中考英语专项复习 非谓语动词

中考英语专项复习 非谓语动词

‎（十）非谓语动词 ‎01 命题趋势 考标导向化 近几年对非谓语动词的考查主要是动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目的状语，动名词作主语、宾语、宾语补足语，及个别分词的用法。预计年中考对非谓语动词的考查，不定式仍是考查的热点。我们应该牢固掌握一些动词固定搭配的用法。‎ ‎02 定义 概念清晰化 非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。‎ ‎03 知识归类 知识网络化 ‎❶动词不定式 分类图解 功能 例句 主语 To speak English well isn’t an easy job.‎ 宾语 They decided to change their mind.‎ 宾语补足语 He helps the little girl to finish her homework every day.‎ 定语 He is always the first to come and the last to leave.‎ 表语 Our plan is to set up another middle school for the children.‎ 状语 目的 Every morning he gets up very early to exercise.‎ 结果 He returned home to learn his son had gone to the countryside.‎ 特例清单 ‎1.不定式作宾语 ‎(1)一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：would like，like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。如：‎ Would you like to see a film this evening?你今晚想去看一场电影吗?‎ ‎(2)在find，think后面接不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。如：‎ I find it easy to read English every day.我发现每天读英语很容易。‎ ‎(3)常见的一些不带to的动词不定式：‎ why not do…，had better(not) do…，would rather do，could/would/will you please (not) do…‎ I would rather stay at home.我宁愿待在家里。‎ ‎2.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：‎ Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.露西让他将收音机的音量调低。‎ tell，ask，want，allow，get，would like，encourage后面常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：‎ My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.我母亲鼓励我学日语。‎ 注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有：一感(feel)、一帮(help)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(look at，see，watch，notice)。但变被动语态时，必须加上to。如：‎ The boss made them work the whole night.老板让他们工作了一整夜。‎ ‎3.不定式作定语 ‎(1)不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。‎ ‎(2)如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。如：‎ There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。‎ ‎【题组训练】‎ ‎( )1.(2014·北京)My parents always tell me _______ more vegetables and fruit.‎ A.eat B.eating C.eats D.to eat ‎( )2.(2014·咸宁)—What would you like _____ for your mum on Mother’s Day?‎ ‎—A dress.‎ A.buy B.buying C.to buy D .buys ‎( )3.(2014·河南)—Do you climb mountains every day?‎ ‎—Yes，_______ a little exercise. I’m so out of shape.‎ A.getting B.get C.got D.to get ‎( )4.(2014·河北)Don’t forget _______ thanks when other people help you.‎ A.accept B.to accept C.say D.to say ‎( )5.(2014·漳州)—We don’t have enough money for our field trip. What shall we do?‎ ‎—The best way _______ money is to sell newspapers.‎ A.raise B.to raise C.raising ‎❷特殊结构的不定式 分类图解 结构 例句 too…to结构 She was too surprised to see how angry her father was.‎ not+不定式 The teacher told the students not to play soccer on the road.‎ 疑问词+不定式 作主语 How to solve the problem is very important.‎ 作宾语 He didn’t know what to say.‎ 作表语 The question is where to find the water.‎ for+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is necessary for us to learn from each other.‎ of+名词（代词的宾格）+不定式 It is very kind of you to help me with my English.‎ 特例清单 ‎1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。如：‎ To learn English well is useful.‎ ‎→It is useful to learn English well.‎ It’s important for us to protect the environment.‎ 注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。‎ It’s very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好啦。‎ It’s very clever of you to do like that.你那样做真是太聪明啦。‎ ‎2.不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：‎ The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生要做什么。‎ He didn’t know where to go.他不知道去哪里。(where to go=where he should go)‎ ‎【题组训练】‎ ‎( )6.(2013·广东)I always tell my students _____ on the road because it’s really dangerous.‎ A.not to play B.to play not C.not playing D.not play ‎( )7.(2013·黔东南州)—What senior school do you want to go,Li Hua?‎ ‎—It’s hard for me ________ a decision now.‎ A.do B.to do C.make D.to make ‎( )8.(2013·咸宁)It’s rather hot in the room. You’d better _______ the windows or the door.‎ A.close B.not to close C.don’t close D.not close ‎( )9.(2013·衡阳)My parents asked me _______ computer games.‎ A.not playing B.not to play C.not play ‎( )10.(2013·宿迁)It’s dangerous ________ a close look at the tiger in the zoo.‎ A.for us talking B.of us to take C.of us taking D.for us to take ‎❸动词-ing形式 分类图解 功能 例句 主语 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.‎ 宾语 I finished doing my homework.‎ 表语 The nurse’s job is looking after the patients.‎ 定语 She is reading in the reading room.‎ 宾语补足语 He kept the machine running for ten hours.‎ 状语 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.‎ 特例清单 ‎1.英语中一些词后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词有：finish(完成),mind(介意),be worth(值得),be busy(忙于),practice(练习),have fun(玩得高兴),feel like(想要),be used to(习惯于),consider(考虑),enjoy(喜欢)。‎ ‎2.主语+ be + happy(glad, pleased, angry, sorry, careful, ready等)+to do sth.如：‎ I’m glad to see you again.我很高兴再次见到你。‎ I’m sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我感到遗憾。‎ ‎3.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：‎ ‎(1)stop doing/stop to do stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事 ‎(2)forget doing/forget to do forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)‎ forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)‎ ‎(3)remember doing/remember to do remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)‎ remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做)‎ ‎(4)try doing/try to do try doing sth.尝试着去做某事 try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事 ‎(5)go on doing/go on to do go on doing sth.继续不停地做同一件事情 go on to do sth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事 ‎(6)allow doing sth./allow sb.to do sth.‎ allow doing sth.允许做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事 ‎(7)regret doing/regret to do regret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)‎ regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)‎ ‎(8)mean doing/mean to do mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算、想做某事 ‎【题组训练】‎ ‎( )11.(2014·长沙)—It’s getting cold. Would you mind_____ the window?‎ ‎—Of course not.‎ A.closing B.to close C.closed ‎( )12.(2014·梅州)Paul looks forward to _______ his pen pal as soon as possible.‎ A.meets B.meet C.meeting D.met ‎( )13.(2014·孝感)My old neighbor Charles enjoys _____ photos. He always goes out with his camera.‎ A.take B.to take C.taking D.took ‎( )14.(2014·曲靖) _______ vegetable juice is a good habit，which helps you eat a balanced diet.‎ A.Drink B.Drank C.Drunk D .Drinking ‎( )15.(2014·黄冈)—Grandpa has changed a lot.‎ ‎—So he has.He spends more time than he used to ______ games with the children.‎ A.play B.playing C.played D.plays ‎❹动词的过去分词 分类图解 功能 例句 表语 The door remained locked.‎ 定语 The building built last year is now a department store.‎ 宾语补足语 I heard my name called.‎ 状语 Heated water changes into steam.‎ 特例清单 英语中过去分词可作宾补(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：‎ She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态)‎ ‎1.过去分词用在get,have,make 的后面。‎ 注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：‎ A)表示“让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做”。如：‎ I have had my bike repaired.我已经请人把我的自行车修好了。‎ B)表示“遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受……影响，蒙受……损失”。如：‎ ‎ I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.上个月在公汽上我的钱包被偷了。‎ ‎2.“make+宾语+过去分词”,在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：‎ I raised my voice to make myself heard.我提高声音目的是让我自己被听见。‎ ‎3.过去分词用在感官动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to,feel,find等后面。如：‎ When we got to school,we saw the door locked.到学校时，我们发现门被锁了。‎ ‎4.过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：‎ The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.那个小偷被带了进来，他的手被绑在背后。‎ ‎5.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别:‎ 现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系，其动作与谓语动作同时进行。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系，其动作先于谓语动作。不定式作宾补:表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。如：‎ He didn’t notice me waiting.他没有注意到我正在等。‎ I heard the song sung in English.我听见这首歌被用英语唱了。‎ I saw him opening the window.我看见他正在开窗户。‎ I saw the window opened.我看见窗户被开了。‎ I saw him open the window.我看见他开了窗户。‎ I heard her sing the song in English.我听见她用英语唱了这首歌。‎ ‎【题组训练】‎ ‎ ( )16.(2014·咸宁)—Do you have any difficulty in ____ English?‎ ‎—Yes，but I try to make myself_____.‎ A.to speak;understood B.speaking;understand C.to speak;to understand D.speaking;understood ‎( )17.(2013·绥化)He wants to have his TV______ .‎ A.repairing B.repaired C.to repair ‎( )18.(2013·安顺)He often drinks two cups of ______ water when he comes back.‎ A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.boils ‎( )19.(2013·烟台)—Why do you speak in ____ loud voice?‎ ‎—Because I want to make myself _______ clearly.‎ A.such;hear B.so;heard C.such;heard D.so;hear ‎( )20.(2013·自贡)—When are you going to have your hair ____?‎ ‎—This afternoon.‎ A.cut B.to cut C.cutting ‎04 整合集训 反馈层级化 ‎( )1.David enjoys ____ music at weekend,but I prefer _____ for a picnic.‎ A.to listen;to go out B.listen to;going to C.listening to;go out ‎ D.listening to;to go out ‎( )2.—I really don’t know_____with this kind of problems.‎ ‎—You can ask the teacher for help.‎ A.what to do B.how to do C.why to do D.which to deal ‎( )3.—Do you often plant trees,Wang Lin?‎ ‎—Yes,we have ________ hundreds of trees.‎ A.plant B.planted C.plants D.planting ‎( )4.—We don’t have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together?‎ ‎—Ok.What about ______ a movie?‎ A.to see B.seeing C.to seeing D.sees ‎( )5.The boy is looking forward to _______ a good time after the exam.‎ A.to have B.has C.having D.have ‎( )6.—Mary dances best in our school.‎ ‎—I agree.I’ll never forget _____ her dance for the first time.‎ A.seeing B.to see C.see D.seen ‎( )7.It took my daughter two weeks to read the novels ______ by Yang Hongying.‎ A.write B.writes C.wrote D.written ‎( )8.—Your spoken English is much better than before.‎ ‎—Thank you.Our teacher often asks us ______ English as much as possible.‎ A.to speak B.not to speak C.speak D.not speak ‎( )9.Tom often makes his brother ______ but yesterday he was made _______ by his brother.‎ A.cry;to cry B.to cry;cry C.cry;cry D.to cry;to cry ‎( )10.—We can use QQ to chat with each other online.‎ ‎—Really?Could you please show me _______ it?‎ A.when to do B.why to do C.how to do D.what to do ‎( )11.—Do you like going shopping on Sundays?‎ ‎—No,I would rather _______ books at home ______ than shopping.‎ A.to read;go B.read;to go C.read;go D.to read;to go ‎( )12.When he saw a ticket on the ground, he stopped ______.‎ A.to pick it up B.picking it up C.to pick up it D.pick up it ‎( )13.We have two rooms ,but I can’t decided ______.‎ A.to live;to choose which one B.lived;choose which one C.to live in;which one to choose D.live in;which one ‎( )14.—What should I do,doctor?‎ ‎—______ healthy, you should take exercise more and eat meat less.‎ A.Keep B.Keeping C.To keep D.Kept ‎( )15.—Don’t forget _____ the door of the meeting room when you leave.‎ ‎—Sure.‎ A.to lock B.locking C.lock D.locks ‎( )16.Would you mind not ________ here? I’m doing my homework.‎ A.sing B.singing C.sings D.to sing ‎( )17.No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep _____ until we make it.‎ A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying ‎( )18.We agreed ____ here but so far she hasn’t appeared yet.‎ A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.meet ‎( )19.—Where are the twins?‎ ‎—I saw them ______out for a walk just now.‎ A.going B.to go C.gone D.went ‎( )20.—Do you still remember _____ me somewhere in Shanghai?‎ ‎—Yes,of course.Two years ago.‎ A.to see B.see C.seeing D.saw ‎( )21.Aunt Li often asks her son _______ too much meat. It’s bad for his health.‎ A.don’t eat B.not to eat C.not eat D.to not eat ‎( )22.There are no differences between the two words.I really don’t know_____ .‎ A.what to choose B.which to choose C.to choose which D.to choose what ‎( )23.—What about going swimming with me?‎ ‎—Sorry.I have a lot of homework______ .‎ A.to do B.done C.do D.be done ‎( )24.It is said that to teach a man fishing is better than ______ him fish.‎ A.give B.giving C.to give D.gives ‎( )25.—Mum,I’m hungry.‎ ‎—What about going to McDonald’s ______ fried chicken?‎ A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.and eat 参考答案：‎ ‎(十)非谓语动词 题组训练 ‎1—5DCDDB6—10ADDBD11—15ACCDB ‎16—20DBCCA 整合集训 ‎1—5DABBC6—10ADAAC11—15CACCA ‎16—20BDCAC21—25BBACB