小学6年级英语教案：第1讲 特殊疑问词学习

小学6年级英语教案：第1讲 特殊疑问词学习

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级：六年级 辅导科目：英语 ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 特殊疑问句 教学内容 ‎1．掌握wh- 及 how引导的特殊疑问句的用法；‎ ‎2．灵活迁移阅读信息到写作表达中去。‎ ‎（TR可根据本次课的需要，选择不同的互动探究方法，如：预习、复习上节课内容、或通过案例分析、趣味故事进行新课导入）‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ 此环节设计时间在15分钟。‎ 第一次课，班级里有可能有新的学生，我们可以先进行一个调动课堂氛围的热身游戏。‎ 游戏名称：嘴巴手指不一样 规则：‎ ‎（1）学员逐一进行。‎ ‎（2）如：口念“嘴巴手指不一样——5”，然后出手指，不能和嘴巴口念的数字一样，如果一样就错了。‎ ‎（3）没有错误，就继续下去，有人错误可以累计或者施行处罚。‎ ‎（4）速度越来越快。‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ 此环节教案预期时间60分钟。‎ 1. 复习疑问词的用法，重点训练学生用英语问问题的能力。‎ 2. 特殊疑问句不是难点，可以侧重于一些易混点重点讲解与问答操练上。‎ 3. 可以采用学生之间相互提问的互动方式。‎ 特殊疑问句 I. 构 成：疑问词+一般疑问句 II. 疑问词： ‎ what who whose which ‎ when where why how how long how far how often how soon ‎ how many how much how old…‎ III. 解题步骤： ‎ 例如：对划线部分提问 ‎1. They are looking for bag. (对划线部分提问） →What are you looking for?‎ ‎2. There are twelve students. (对划线部分提问）→How many students are there?‎ V. 疑问词的选择：‎ ‎1.对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用what；关于what的其他疑问词：what color…‎ That is my new T-shirt. →What is that?‎ I am writing a piece of article. →What are you doing?‎ The shirt is light yellow. →What color is the shirt? ‎ 2. 对修饰名词的定语提出疑问，疑问词应用which，而且通常和名词连用。‎ The book on the second shelf is mine. →Which book is yours? ‎ The girl in pink is my classmate. →Which girl is your classmate?‎ ‎ The movie with many movie stars is my favourite one. →Which movie is your favourite one?‎ ‎ ‎ 3. 对指人名词或代词提问用who，作宾语时提问用whom。 ‎ That boy is my younger brother. →Who is that boy?‎ I gave that book to the boy next to me. →Whom / Who did you give that book to?‎ ‎   ‎ 4. 主代词和名词所有格提问用whose。‎ ‎ That computer is his friend Mike’s. →Whose computer is that?‎ ‎ I have lost my toy in Mr. Green’s home. → Whose toy have you lost in Mr. Green’s home?‎ 5. ‎① 具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning, last Sunday等，疑问词用when；‎ ‎ I finished my homework this afternoon. →When did you finished your homework?‎ ‎② 对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用what time。‎ I usually get up at 7:30 am. →What time do you usually get up?‎ 6. 对具体地点提出疑问，疑问词应用where。         ‎ I come from Canada. →Where do you come from?‎ Alex lived in his hometown during the winter vacation. →Where did Alex live during the winter vacation?‎ 2. 对表原因的从句提问，常见的有because引导的从句，疑问词应用why。‎ I am late for school because my bike broke down on the way. →Why are you late for school?‎ There won’t be a sports meeting because it is going to rain. →Why isn’t there a sports meeting?‎ I will get up early to catch the early bus tomorrow. →Why will you get up early tomorrow?‎ ‎8. 对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词How。‎ I like China very much. →How do you like China?‎ We can write something with ink. →How can you write something?‎ My father goes to work on foot every morning. →How does your father go to work every morning?‎ The boy made the cake by reading the cooking book carefully. →How did the boy make the cake?‎ ‎9. 对数量提出疑问，疑问词为How many，要注意how many必须跟名词的复数形式。‎ There are over thirty birds in the tree. →How many birds are there in the tree? ‎ I need some milk before I go to bed. →How much milk do you need before you go to bed?‎ ‎10. 对价格提出疑问，疑问词用How much。 ‎ That pen is fifteen yuan. →How much is that pen?‎ Ipad mini cost me nearly three thousand. →How much did ipad mini cost you?‎ ‎11. 对时间、长度提出疑问，疑问词应用How long。 ‎ The ruler is 20 cm long. →How long is that ruler? ‎ It takes me two hours to get to school. →How long does it take me to get to school?‎ I have stayed in Shanghai for over 3 years. →How long have you stay in Shanghai?‎ I have known him since I started working. →How long have you known him?‎ ‎12. 对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week等提问，疑问词用How often。‎ I go to school five times a week. →How often do you go to school? ‎ Students have vacations twice a year. →How often do students have vacations?‎ The Smiths go travelling every other year. How often do the Smiths go travelling?‎ 对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times等提问，疑问词用How many times。‎ I go to school five times a week. →How many times do you go to school? ‎ Students have vacations twice a year. →How many times do students have vacations?‎ 比较：对划线部分提问：‎ a) I usually go to visit my grandpa three times a month.‎ ‎ ‎ b) I usually go to visit my grandpa three times a month.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎13. 对距离提出疑问，疑问词用How far。(注意：对 ten minutes’ walk/ride等提问也用How far) ‎ a) It's about two kilometres from here to the country. ‎ ‎________ ________ ________ ________ from here to the country? ‎ b) It’s about ten minutes’ walk from my home to school. ‎ ‎________ ________ ________ it from your home to school?‎ 第一关：对划线部分提问—基础篇 ‎1. My father and I were waiting for the ferry.__________________________________‎ ‎2. We followed this man here.__________________________________‎ ‎3. He lives in New York.__________________________________‎ ‎4. I usually get up at six. __________________________________‎ ‎5. I live with parents.__________________________________‎ ‎6. We took the next ferry.__________________________________‎ 答案：1. What were you and your father waiting for? 2. Whom did you follow here?‎ ‎3. Where does he live? 4. What time do you usually get up?‎ ‎5. Whom do you live with? 6. Which ferry did we take?‎ ‎7. This sign means cars and buses mustn't turn right here.‎ ‎ __ this sign mean? What does 2. London held the first World Expo in 1851.‎ ‎______ did London ______ the first Word Expo? When…hold 3. That new blue car is my father’s.‎ ‎ __ is your father’s? Which car 4. Mrs. Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. ‎ ‎ __ Mrs. Turner ask her son ______ _______?  What did…to do ‎11. I'm going to take the shirt on the right.‎ ‎ __ are you going to take?       Which shirt 12. The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. ‎ ‎ __ the pupils having a picnic?   Where are 第二关：对划线部分提问—提高篇 ‎1. He goes to school on foot. _________________________________ How does he go to school?‎ ‎2. He has only one brother. _________________________________ How many brothers does he have?‎ ‎3. I like Jackie Chan’s films very much. ________________________________ Whose films do you like very much?‎ ‎4. The American spacecraft Galileo travelled and worked in space for 14 years. ‎ ‎_________ ________ did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space? How long ‎5. Xiao Cheng didn't go to the farm with us because he was ill. ‎ ‎_________ ________ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? Why didn’t ‎6. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater.‎ ‎_________ ________ did you pay for the sweater? How much ‎7. I've worked in that factory for two years. ‎ ‎_________ ________ ________ you worked in that factory? How long have ‎ ‎8. Danny likes Chinese food very much. ‎ ‎_________ ________ Danny________ Chinese food? How does…like 第三关：对划线部分提问—综合篇 ‎1. The eighty-year-old man looks happy and healthy.(对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎__________ __________ the eighty-year-old man look? How does ‎2. We hold our school sports meeting once a year. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎__________ __________ do you hold your school sports meeting? How often ‎3. She has been here since the beginning of last month. （对划线部分提问） ‎ ‎__________ __________ has she been here? How long ‎4. The young hunter made a fire to drive away the wolf. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎__________ __________ the young hunter make a fire? Why did ‎5. The lady by the riverside is over 80 years old.（对划线部分提问） ‎ ‎_________ the _________ of the lady by the riverside? What’s…age ‎6. The Olympic Games take place once four years. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎__________ __________ do the Olympic Games take place? How often ‎7. Mr. and Mrs. Black have already been to China three times. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎__________ __________ times have Mr. and Mrs. Black been to China? How many ‎8. The Shanghai World Expo will last six months.（对划线部分提问） ‎ ‎__________ __________ will the Shanghai World Expo last? How long ‎9. My father enjoys watching sports news in the evening. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎__________ does your father enjoy__________ in the evening? What…doing ‎10. The world turns its attention to the World Cup every four years. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_________ _________ does the world turn its attention to the World Cup? How often Reading ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ One day, Howard Kelly, a poor boy who was selling goods from door to door, found he had no money left. He was, hungry, so he knocked at a house (敲门)and a young woman opened the door. The boy was shy and only asked for a cup of water. But the lady was so kind that she gave him a large glass of hot milk.‎ ‎ Kelly drank it and then asked," How much should I pay you?"‎ ‎ "You don't need to pay," she replied. Kelly thanked her from the bottom of the heart.‎ ‎ Years later, Kelly became a doctor. One day, a woman was sent to his hospital. She had a rare disease. When Dr. Kelly met her in the ward, he recognized her at once--she was the woman who had given him a glass of milk. He swore to do his best to save his life.‎ ‎ The operation was successful, but the fee ( 费用 ) was high. After looking at the woman's bill, Dr. Kelly wrote something on it, when the woman received the bill, she didn't dare to look at the total fee. However, something on the side of the bill caught her attention(注意). She began to read the following words: Paid in full with one glass of milk. Dr. Howard Kelly Answer the questions: ‎ ‎1. Why did Howard Kelly knock at a house one day? ‎ ‎2. What did the lady give the boy?‎ ‎3. What was Kelly years later?‎ ‎4. Where did Kelly meet the lady?‎ ‎5. The lady didn't pay the operation fee, did she?‎ ‎6. What do you think of Kelly?‎ 答案：‎ ‎1. Because he had no money and he wanted to ask for something to eat. ‎ ‎2. A glass of milk.‎ ‎3. Kelly became a doctor.‎ ‎4. In a ward.‎ ‎5. Yes, she did.‎ ‎6. Aspiring, capable, candid, ‎ 此环节教案预期时间20（练题）+15（互动讲解）分钟。‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ 1． 规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；‎ 2． 相互交换批改，或通过优先选择等互动方式讲解练习，表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ 3． 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题，并订正在错题集上；‎ ‎1. I will stay with a friendly European family for two weeks. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ will you stay with a friendly European family? How long ‎2. Tina has dinner in a restaurant with her family once a month. （对划线部分提问） ‎ ‎_______ _______ does Tina have dinner in a restaurant with her family? How often ‎3. My parents go travelling abroad twice a year.(对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ do your parents go travelling abroad? How often ‎4. It’s about 3050 kilometres from Shanghai to Bangkok. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ is it from Shanghai to Bangkok? How far ‎5. Joan had a terrible dream about the Great wave last night.(对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎ _______ _______ Joan have a terrible dream about the Great wave? When did ‎6. Mum goes shopping in the supermarket nearby four times a week. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ does Mum go shopping in the supermarket nearby? How often ‎7. A dog will love you faithfully for many years (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ will a dog love us? How long ‎8. They go to the supermarket to buy some food and drinks for the picnic. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎________ ________ they go to the supermarket? Why do ‎9. I have lived here since I was born.（对划线部分提问） ‎ ‎_______ _______ have you lived here? How long ‎10. Arthur got money to pay for the bike by delivering newspapers every day. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ Arthur get money to pay for the bike? How did ‎11. The old lady has kept this vase since last year. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎ ________ ________has the old lady kept this vase? How long ‎12. China will continue to save energy and reduce pollution this year. (划线提问) ‎ ‎__________will China continue to __________ this year? What…do ‎13. This new Ipod cost him two thousand yuan. ( 对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎________ ________ did this new Ipod cost him? How much ‎14. We visit our grandparents once a month.（ 对划线部分提问 ） ‎ ‎_______ _______ do you visit your grandparents? How often ‎15. The Greens are going to stay in Los Angele for two weeks. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ are the Greens going to stay in Los Angele? How long ‎16. The new dictionary cost me fifty yuan. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎ How ________ ________ the new dictionary cost you? much did ‎17. It's twenty minutes' walk from Brown's home to the new cinema. (对划线部分提问) ‎ ‎_______ _______ is it from Brown's home to the new cinema? How far ‎18. I’d like to give you three wishes. (对划线部分提问) ‎ How _________ wishes _________ you like to give me? many would ‎（以学生自我总结为主，TR引导为辅，为本次课做一个总结回顾）‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ 游戏名称：Ask and Answer 准备道具：一个骰子，三枚小棋子 游戏规则：‎ ‎1). 每位同学各选一枚棋子代表自己，放在start处；‎ ‎2). 掷骰子来决定其所走的步数，走到每格都必须回答出格子里的wh-‎ ‎ question，回答正确才能停留在格子里，回答不正确则停留在原地不动；‎ ‎3). 每位同学轮流掷骰子，先到终点的同学获胜。在游戏中，老师可以根据学生的水平进行一些提醒和暗示。‎ ‎【教学建议】‎ ‎1. 规定学生在限定的时间内完成；‎ ‎2. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；‎ ‎3．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ ‎4．对本节课积分高的学生可以考虑相应减少作业量；‎ ‎5．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ A. 对划线部分提问。‎ ‎1. They are cleaning their classroom now. ‎ ‎_______ _______ they cleaning now? What are ‎2. He often has supper at home. ‎ ‎_______ _______ he often_______ supper? When does…have ‎3. I got up at six this morning. ‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ you_______ up this morning? What time did…get ‎4. He finished the book last Sunday. ‎ ‎_______ _______ he_______ the book? When did…finish ‎5. I didn’t go to school because I had a bad cold. ‎ ‎_______ _______ you go to school? Why didn’t ‎6. You’d better take the No. 3 bus. ‎ ‎_______ bus_______ I better take ? Which ..had ‎7. He’s feeling well. ‎ ‎_______ _______ he feeling? How is ‎8. The boy on the bike is my friend. ‎ ‎_______ _______ is your friend? Which boy ‎9. He comes to China once a year. ‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ he_______ to China? How often does come ‎10. They were drawing a horse when I came in. ‎ ‎_______ _______ they_______ when I came in? What were…doing ‎11. It’ll be windy tomorrow. ‎ ‎_______ will_______ _______ _______ _______ tomorrow? What the weather be like ‎12. The capital of America is Washington D.C. ‎ ‎_______ _______ the capital of America? What is ‎13. Hundreds of people died in the war. ‎ ‎_______ _______ people_______ in the war? How many…died ‎ ‎14. I’ve worked here for ten years. ‎ ‎_______ _______ have you worked here? How long ‎15. They went to the countryside with me. ‎ With_______ _______ they_______ to the countryside? Whom did go ‎16. She watches TV every night. ‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ she_______ TV? How often does watch ‎17. It’s about ten kilometers away from here. ‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ it from here? How far ‎18. The blouse cost two hundred yuan. ‎ ‎_______ _______ _______ the blouse_______? How much did cost ‎19. We often go out for a walk in the evening. ‎ ‎_______ _______ you often go out for a walk? When do ‎20. We have been good friends since I came to the US.‎ ‎ _______ _______ have you been good friends? How long B. Choose the words and expressions and complete the passage. ‎ When I was walking down the street the other day. I happened to find a small wallet 1 there. I picked up and opened it to see if I could find out the owner's name. There was 2 inside except a little money and an old photo — a picture of a woman and a girl about sixteen years old. The young one 3 the woman's daughter. I put the photo back and took the wallet to the police station. I handed the wallet to a policeman.‎ That evening I went to 4 with my aunt and uncle. They also invited a young woman. So there were four people at table. Her face was familiar. I was quite sure that we had met before, but I couldn't remember where I had seen her. 5 the talk, the young woman happened to mention (提及) that she had lost her wallet that afternoon. Suddenly I knew where I had seen her. She was the mother of the young girl 6 . She was very surprised, of course, when I was able to tell her about her wallet. ( ) 1. A. lie B. lain C. lying D. lay ‎( ) 2. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything ‎( ) 3. A. looked for B. looked same C. seemed to D. looked like ‎( ) 4. A. see B. have dinner C. visit D. spend holiday ‎( ) 5. A. In B. About C. During D. Between ‎( ) 6. A. at the police station B. on TV C. in the street D. in the photo C. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. ‎ We live in the computer age. People like scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do m 1 of their work. But more than 30 years ago, c 2 couldn't do much. They were very big and expensive. Very few people were i ‎3 ‎‎ ‎ in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and c 4 . B 5 they can do a lot of work, many people like to use them. Some people even have them at h 6 .‎ 答案: much, computer, interesting, cheaper, Because, home ‎ ‎【预习思考】‎ ‎6B U1 同步学习 Words.‎ ‎1. Asia 亚洲 e. g. -Where's China on the map? ‎ ‎ -It’s in Asia. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】Asian adj.亚洲的，亚洲人 ‎【百科小贴士】亚洲是世界第一大洲，它拥有世界上最高的山峰珠穆朗玛峰、最高的高原青藏高原、最深的湖泊贝加尔湖、最大的咸水湖里海和最大的半岛阿拉伯半岛。‎ ‎2. east (E) adv.在东方 e. g. Tokyo is east of Beijing. ‎ ‎【友情提示】E为east的缩写。又如south(S)在南方，west( W)在西方，north( N)在北方，north-east(NE)在东北方。注意中英文在表达方位时的差异：汉语说“东北”，但英语说north-east。又如north-west(NW)在西北方，south-east( SE)在东南方，south-west( SW)在西南方。用英语表达方位时，我们可以这样记忆：“南北在前，短横在中，东西在后”。‎ e. g. Bangkok is south-west of Shanghai. ‎ 注：North China: 华北 ‎3. exhibition n. 展览会；展览品 e. g. They are coming to the exhibition as my guests. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】exhibit v. 展示或展出 e. g. exhibit flowers at a flower show ‎ ‎ The young painter has exhibited his work in several galleries. ‎ ‎4. capital n.首都，省会 e. g. Beijing is the capital of China. ‎ London, Paris and Rome are capital cities.‎ ‎【知识拓展】capital n.大写字母 e. g. Write your name in block capitals, please. ‎ ‎5. kilometre n.千米；公里 ‎ 缩写形式为km。美式拼法为kilometer.‎ ‎1 kilometre=1000 metres，“kilo-”表示“千”。又如：kilogram公斤。‎ e. g. It is about 2,300 kilometres from Shanghai to Tokyo. ‎ ‎-What travels the fastest in the world? ‎ ‎-Light. It can travel about 300,000 kilometres a second. ‎ ‎6. information n.信息 e. g. information about education教育信息 ‎ My father usually reads the information about sports in the newspaper. ‎ ‎7. palace n.宫殿 e. g. -The Palace Museum was home of the emperor. ‎ ‎-It's now a public museum. ‎ Her house is a palace compared to ours! ‎ ‎【记忆链接】the Children’s Palace少年宫 ‎8. tourist n.游客；观光者 tourist是由tour(旅游；旅行)转化而来的。‎ e. g. The tourists are planning a round-the-world tour. ‎ You may go to the Tourist Information Office to ask the way. ‎ ‎9. million num.百万 e. g. The Sun is about ninety-three million miles away from us. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】hundred，thousand，million三个数词的用法 ‎(1)这三个数词在表达具体数字的时候没有复数形式。‎ e. g. three hundred三百 five thousand五千 ‎(2)这三个数词在与of连用表示成百成千时一定要用复数形式。‎ e. g. millions of 成百万的 ‎10. building n.建筑物 e. g. -This is our new building. ‎ ‎-It's beautiful! ‎ ‎【知识拓展】build v.建造 e. g. -What's the mother bird doing? ‎ ‎-She's building a nest for her babies. ‎ ‎11. huge adj.巨大的 e. g. -What a huge plane! ‎ ‎ -It can take 500 passengers.‎ The TV play was a huge success. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】small adj.小的 tiny adj.微小的 ‎12. famous adj.著名的 e. g. -Who is the most famous monkey in China? ‎ ‎ -It's Monkey King Sun Wukong! ‎ ‎-What is the most famous food in Beijing? ‎ ‎ -Of course, Beijing Duck. ‎ ‎【指点迷津】be famous for，be famous as的区别 ‎(l)be famous ‎ for除指某人的某种知识、技能或特征而出名（原因）以外，亦可以指以某种特产出名(for后的宾语是主语的所属)。‎ e. g. Tai'an is famous for Mount Tai. ‎ ‎(2) be famous as指某人以某种身份而出名（结果），或以产地或地名而出名（as后的宾语是主语的同位语）。‎ e. g. Chenglong is famous as an actor. ‎ Hangzhou is famous as a green tea producing place. ‎ Daily expressions. 日常表达 ‎1. by plane乘飞机 ‎“by+交通工具’’表示‘‘乘……（交通工具）”。‎ 注意在此结构中，交通工具前不加冠词a/an或the。‎ e. g. by bus/train/ship/underground乘公共汽车／火车／船／地铁 ‎【友情提示】课文中的by plane相当于by air, by ship相当于by sea。表示步行可用on foot。询问“乘……（交通工具）”，用How进行提问。‎ e. g. - How do you and Peter go to school every day? ‎ ‎-I go to school on foot and he goes there by underground. ‎ ‎2. two and a half days两天半 two and a half days=two days and a half，其中two and a half days中的half为形容词，意为“一半的”，two days and a half中的half为名词，意为“一半”。‎ ‎ e. g. one and a half hours=one hour and a half一个半小时 ‎3. in the past在过去；从前 e. g. - In the past, it took many days to send a letter. ‎ ‎-Yes. But it takes only a few seconds now by e-mail. ‎ ‎4. the Great Wall长城 它是专有名词，首字母要大写。专有名词表示具体的人、事物、专有机构或团体的名称。‎ e. g. Kate凯特（人名） Japanese日本（地名） New York纽约（地名）‎ ‎5. more than多于；超过 e. g. There are more than 20 students in our class. ‎ This skirt costs more than that one. ‎ ‎6. enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 enjoy（喜欢，享受）后面往往跟名词，代词以及动词的-ing形式。‎ e. g. Some people enjoy tea, while others enjoy coffee. ‎ Tom and Jerry enjoy living in the countryside.‎ ‎【友情提示】like，love和enjoy有同样的用法：like/love doing sth.喜欢做某事 e. g. Kitty likes/enjoys/loves eating tomato noodles. ‎ My grandfather likes/enjoys/loves doing exercice in the morning. ‎ ‎【知识拓展】动名词的使用 ‎(1)英语中动词加上-ing可以构成一个动名词。动名词有名词的特性，可以作为某些动词的宾语。如like eating，eat本身是动词，加上-ing后就成了动名词，是like的宾语。‎ ‎(2)动名词的构成一般是动词直接加上-ing，但要注意以下情况：‎ ‎①以重读闭音节结尾的单词，要双写最后一个字母再加-ing，如swim-swimming，shop- shopping。‎ ‎②末尾字母为e的单词，要省略e再加-ing，如ride+riding。‎ ‎③末尾为ie的单词，ie要改为y再加-ing，如lie+lying。‎ ‎(3)有些动词后面只能用动名词作宾语，如enjoy:有的既可以用动名词作宾语也可以用不定式作宾语，如like eating/to eat。‎ Important Sentence structures ‎1. Which city is the capital of…？‎ 此句用于询问“……（城市）是……（国家的）首都”。Which意为“哪个”，用来询问具体事物。‎ e. g. -Which city is the capital of China? ‎ ‎-Beijing is the capital of China.‎ ‎2. A在B的某方向的表达 ‎(1)若A、B两个地方不相连，常用如下表达方式：‎ Tokyo is east of Beijing.或：Tokyo is to the east of Beijing. ‎ ‎(2)若A、B两个地方相毗邻，则表达方式如下：‎ Jiangsu is on the north of Shanghai. ‎ ‎(3)若A、B两个地方是从属关系．则表达方式如下；‎ ‎ Shanghai is in the east of China. ‎ ‎3. How far is it from…to…？‎ 用于询问“从……（一个地方）到……（另一个地方）有多远？”。‎ How far表示“有多远”，用于询问距离。‎ e. g. -How far is it from Shanghai to Suzhou? ‎ ‎-It's about 96 kilometres. ‎ ‎4. How long does it take from…to…？‎ 用于询问“从……（一个地方）到……（另一个地方）需多少时间？” How ‎ long表示“多久，多长（时间）”，用于对一段时间的提问。回答时用句型“It takes somebody…(time) to do…”，意为“某人做……（事）需要花费……（时间）”。这里的“某人”，若使用人称代词，需用其宾格。‎ ‎ e. g. -How long does it take to travel from your home to school by bike? ‎ ‎ -It takes me about fifteen minutes.‎