2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识unit2theenvironment能力提升题组训练（a）牛津译林版

2020版高考英语第一部分语言知识unit2theenvironment能力提升题组训练（a）牛津译林版

Unit2　Theenvironment能力提升题组训练(A)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018无锡高三三模)Fedupwithconstantlyhavingtorechargeorreplacebatteriesinyourever-expandingelectronicdevices?Thesolutionmaybejustafewstepsaway.“Energyharvesting”promisestopowercountlessconsumerdevices,oftenwithnothingmorethanyourbody’smovementorheat.Dozensofcompaniesaroundtheworldalreadyoffersuchproducts,butmanyexpertsbelievethemarketforthetechnologycouldexplodeduetoelectronicdevicesbeingdevelopedfortheInternetofThings.“It’shuge,”saidGrahamMartin,CEOoftheEnOceanAlliance,aSanRamon-basedgroupofbusinessesthatpromoteswirelessenergy-harvestingtechnologies.WiththeInternetofThingsexpectedtocombinebillionsofdevices,“iftheyareallbattery-powered,we’llhaveaproblembecausethere’snotenoughlithium(锂)intheworld,”headded.“Soalotofthemwillhavetouseenergyharvesting.”Amongthemostbasicformsofthetechnologyisbodypower.Whencertainmaterialsaresqueezedorstretched,themovementoftheiratomscreatesanelectricalcharge.Automaticwatcheshaveemployedtheconceptfordecades,forexample,bywindingthemselveswhentheirusermovestheirarm.Now,theconceptisbeingconsideredforanumberofotherdevices.Inacontestseekingvisionaryideasforwearabletechnologies,Intelawarded$5,000foraconcepttochangethetemperaturedifferencebetweenaperson’sbodyandaspecialpieceofclothingthey’dwearintoelectricityformobiledevices.Usingsoundtopowerdevicesisanotherenergy-harvestingvariation.StanfordUniversityengineersaretestingsmartmicrochipsthatcreateelectricityfromultrasoundtopowerimplantabledevicesthatcananalyzeaperson’snervoussystemortreattheirdiseases.AtextileresearchassociationinSpainisproposingtoobtainelectricityfromradiowavesthatflowaroundeveryonetopowersensorssewnintoclothes,whichcannmonitoraperson’sheartbeatorothervitalsigns.ResearchfirmIDTechExhasestimatedthatannualglobalsalesofenergy-harvestingproductscouldhit$2.6billionby2024,whileWinterGreenResearchpredictssalesof$4.2billionby2019.Obtainingstableenergyfromdevicescanbecomplex,however.Foronething,themotionthatgeneratestheelectricityhastobeconstanttobeuseful.Moreover,theamountofpowerthedevicesproducedependsonthepersonusingthem,accordingtoaColumbiaUniversitystudy.Itdeterminedthattallerpeopleonaverageprovideabout20percentmorepowerthanshorteroneswhenwalking,runningorcycling.It’salsounclearhoweagerlyconsumersmightwelcomeenergy-harvestingproducts.Whilesuchdevicesareexpectedtocostlessthanbattery-poweredalternativeswhencomparedovermanyyears,expertssay,peoplemaycontinuebuyingoneswithbatteriesmerelybecausethosewouldbecheaperintheshortterm.1.Which“explode”inthefollowingsentenceshasthemostsimilarmeaningtotheword“explode”inParagraph2?A.Theywereclearingupwhenthesecondbombexploded.B.Thecontinuedtensioncouldexplodeintomoreviolence.C.Thepopulationexplodedto5,000duringthelasttouristseason.D.Thebossexplodedwhenheheardoftheresignationofthesecretary.2.Whatmakes“energyharvesting”necessaryaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewasteoflithiumintheworld.B.Theincreasingnumberofelectronicdevices.C.Thedevelopmentoftechnology.D.Thepollutioncausedbybatteries.3.Itcanbelearnedfromthepassagethat　　　. A.energy-harvestingproductswillbepopularinthelongrunB.tallerpeoplecansurelyproducealargeramountofpowerC.automaticwatchesharvestenergyfromtheusers’bodyheatD.twowaysofharvestingenergyarementionedinthepassagen语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种能够代替锂电池为电子设备提供电源的能量收集产品,该类产品不仅功能强大,还很环保。答案及剖析:1.C　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句话可知“explode”在句中表示“发展,增加”;C项中“explode”与文中词义一致,表示“游客激增到5000”;故选C。2.B　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句话可知能量收集为无数的消费者设备提供能量,由此可推知,正因电子设备数量的激增,才使能量收集成为必要。故选B。3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知,从长远来看,能量收集产品会很受欢迎,故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2018南昌高三二模)Lastweektheelectricityinmyflatwentout.Ihadjustgothomefromworkandwashappilymakingmytea,whenallofasuddenIwassurroundedbycompletedarkness.Itriedtofixitbutfailed.Ihadtowaitforanelectriciantocomeinthemorning.1.　　 Isatdowntoeatmyhalf-cookeddinner.AndthenIwasn’treallysurewhattodo.MytypicaleveningisspentwatchingTVandlookingthroughsocialmedia.2.　　　Soformeitwasanearlynight.AndIcouldn’thelpbutthink,dowerelytoomuchonelectricity?Thatnight,losingourelectricityfeltlikelosingabasicnecessity.Asbasicasrunningwater.3.　　　Iuseelectricityallthetime,evenwhenit’snotreallynecessary. 4.　　　Itcontributestoglobalwarming.Itisharmingourenvironmentandweneedtodowhatwecantostopit.Notonlythat,butifwecontinuetousethesamelargeamountofenergywewillsoonrunout. So,shouldn’twestartpreparingforitnow?Cuttingbackonouruseofelectricitywouldmakelosingitslower,andalsosaveenergyresourcessothattheycouldlastforlonger.5.　　　Andifeveryonedoesthesame,wecanmakeabigdifference. A.Tonightthiswasn’tpossible.B.Obviously,wecan’tsurvivewithoutit.C.Ouroveruseofelectricityisabigproblem.D.Thisleftmeawholenightwithoutanyelectricity.E.Electricitybringsusconvenienceandtrouble.nF.Butreally,electricityisaluxurythatwe’vegrowntotakeforgranted.G.IknowforsurethatIcouldcutdownonmyuseofelectricity.答案:1—5　DAFCGⅢ.完形填空Researchshowsthatwhenweareabsorbedinanactivity,evenminordistractions(分心)canhaveahugeeffect.Accordingtoastudy,regainingour　1　drivefollowinganinterruptioncantakeabout20minutes. Multitasking(多任务),asmanystudieshaveshown,isamyth(谬论).Amoreaccurate　_2　ofwhathappenswhenwetellourselveswearemultitaskingisthatwe’rerapidly　___3　betweenactivities,suckingourmentalenergy.Andthe　4　canbesurprisinglyserious.Anexperimentfoundthatweloseasmanyas10IQpointswhenweallowourworktobe　5　bydistractionslikeemailsandtextmessages. The　6　isthatmultitaskingisenjoyable.It’sfuntosatisfyyourcuriosity.Whoknowswhatthatnextemailortextmessageholds　7　?Findingoutprovidesimmediatesatisfaction.　8　,resistingdistractionsandstayingontaskrequires　9　andmentaleffort. So,whatarewetodo?Ourstrategyistochangethe　10　tomovetemptationfurtheraway:shutdownyouremailprogramor　11　yourphone.It’saloteasiertostayontaskwhenyou’renot　12　fightingoffmentaldesires. Thealternative,whichmostofusconsidercommon,is　13　todietinginabakery.Weallneedthewillpowertoresistthetemptations,butdoingsocomeswith　14　coststoourlimitedsupplyofwillpower. Anotherworthwhile　15　istocollectsimilaractivitiestogether,keepingtransition(转换)timetoa　16　point.Insteadofspreadingphonecalls,meetingsandemailsthroughoutyourday,try　17　relatedtaskssothattherearefewertransitions. Insomejobs,multitaskingis　18　.Someofustrulydoneedtostay　19　toourclients,colleaguesandmanagers.Soit’sworthnotingthatlimitingdisruptionsistheonlysolution. nRememberthemoreyoudotominimizetask-switchingoverthecourseoftheday,themoreabilityyou’llhaveforactivitiesthatactually　20　.Evensmallchangescanmakeabigdifference. 1.A.initialB.personalC.innerD.ambitious2.A.planB.accountC.predictionD.insight3.A.switchingB.swingingC.swappingD.shuttling4.A.benefitsB.reasonsC.consequencesD.challenges5.A.guidedB.changedC.adaptedD.interrupted6.A.advantageB.emphasisC.troubleD.practice7.A.instockB.instoreC.incheckD.inpossession8.A.AsaruleB.AsaresultC.InshortD.Incontrast9.A.patienceB.disciplineC.courageD.attention10.A.expectationB.taskC.environmentD.vision11.A.replaceB.silenceC.answerD.pick12.A.continuouslyB.finallyC.passionatelyD.directly13.A.similarB.relevantC.superiorD.opposite14.A.affordableB.basicC.considerableD.modest15.A.researchB.aspectC.reactionD.approach16.A.minimumB.maximumC.turningD.fixed17.A.analyzingB.groupingC.assigningD.undertaking18.A.disturbingB.annoyingC.unavoidableD.unnecessary19.A.sympatheticB.loyalC.accustomedD.connected20.A.matterB.functionC.workD.interfere语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文,根据研究显示,当我们全神贯注于某一活动时,即便是小小的一个分心都会产生巨大的影响。答案及剖析:1.A　根据第一段可知在一个分心之后,想要再次获得最初的(intial)动力可能需20分钟。2.B　第二段的第二句话是对第一句话的进一步解释,此处意为“一个更加确切的解释(account)是……”。3.A　根据空后“suckingourmentalnenergy”可知多任务会消耗精力,要在活动中快速切换(switching)。4.C　根据空后“surprisinglyserious”及后一句可知实验的结果(consequence)令人惊讶。5.D　根据空前“weloseasmanyas10IQpoints”可知我们会损失10个点的IQ,这个情况发生在工作被分心打断(interrupt)时。6.C　上一段是提到负面的影响,本段叙述产生的原因,即具体问题所在,trouble“问题、麻烦”符合语境。7.B　根据下一句可知我们很想知道下一封邮件或短信中的内容,知道其中的内容会让我们有及时的满足感。instore“蕴藏”符合语境。8.D　前后两句意思相反,incontrast“相反,相比之下”符合语境。9.B　根据空后的“mentaleffort”可知专注于任务需要自制力,discipline“纪律,自制力”符合语境。10.C　根据下文可知关掉手机或手机静音,这是改变我们所处的环境(environment)。11.B　根据空前“shutdown”可知此处指手机静音。12.A　根据本句语境可知当我们不再需要持续(continuously)击退内心欲望时,继续完成任务会变得更加容易。13.A　上段提的方法是“改变外界环境”,这段讲了另一个方式,和“dietinginabakery在面包房节食”相似(similar)。14.C　根据本句语境可知,尽管我们都有抵制诱惑的能力,但这种做法对于我们有限的自制力来说,将付出相当大的(considerable)代价。15.D　前面介绍了两种方法,这里是第三种方法(approach)。16.A　根据空前可知将相似的工作归在一起完成,这样做可以将切换时间最小化。17.B　根据空后“fewertransitions”可知转换次数很少,即要分类(grouping)相关任务。18.C　根据语境可知多任务在一些工作中是不可避免的(unavoidable)。19.D　根据语境可知我们不得不和客户、同事及经理保持联系(connected)。20.A　根据前后句可知此处表示重要(matter)的事情。