2020版高考英语复习unit10money知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

2020版高考英语复习unit10money知能演练轻松闯关（含2019届新题，含解析）北师大版

Unit10Money课时练1　阅读理解提速练[学生用书P278(单独成册)]阅读理解A(2019·太原模拟)·ShapeAccordingtoitswebsite,ShapeisamagazineforAmericanwomenwithactivelifestyles.Thiswomen’shealthmagazinecoverseverythingfromdietandexercisetopsychology.WhatisgreataboutShapeisthatitknowsthatitmustcoveralotmorethanfitnesstogivewomenalltheinformationtheyneedtostayhealthy.Besidesallthegreatfeaturesincludedinitsprintmagazine,italsohasaneasilyaccessiblewebsitethatanyonecanuse.·Women’sDayWomen’sDayisnotonlyspecificallyawomen’shealthmagazine,butalsoincludesalittleinformationofwhatShapehas,alongwithmoreinformationonotheraspectsoflife:family,money,travelandstyle.ManyofthearticlesinWomen’sDaydealwithspecificdiseasesthatarecommontowomen,suchasheartdisease,breastcancerandothers.·Women’sHealthFromtipstorecenthealthnewstoarticlesaboutworldaffairs,Women’sHealthhaseverythingthatyouexpectinawomen’shealthmagazine.AnothergreatfeatureisthatWomen’sHealthhasagreatwebsitefullofinformation,aswellasarticlesfrompastmagazinesthatyoucancheckout.Thisisagreatresource,sinceitletsyougettoseearticleswellattheoffice.·FitnessThismagazinecoversimportanttopicssuchasphysicalfitness,health&beauty,andmentalhealth.Itofferssomethingnewineachissue,andit’salwayseasytounderstand.Theworkoutsareclearlypresentedwithgoodphotostoillustrate(说明)everymovement,andalmostallcanbedonewithoutmakingatriptothegym.【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了一些女性生活健康杂志。1．What’sthepurposeofwritingthetext?nA．Todescribesomefamouswebsites.B．Topredictthebestsellingwriters.C．Tointroducesomehealthmagazinesforwomen.D．Toadvertisesomefashionmagazinesforwomen.C　解析：写作意图题。通读全文，根据Shape中的“Accordingtoitswebsite,ShapeisamagazineforAmericanwomenwithactivelifestyles.”，Women’sDay中的“Women’sDayisnotonlyspecificallyawomen’shealthmagazine,butalsoincludesalittleinformationofwhatShapehas”，Women’sHealth中的“Women’sHealthhaseverythingthatyouexpectinawomen’shealthmagazine”，以及Fitness中的“Thismagazinecoversimportanttopicssuchasphysicalfitness,health&beauty,andmentalhealth.”，我们不难发现本文是一则广告，主要介绍了一些女性生活健康杂志，故选C项。2．HowisWomen’sDaydifferentfromtheothers?A．Itdealswithmanylifeproblems.B．Itprovidesinformationonfamilylife.C．Itincludesmanyarticlesaboutwomen.D．Itgivespeoplealotofhealthinformation.A　解析：细节理解题。根据Women’sDay中的“includesalittleinformationof...aspectsoflife”可知，Women’sDay不同于其他杂志的是它处理许多生活问题。故选A项。3．WhatmakestheinformationinFitnesseasytounderstand?A．Goodexamples.B．Importanttopics.C．Interestingstories.D．Illustrativepictures.D　解析：细节理解题。根据Fitness中的“Theworkoutsareclearlypresentedwithgoodphotostoillustrate(说明)everymovement,andalmostallcanbedonewithoutmakingatriptothegym.”可知，说明性图片使Fitness提供的信息更容易理解。故选D项。B(2019·昆明摸底测试)WhenshewasfoundoffthecoastofCaliforniafouryearsago,thefurseal,knownasZiggyStar,wasskinnyandfragile.Shewasunfittoreturntothewild.Andthoughaprofessionalrescueteamtookherintocareforher,Ziggycontinuedtodecline.“Iwouldn’thavegivenhernextweek，”saysnUriarte,asurgeonwholedarecentfirstofitskindbrainoperationontheseal.Theoperationwasthefirstofitskindtotreathydrocephalusinfurseals.ThesurgicalteamatTuftswasunabletofindanydocumentedevidenceofasimilarprocedure,sotheyneededalotofpreparationtooperateonZiggy’sbrain.ThebiggestconcerninoperatingonZiggywashowtocontroltheanimal’sanesthesia(麻醉)．“Whenthey’reunderanesthesia,theirbody’sreactionincludesdecreasingtheirheartrate,bloodpressure,andbreathing，”saysFlower,whoobservesZiggyandtheotheranimals’care,describingthespecialchallengesofoperatingonseals.Onthedayofthesurgery,Flowersaysthatsheandherteam“wereallquiteanxiousnotknowingwhatwouldhappen”.Movingquicklywasextremelyimportant;thelongershewasunderanesthesia,themorelikelythatshecouldloseherbreathing,saysthesurgeon.Thesealhasbeenkeptonlandtopreventwaterfromenteringthecutonherhead.Now,Ziggyiseatingafulldietandisbeginningtogainweightagain.“RecentlyI’veallowedhertogoswimming，”saysFlower.However,thesourceofZiggy’sneurologicaldisorder(神经紊乱)isstillamystery.“Mytheoryisthatwhenshewasfound,shehadaheadinjury，”Uriartesays.“Hitbyaboatmaybe...Thathappensalotwithseals.”Flowerislesswillingtoguess.“Idon’tthinkthere’senoughinformationtomakethatassumption.Wejustdon’tknowwhathappenedtoher.”【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。ZiggyStar是一只在加利福尼亚海岸被发现的非常瘦弱的海豹，因为Ziggy有脑积水，医生为她进行了手术，她现在已经能够正常进食，体重也在逐步恢复，但究竟是什么导致了她的神经紊乱，这依旧是一个谜。4．Whenfirstfound,ZiggyStarlooked________．A．thinandweakB．activeandexcitedC．bloodyandfierceD．strongandenergeticA　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“WhenshewasfoundoffthecoastofCaliforniafouryearsago,thefurseal,knownasZiggyStar,wasskinnyandfragile.”中的skinny(极瘦的)和fragile(虚弱的)可知A项正确。5．Whatwasthemostchallengingtaskonthedayoftheoperation?A．Helpingthesealregainherbreathing.B．Usinganesthesiaproperlyontheseal.C．Makingfullpreparationsfortheoperation.nD．Balancingthefunctionsoftheseal’sorgans.B　解析：细节理解题。题干中的关键词是themostchallengingtask(最有挑战性的任务)，据此定位到第二段中的“ThebiggestconcerninoperatingonZiggywashowtocontroltheanimal’sanesthesia(麻醉)．”，由此可知，手术最大的挑战是如何控制麻醉，所以选B。6．WhatcanwelearnaboutZiggyaftertheoperation?A．Sheisstrongenoughtoliveinthewild.B．Sheissufferingfromaheartratedisorder.C．Shehasalreadybecomeasheavyasbefore.D．Sheisrecoveringfromthebrainoperation.D　解析：推理判断题。题干的关键词是aftertheoperation，据此定位到文章最后一段第一句“Now,Ziggyiseatingafulldietandisbeginningtogainweightagain.”，由此可知，手术后，海豹已经能够正常进食，体重也在恢复，所以选D。7．Whatisprobablytheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Toshowhumans’loveforacreature.B．Tofindoutawaytooperateonaseal.C．Torememberaninjuredsealindanger.D．Toexplorethereasonsforaseal’sinjury.A　解析：写作意图题。作者在文章中介绍了拯救受伤海豹的过程，旨在说明人们对于动物的爱护，所以选A。C(2019·河北五个一名校联考)TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”.Ilivemylifewiththegoalofneverhavingtosaythosewords,becausetheyconveyregrets,lostopportunities,mistakes,anddisappointment.Myfatherisfamousinourfamilyforsaying,“Taketheextraminutetodoitright.”Ialwaystrytolivebythe“extraminute”rule.Whenmychildrenwereyoungandlikelytocauseaccidents,IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddotoavoidan“ifonly”moment,whetheritwassomethingminorlikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacounter,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(衬垫)ontothesharpcornersofaglasscoffeetable.Idon’tonlyavoidthose“ifonly”momentswhenitcomestosafety.It’sequallyimportanttoavoid“ifonly”inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhadforgoneanopportunitytonsay“Iloveyou”or“Iforgiveyou”.WhenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday,ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformycompanyandIwouldn’tbehere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathewas84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn’tmissanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall.IknowtherewillstillbeoccasionswhenIhavetosay“ifonly”aboutsomething,butmylifeisdefinitelybetterbecauseofmypolicyofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthateventuality.Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallytakesanhourortwoinmybusyscheduletomakeapersonalconnection,IknowthatI’mdoingtherightthing.I’mbuyingmyselfpeaceofmindandthat’sthebestkindofinsuranceformyemotionalwellbeing.【解题导语】　“我”认为英语中最悲伤的两个词是“ifonly”，因为它们表达了遗憾。父亲在“我”小时候经常告诉我们花费额外的时间也要把事情做好来避免遗憾，“我”听从父亲的建议并认为这样做是对的。8．Whydoesthewriterregard“ifonly”astwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguage?A．Becausepeopleusethemwhentheyfeelsad.B．Becausetheyexpressregretsanddisappointmentinlife.C．Becausetheyremindthewriterofsomesadexperiences.D．BecausetheymeansadnessintheEnglishlanguage.B　解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare‘ifonly’．..becausetheyconveyregrets,lostopportunities,mistakes,anddisappointment.”可知，“我”认为英语中最令人伤心的两个词是“ifonly”，因为这两个词表达了后悔、错失的机会、错误和失望。故选B项。9．What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“forgone”inParagraph3?A．Givenup.B．Comeacross.C．Gotthrough.D．Heldback.A　解析：词义猜测题。该词所在的句子表达的意思是：我们都认识这样的人，他们在失去所爱之人后会后悔错失了说“我爱你”或“我原谅你”的机会。所以画线词表示“失去了”，和短语giveup意思接近。故选A项。10．TheauthordecidedtogotoherofficeonGoodFridayto________．A．seeadoctorB．finishherworkC．joinacelebrationD．accompanyherfatherD　解析：细节理解题。题干中的关键信息“decidedtogotoheroffice”对n应原文中的“Ihaddecidedtogotowork”，由此定位到倒数第二段。从倒数第二段可以看出，“我”知道父亲要去自己办公室对面看眼科医生时，本来打算按原计划休假，但突然意识到父亲已经84岁了，所以“我”决定即便是自己的休息日，为了陪父亲，也会去上班。故选D项。11．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．AdvicefromMyFatherB．AvoidanceofSaying“IfOnly”C．The“ExtraMinute”RuleD．TheImportanceofEmotionalWellbeingB　解析：标题归纳题。根据首尾段的第一句话及文章大意可知，本文主要是针对避免说英语中最悲伤的两个词“ifonly”进行阐述的，所以B项“避免说‘ifonly’”符合全文内容。故选B项。D(2019·惠州调研)Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson’sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That’strueforbothteensandadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamtostudywhetherexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens,startingwhenthekidswerejust13.Theyinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears,andalsospoketotheseteens’closestfriends，whoprovidedadditionalinformationaboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachperson’soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen’sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefriendsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thosewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinfluencesonhealth.Weight,familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople,suchotherfactorsdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.“Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits，”saysAllen,“buttherearenalsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior,suchassmoking,drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，”Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”And,headds,“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”【解题导语】　研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处有时也有坏处。12．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Entertainmentnewspaper.B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”。故B项正确。13．WecanlearnfromAllen’sstudythat________．A．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithadulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn’texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeunhealthierD　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。14．AccordingtowhatAllensaid,wecanknowthat________．A．inordertodobetteratschool,teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdB．thoughit’schallengingforteenstodealwithpeerpressure,theyshouldnotgiveupC．teenswillengageinsmoking,drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthemgoingwithfriendsB　解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，与朋友相处使得青少年在成年后更加健康的同时也会带来不利影响，即周围同龄人带来的压力，这些压力会导致许多问题。分析Allen的话“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn’tloseheartfornnotfindingthiseasy.”可以判断，青少年要应对这些压力，找到正确的平衡点是关键，不能因为很难找到平衡点就灰心丧气。故B项正确。15．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．Closefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeople’shealth.C．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbecomehealthieradults.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.C　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C项正确。七选五(2019·长沙模拟)Withtoday’sstressfullifestyles,it’simportanttohavetimethatyouspenddoingsomethingjustforthefunofit.Whiletherearemanygreathobbiestochoosefrom,thehobbieshereareparticularlyusefulinrelievingstress.1．________Whetheryousimplylearntotakebetterpicturesofyourfriendsandfamily,orexploretheworldofcreatingtrueart,photographycanbeagreathobby.Asyoupracticeseeingtheworldthroughtheeyesofaphotographer,youmaybegintoseethingsdifferently.GardeningGardeningcanbeagreatstressrelieverformanyreasons.2.________.Inaddition,itcanalsocreatemorebeautifulsurroundingstocomehomeforeachday,andmore.KnittingAsidefromhelpingyoucreatebeautifulgiftsforyourselfandothers,knittingprovidesyouwithanopportunitytorelievestress.Therepetitivemotioncangetyouintoanexperienceof“flow”，orcanatleastprovideanoutletfornervousenergy.3.________．DrawingYoucangetintouchwithyourartisticsideandusedrawingasawaytoprocessemotions.4.________.Theendresultwillbesomethingbeautifulandpersonalthatyoucanenjoyorshare.Playingthepianon5．________.Whilelisteningtomusiccanprobablybeconsideredahobby,creatingmusiccanbeanevenmorepowerfulstressrelievinghobby.Learningtoplayaninstrumentsuchasthepianocanbeastressrelieverforyouaswellasforthosearoundyou.A．Laughingmore,stressinglessB．ExploringphotographyC．ItcangetyouintothesunshineandfreshairD．MusichasmanyhealthandstressreliefbenefitsE．ThesesuggestionscanhelpyoureducetensioninyourbodynowF．GraduallyknittingmaybemakingyoubetteratyourdayjobG．Besides,itcandistractyou,andachieveotherstressmanagementbenefits【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了几种可以缓解压力的爱好。1．B　解析：根据本段中的“photographycanbeagreathobby”可知，本段推荐的兴趣是摄影，所以选B项。2．C　解析：根据本段标题Gardening及空后一句可推知，做园艺工作可以享受阳光，呼吸新鲜空气，故选C项。3．F　解析：承接上文的“Therepetitivemotioncangetyouintoanexperienceof‘flow’，orcanatleastprovideanoutletfornervousenergy.”并结合本段标题Knitting可推知，编织会让人们工作得更好，所以选F项。4．G　解析：根据下文的“Theendresultwillbesomethingbeautifulandpersonalthatyoucanenjoyorshare.”可推知，画画可以转移注意力，调节压力，所以选G项。5．D　解析：根据下文的“Whilelisteningtomusiccanprobablybeconsideredahobby,creatingmusiccanbeanevenmorepowerfulstressrelievinghobby.”可知，音乐有利于健康，并有助于缓解压力，所以选D项。课时练2　知识运用板块练[学生用书P281(单独成册)]完形填空(2019·襄阳、荆州、荆门、宜昌四地七校联考)IwasdrivingtothegrocerystoreonawarmmorninginMay.IsmiledasIwatchedthegoldensunshine__1__offtheleaves.Itwassucha__2__andheavenlytime.Mycalmwasbroken,__3__，asIroundedacurve(拐弯处)．AhugeUHaultruckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline.IswervedasfarontothesideoftheroadasIcouldto__4__it.ItwasfollowedbynotonebuttwootherUHaultrucksjustas__5__．Iwonderedifallthestuffinsideofthem__6__thesamenperson.Isloweddownmycarandwaitedformyheartrateto__7__．ItwasthenthatI__8__aselfstoragebusinessalongthesideofthehighway,buildingnewunitsforallthepeoplewhocouldn’tfittheir__9__intotheirhouses.Isawa(n)__10__couplecarryingboxesintooneoftheunits.Itseemed__11__thatacouplejustoutoftheirteenscouldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff.Ilostmyown__12__forowningstuffwhenahousefireinthemiddleofthenightdestroyedeverythingmyfamilyowned.TheonlythingIhadleftwastheunderwearIwaswearing.Yet,ourwholefamilyhadawakened__13__toescape.Intheweeksthatfollowedfriendsandfamilygaveusalotofstufftogetusbackonourfeet,butnoneofitseemedas__14__anymore.WhatwasimportantwasseeingMom’ssmile,givingNanaahugandakiss,andwatchingDadsnooze(打盹)inhischair__15__ahardday’swork.Whatwasimportantwasthestuffof__16__，notthestuffofthisworld.SincethenIhavetriedtolimitthethingsIwould__17__．Ididn’twanttoomuchstuffto__18__mylife.IwantedtoonlybuywhatIneededandtospendmydaysinlearning,growing,and__19__myfamilyandothers.IassumedthatonlybydoingsocouldImakemy__20__．　【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过讲述驾车途中的所见所感，并联想到自己家中曾经的火灾事件对他自身观念的影响，由此阐述了自己的感受：世上最重要的东西不是物质占有量，而在于精神世界的丰富，只有这样人才能感到快乐。1．A.appreciatingB．reflectingC．admiringD．releasingB　解析：根据“thegoldensunshine______offtheleaves”可知，此处意为“树叶反射出金色的阳光”。reflect“反射”符合语境。appreciate“感激，欣赏”；admire“钦佩，赞赏”；release“释放，发行”。2．A.refreshingB．delightfulC．peacefulD．dynamicC　解析：根据空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者当时的心情是平静愉快的，故peaceful符合语境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“讨人喜欢的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平静的，宁静的”；dynamic“动力的，有活力的”。3．A.thoughB．tooC．anywayD．insteadA　解析：根据空前的“Mycalmwasbroken”可知，空处所在句与上文构成转折关系，故though“可是，不过”符合语境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎样，n无论如何”；instead“相反”。4．A.missB．rejectC．ignoreD．desertA　解析：根据空前一句中的“truckwascomingmywayseveralfeetoverthecenterline”可知，作者尽量把车子往路边开来躲开卡车。miss“避开，躲开(不好或讨厌的事)”；reject“排斥，丢掉”；ignore“忽视，不理睬”；desert“遗弃，丢弃”。5．A.usefulB．largeC．newD．goodB　解析：根据上文可知，一辆卡车越过了中心线几英尺向作者的方向驶来，结合语境可知，这辆大卡车后还跟着另外两辆同样大的(large)卡车，故选B。6．A.turnedtoB．referredtoC．reactedtoD．belongedtoD　解析：根据语境可知，作者不知道三辆卡车上的东西是否属于(belongto)同一个人。belongto“属于”；turnto“转向，求助于”；referto“参考，提到”；reactto“对……作出反应”。7．A.beatB．pulseC．accelerateD．followD　解析：根据语境可知，作者放慢车速来平静心情调整心率。故follow“跟随，追赶”符合语境。beat“打败，拍打”；pulse“跳动，搏动”；accelerate“加速，增加”。8．A.noticedB．thoughtC．didD．establishedA　解析：该句中的Itwasthenthat是强调句型，意思是“就在那时”。作者在平静心情时注意到路旁的一个自助存储公司。notice“注意到”；think“认为”；do“做”；establish“建立，创办”。9．A.furnitureB．boxesC．possessionsD．materialsC　解析：根据语境可知，这些设备是为那些无法把所有物(possessions)存储到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，财产”符合语境。furniture“家具，设备”；box“盒子”；material“材料”。10．A.oldB．youngC．middleagedD．smallB　解析：根据空后一句中的“acouplejustoutoftheirteens”可知，此处young“年轻的”符合语境。middleaged“中年的”。11．A.curiousB．apparentnC．certainD．obviousA　解析：根据该句中的“couldalreadyhavetoomuchstuff(可能已经拥有太多的东西)”可知，作者对此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合语境。apparent“显然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明显的，显然的”。12．A.hopeB．talentC．faithD．tasteD　解析：根据语境可知，夜半时分一场大火烧毁了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有拥有(很多)东西的兴趣(taste)。taste“爱好，兴趣”符合语境。hope“希望”；talent“才能，天资”；faith“信仰，信念”。13．A.inreturnB．inturnC．intimeD．invainC　解析：根据空前的“hadawakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及时(intime)醒来逃了出去。inreturn“作为回报”；inturn“反过来，轮流”；invain“徒劳”。14．A.affordableB．significantC．beneficialD．practicalB　解析：根据空后的“Whatwasimportantwas”和空前的“noneofit”可知，空处所填词与important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意义的”符合语境。affordable“买得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“实用的”。15．A.beforeB．inC．afterD．duringC　解析：根据生活常识可知，父亲打盹应该是在一天的艰辛工作之后，故after符合语境。16．A.mindB．handC．headD．soulD　解析：根据空前的“Whatwasimportantwasthestuffof”及空后的“notthestuffofthisworld”可知，空处所填词与“thisworld”形成对比，再结合上文内容可知，作者认为精神世界的丰富更为重要。soul“(人类整体的)精神状况”符合语境。mind“头脑，智力”；hand“手”；head“头”。17．A.purchaseB．donateC．wasteD．needA　解析：根据上文中的“notthestuffofthisworld”可知，作者从此努力限制自己购买(purchase)东西的数量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故选A。donate“捐赠”；waste“浪费”；need“需要”。18．A.putupB．crowdupnC．bringupD．setupB　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示作者不想让太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowdup符合语境。putup“张贴，搭建”；bringup“抚养，养育，提出”；setup“建立”。19．A.helpingB．abusingC．lovingD．affectingC　解析：根据空后的“myfamilyandothers”可以推断此处意为“爱我的家人和其他人”，故选C。abuse“滥用”；affect“影响”。20．A.nameB．dayC．worldD．wayB　解析：根据语境可知，此处表示只有这样做作者才能开心。makesb.’sday为固定用法，意为“使某人非常高兴”。语法填空(2019·绵阳第一次诊断)ForNigelPortman,aloveoftravellingbeganwithwhat’scalleda“gapyear”.IncommonwithmanyotherBritishteenagers,hechose1.____________(take)ayearoutbeforesettlingdowntostudyforhisdegree.Afterdoingvarious2.____________(job)toraisesomemoney,helefthometogainsomeexperienceoflifeindifferentcultures,visitingAmericaandAsia.Themoreadventuroustheyoungpersonsare,the3.____________(great)thechallengetheyarelikelytoset4.____________(them)forthegapyear,andforsome,likeNigel,itcanresultinathirstforadventure.Nowthathisuniversitycourse5.____________(come)toanend,Nigelisjustabouttoleaveonathreeyeartripthatwilltakehimrightaroundtheworld.What’smore,heplanstomakethewholejourney6.____________(use)onlymeansoftransportwhicharepoweredbynaturalenergy.Inotherwords,he’llberelying7.____________(main)onbicyclesandhisownlegs;andwhenthere’sanoceantocross,hewon’tbetakingashortcut(捷径)8.____________flyingaboard—he’llbejoiningthecrewofasailingship,instead.Aswellasdoingsomemountainclimbingalong9.____________way,Nigelhopestopassontothepeoplehemeetstheenvironmentalmessage10.____________liesbehindthewholeidea.【解题导语】　本文主要讲述了一个大学生利用“间隔年”去旅行，以实际行动倡议环保的故事。1．totake　解析：考查非谓语动词。choosetodosth.为固定搭配，意为“选择做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。n2．jobs　解析：考查名词复数。job是可数名词，且根据其前的定语various可知，此处应用复数形式，表示“各种工作”。3．greater　解析：考查形容词比较级。根据固定句型the＋比较级．..,the＋比较级．..“越……越……”可知，此处用形容词比较级。4．themselves　解析：考查代词。喜欢冒险的年轻人很可能给他们自己设置更大的间隔年挑战。此处与they呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。5．hascome　解析：考查动词时态。nowthat是连词，引导状语从句，意为“既然”，由此可知事情已经发生，应用完成时，且与语境中的is呼应，故用现在完成时。6．using　解析：考查非谓语动词。动词use和主语he构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。7．mainly　解析：考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语。故用副词mainly修饰谓语动词。8．by/through　解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“以……方式/方法”，与上文中的“onlymeansoftransport”呼应，故用介词by/through。9．the　解析：考查冠词。alongtheway为固定搭配，意为“在……过程中”，符合语境，故用定冠词。10．that/which　解析：考查定语从句。此处用that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词theenvironmentalmessage。课时练3　语法写作增分练[学生用书P282(单独成册)]第三部分　语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)　第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2019·惠州高三第一次调研考试)RecentmonthshaveseenareturnofbikesacrossChina.Withanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingcyclinginsteadof61.____________(drive)toschools,toworkplacesortodosightseeing.Theintroductionofbikesharingprogramshasbroughtthetrendtoanewlevel.Thebikes62.____________(equip)withGPSandcanbeleftanywhereinpublicforthenextuser.They’repopularamongmanyChinesepeopleastheyprovide63.____________effectivesolutioninplaces64.____________it’sdifficulttochangefromonekindoftransporttoanother.Bikesharingisa65.____________(green)methodoftransportationand66.____________(provide)amorefriendlyexperience.However,theprogramshavealsoledtoproblemssuchas67.____________(legal)nparking,deliberate(蓄意的)damageandtheft.Todealwiththeseproblems,thecompanycameupwiththeideaofencouragingpeople68.____________(return)thebikestostations69.____________rewardingfreetimefortheirnextrides.Now,Chineseserviceoperatorsarealsotryingtoaddresstheseproblems,too.Forexample,Mobikesetsa100pointcreditscoreforeachuser,with70.____________(point)takeninthecaseofbadbehavior.Onceascoredropsbelow80,thebikerentalisincreasedto100yuanper30minutes,upfrom0.5－1yuan.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了共享单车在国内的兴起和发展情况。共享单车受到了大众的欢迎，但是也带来了很多问题。为了解决这些问题，经营共享单车的公司也采取了一些措施。61．driving　解析：考查非谓语动词。越来越多的人选择骑自行车而不是开车到学校、工作场所或去观光。根据空前的介词of可知，空处应用动词ing形式，故用driving。62．areequipped　解析：考查时态和语态。这些自行车装配了GPS，可以被停在公共场合的任何地方留给下一个用户。此处是客观性描述，且Thebikes和equip之间是被动关系，故填areequipped。　63．an　解析：考查冠词。该处指“一种有效的解决方法”，表示泛指；effective的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。64．where　解析：考查定语从句。它们受到许多中国人的欢迎，因为它们在难以从一种交通工具转变到另一种交通工具的地方提供了一种有效的解决办法。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，句中places为先行词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。65．greener　解析：考查形容词的比较级。共享单车是一种更绿色的交通方式。根据本句中的“morefriendly”可知，本空应用比较级形式与之构成并列关系。故填greener。66．provides　解析：考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，主语是Bikesharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空处应用动词provide的单数形式，故填provides。67．illegal　解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指非法停车。故填illegal，意为“非法的”。68．toreturn　解析：考查非谓语动词。encouragesb.todosth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填toreturn。69．by　解析：考查介词。为了解决这些问题，公司提出了一种想法，通过奖励人们下一次免费骑车的时间，鼓励他们将自行车送回车站。根据语境可知，空处应用by表示方式。70．points　解析：考查名词复数。摩拜公司为每个用户设置了100分的信用评分，如有不良行为就减分。point在此处为可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故填points。第四部分　写作(共两节，满分35分)n第一节　短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2019·湖北七市联考)MynameisLisa,oneofyougreatfriends.Gladtoseeyou’vemaderapidprogressesinlearningChinesebutIamwritingtotellyouaboutournextlesson.Thelessonwillbegavefrom3：00to5：00intheafternoonofMarch20thinClassroom301.Intheclass,whatyouwillmainlylearnisTangPoetry,deeplovedbyChinesepeople.Inordertomakeeasyforyoutogothroughtheclass,you’dbettertomakefullpreparationsbeforeclass.AndyoushouldhaveabriefunderstandingofthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,duringthatseveralpoetsbecamefamous.Iamlookingforwardtomeetyou!答案：MynameisLisa,oneofgreatfriends.Gladtoseeyou’vemaderapidinlearningChineseIamwritingtotellyouaboutournextlesson.Thelessonwillbefrom3：00to5：00theafternoonofMarch20thinClassroom301.Intheclass,whatyouwillmainlylearnisTangPoetry,lovedbyChinesepeople.Inordertomakeeasyforyoutogothroughtheclass,you’dbettermakefullpreparationsbeforeclass.AndyoushouldhaveabriefunderstandingofthehistoryoftheTangDynasty,duringseveralpoetsbecamefamous.Iamlookingforwardtoyou!第二节　书面表达(满分25分)(2019·日照模拟)假如你是在英国学习的交换生李华，住在同学Peter家里。你上周网购的联想(Lenovo)笔记本电脑将于本周日到货，n但你因陪同父母到伦敦旅游不能按时返回取货，请你给Peter写一封电子邮件，让他帮忙代收并验货。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Onepossibleversion：DearPeter，IthinkIneedyourhelp.LastFridayIplacedanorderforalaptoponline,anditisestimatedtoarrivetoyouraddressthisSunday.ButyouknowI’moutwithmyparents,andwearegoingforatriptoLondonthisweekend.SoI’mwritingtoletyouknowthatit’snotconvenientformetogobacktoreceivethelaptopathome.Canyoudomethefavor,please?It’saLenovolaptopmadeinChina.Pleasegiveitacarefulcheckupandmakesurethepackageiswellpreservedandthemachineoperateswell.Don’thesitatetocontactmeifyoufindanydamage.Thankyouverymuch.Yours，LiHua