplecalling.Asister?Maybe.Anemergency?Possibly.Amother?Probablynotatthattimeofnight.Muchmoreprobablyitisaclosefemalefriendcallingtotellyouthatsheisheartbrokenbecauseshehassplit__upwithherboyfriendagainorperhapssimplythatagoodmoviehasjuststartedonTV.Atatimewhenfamiliesarespreadfarandwideandmarriagesoftenendindivorce,friendshipsarebecomingmoreandmoreimportant.Erika,a32yearoldlawyer,isstrengthenedbyhertenyearfriendshipwithhermarriedfriendJane.“Iwasverysickonenight,soIcalledJaneatabout3：00a．m.totalkaboutit，”shesays.“Shewasverysupportiveandevencameovertotakemetothedoctor’s.”AsAmericanTVshowslikeFriendshavebecomemorepopular,manyofusarebeginningtoseethevalueofsuchfriendships.TVshowslikethistellusthatourromanticrelationshipsmaynotlast,butweneedtokeepintouchwithourclosefriendsifwewanttosurvive.WithErika’sfamily200milesaway,itisJanewhokeepsasparesetofkeystoErika’sapartmentandwatersherplantswheneversheisaway.“HavingJanearoundgivesmeacertainamountoffreedom.Itisnotthekindofthingthatyoucouldaskanyonetodo,butsheknowsIwoulddothesameforher.”Jane,whomaymovetoadifferentcitysoon,isworriedaboutleavingsuchasupportsystemoffriends.“Myfriendshavemoretodowithmylifethanmyparentsand,therefore,Indon’thavetospendalotoftimeexplainingthingstothem.Friendsaremoreuptodatewithwhatishappening.”【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，以Erika与Jane的友谊和美剧Friends为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点。1．Alatenightphonecallformostwomenisprobablyfrom________．A．arelativeB．afriendC．adoctorD．astrangerB　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，深夜给女性打电话的可能是一个朋友，故B项正确。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“splitup”inParagraph1mean?A．Shownup.B．Pickedup.C．Brokenup.D．Takenup.C　解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Muchmoreprobablyitisaclosefemalefriendcallingtotellyouthatsheisheartbrokenbecauseshehassplit__upwithherboyfriendagain”可知，更有可能的是，一位亲密的女性朋友打电话告诉你，她很伤心，因为她又和男友分手了，spiltup与breakup意思相近，表示“分手”，故C项正确。3．Accordingtothepassage，wecanlearnthatErika________．A．isJane’smalefriendB．treasuresJane’sfriendshipC．hasbeenmarriedfor10yearsD．livesfarawayformJaneB　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Myfriendshavemoretodowithmylifethanmyparentsand，therefore，Idon’thavetospendalotoftimeexplainingthingstothem.”可知，Erika认为她的朋友比父母更多地参与她的生活，因此，她不需要花很多时间来向她们解释事情；据此可以判断，Erika很珍惜与Jane的友谊，故B项正确。4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．FriendshipCountsB．FriendshipDemandsFreedomC．FriendshipNeedsUnderstandingD．FriendshipStrengthensRomanceA　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文以Erika与Jane的友谊和美剧Friends为例，讲述并论证友情十分重要的观点；故A项最能体现主题，适合作文章的标题。Bn(2019·江西百校联盟高三联考)ThebestfamilyvacationthatIeverhadwasgoingonaroadtriptoMyrtleBeach.Thetripwasfor2weeksduringtheMarchbreakfromschool.Thistripwasprobablyabout20yearsagosoitwasbeforethetimeofthingslikeportablevideogamesandbeingabletowatchmoviesinthebackseat.SotopassthemanyhoursoftravelmybrotherandIhadtoentertainourselvesandeachother.Mymumwouldsetthebackseatupsothatitwasourownlittleplayroom.Shewouldpackeverythingupsothatwehadabiglevelareatoplayin.Wewouldplaycardsandboardgames.Whenitgottothepointwherewe__were__at__each__other’s__throatswewouldbesentbacktoourownsideoftheseatandwouldbeforcedtoeithernaporreadbyourselvesuntilwecouldbefriendlytoeachotheragain.Icanrememberusplayingforquitesometimewhenweturnedthebackseatintoaspaceshipandtraveledaroundtheearth.Anothertimeweturneditintoakitchenandhadabakeoff(食品烘烤赛).ButthethingthatIrememberthemostandthatgaveusmanyhoursofenjoymentwasusingeachother’sfacesassillyPlasticine(普莱斯蒂辛橡皮泥)andmakingfunnyfaces.Wewouldseehowfarwecouldstretcheachother’smouthsopen,seehowthinwecouldmaketheother’seyebypullingonit.Wewouldkeepgoinguntiloneofusbeggedformercybecausewehadtogiveourfacesarest.SowhileIcanrememberushavingagreattimeonthebeach,laughingalottryingtoputthetentupintherain,whatIrememberthemostofthattripandwhatalwaysmakesmesmilethemostisrememberingthepainthatoutfaceswouldbeinafterthetrip.【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了小时候在没有电子游戏、不能在坐车时看电影的旅途中打发时间的方式。5．WhatdidtheauthordowhentravelingtoMyrtleBeach?A．Watchmovies.B．Playvideogames.C．Havefunwithhisbrother.D．Packthingsuptoamusehimself.C　解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“topassthemanyhoursoftravelmybrotherandIhadtoentertainourselvesandeachother”可知答案。6．Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“wewereateachother’sthroats”？A．Wewerefightingwitheachother.nB．Weusedupourskills.C．Wewerequiteoutofbreath.D．Wewereabouttofallasleep.A　解析：句意理解题。下文的“...untilwecouldbefriendlytoeachotheragain”说明画线部分的意思应为“互相打斗，激烈争吵”。7．Whatimpressedtheauthormostduringthetrip?A．Playingcardsandboardgames.B．Pullingeachother’sfacesandeyes.C．Havingacookingcompetition.D．PlayingwithsillyPlasticine.B　解析：推理判断题。由第四段中的“ButthethingthatIrememberthemost...hoursofenjoymentwasusingeachother’sfaces...bypullingonit.”可知，旅途中作者印象最深的是和弟弟彼此拉对方的脸或者眼来做鬼脸。8．Whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbestsuitthepassage?A．AnUnforgettableFamilyTravelB．WhatIstheMostMeaningfulJourneyC．TheGoodOldDaysNevertoBeForgottenD．HowtoKillTimeWhileTravelinginthePastD　解析：标题归纳题。结合文章内容看，本文主要谈论的是在没有便携式游戏机、不能在后座看电影的情况下，作者一家去旅游时，作者在途中消遣的方式，故D项作本文标题最佳。C(2019·衡水中学高三大联考)BobDylan,bornonMay24,1941,isanAmericansongwriter,singer,artistandwriter.Hehasbeeninfluentialinpopularmusicandcultureformorethanfivedecades.Muchofhismostcelebratedworkdatesfromthe1960s,whenhissongsshowedsocialunrest.EarlysongssuchasBlowin’intheWindandTheTimesTheyAreaChangin’promotedtheAmericancivilrightsandantiwarmovements.Dylan’ssongsincludeawiderangeofpolitical,socialandliteraryinfluences.Theychallengedexistingpopmusicconventionsandappealedtothegrowingcounterculture.Hisrecordingcareer,spanningmorethan50years,hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.Hehastouredsteadilysincethelate1980sonwhathasbeencalledthenNeverEndingTour.Hisaccomplishmentsasarecordingartistandperformerhavebeencentraltohiscareer,butsongwritingisconsideredhisgreatestcontribution.Asamusician,Dylanhassoldmorethan100millionrecords,makinghimoneofthebestsellingartistsofalltime.HehasalsoreceivednumerousawardsincludingelevenGrammyAwards,aGoldenGlobeAward,andanAcademyAward.ThePulitzerPrizejuryin2008awardedhimaspecialcitation(引言)forhisinfluenceonpopularmusicandAmericanculture,markedbylyricalcompositionsofextraordinarypoeticpower.InMay2012,DylanreceivedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomfromPresidentBarackObama.In2016,DylanreceivedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature“forhavingcreatednewpoeticexpressionswithinthegreatAmericansongtradition”．【解题导语】　鲍勃·迪伦因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得诺贝尔文学奖。文章介绍了他的作品以及他对流行音乐和美国文化的影响。9．WhichwordbestdescribesDylan’smusicaccordingtoParagraph2?A．Various.B．Talented.C．Personal.D．Popular.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的第一句以及下文中的“...hasexploredthetraditionsinAmericansong,fromfolk,blues,andcountrytorock’n’roll,andtoEnglish,Scottish,andIrishfolkmusic,evenjazzandtheGreatAmericanSongbook.”可知，他的音乐作品涉及政治、社会和文学；他探索了美国歌曲的传统，从民谣、蓝调、乡村音乐、摇滚到英格兰、苏格兰和爱尔兰民间音乐，甚至还有爵士乐和《美国流行金曲簿》。由此可知，他的作品风格多种多样。故选A项。10．WhatisDylanbetterrecognizedas?A．Aperformer.B．Asinger.C．Anartist.D．Asongwriter.D　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的最后一句可知，虽然歌手和演员一直是他的主要职业，但是他最伟大的贡献却是歌曲创作。故选D项。11．WhatmadeDylangettheNobelPrize?A．Hispoemsaboutmusic.B．HisAmericansongtradition.C．Hislanguagestyleofthesongs.D．HisinfluenceonAmericaculture.C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后一句可知，他是因为“在美国歌曲传统形式之上开创了以诗歌传情达意的新表现手法”而获得了诺贝尔文学奖。故选C项。Dn(2019·广州综合测试一)Atfirstsight,AlmaDeutscher,athirteenyearoldgirlfromEnglandappearstobelikeanyothertypicalpreteen.Shelovestoskiprope,readandplaywithheryoungersister.Butthismodestyoungster,whocomposedherfirstmusicalworkatagesix,firstshortoperaatageseven,andfirstfulllengthoperabasedonCinderellaatageten,isanythingbutaverage.Thoughherparentsdownplayherextraordinarytalent,youngAlmaisbeingdescribedas“littleMozart”bythemusicworld.Alma’soperatictakeontheclassicfairytale,whichshebeganwritingatageeight,hasaslighttwist.HerCinderellaisamusicianwhomeetsherPrinceCharmingthroughasong.“InmyCinderella,shesingsthebeginningofaballad—butatmidnightsheflees.Eventually,theprincefindsherafteraskingallthemaidensofthelandtosingtheendoftheballad.”TheoperawasfirstperformedinVienna,AustriaonDecember29,2016,wherethethenelevenyearoldskillfullyswitchedbetweenthepianoandtheviolinandreceivedenthusiasticreviews.Theyounggeniushassinceperformedtwonewpianoworks,onceinAustraliaandtheotherinChina.Whilethismayappeartobealotforsomeonesoyoung，Almaisnotworried.Shesays,“OfcourseIhavetoworkhard.Butallchildrenhavetoworkhardforexams,andatleastwhenIworkhard,Iworkhardforsomethingincrediblyexciting,likeseeingmywholeoperaputonstage.”Alma’smusicaltalentfirstcametolightbeforeshecouldeventalk.Herparentsrecallthatasan18montholdtoddler，shewasabletohumapitchperfectversionofthechildren’srhymeTwinkleTwinkleLittleStar.However,Alma’sabilitiesonlygainedinternationalattentionin2012,afterafamilyfriendpostedavideoonlinecomparinghertoMozart.ThefamilywassuddenlyswampedwithmediarequestedandAlmabecameanovernightstar,dubbed“littleMozart”.Thisnicknamemakesherparentsunhappybecausetheybelieveitputsaddedpressureontheyounggirl.Theywouldinsteadpreferhertobecalled“acomposerandmusician”．Almadoesnotwanttobecomparedtothefamousartisteither,saying“TherewasonlyoneMozart,andIprefertobelittleAlma.”Regardlessofwhatshecallsnherself,thethirteenyearoldischangingtheworldofmusicforever!【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。13岁的Alma很有音乐天赋，18个月时就能哼唱《一闪一闪小星星》，6岁时创作了她的第一部音乐作品，7岁时创作了第一部短歌剧，被人们誉为“小莫扎特”。12．WhatdoweknowaboutAlmaDeutscher?A．Shecomesfromafamousmusicalfamily.B．Sheshowedagreatmusicaltalentfromayoungage.C．SheregularlyperformstheclassicalmusicofMozart.D．Shehasadaptedsomefamousworksofclassicalmusic.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第三句“Butthismodestyoungster，whocomposedherfirstmusicalworkatagesix，firstshortoperaatageseven，andfirstfulllengthoperabasedonCinderellaatageten，isanythingbutaverage.”可知，AlmaDeutscher从小就显示出了惊人的音乐天赋，故B项正确。13．HowdidAlmagettobewidelyknown?A．Throughanonlinevideo.B．Byperformingontelevision.C．Byputtingonanopera.D．Throughherparents’promotion.A　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段的第一句可知，2012年Alma家的一位朋友在网上发布了一个视频，将Alma比作莫扎特；此后她的能力受到了国际关注，故A项正确。14．WhatisAlma’sattitudetowardshersuccess?A．Sheisstillunsatisfiedwithherperformance.B．Sheisuncomfortablewithsomuchpressure.C．Sheismodestabouthermusicalachievements.D．Sheisproudtohavebecomeaprofessionalmusician.C　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，在人们将她比作莫扎特时，Alma不愿和这位著名的音乐家相提并论，她认为世界上只有一个莫扎特，而她更喜欢人们叫她“小Alma”；据此可以判断，面对人们的赞誉和自己的成功，Alma很谦虚，故C项正确。15．WhatcanweinferaboutAlma’sparents?A．Theyareverywelleducatedpeople.B．Theyareprotectiveoftheirdaughter.C．TheyhavepushedAlmatotakeupmusic.D．TheyhavemadeagoodlifeplanforAlma.B　解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“ThefamilywassuddenlyswampedwithmedianrequestedandAlmabecameanovernightstar，dubbed‘littleMozart’．Thisnicknamemakesherparentsunhappybecausetheybelieveitputsaddedpressureontheyounggirl.Theywouldinsteadpreferhertobecalled‘acomposerandmusician’．”可知，Alma一夜成名，被誉为“小莫扎特”，但这个绰号让她的父母不高兴，因为他们认为这会给这个小女孩带来额外的压力，他们宁愿她被称为“作曲家和音乐家”。据此可以判断，Alma的父母是爱护她的，故B项正确。七选五(2019·东北三省四市模拟)Imaginethatyou’reanactororactressperforminginaplayforthefirsttime.You’velearnedallyourlinesandyouknowwheretowalkonstage.Waitingbehindtheclosedcurtain,youcanheartheaudiencewhispering.Thenyourbigmomentarrives!Thecurtaingoesup,andthecrowdfallssilent.Allyoucanseeisthespotlightshiningdownonyou.1.________Theinsideofyourmouthisdry,andyourhandsarewet.Ifyou’veexperiencedamomentlikethis,youknowalltoowellwhatitmeanstohavestagefright.It’soneofthemostcommontypesoffear.2.________Youcanexperiencethiskindoffearwhenplayingsports,givingatalk,orevenspeakinginclass.3．________Theexperiencediffersfrompersontoperson,butthesamechemicalprocessoccursoneachofus.Inreactiontoanxiety,ourbodiesproduceachemicalthatpreparesustoeitherfightorrunawayquickly.Scientistsrefertothisasourbodies’“fightforfright”reaction.Asaresult,wefeelthegreatenergythatmakesourhandssweat,ourheartsraceandkneesshake.4．________Practicingyourperformanceandfollowingsomesimpletipscanhelpyoucalmdownandmanagethefeelingscausedbyanxiety.Firstly,dresscomfortablyandappropriately.Secondly,beforetheperformance,takedeepbreathsandstretchtohelprelaxyourbody.Thirdly,stayawayfromdrinksthatcontaincaffeine(咖啡因).5.________Instead，tryabanana!Somedoctorsbelievethateatingabananacanhelpcalmyourheartandtherestofyourbody.Finally,whenyoulookintoacrowd,trytofocusonparticularpeopleratherthanthewholegroup.Thesetipshavehelpedmanypeoplelearntodealwiththeirfears.A．Theymightmakeyourheartraceevenfaster.B．Maybeyoudon’thavetobeonstagetogetstagefright.C．Stagefrightisreallypartofthebody’sreactiontostress.D．Withpractice,wecanlearnhowtorelaxwhileplayingsports.nE．Thenyoutrytospeakyourlines,butnothingseemstocomeout.F．There’satimewhenstagefrightpreventsyoufromsteppingonstage.G．However,thegoodnewsaboutstagefrightisthattherearewaystodealwithit.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了人们经常会经历的舞台恐惧及应对舞台恐惧的几种方法。1．E　解析：上文提到了站在舞台上的所听所见，下文提到了舞台恐惧的表现，所以中间连接句也应是在舞台上的表现，所以选E项。2．B　解析：下文提到在参加体育运动、演讲甚至在课堂上发言都可能会经历这种恐惧，所以空处应讲的是有时这种恐惧不一定只出现在舞台上，所以选B项。3．C　解析：本段讲的是舞台恐惧产生的过程及身体对压力的反应，所以空处应该解释舞台恐惧与身体反应的联系，所以选C项。4．G　解析：下文讲的是应对舞台恐惧的方法，所以空处应统领本段内容，所以选G项。5．A　解析：上文提到要远离含有咖啡因的饮料，下文应该陈述原因，所以选A项。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P301(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·济南高考模拟)OnarecenttriptoCalifornia,IwasintroducedtoSmileCards.Ipromisedmyselfto__1__anactofkindnessbeforeIleftCalifornia.I__2__thinkingaboutitbutIdidn’tknowwhattodo.Ireachedtheairportandthe__3__wasabouttobeginwhenIsawanicecreamstore.IwentinandtoldtheguyatthestorethatI__4__todoanactofkindness.Theguy,namedJose,lookedconfused.__5__IexplainedIhadjustattendedaconference,whereIwastoldSmileCardsand__6__todoanactofkindness.Joseshowed__7__.ItoldJose,“Whoeverisyournext__8__，treatthemtosomeicecreamandthengivethemthisSmileCard.”Jose__9__readthecardandagreedwithasmilethatwasbothgratefuland__10__atthesametime.Sincethiswasmyfirsttime,Iwantedtoknowthe__11__ofthereceiver.“Jose,Ihavetocatcha__12__，buthereismycellphonenumber.Wouldyoube__13__enoughtocallmeandtellmetheperson’sreaction？”He__14__．Iwenttomygate,andasIwasabouttoboard,Jose__15__，“Ididtheactofkindness.Thepersonwasvery__16__，andaskedmetoexpressthankstothepersonwhopaidforit！”IagainthankedJoseandboardedtheflightfeeling__17__．Ireallywantto__18__thispracticeofkindness.IamaprofessorandIlovenmywork__19__itmakesadifferenceinthelivesofothers.Andnow,IrealizethatIcandothateverywhere.Thewholeworldismy__20__．【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者受“微笑卡”的启发请别人免费吃冰激凌的故事。作者内心感到骄傲，并打算继续做这种善事。1．A.startB．findC．proveD．explainA　解析：根据第一段中的“butIdidn’tknowwhattodo”及第三段中的“Sincethiswasmyfirsttime”可知，作者以前没有做过这样的善事，因此作者决定离开加利福尼亚之前开始做善事，故选A项。2．A.practicedB．enjoyedC．triedD．keptD　解析：作者老是想这件事，但不知道怎么做。keepdoingsth.意为“继续做某事，重复做某事”，故选D项。3．A.workingB．boardingC．shoppingD．bookingB　解析：根据第四段中的“Iwenttomygate,andasIwasabouttoboard”及“IagainthankedJoseandboardedtheflightfeeling______．”可知，作者抵达飞机场并且马上就要登机了，这时作者看见一家冰激凌店。boarding意为“登机，上船”，故选B项。4．A.managedB．choseC．wantedD．forgotC　解析：根据上文可知，作者一直想做善事，因此作者走进这个冰激凌店，告诉店员他想做善事。故选C项。5．A.ThenB．AgainC．YetD．AnyhowA　解析：根据空前的“Theguy,namedJose,lookedconfused.”可知，冰激凌店的店员不太明白作者的意思，因此作者得给他解释一下，前后句为顺承的关系，应用Then，故选A项。6．A.forcedB．orderedC．allowedD．inspiredD　解析：根据上文中的“OnarecenttriptoCalifornia,IwasintroducedtoSmileCards.Ipromisedmyselfto______anactofkindnessbeforeIleftCalifornia.”可知，作者是受到“微笑卡”的启发决定做善事的。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”，故选D项。7．A.reliefB．interestnC．satisfactionD．delightB　解析：句意：Jose表现出了兴趣。relief“减轻，宽慰”；interest“兴趣”；satisfaction“满足”；delight“高兴”。故选B项。8．A.visitorB．assistantC．customerD．friendC　解析：作者告诉Jose:“无论谁是你的下一位顾客，请他们吃些冰激凌并且给他们这个微笑卡。”customer意为“顾客”，故选C项。9．A.curiouslyB．calmlyC．politelyD．nervouslyA　解析：由上文可推知，冰激凌店店员Jose并不了解“微笑卡”，因此会好奇地读这张卡片。curiously“好奇地”；calmly“镇静地”；politely“礼貌地”；nervously“紧张地”。故选A项。10．A.annoyedB．tiredC．frightenedD．confusedD　解析：根据上文并结合选项可知，Jose好奇地读了这张卡片，带着感激和困惑的微笑同意了。annoyed“恼怒的，烦恼的”；tired“累的”；frightened“害怕的”；confused“困惑的”。故选D项。11．A.replyB．reactionC．expressionD．decisionB　解析：根据下文中的“Wouldyoube______enoughtocallmeandtellmetheperson’sreaction？”可知，作者想知道接受者的反应。reaction意为“反应”，故选B项。12．A.busB．trainC．flightD．taxiC　解析：根据上文中的“Ireachedtheairportandthe______wasabouttobegin”及下文中的“IagainthankedJoseandboardedtheflightfeeling______．”可知，作者要赶飞机。catchaflight意为“赶上飞机”，故选C项。13．A.kindB．braveC．wiseD．reliableA　解析：句意：劳烦你给我打电话并告诉我这个人的反应好吗？Wouldyoubekindenoughtodosth.?“劳烦您做某事好吗？”为习惯用法。故选A项。14．A.refusedB．agreedC．sighedD．failedB　解析：根据下文Jose给作者打电话的内容“Ididtheactofkindness.Thepersonnwasvery______，andaskedmetoexpressthankstothepersonwhopaidforit！”可知，Jose同意了给作者打电话。故选B项。15．A.arrivedB．shoutedC．appearedD．calledD　解析：根据上文中的“Wouldyoube______enoughtocallmeandtellmetheperson’sreaction？”可知，作者请求Jose给他打电话，因此这里指Jose打来电话了，故选D项。16．A.happyB．activeC．specialD．cleverA　解析：根据本句中的“andaskedmetoexpressthankstothepersonwhopaidforit”可知，接受者想向为冰激凌付款的人表示感谢，因此可以推断接受者非常高兴，故选A项。17．A.safeB．luckyC．proudD．energeticC　解析：作者再次感谢Jose并且自豪地登上了飞机。safe“安全的”；lucky“幸运的”；proud“自豪的”；energetic“精力充沛的”。故选C项。18．A.introduceB．describeC．exploreD．continueD　解析：作者真的想要继续做这种善事。根据下文中的“Andnow,IrealizethatIcandothateverywhere.”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事，由此推知作者想继续做善事。故选D项。19．A.onceB．becauseC．ifD．thoughB　解析：作者是一个教授，他爱他的工作，因为它可以在其他人的生活中产生影响。前后为因果关系，应用表示因果关系的连词because，故选B项。20．A.homelandB．battlefieldC．playgroundD．mainlandC　解析：根据空前一句“Andnow,IrealizethatIcandothateverywhere.”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事。playground意为“活动场所”，故选C项。语法填空AccordingtodatafrompopulationreportsandstatisticsmadebytheWorldBank,Japanesepeoplein20131.____________(live),onaverage,to83yearsold,andthecountryitselfranks2.____________thetopfivenationswiththelongestlifeexpectancy(预期寿命)．n3．____________majorcontributortoJapan’shighlifeexpectancyandoverallhealthistheirdiet,asdeterminedbythecountry’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare.Accordingtoarecentstudy4.____________(publish)bytheBMJ,Japanesepeople5.____________keptonthetraditionalJapanesedietduringthe15yearstudyhadamortalityrate(死亡率)15%lowerthanthosewhodidnot.Further,thosewho6.____________keepwerealso7.____________(little)likelytosufferfromsomediseases.Japan’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare8.____________(break)thetraditionalJapanesedietdownintheirversionofthefoodpyramid,calledthe“JapaneseFoodGuideSpinningTop”.ThoughtheJapanesedietgivesspecial9.____________(important)tohighintakesoffishandsoybeanproductsinsteadoffats,itis10.____________(general)abalanceofgrains,vegetables,fishandmeat,andmilkandfruits.However,theguidealsoincludessnacks,sweets,cakesandalcoholicdrinks,whichcanbeconsumedincontrol,ratherthancompletelyrejected.【解题导语】　本文是一篇调查报告。日本位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首，饮食是日本人长寿的主要原因，本文主要分析了日本传统饮食的特点以及国家对国民饮食的指导。1．lived　解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“in2013”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。故填lived。2．on/among　解析：考查介词。句意为：日本人2013年的平均寿命是83岁，位居预期寿命最长的五个国家之首。onthetop意为“在顶部”；此句也可理解为：位居预期寿命最长的五个国家当中，用among。故填on/among。3．A　解析：考查冠词。空格处修饰名词“contributor”，表示泛指，应用不定冠词；且major的读音以辅音音素开头。故填A。注意首字母大写。4．published　解析：考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语“study”与“publish”之间构成被动关系，因此应用所给词的过去分词形式作后置定语。故填published。5．who/that　解析：考查定语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为“Japanesepeople”指人，从句中缺少主语。故填who/that。6．did　解析：考查谓语动词的强调结构。根据上文中的“had”和“didnot”可知，此处应用一般过去时，对谓语动词表示强调应借助于助动词did。故填did。7．less　解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句意及上文中的“lower”可知，此处应用形容词little的比较形式。故填less。8．breaks　解析：考查动词的时态。本句主语是“Japan’sMinistryofHealth,LabourandWelfare”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。本段叙述的是客观事实，n故时态主要是一般现在时。故填breaks。9．importance　解析：考查词性转换。形容词“special”应修饰名词。故填important的名词形式importance。10．generally　解析：考查词性转换。根据语境可知，日本饮食通常也是谷类、蔬菜类、鱼类、肉类以及牛奶和水果的一个平衡。generally意为“通常”，在句中作状语。故填generally。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P302(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联考)TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasmadeanappealtoscientists，drugmanufacturersandgovernments.TheWHOwantsthemtoworktogether61.____________(develop)drugstofight12bacteria.Thesebacteria62.____________(be)abletoresist63.____________(power)antibiotic(抗生素)drugs.Theresistanceissounusuallystrongthatallthe12bacteriahavebeengivenaspecialname“superbug”．TheUnitedNationsagencyreportedthisweekthe12superbugsareathreattohuman64.____________(healthy)．Itsaidtheyhave65.____________abilitytoeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers.TheWHOsayssuperbugscanalsopassalonggeneticmaterial66.____________helpsotherbacteriabecomeresistanttodrugtreatment.MariePauleKienyistheAssistantDirectorGeneralattheWHO.Shesaid，“Antibioticresistanceisgrowingandwearefastrunningout67.____________treatmentoptions.”Sheurgedgovernmentstogivedrugcompaniesreasonstodevelopnewtreatments.“Ifweleaveittomarketforcesalone，thenewantibioticswemost68.____________(urgent)needarenotgoingtobedevelopedintime，”shesaid.Antibioticdrugscanlosetheireffectivenesswhenpeopletakemoreorlessthantheamount69.____________(require)bydoctors.Whenthishappens，infectionsthat70.____________(treat)atonetimeeasilybecomeresistant.【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了世界卫生组织呼吁开发新的药物，以应对超级病菌对人类健康的威胁。61．todevelop　解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语，故填tondevelop。62．are　解析：考查动词时态。此处表示客观的陈述，故用一般现在时；结合空前的“Thesebacteria”可知，应填are。63．powerful　解析：考查形容词。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语，故填形容词powerful。64．health　解析：考查名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。humanhealth意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。65．the　解析：考查冠词。ability被不定式短语“toeasilyturntreatableinfectionsintokillers”所修饰，表示特指，故用定冠词the修饰。66．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词geneticmaterial。67．of　解析：考查介词。固定搭配runoutof意为“用完”，故填介词of。68．urgently　解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子。故此处应用副词urgently修饰动词need。69．required　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，require和amount之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。70．weretreated　解析：考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“atonetime”可知，treat所表示的动作发生在过去，且动词treat和infections是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·石家庄教学质检二)WhenIwasinhighschool,Iwantedtogetascholarshiptoauniversity.Ilikedsinging,soItryoutforascholarshipformusic.ButIfailedtogetone.Iwasrealupset.Ifeltlikefailure.Ijustkeptfeelingsorryforme.However,afterafewday,IdecidednottoletonesinglelosstokeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.ButIcheeredupanddevotedmyselftosingagain.Ithinkthatacceptingfailureisthatweneedtodofirstbeforewesuccesseventually.n答案：WhenIwasinhighschool,Iwantedtogetascholarshiptoauniversity.Ilikedsinging,soIoutforascholarshipformusic.ButIfailedtogetone.Iwasupset.Ifeltlikefailure.Ijustkeptfeelingsorryfor.However,afterafew，IdecidednottoletonesinglelosskeepmefromdoingwhatIlove.Icheeredupanddevotedmyselftoagain.Ithinkthatacceptingfailureisweneedtodofirstbeforeweeventually.第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·河北五个一名校联考)假定你是李华，最近收到了你的英国朋友Jacob的来信，得知他已被剑桥大学(theUniversityofCambridge)录取。请你写信向他表示祝贺，并就你在大学专业选择上遇到的困惑征求他的意见。内容包括：1．向Jacob表示祝贺；2．谈谈你在大学专业选择上的困惑；3．向对方征求意见和建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearJacob，Howiseverythinggoing?I’mgladtoreceiveyourletterandknowyou’vebeenadmittedtotheUniversityofCambridge.I’mwritingtooffermywarmestcongratulations.Iamnowintheprocessofuniversityapplication,strugglingwithwhichmajortochoose.I’masciencestudentinhighschool,soI’msupposedtochoosemajorsnrelatedtoscienceandengineering.ButtheproblemsarethatI’mnotsurewheremyinterestliesandwhichmajorshaveabrightprospectthatcanensuremeagoodjob.Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonthechoiceofamajor?Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldshareyouropinionswithme.Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yours，LiHua