2018_2019学年高中英语unit22environmentalprotectionsectionⅷgrammar学案北师大版

2018_2019学年高中英语unit22environmentalprotectionsectionⅷgrammar学案北师大版

Section&Gammar单元语法项目(一)——转述结构语法图解探究发现①Hesaid,“I'mbusypreparingforthefinalexamnow.”→Hesaidthathewasbusypreparingforthefinalexamthen.②“Doyouwantthegreenshirtortheblueone？”askedmother.→Motheraskedwhether/ifIwantedthegreenshirtortheblueone.③Theoldmansaid,“Don'tcomehereagainnextweek.”→Theoldmanaskedusnottogothereagainthenextweek.④Ourteachersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”→Ourteachersaidpracticemakesperfect.⑤“Wheredidyouspendyourholidaythisyear,Jack？”Sheasked.→SheaskedJackwherehehadspenthisholidaythatyear.[我的发现](1)由句①可知，当直接引语为陈述句变为间接引语时，时态、人称、时间状语以及指示代词等通常要改变。(2)由句②可知，当直接引语为一般疑问句变为间接引语时，首先变为陈述句语序，然后再加上连词if或whether来引导间接引语。(3)由句③可知，当直接引语为祈使句时，要加上合适的动词，如ask,tell,order,require,demand等动词作谓语，然后将该祈使句变成动词不定式作宾补。(4)由句④可知，当直接引语为谚语、格言以及客观真理、自然现象时，间接引语中的谓语动词不用改变，仍使用一般现在时态。(5)由句⑤可知，当直接引语为特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，首先将其变为陈述句语序，但仍用原来的疑问词引导。一、常见的转述结构n1．动词＋that...that引导的从句为间接引语。常用动词有add,admit,agree,announce,believe,boast,claim,complain,deny,declare,explain,insist,remind,suggest,warn等。Theyannouncedthatshewouldgiveoneextrasong.他们宣布她将再唱一首歌。Hebelievesthatsheisfitforthejob.他相信她能胜任这项工作。2．动词＋sb.＋that...常用动词有warn,remind,tell等。HewarnedmethatIcouldn'tgooutaloneatnight.他警告我晚上不能单独出去。SheremindedmethatIhadn'twrittentomymother.她提醒我还没有给母亲写信。3．动词＋sb.＋todosth.常用动词有advise,beg,order,promise等。Thedoctoradvisedmetotakemoreexercise.医生建议我多加锻炼。Ipromisedmymothertogetupearlyinthemorning.我向妈妈承诺早上早起。4．动词＋todosth.常用动词有agree,offer,refuse,threaten等。Heofferedtolendmesomebooks.他主动提出要借给我一些书。Thebossthreatenedtodismissusifwedidn'tobeyhim.老板威胁我们说，如果违背他就开除我们。5．动词＋v.ing常用动词有admit,deny,suggest,advocate等。Shesuggestedstayingthereanotherday.她建议在那儿再待一天。Hedeniedhavingseenthesewatchesbefore.他否认曾经见过这些手表。6．动词＋if/whether...常用动词有inquire,ask等。Sheaskedwhether/ifIputsugarinmytea.n她问我是否在茶中加糖。7．动词＋介词＋v.ing常用动词词组有accuseof,succeedin等。Hewasaccusedofstealingthemoney.他被指控偷钱。[即时演练1]　单句语法填空①(2017·江苏高考改编)He'sbeeninformedthathedoesn't_qualify(not,qualify)forthescholarshipbecauseofhisacademicbackground.②BackfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinAfrica,Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismothertaken(take)goodcareofathome.③Itisreportedthataspacestationwill_be_built(build)onthemooninyearstocome.④Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirwayusing(use)thesunandthestars.⑤Expertsbelievethatpeoplecanwastelessfoodbyshoppingonlywhenitisnecessary.⑥Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.⑦Billsuggestedholding(hold)ameetingonwhattodofortheExpoduringthevacation.⑧Tomrefusedto_help(help)heroutoftrouble.二、直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态无需改变的情况1．当直接引语为客观真理、自然现象以及谚语、格言时。Ourteachersaidtous,“Failureisthemotherofsuccess.”→Ourteachertoldusthatfailureisthemotherofsuccess.2．当直接引语部分带有具体的时间状语时。Heintroducedtous,“Thesingerwasbornin1980.”→Heintroducedtousthatthesingerwasbornin1980.3．当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时态的时候。“Whereishereallyfrom？”Iwonder.→Iwonderwhereheisreallyfrom.4．强调所谈情况仍然存在。“Chinawilllaunchanothersatellite.”Thespokespersonannounced.→ThespokespersonannouncedChinawilllaunchanothersatellite.5．当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter等时。nThedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”→ThedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空①Hetoldmethatyouhad_stolen(steal)hismoney.②Theteachersaidthatlighttravels(travel)muchfasterthansound.③Idon'tknowwhenhewill_come(come)atall.④ShereportedthatthenextOlympicGameswill_be_held(hold)inTokyoin2020.⑤Marysaidthatshegets(get)upatsixeverymorning.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Tiringasitmightbe,themilitarytrainingisbelievedto_be(be)thebestopportunitytomakelifelongfriends.2．Wepromisewhoeverattendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.3．Hesaidhehadn't_seen(not,see)hisoldfriendsforalongtime.4．Theteachersaidthattwoplustwois(be)four.5．ThemomentIgothome,mywifeaskedmewhether/ifIhadbeentothehospital.6．Itisreportedthatmanypeoplediedinthatcaraccident.7．“Becarefulwiththedog，”saidhe.→Hewarnedmeto_be(be)carefulwiththedog.8．—Howdangerousdrunkdrivingis!—Yes.Weshouldtrytopersuadeourfamiliesandfriendsneverto_drive(drive)afterdrinking.9．Tomtoldhisteacherthathewas(be)bornin1988.10．Assoonashecomesback,I'lltellhimwhenyouwill_come(come)andseehim.Ⅱ.用下面括号中的动词把下列句子改成转述结构1．We'llclosecreditlinesifyoudon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideyouproduce.(threaten)→Theythreatened_to_closeourcreditlinesifwedon'treducetheamountofcarbondioxideweproduce.2．OK,youareright,somepoisonouschemicalsdidescapeintothenatmosphere.(admit)→Theyadmitted_thatsomepoisonouschemicalshadescapedintotheatmosphere.3．Whydon'tyoudropintonightaheadofyourmeeting?(invite)→He/She/Theyinvited_me_to_dropintonightaheadofmymeeting.4．Standupimmediately!(order)→He/She/Theyordered_me_tostandupimmediately.5．Youcan'tuseyourdictionariesduringthetest.(forbid)→He/She/Theyforbade_us_to_useourdictionariesduringthetest.6．Shallwehavepancakeswithhoney?(suggest)→He/She/Theysuggested_having/that_we_should_havepancakeswithhoney.7．Isthebusservicerunningaccordingtothetimetabletoday?(inquire)→I/He/She/They/Weinquired_if/whetherthebusservicewasrunningaccordingtothetimetabletoday.8．Thefireluckilycausednolossoflife.(report)→Theyreported_thatthefirehadluckilycausednolossoflife.单元语法项目(二)——被动语态语法图解探究发现①Thedebtmustbepaidoffbeforenextmonth.②Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.③Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.④Hehasnomemoryofhavingbeenpraised.⑤TheyaretoseetheconcertbeingheldinShanghaiatpresent.[我的发现](1)句①为情态动词的被动语态。n(2)句②③分别为现在进行时和一般将来时的被动语态。(3)句④⑤分别为动名词和现在分词的被动语态。一、谓语动词的被动语态一般来说，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态。动作的执行者一般由介词by引起的短语来充当(常省略)。被动语态由“助动词be＋过去分词”构成，其各种时态形式见下表：现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般式donedone进行式完成式hadbeendone　　注：情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliantman.(一般现在时)他被认为是个才华横溢的人。Thisbookwaspublishedin2016.(一般过去时)这本书出版于2016年。Anewrailwayisnowbeingbuilt.(现在进行时)一条新铁路正在修建。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.(现在完成时)这种事以前从未听说过。Thecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.(过去进行时)我们给他打电话时他在给猫洗澡。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.(过去完成时)他说这家工厂已经开张。Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(一般将来时)河上将建一座新桥。Theworkmustbefinishedatonce.(情态动词＋bedone)这项工作必须立刻完成。[名师点津]　(1)有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，当它们和well,badly,neasily等副词连用时，表示主语的内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动形式表示被动意义，这时不用于被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。Thissweaterwasheswell.(wash表示主语的性能)这件外套很好洗。(2)某些表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等，用主动表示被动，常接形容词或名词作表语。Itsoundsgood.那听上去很好。(3)表示运动变化的某些动词，如drive,change,move等，不用于被动语态。Thetrafficlightchangedgreen.交通灯变绿了。[即时演练1]　用所给词的适当形式填空①(2017·江苏高考改编)Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhewas_being_followed(follow)．②(2017·北京高考改编)Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphoneshadn't_been_invented(invent)yet.③(2016·北京高考改编)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswill_be_rewarded(reward)withsuccessintheend.④(2016·江苏高考改编)Moreefforts,asreported,will_be_made_(make)intheyearsaheadtoacceleratethesupplysidestructuralreform.⑤(2015·北京高考改编)—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.Wewere_treated(treat)wellbyourhosts.⑥(2015·福建高考改编)Tomydelight,Iwas_chosen(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.二、非谓语动词的被动语态1．构成非谓语动词的被动语态包括一般式和完成式。其构成如下表：非谓语动词一般式完成式动名词beingdonehavingbeendone现在分词beingdonehavingbeendone不定式tobedonetohavebeendoneThelittlechild'swishistobetakentoDisneyland.(不定式一般式的被动语态)这个小孩子的愿望是被领着去迪斯尼乐园。HerlatestbookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoChinese.(不定式完成式的被动语态)n她最新出版的书据说已被译成中文了。Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.(动名词一般式的被动语态)这只松鼠很幸运，它恰好逃脱了。Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourteachingbuilding.(现在分词一般式的被动语态)正在建的这座建筑物是我们的教学楼。Havingbeeninvitedtospeak,I'llhavetostartmakingpreparationstomorrow.(现在分词完成式的被动语态)因被邀请讲话，我明天就得开始做准备。2．不用被动语态的情况(1)need,want,require,beworth后面接doing时，表示的是被动意义。Yourhairneedscutting.(主动表被动)你的头发该理了。(2)不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，此类形容词包括：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.等。Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.(understand与thesentence构成动宾关系)这个句子容易理解。(3)不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义。Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein.(livein与room有逻辑上的动宾关系)她只有一间寒冷的房间居住。(4)在beto结构中的一些不定式。这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。这类动词有blame,seek,let(出租)等。Youaretoblamefortheaccident.(betoblame结构)你应该为这次事故负责。(5)过去分词本身表示被动意义，其没有被动形式。[即时演练2]　用所给词的适当形式填空　①Theairportto_be_completed(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.②ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeing_attacked(attack)intheSouthChinaSea.③Thismachineisveryeasyto_operate(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.④Having_been_asked(ask)toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulnfilm.⑤Theoldbuildingneedsrepairing/to_be_repaired(repair)．Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．Thepressconferenceisto_be_held(hold)tomorrow.2．Having_been_told(tell)manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.3．It'simpossibletoavoidbeing_affected(affect)insuchstormyweather.4．Thequestionis_being_discussed(discuss)atpresent.5．Hernewalbumsells(sell)wellandsherisestofameovernight.6．Thelittletreesrequirewatering/to_be_watered(water)everyday.7．Hesaidthatsomehouseshad_been_burnt(burn)downinthebigfire.8．Theroomseemsto_have_been_cleaned(clean)already.Ⅱ.句型转换1．Theyhadbuilttherailwaybytheendoflastyear.→Therailwayhad_been_builtbytheendoflastyear.2．Theyarewatchingthefootballmatch.→Thefootballmatchis_being_watchedbythem.3．Theyhavesoldoutthelightgreendresses.→Thelightgreendresseshave_been_sold_outbythem.4．ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.→AnEnglishsongwill_be_sungbythechildren.5．Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.→Metalis_used_formakingmachines.6．Hemademedothatforhim.→Iwas_made_to_dothatforhim.7．Heislikelytoletyoudown.→Youarelikelyto_be_let_downbyhim.8．Theymustdoitatonce.→Itmust_be_doneatoncebythem.GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperaturethat,innturn,leadstoclimatechange.Inthelastfewdecades,consensushasbeenreachedthathumanactivitiescausethechangewhichispreviouslyseenasbeyondhumancontrol.Asaresultofincreasedindustry,agriculture,thecuttingdownofforests,theincreaseintransportandtheburningoffuels,carbondioxidegasespumpintotheEarth'satmosphere,whichhasbeenspeedinguptheprocessofglobalwarmingandaffectingourclimate.Lookingahead,webelieveglobalwarmingcouldbeoneofthebiggestenvironmentalproblemsfacingthe21stcentury.Ifitisrelevanttoourlives,howcanweslowitdown?Thisisnoeasytask,however,andsomegovernments,forexample,theUSA'sfederalgovernmentexpressreservationsaboutwhetherglobalwarmingisreallycausedbyhumanbeing,fortheyaresimplynotpreparedtosacrificethemoneymadefromindustrytosavetheEarth.Butwhywaitaroundforthemtotakeaction?Expertsadvocatethateachpersonshouldplaytheirpart.Aslongaspeoplemakesmallchangesliketakingpublictransport,recyclingorswitchingoffthelightswhenleavingaroom,carbondioxidewillbelessandthefutureofourglobewillbebetter.全球变暖指的是地球温度的平均上升，这一上升反过来又促使气候发生变化。在过去的几十年中，人们达成的一致意见是：人类的活动导致了这一变化，而这一变化先前被认为是人类控制不了的。由于工业和农业的发展，森林的砍伐，交通运输日益频繁，燃料使用的增加，二氧化碳气体涌入大气层，这使全球变暖的进程在加快并影响我们的气候。展望未来，我们认为，全球变暖可能是21世纪人类所面临的最大的环境问题之一。假如全球变暖与我们的生活有关，那么我们如何减缓这一进程呢？然而这并非易事。一些国家政府，如美国联邦政府，对全球变暖是否真的是由人类引起提出了异议，因为他们不愿意牺牲由发展工业所挣的钱来拯救地球。但我们为什么坐等他们采取行动呢？专家倡议每一个人要尽一份力。只要人们做出一些小的变化，如乘公共交通、骑自行车或者离开房间时关灯，那么二氧化碳的排放就会减少，地球的未来就会变得更好。第一部分　听力　(满分30分，限时20分钟)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。n1．What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A．Oldclassmates.B．TravelersinEngland.C．Touristandguide.2．Howwillthemansendthemachines?A．Byship.　B．Byair.　　C．Bytruck.3．Whereisthemangoingtoplantthetree?A．Bythefrontdoor.B．Atthebackofthegarage.C．Attheotherendofthegarden.4．WhatdoesthemanadviseAlantodo?A．Goouttowork.B．ListencarefullytoJohn.C．Becalmandpatient.5．Whenisthemangoinghome?A．Intheevening.B．Intheafternoon.C．Atnoon.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6．Whydoesthemanwanttoeatout?A．Hewantstocelebratehisbirthday.B．Hehaswonabigprize.C．Hewantstohavesomerelaxation.7．Wherewilltheyhavesupper?A．Athome.B．Theplacethemanlikes.C．Theplacethewomanprefers.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8．Whyisthemannotcertainofthejob?A．Hiseducationisnotenough.nB．Othersaremoresuitablethanhim.C．Hedoesnothaveenoughworkexperience.9．Accordingtothewoman,whatisimportantforwork?A．Theabilitytoputknowledgetopracticaluse.B．Goodknowledgewithworkexperience.C．Strongwillandhardwork.10．Whatistheman'sopinionabouttheinterviewers?A．Theyhavegoodexperience.B．Theyareexpertsinthefield.C．Theyareknowledgeablebutproud.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Buyingbooksfortheircourse.B．Themoneyneededforthebooks.C．Sharingthebookswitheachother.12．WhydoesDr.Downswanthisstudentstohavethesefivebooks?A．Thesebooksarenotexpensive.B．Hewantshisstudentstoreadmore.C．Hewantstodiscussthemindetail.13．Howdoesthewomanplantosolvetheproblemsaboutthebooks?A．Shebuysthreeandthemanbuystwo.B．Shepaysthemanfiftydollarsforsharing.C．Theywillsharethetotalamountforthebooks.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14．Whatsubjectsdoesthewomanliketoapplyfornextyear?A．Economics.　B．Engineering.　　C．Science.15．What'sthepurposeofthewomantalkingwiththeman?A．Foragoodrecordofherstudiesthisyear.B．Forarecommendationofhim.C．Togetsomeadviceabouttherecommendation.16．Whatdothewoman'sparentsthinkofheridea?A．Theythinkitisagoodidea.B．Theythinkitisabadidea.C．Theythinkithasnothingtodowiththem.n听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17．Howmanypeopletookpartintheswimmingactivity?A．About300.B．Above3,000.C．About30,000.18．Whoorganizedtheswimmingactivity?A．Thelocalauthority.B．TheTourismAgency.C．TheSportsCenter.19．Whydidtheyorganizetheswimmingactivity?A．Tomakepeoplemoreawareofenvironmentalprotection.B．Togetreadyforaswimmingcompetition.C．TocelebratetheDragonBoatFestival.20．Whatcanweknowfromthe62yearoldswimmer?A．Theriverisn'tascleanasitwasseveralyearsago.B．Theriverwasverycleanwhenhewasachild.C．Heoftengoesswimmingintheriver.答案：1～5　ABBCB　　　6～10　CCCAB11～15　ACCBB　　16～20　ABAAB听力材料(Text1)W：Goodmorning,Hank.ItiswonderfultobebackinEngland.M：I'msogladtoseeyouagain.It'sovertenyearsnowsinceweleftuniversity.(Text2)M：CanIhelpyou?W：I'dliketoorderthemachineswetalkedaboutyesterday.CanIhavethemwithintwodays?M：Sure.I'llsendthembyair.(Text3)W：Whereareyougoingtoplantthetree?Bythefrontdoor?M：No,thatwouldbesilly.It'llgrowtoobig.I'mgoingtoputitatthebackofthegarage.W：Ithoughtitwouldbebetterrightattheotherendofthegarden.nM：Oh,no.(Text4)W：I'mreallyangryatJohn.Heneverlistenstome.M：Takeiteasy,Alan.Thingswillworkout.(Text5)W：Bob,areyougoingstraighthomeafterschooltoday?M：No,Ihaveaclassuntiloneo'clock,andafterthatI'mgoingtospendacoupleofhoursatthelibrarybeforegoinghome.(Text6)M：Hey,let'seatouttonight.W：Why?Youwonabigprize?M：Well,Ionlywanttorelax.W：Really?It'sveryniceofyou.M：I'lltakeyouanywhereyouwanttogo.W：Wonderful!(Text7)W：So,howdiditgo?M：BetterthanIhadexpected.W：Didn'tItellyouthatyouweremorefitforthejobthanothers?M：MyeducationisOK.ButIdon'thavetheexperienceofworkingonaprojectlikethis.Myknowledgeismostlytheoretical.ThatiswhyIamnotsosureaboutgettingthisjob.W：Ithinkwhatmattersisthatyouhavetheabilitytouseyourknowledgeinyourwork.M：Ihopemyinterviewersfeelthatway.W：Don'tyouthinktheydo?M：Idon'tknow.Allofthemareexpertsinthisfield.W：Don'tworry.Iamsuretheyshouldcallyou.(Text8)M：Didyouseethelistofbooksforthiscourse?W：Yes,Dr.Downssaidheexpectedustohavethefirstfiveonthelist.Heisgoingtodiscussthemindetail.M：Areyougoingtobuythem?W：Idon'tknow.Thesebooksareexpensive.AndIdon'thavealotofmoneywithnme.M：Howaboutsharingthemwithme?W：Soundsgood.M：Let'sdothis.Iwillbuythreeandyoubuytwoofthem.W：Iwouldratherdoitthisway:wepayfiftyfiftynow.AndattheendofthecourseyoucantakethebooksyoufindmoreinterestingandIwilltaketheonesIlike.M：Whatifwebothlikethesamebooks?W：Comeon,wearenotgoingtoargueoverthat.Arewe?M：Iwasjustjoking.It'sdefinitelyabetteridea.W：Thenlet'sgetthebooksassoonaspossible.(Text9)M：Goodmorning,Lucy.CanIhelpyou?W：Goodmorning,sir.I'dliketotalkwithyouaboutmystudiesforaminute,ifyoumay.M：Certainly,comeinandhaveaseat.W：Thankyou.Ihavearecordofmystudiesfromlastyear.Wouldyouliketoseeit?M：Yes,letmeseenow.Youarestudyingmathematics,aren'tyou?W：Yes,Iam.ButI'dliketoapplyfortheiradmissiontotheengineeringcollegenextyear.M：Isee.Haveyouaskedyourparentsfortheiradviceaboutthis?W：Yes,Ihave.Theythinkitisagoodidea.M：Well,yourrecordherehasbeenverygood.Idon'tthinkyouwillhavemuchtrouble.W：Ihopenot.Anyway,Iamgoingtoapply.AndI'dliketoaskyoutowritearecommendationforme,ifitisnottoomuchtrouble.M：Nottroubleatall.I'dbegladtodoit.Isthereanythingelse?W：No,sir,Ithinkthatisall.Thankyouverymuch.(Text10)Above3,000peopleswamacrossariverinGuangdongProvinceinamovetomakepeoplemoreawareofenvironmentalprotectionforthemajorwaterwayinsouthChina.Theswimmersincludingteenagersandeldersintheir60s,crossedthe450meterwidesectionofthePearlRiverinGuangzhou.nThelocalauthorityorganizedtheswimmingactivitytoshowthepollutiontreatmentachievementonthecountry'sthirdlongestriver,andmakepeoplemoreawareofenvironmentalprotection.A62yearoldswimmersaidthewaterqualityhadbeenimprovedinrecentyearsandnowcouldmatchthecleannesswhenheswamintheriverinhischildhood.Amasscrossingoftheriverwasonceheldinthe1970s,butformanyyearssincethen,ithadbeenimpossibleforalargegroupofpeopletoswimacrossitbecauseofheavyindustrialpollution.Guangdonggovernmenthasspenttensofmillionsofdollarscontrollingthepollutionbyshuttingdownormovingheavilypollutingfactories.第二部分　阅读理解　(满分40分，限时35分钟)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ASincethefirstEarthDayin1970,Americanshavegottenalot“greener”towardtheenvironment.“Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit，”saysBruceAnderson,presidentofEarthDayUSA.Butwhatbeganasnothingimportantinpublicaffairshasgrownintoasocialmovement.Businesspeople,politicalleaders,universityprofessors,andespeciallymillionsofgrassrootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement.“Theunderstandinghasincreasedmany,manytimes，”saysGaylordNelson,theformergovernorfromWisconsin,whothoughtupthefirstEarthDay.AccordingtoUSgovernmentreports,emissions(排放)fromcarsandtruckshavedroppedfrom10.3milliontonsayearto5.5milliontons.ThenumberofcitiesproducingCObeyondthestandardhasbeenreducedfrom40to9.Althoughseriousproblemsstillremainandneedtobedealtwith,theworldisasaferandhealthierplace.Akindof“greenthinking”hasbecomepartofpractices.Greatimprovementhasbeenachieved.In1988therewereonly600recyclingprograms;todayin1995thereareabout6,600.Advancedlights,motors,andbuildingdesignshavehelpedsavealotofenergyandthereforepreventedpollution.Twentyfiveyearsago,therewerehardlyanyeducationprogramsforenvironment.nToday,it'shardtofindapublicschool,university,orlawschoolthatdoesnothavesuchakindofprogram.“Untilwedothat,nothingelsewillchange！”saysBruceAnderson.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了环保意识在美国从无到有，逐渐增强，环保教育势在必行。21．AccordingtoAnderson,before1970,Americanshadlittleideaabout________.A．thesocialmovementB．recyclingtechniquesC．environmentalproblemsD．theimportanceofEarthDay解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Wedidn'tknowatthattimethatthereevenwasanenvironment,letalonethattherewasaproblemwithit”可知，1970年以前美国人对环境问题所知甚少。22．Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlycomefrom?A．Thegrassrootslevel.B．Thebusinesscircle.C．Governmentofficials.D．Universityprofessors.解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“especiallymillionsofgrassrootsAmericansaretakingpartinthemovement”可知，数以百万计的草根美国人才是支持环保的中流砥柱。23．WhathaveAmericansachievedinenvironmentalprotection?A．Theyhavecutcaremissionstothelowest.B．Theyhavesettledtheirenvironmentalproblems.C．TheyhaveloweredtheirCOlevelsinfortycities.D．Theyhavereducedpollutionthrougheffectivemeasures.解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段所列举的那些数字可知，美国人采取了有效措施，污染问题大为缓解。24．Whatisespeciallyimportantforenvironmentalprotectionaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Education.　　　　　B．Planning.C．Greenliving.D．COreduction.n解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容推断，环保意识教育至关重要。另外，“educationprogramsforenvironment”是提示。BItusedtobeoneoftheworld'smostsplendidtrainstations,sittingontheFrenchSpanishborder—butthenitfellintodisrepair.Now,writesChrisBockman,thebuildingisshowingnewsignsoflife.Thetrainstationwasbuiltinironandglass,completewithahospital,arestaurantandlivingquartersforcustomsofficersfrombothFranceandSpain.Atthetimeitwasnicknamedthe“TitanicoftheMountains”．Butafterthedaythestationwasopenedin1928bytheFrenchpresidentandtheSpanishking,flawsquicklybecameobvious.Therailgauges(轨距)weredifferent,sopassengersstillhadtochangetrains.Itmadetransportinggoodstooslow.Intheearly1930s,asfewas50passengersadaywereusingthestation.Andthenthingsgotworse.DuringtheSpanishCivilWar,thetunnelsontheSpanishsideweresealedofftopreventRepublicanrebels(反叛者)frombringingweaponsin.Later,theFrenchlostinterestintheline.WhenatrainderailedontheFrenchsidein1970,thatsignaledthatFranceabandonedtheline.Thegrandbuildingitselfwenttorot.Thetracksrusted,theceilingsfellinwiththeseverewinterweatherandvandalism(故意破坏财物的行为)didtherest.ButafewyearsagothelocalgovernmentinAragondecidedtobuytheplaceandrestoreit,claimingitwasamajorpartofSpanishhistory.TheFrenchgovernmenthasagreedtoreopenthelineonitssidetoo.Ifallgoestoplan,the“TitanicoftheMountains”couldbebackinbusinessbeforetheendof2022.Itisreportedthatthemassivewoodenticketcountersatthestationhavealreadybeenrestored.25．ThefollowingfactorscontributedtotheshutdownofthetrainstationEXCEPT________.A．itspoorappearanceB．differentgaugesC．theSpanishCivilWarD．slowtransportingspeed解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Therailgauges(轨距)weredifferent,sopassengersstillhadtochangetrains.”可知，轨距不同是造成火车站关闭的原因之一；根据第三段中的“DuringtheSpanishCivilWar,thetunnelsonthenSpanishsideweresealedofftopreventRepublicanrebels(反叛者)frombringingweaponsin.”可知，西班牙内战是造成火车站关闭的原因之一；根据第三段中的“Itmadetransportinggoodstooslow.”可知，运输速度慢是造成火车站关闭的原因之一。故选项A不是造成火车站关闭的原因，所以选A。26．Whenthetrainstationreopens,itmaycelebrateits________anniversary.A．52ndB．72ndC．94thD．89th解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Butafterthedaythestationwasopenedin1928”和第五段中的“Ifallgoestoplan,the‘TitanicoftheMountains’couldbebackinbusinessbeforetheendof2022.”可以计算出：2022－1928＝94(年)，当其恢复使用时可以庆祝其94周年纪念日，所以选C。27．Whatwillprobablyhappentothetrainstation?A．Itwillberepaired.B．Itwillbeturnedintoamuseum.C．Itwillbeknockeddown.D．ItwillbesoldtotheFrenchgovernment.解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段首句“ButafewyearsagothelocalgovernmentinAragondecidedtobuytheplaceandrestoreit”可知，几年前阿拉贡的当地政府要购买并且恢复该火车站。restore意为“使恢复，修复”，所以选A。28．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheDesignofaTrainStationB．TheWarBetweenFranceandSpainC．TheHistoryofaTrainStationD．The“TitanicoftheMountains”ComingBack解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据全文尤其是第一段中的“thebuildingisshowingnewsignsoflife”和第五段中的“Ifallgoestoplan,the‘TitanicoftheMountains’couldbeback”可知，选项D能够概括全文，所以选D。CTheAmericantravelwebsitecompanyTripAdvisorpublishesalistoftheworld'sbestbeacheseveryyear.Today,wearegoingtoexploresomeofthisyear'stop10beachesintheworld.1．BaiadoSancho,BrazilItisnamedasthisyear'sbestbeachintheworld.Itswateriscalmandclear.nItssandisfineandsoft.ButgettingtoBaiadoSanchoisnotsoeasy.ItisonFernandodeNoronha,avolcanicislandmorethan300kilometersoffBrazil'scoast.TravelersmusttakeaplaneorboatfrommajorcitiesinnorthernBraziltogetthere.Andnomorethan420visitorscanbeontheislandatonetime.2．GraceBay,TurksandCaicosWhileBaiadoSanchoisdifficulttogetto,TripAdvisor'ssecondrankedbeachcouldnotbemucheasierfortouriststoreach.Thisbeachhasimpossiblycleanandclearwatersandpurewhitesand.Itscalmwatersmakeitextremelysafeforswimming,snorkeling,orsimplyfloating.Onceonland,manyvisitorsenjoywalking—barefoot—forseveralkilometersonthesoft,warmsand.3．EagleBeach,ArubaTogettothethirdbestbeach,weheadsouthtotheDutchCaribbeanislandofAruba.LikeGraceBay,EagleBeachhasclear,calmwatersandsoftwhitesand.Itoffersvisitorsachancetotrydifferentwatersports,includingtubingandjetskiing.EagleBeachmaybebestknown,however,foritsdramaticsunsets.Onclearnights,theskyturnsred,orange,andpurple.4．PlayaParaiso,CubaThefourthbestbeachisPlayaParaiso,anislandoffCuba'ssoutherncoast.Ithasafun,laidbackrestaurantforthosewhowishtoeatanddrink.Thereislittleelseonthebeach.Andthatisexactlywhatvisitorslikeaboutit.Peoplecomehereforthesugarlikesandandcalmwatersfilledwithcolorfulwildlife.29．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutBaiadoSancho?A．Itreceivesthousandsofvisitorseachtime.B．Itcanonlybevisitedbyplane.C．ItisneartheBrazil'scoast.D．Itishardtoreach.解析：选D　细节理解题。根据题干关键词“BaiadoSancho”及第二段中的“ButgettingtoBaiadoSanchoisnotsoeasy...TravelersmusttakeaplaneorboatfrommajorcitiesinnorthernBraziltogetthere.”可知，BaiadoSancho比较难到达，所以选D。30．Wherecanvisitorsgoiftheywanttoenjoythebeautyofthesinkingsun?A．BaiadoSancho,Brazil.nB．GraceBay,TurksandCaicos.C．EagleBeach,Aruba.D．PlayaParaiso,Cuba.解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第六段中的“EagleBeachmaybebestknown,however,foritsdramaticsunsets.”可知，EagleBeach有令人印象深刻的日落，与题干的“enjoythebeautyofthesinkingsun”所表达的意思相一致，所以选C。31．WhatcanvisitorsmainlydoonPlayaParaiso,Cuba?A．Goboating.B．Havearelaxingdinner.C．Admirecolorfulsand.D．Trydifferentwatersports.解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第七段句子“Ithasafun,laidbackrestaurantforthosewhowishtoeatanddrink.”可知，在PlayaParaiso能够享用令人放松的晚餐，所以选B。DWhenthinkingofendangeredspecies,mostpeoplewillautomaticallyimaginethelargemammals:giantpandas,bears,rhinosortigers.However,therearehundredsofsmallerspecieswhofindthemselvesontheendangeredlist.Thetaskofpreservingthesespeciesandincreasingtheirnumberssufficientlytoremovethemfromtheendangeredspecieslistfallstocitizens;andfishhatcheries(孵化场)wouldseemtobeonesuchmethodtoachievethis.Theaimoffishhatcheriesinaidingendangeredspeciesistobreedindividualsinacontrolledenvironmentforreleaseintothewildinordertoincreasethenumberofindividualsinthenaturalpopulation.Therearetwotypesofprogramswithverydifferentfocuses.Anaugmentation(增大)programseekstoincreasethenaturalpopulationforcommercialuse.Thehatcheryfisharenotintendedforintegrationintothewildpopulation,andgenerallythefishthatarerearedinthehatcherybecomethebrood(一窝)stockforthenextgeneration,althoughstrayingdoesoccur.Breedingfishinthesehatcheriesusesalimitedgeneticpool,whichcreatesageneticdriftfromthewildpopulationandlimitsthegeneticvarianceofthecaptivebredpopulationincomparisonwiththewildpopulation.Programsthatarefocusedspecificallyonconservationaremorebeneficialtoendangeredspecies.Theseprogramsuseadultsfromboththenaturalpopulationandnhatcheryorigins.Thejuvenilesarekeptinaproperfacilitybeforetheyarereleasedintothewildpopulationtocontinuetheirlifecycleinconjunction(关联)withthewildpopulation.Thesehatcheriesarefocusedonthelongtermincreaseinthenumbersandthefitnessofthefishinsteadoftheshorttermboostinnumbers.Thereisaconstantneedformonitoringofthegeneticandecologicalimpactoftheprogramtoensurethatthehatcherybredfishdonotreplacethenaturalfish.Theresearchisstillongoing,andmoreisbeinglearnedabouttheimpactoffishhatcheriesonthenaturalpopulationandwhatcanbedonetominimizethenegativeeffects.Withanincreaseintheawarenessoftheeffectsofhatcheriesonthenaturalpopulation,morestepscanbetakentoreducethisimpactandtheconservationeffortswillimprove.语篇解读：本文是科普阅读文，介绍了濒临灭绝鱼类的人工孵化，通过孵化可以增加它们的数量，避免灭绝。32．Whatisthemainpurposeoffishhatcheries?A．Toincreasefishnumbersforcommercialuse.B．Toraisepeople'sawarenessofendangeredfish.C．Toincreasethenumberofendangeredfishspecies.D．Tohelpendangeredfishsurviveinthewild.解析：选C　细节理解题。从文章第一段最后一句“Thetaskofpreservingthesespeciesandincreasingtheirnumberssufficientlytoremovethemfromtheendangeredspecieslistfallstocitizens...”可知，人工孵化是通过增加濒临灭绝鱼类的数量，避免它们灭绝。33．Whatdoweknowaboutfishproducedfromaugmentationprogram?A．Theyareusuallyreleasedintothewild.B．Theybecomethebroodstockforthenextgeneration.C．Theyaremixedwiththewildpopulation.D．Theyareusedtoimprovegeneticpool.解析：选B　细节理解题。从文章第二段“...generallythefishthatarerearedinthehatcherybecomethebroodstockforthenextgeneration...”可知，增量项目孵化的鱼是作为下一代种鱼来储存的。34．Whatisthedisadvantageofaugmentationprogram?A．Strayingoftenoccursduringtheprocess.B．Itincreasesfishnumberstooquickly.C．Ithasalimitgeneticpoolofthefish.nD．Itcanharmthenaturalfish.解析：选C　细节理解题。从文章第二段“Breedingfishinthesehatcheriesusesalimitedgeneticpool...”可知，增量孵化时，所使用的基因库有限。35．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutprogramsfocusedspecificallyonconservation?A．Theyuseamorevariantgeneticpool.B．Theyarecarriedoutinanaturalenvironment.C．Theyuseonlyadultsfromnaturalpopulation.D．Theyproduceperfectnaturalfish.解析：选A　推理判断题。从文章第三段可知，第二种人工孵化使用人工培育的鱼和野外的鱼杂交，因此这种孵化方式所使用的基因库更多样。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Ecotourism__36__Itisanewtermintoday'stourismindustry.Butinanageofgrowingenvironmentalawareness,itisnottoodifficultforustoimagineandunderstandthisnewformofholiday.Ecotourism,whichisconsideredasakindofresponsibletourism,istypicallydefinedastraveltoplaceswherespecialandunusualplants,animalsandculturalheritagesarethemainattractions.__37__Therefore,programsconcerningtheprotectionofsomenaturalandculturalspotsalsoformapartofecotourism.Ecotourismisdevelopingatgreatspeed.AccordingtoarecentreportbytheWorldTourismOrganization,ecotourisminrecentyearshasenjoyedanannualgrowthofabout5%worldwide.__38__Theyincludebirdwatching,hiking,diving,photographyandtakingpartinvariouskindsoflocalculturalevents.Ifyoulovecommunicatingwithnature,conservingtheenvironmentorimprovingthelivesofpeoplethenecotourismisanexcellentwaytoseenewandexcitingplaces.__39__However,itlookslikesomesmallertownsandcountryareasmaywellbecomethenewdestinationsforpeopletovisittomorrowbecausetheyarerichinecological,culturalandhistoricalresources.Ecotourismhasbeengainingincreasingrecognitionandpopularitymainlyfortherelaxing,naturalandvividexperienceitofferstotourists.Peopleareattractedtonatureandlongtobeclosetoit.However,aconflictbetweennaturenandhumanbeingsisunavoidable.__40__A．Thedefinitionofecotourismisbeyondwords.B．Ittakesecologyandcultureintoconsideration.C．Youmaynotbeveryfamiliarwith“ecotourism”．D．Morethan80activitieshavebeenlistedforecotourism.E．Peoplecanhavegreatfunenjoyingnaturethroughecotourism.F．Bigcitiesarestillthemajorplacesthatattracttouristsinoursocietytoday.G．Howtoprotectnaturalresourceswhiletakingadvantageofthemisofgreatimportance.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章给我们解释了“生态旅游”的含义及其发展，并指出在发展生态旅游的同时，我们还要注意保护环境。36．选C　本段引出文章的话题，由下文中“Itisanewterm...understandthisnewformofholiday.”及全文围绕“ecotourism”展开可知此处选C。37．选B　由后一句可知，生态环境的保护和文化的保护是结合在一起的，故选B。38．选D　本段讲述生态旅游发展速度很快。空格后一句列出了几个生态旅游的活动，故选D。39．选F　后文讲述小城镇和农村地区也可能在未来成为游客的目的地，however表示前后为转折关系，根据语境可知只有F符合此处文意。40．选G　本段重点讲述了生态旅游越来越被人们所认可，但人和自然界之间的冲突是不可避免的，该冲突就是在保护自然资源和利用自然资源中产生的，故选G。第三部分　语言知识运用　(满分45分，限时30分钟)第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HereisastoryaboutayoungboyinNewYork.HeoncewenttooneofDr.JaneGoodall'stalksandlearnedaboutthe__41__expressionsofchimpanzees.Whenhesawapictureofachimpanzeeonaboxof__42__anditlookedlikethechimpanzeewasgrinning(咧嘴笑),theboy__43__fromwhathe'dlearnedatDr.Goodall'stalkthatthechimpanzee'slookwasactuallyoneof__44__.Theboy__45__tothecookiemakeraskingtotakethechimpanzee'spictureoffthebox.__46__receivingaletterbackfromthecompany,hesawthepictureofthechimpanzee__47__fromtheboxwithinjustafewmonths.n“Itook__48__，”theboynowsays,“andthecompanychanged.”__49__ithappenedthatthepicturechanged,theboyandhisfamily__50__itwashisdoing.Asthestoryshows,youngstudentshavemuchmore__51__toaccomplishchangethanwhat__52__maybelieve.Moreover,studentsoftenachievemuchmorethanwhattheyever__53__theywill.Thestoryalso__54__usthatsmallactionscanhaveabigimpact.Weoftentendtothinkabout__55__eventslikeCleanandGreenWeek.Instead,alotofsmallchangescanmakea(n)__56__.Ifthousandsofstudents__57__theirfamiliestoturnoffthetaptosavewater,movetheairconditioningtemperatureupadegreeortwo,drivelessandmakeotherenvironmentallyfriendlychanges,the__58__familymaychangeitsbehaviours.Withthesesmallyethighly__59__changes,studentshaveaneffectbeyondjusttheirownactions.Studentscan__60__byrealizingthattheirownactionshavemorepowerthantheymayexpect,andenvironmentalistscanbenefitbytakingthetimetofocusoneventheyoungeststudents.语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文，通过一个小男孩的环保行动说明在环境保护方面，孩子的力量不可小觑。41．A.frightening　　　　　B．facialC．spiritualD．naughty解析：选B　由下一段可知，讲的是大猩猩的表情，所以这里应是面部表情。42．A.cookiesB．drinksC．fruitsD．toys解析：选A　由第三段首句中的“饼干生产商”(cookiemaker)可知是饼干盒。43．A.heardB．realizedC．understoodD．worried解析：选B　凭他从Dr.Goodall的演讲中学到的知识，他认识到大猩猩的表情实际上不是喜悦的表情。44．A.joyB．relaxationC．excitementD．fear解析：选D　由下文内容他希望食品公司换这个图片，应是一种不悦的表情，只有fear“恐惧的表情”才属于这种。45．A.calledB．walkedC．wroteD．talked解析：选C　由下一句他“收到回信”(receivingaletternback)可知，他是给“饼干生产商”写了一封信说明情况。46．A.RegardlessofB．InsteadofC．ExceptforD．Alongwith解析：选D　在收到一封该公司的回信的同时，他还看到饼干盒上大猩猩的图片也不见了。alongwith意为“与……一起(一道)”，在本文中表达“除了……还有……”之意。47．A.disappearB．removeC．loseD．take解析：选A　食品公司听从了男孩的建议，把大猩猩恐惧的表情的图片换了，当然也就“不见了”。48．A.adviceB．controlC．actionD．comfort解析：选C　由前文可知，男孩采取了实际的行动。49．A.WheneverB．HoweverC．WhereverD．Whoever解析：选B　不管更换了图片这件事是如何发生的。however在此处为连词，意为“不管怎样”。50．A.acceptB．believeC．decideD．agree解析：选B　因为男孩采取了实际的行动，所以他和家人都相信这是他行动的结果。51．A.timeB．enthusiasmC．wisdomD．power解析：选D　power在最后一段出现，在本文中意为“影响力”。52．A.officialsB．teachersC．adultsD．teenagers解析：选C　在孩子实现改变方面的作用，本段作了两种对比说明：先是说比成年人所想的作用要大，其次比孩子们自己所想的作用要大。53．A.expectB．gainC．attemptD．arrange解析：选A　相对于实际的结果而言，讲的应是孩子们的期望值。54．A.remindsB．recommendsC．informsD．suggests解析：选A　这个故事同时提示我们：小行动会有大影响。suggest没有这种用法。55．A.socialB．bigC．newD．traditionaln解析：选B　参见上题解析。56．A.livingB．fortuneC．differenceD．effort解析：选C　相反，许多的小变化会有大作用。makeadifference意为“有影响，有作用”，与前面的haveabigimpact意义一致。57．A.convinceB．forceC．wantD．allow解析：选A　convincesb.todosth.意为“说服某人做某事”，符合文意。58．A.richB．largeC．commonD．entire解析：选D　由上面小男孩的例子可知，这里是说一个孩子的行为会使整个家庭的行为发生改变。59．A.peacefulB．hopefulC．impactfulD．faithful解析：选C　由上一段首句中的“smallactionscanhaveabigimpact”可知，这里是说这些变化虽小但非常有效，impactful意为“有影响的，有效的”。60．A.succeedB．benefitC．changeD．grow解析：选B　由“environmentalistscanbenefit”可知答案。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。JinHanmiao,afirstgraderfromChina,receivedareplyletterfromBuckinghamPalace__61____(recent)afterwritingtointroducetheChinaBritainexpressrailwayservice.Theletterisbased__62__the19dayjourneyofthefirstChinaBritainfreight(货运)train.__63__(see)thenewsofitsreturntoYiwu,Jin'smotherencouragedhimtowriteaboutitandthensendthelettertoQueenElizabethⅡ.Inhisletter,Jinintroduced____64__(he)andYiwu,aswellashishope__65__theQueenwouldappreciate__66__(tradition)Chineseculture.HealsoexpressedhisinterestintheU．K.,aftermentioningsomeBritishfamouspeopleandplaces,includingIsaacNewton,CharlesDarwin,andtheBritishMuseum.HethensenthislettertotheQueen.Jin'smotherhelpedtranslatetheletterintoEnglish,andsentboththeoriginalletterandthetranslationtoLondononMay8.Twomonths__67__(late),areplyfromnBuckinghamPalace__68__(receive).ThelettertalkedaboutthelivingandworkingconditionsoftheQueenat__69__earlyage,andincludedadetailed__70__(introduce)oftheBuckinghamPalace.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章介绍了中国小学生金汉邈给英国女王伊丽莎白二世写信，并在两个月后收到了来自白金汉宫的回信。61．recently　句意：在致信介绍中英高速铁路服务后，中国一位名叫金汉邈的一年级小学生，近日收到了一封来自白金汉宫的回信。根据句意可知，此处应用副词修饰谓语动词received。62．on　句意：这封信是基于首列中英货运列车19天的旅程(而写的)。bebasedon意为“以……为基础”。63．Seeing　句意：在看到列车返回义乌的新闻后，金汉邈的母亲鼓励他就此写封信寄给女王伊丽莎白二世。动词see与句子主语Jin'smother之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。64．himself　句意：在信中，金汉邈介绍了他自己和义乌，并且希望女王能够欣赏中国传统文化。本句中主语和宾语表示同一人，故要用反身代词。65．that　根据句子分析，空处后面是同位语从句来解释说明hishope，且从句中不缺少成分，因此用that引导同位语从句。66．traditional　根据语境可知，此处表示“中国传统文化”，用形容词traditional来修饰名词词组Chineseculture。67．later　句意：两个月后，(他们)收到了一封来自白金汉宫的回信。根据语境可知，寄出信之后两个月收到来信，later“之后”。68．wasreceived　分析句子结构可知，receive与主语areply之间是被动关系，并且事情发生在过去，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。69．an　句意：这封信谈到了女王幼年的生活和工作状况，同时还详细介绍了白金汉宫。atanearlyage“幼年”，early的读音以元音音素开头，前面应用不定冠词an。70．introduction　本空作include的宾语，应该用名词形式。第四部分　写作　(满分35分，限时35分钟)第一节：短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。n注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearBill，Howtimeflies!Iwentbacktoschoolandbeginmylessonlastmonth.ItwillbetenmonthsbeforeIattendtheCollegeEntranceExamination,thatmakesmeworried.IfailedpasstheEnglishtestlasttermbecauseofIhaddifficultywithit.Iwillnevergiveupanddeterminetogivemyselfthesecondchancetopassthem.Iwillaskmyteachersandfriendsforadvicesonhowtoimproveitandworkoutadetailedplan.Besides,Iwillmakefullyuseoftime.Doyouhaveanygoodideas?TellmeorIwillbegratefultoyou.I'mlookingforwardtohearfromyou.Yours，LiHua答案：第二句：begin→began第三句that→which第四句：failed后加to;去掉of第五句：the→a;them→it第六句：advices→advice第七句：fully→full第九句：or→and第十句：hear→hearing第二节：书面表达(满分25分)下表是对某中学高三(1)班50个学生健康问题的调查表。请根据表格内容，综述学生当前存在的健康问题，并就中学生如何保持身心健康提出自己的建议。问题类型学习焦虑逆反心理缺乏交流睡眠不足缺乏锻炼视力不佳人数352015402535比例70%40%30%80%50%70%注意：1.词数100左右；文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabove,manymiddleschoolstudentshaveproblemsbothphysicallyandmentally，　　　n　　　　Onlyinthiswaycanweleadahealthylife.参考范文：Asisapparentlyshowninthechartabove,manymiddleschoolstudentshaveproblemsbothphysicallyandmentally,with70%ofstudentshavinglearninganxietyaswellasbadeyesight,andalargerpercentagelackingsleep.Comingnextisthelackofphysicalexercise.40%ofthestudentssurveyedwon'tobeytheirparentsorteachers.Stillfewerclaimednottohaveenoughcommunicationwithothers.SofarasIamconcerned,westudentsshouldbalanceourphysicalexerciseandstudies.Justlikeasayinggoes：“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy，”withoutasoundbodyonecannotachieveanything;however,toomuchattentionhasbeenpaidonlytostudies.Therefore,Isuggestwebegivenlesshomeworkandmoretimeforoutofclassroomactivitiestosolvealltheproblems.Onlyinthiswaycanweleadahealthylife.