2020版高考英语复习课时提能练14astronomy：thescienceofthestars（含解析）新人教版

2020版高考英语复习课时提能练14astronomy：thescienceofthestars（含解析）新人教版

课时提能练(十四)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019·长沙测评)Scientistsfoundgravitationalwavesastheywatchedtheeffectsoftwoblackholesrunningintoeachotherandformingamuchbiggerone，acenturyafterAlbertEinsteinpredictedthatsuchaneventwouldsendripples(波纹)throughspacetime.Scientists“heard”thewavewiththehelpoflaserbeams(激光束)sentthroughtwopipeswhichformanangleof90°betweeneachotherandarenearly2，000milesapartintheUS.Thatequipmentletthemglimpsethenatureofblackholes.TogethertheymadeuptheLaserInterferometerGravitationalWaveObservatory(LIGO)．GravitationalwaveswerefirstobservedinSeptember2015andtheseconddetection(发现)occurredthreemonthslater.Thethirddetection，whichtheastronomerscalledGW170104，wasmadeonJanuary4，2017.Theastronomersbelievedtheirlatestfinding“providescluesaboutthedirectionsinwhichtheblackholesarespinning”．“Blackholesarebeautifullysimple.Youjustneedtwonumberstodescribethemcompletely：mass，howmuchtheybendspacetime，andaspin，howmuchspacetimemovesaboutthem，”saidDr.ChristopherBerryoftheUniversityofBirmingham，oneoftheresearchersintheproject.“Butittakeslotsofhardworktomeasurethesefromourdata.Wenowhavewonderfulmassmeasurements，andarestartingtouncoverdetailsaboutthespinsoftheseblackholes，whichcouldgiveevidenceforhowtheyformed.”TheresearcherssaidtheirdiscoveryaddedfurtherevidencetosupportEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativityandconfirmedtheexistenceofpreviouslyunknownblackholes.Morethan1，000scientistsfromtheLIGOScientificCollaborationwereinvolvedintheprojectalongwithanadditional280researchersfromtheEuropeanbasedVirgoCollaboration.Scientistshopegravitationalwaveswillofferacompletelydifferentviewoftheuniverse，allowingthemtostudyeventsthatmightbehiddenfromtraditionaltelescopes.“Wehavefurtherconfirmationoftheexistenceofstellar(恒星的)massblackholesthatarelargerthan20solarmasses.Wedidn'tknowtheyexistedbeforeLIGOdetectedthem，”MITresearcherDavidShoemakersaid.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇科普说明文。科学家们第三次探测到引力波，相对论再获证实，促进了黑洞研究。1．Whopioneeredgravitationalwaves?nA．DavidShoemaker.B．ChristopherBerry.C．ScientistsfromLIGO.D．AlbertEinstein.D　[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“acenturyafterAlbertEinsteinpredictedthatsuchaneventwouldsendripples(波纹)throughspacetime”可知，科学家们的这一发现发生在爱因斯坦预测此事件的一个世纪后，因此爱因斯坦是引力波的先行者。]2．Howdidscientistsdiscovergravitationalwaves?A．Byusinglaserbeams.B．Byjoiningverticalpipes.C．Byusingtraditionaltelescopes.D．Byfollowingtheorbitofblackholes.A　[细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“Scientists‘heard’thewavewiththehelpoflaserbeams(激光束)sentthroughtwopipeswhichformanangleof90°betweeneachotherandarenearly2，000milesapartintheUS”可知，科学家们是通过使用激光束来探测到引力波的。]3．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A．Morethan2，000scientiststookpartintheevent.B．Scientistshavealreadydiscoveredspinsofblackholes.C．Gravitationalwavescontributedtoblackholes'research.D．Thereisnowaytofindouthowblackholesareformed.C　[推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Theastronomersbelievedtheirlatestfinding‘providescluesaboutthedirectionsinwhichtheblackholesarespinning’”和第四段中的“We...arestartingtouncoverdetailsaboutthespinsoftheseblackholes，whichcouldgiveevidenceforhowtheyformed”可知，科学家们第三次发现引力波给黑洞的旋转方向提供了线索，黑洞的旋转细节可能为它们的形成方式提供证据。即引力波对黑洞的研究有作用。故选C。]4．Whatdothescientiststhinkoftheapplicationofgravitationalwaves?A．It'scontroversial.B．It'spromising.C．It'slimited.D．It'sdemanding.B　[观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“Scientistshopegravitationalwaveswillofferacompletelydifferentviewoftheuniverse，allowingthemtostudyeventsthatmightnbehiddenfromtraditionaltelescopes”可知，科学家们希望引力波会提供一个完全不同的宇宙观，使得他们能研究使用传统望远镜可能发现不了的事情，即他们认为引力波的运用很有前景。故选B项。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2019·石家庄模拟)HowtoBeaGoodTeamLeaderTeamworkisessentialinschool，sports，andgroupactivities.Beingagoodteamleaderinvolvesalotofskills，butknowinghowtorelatetoyourteamisoneofthemostimportantqualitiesagoodteamleadershouldhave.◇Showrespect.Asaleader，youwillsometimeshavetomakeadecisioninahurry.__1__You'dbetterexplainclearlywhyyoumadethedecisionandaskforfeedbackfromyourteam，whichshowsthatyouarealeaderwithrespect.◇__2__Ifsomepeoplearealittlebehindonaprojectortask，helpthem.Bepatientandspendsometimewiththeindividualtoassesswhythereisanissue.Inaddition，findataskforeveryonenomatterwhattheirskillorlevelis.__3__◇Encourageyourteam.Sometimespeoplearescaredtotrysomething，andthisiswheretheleadercomesin.__4__It'smorelikelythatyourteamwillgetmotivatedandhavethejobdoneatlast.◇Recognizethepositiveresults.Acknowledgeyourteamforajobwelldone，evenifit'ssmall.Youdon'thavetorewardgoodworkwithapayraise.__5__Takingasecondortwotostopandthankyourteammakesadifference.Onceyoufollowthetipsmentionedabove，youwillmakeagoodteamleader.A．Includeeveryone.B．Keepapositiveattitude.C．Apayraisewillcheerupyourteam.D．Oralappreciationholdsalotofweight.E．Afterall，theyallwanttocontributeinsomeway.F．Showyourteamthatthetaskispossible，evenifdifficult.G．Butthismaynotalwaysbewhateveryoneinyourteamwants.【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了四条成为优秀领导的原则。n1．G　[根据空处前一句“Asaleader，youwillsometimeshavetomakeadecisioninahurry”可知，作为一个领导者，你有时不得不迅速做出决定；结合空处后一句“You'dbetterexplainclearlywhyyoumadethedecisionandaskforfeedbackfromyourteam，whichshowsthatyouarealeaderwithrespect”可知，你最好解释清楚你为什么做出这样的决定；根据空处前后两句的句意可以判断，空处与前一句形成转折关系，表示这么做并非团队每个成员想要的，并引出后一句，故G项正确。]2．A　[根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是该段标题；由该段第二、第三句“Bepatientandspendsometimewiththeindividualtoassesswhythereisanissue.Inaddition，findataskforeveryonenomatterwhattheirskillorlevelis”可知，要有耐心，花些时间和个人讨论为什么会有这样的问题；此外，要给所有人找到任务。据此可以判断，该段主要陈述要关注每个成员，故A项正确。]3．E　[根据空处前一句“Inaddition，findataskforeveryonenomatterwhattheirskillorlevelis”可知，要给所有人找到任务，不管他们的技能或水平是什么样的；据此可以判断，空处解释此举的原因，故E项(毕竟每个团队的成员都想以某种方式做出贡献)符合语境。]4．F　[根据该段的标题“Encourageyourteam”可知，要鼓励你的团队成员；结合空处后一句“It'smorelikelythatyourteamwillgetmotivatedandhavethejobdoneatlast”可知，你的团队成员很有可能被激励，从而最终完成工作；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，陈述激励的方式，故F项(向团队成员证明，即使任务很困难，也是可能完成的)符合语境。]5．D　[根据空处前一句“Youdon'thavetorewardgoodworkwithapayraise”可知，你无需为良好的工作表现加薪；据此可以判断，口头表扬会起到很大的作用，故D项与此处匹配。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2019·贵阳适应性考试)Franklin'slifeisfullofcharmingstorieswhichallyoungmenshouldknow—1.________hesoldbooksinBoston，andbecametheguestofkingsinEurope；howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin，onlytoquitbecause，ashesaid，hewasnosoldier，andyethelpedtoorganizethearmythatstoodbeforethetrainedtroopsofEnglandandGermany.ThispoorBostonboy，withoutaday'sschooling，2.________(become)amasterofsixlanguagesandneverstopped3.________(study)；thisneglectedapprentice(学徒)conqueredlightning，madehisnamefamous，4.________(receive)degreesanddiplomasfrommanycolleges，andbecameforeverrememberedasthe“DoctorFranklin”，aphilosopher，scientistand5.________(politics)leader.nSelfmade，selftaught，thecandlemaker'ssongavelight6.________alltheworld；thestreetbooksellersetallmensingingofliberty；theapprenticebecamethemostsoughtaftermanacrosstheworld，andbroughthisnativelandtopraiseandhonorhim.HebuiltAmerica，forwhatthenationistodayislargelyduetothemanagement，theforethought，thewisdom，andthe7.________(able)ofBenjaminFranklin.Hebelongstotheworld，but8.________(especial)hebelongstoAmerica.Peoplearoundtheworldhonoredhimwhilehewasliving；heisstillregarded9.________theloftiest(崇高的)manbythecommonpeopletodayafterhisdeath.Andhewillliveinpeople's10.________(heart)forever.【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了美国名人本杰明·富兰克林的传奇故事。1．how　[考查副词。此处与下文中的“howhewasmadeMajorGeneralFranklin”呼应，此处表示事情进行的方式，故用副词how。]2．became　[考查动词时态。根据下文的andneverstopped可知，此处是并列结构，故用一般过去时。]3．studying　[考查动名词。stopdoingsth.意为“停止做某事”，故用动名词作宾语。]4．received　[考查动词时态。根据语境可知，此处和conquered，made，became是并列关系，故用一般过去时。]5．political　[考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词，故用形容词political修饰名词leader，在句子中作定语。]6．to　[考查介词。givesth.to...意为“给……某物”，故用介词to。]7．ability　[考查词性转换。根据冠词the和介词of以及上文的management，forethought和wisdom可知，此处用名词ability表示抽象概念。]8．especially　[考查副词。副词修饰形容词、副词、动词、介词短语，甚至整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处副词especially修饰整个句子。]9．as　[考查介词。regard...as...意为“把……看作……”，为固定搭配，故用介词as。]10．hearts　[考查名词复数。heart作“心，内心”时为可数名词，根据空前的people's可知，此处表示复数概念，故用复数名词hearts。]Ⅳ.短文改错(2019·太原模拟)Doyoubelieveloveisthemostimportant?Intheearlytwentycentury，homelesspeoplewereoftenbroughtupinorphanages，inthattheyreceivedlittlelove.Atonetime，Dr.Skeelstooktwelvechildrenfromanorphanageorhadanyounggirllookthemeachday.Healsostudiedanothertwelvechildrenwhoareleftintheorphanagealldaylong.Hefollowedthesechildrennotuntiltheygrewup，andtheresultswereshocked.Thechildrenstayingalldayintheorphanagewereeitherdeadorsufferingfromseriousillnesses.However，thetwelvechildrenlovedbythegirlwereallhealthyandindependently.Theonlydifferencebetweenthelifeofthesechildren—thelove，madeagreatdifferencetous.【答案】　Doyoubelieveloveisthemostimportant?Intheearlycentury，homelesspeoplewereoftenbroughtupinorphanages，intheyreceivedlittlelove.Atonetime，Dr.Skeelstooktwelvechildrenfromanorphanagehadayounggirllookthemeachday.Healsostudiedanothertwelvechildrenwholeftintheorphanagealldaylong.Hefollowedthesechildrenuntiltheygrewup，andtheresultswere.Thechildrenstayingalldayintheorphanagewereeitherdeadorsufferingfromseriousillnesses.However，thetwelvechildrenlovedbythegirlwereallhealthyand.Theonlydifferencebetweentheofthesechildren—thelove，madeagreatdifferenceto.