【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十三讲 主谓一致 原卷

【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十三讲 主谓一致 原卷

‎ ‎ ‎【备考2019】英语3年中考2年模拟专题复习学案第十三讲 主谓一致 原卷 主谓一致是中考英语的重要语法项目之一，从近年来中考的试题来看，中考主谓一致方面的考题主要考知识的记忆情况。考查主谓一致的常见题型有单项选择，完型填空等。做这类题时，必须找出句子的真正主语，然后根据记忆的知识作出判断。同时，要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。‎ 知识梳理 思维导图记知识 ‎ ‎ 主谓一致概述：‎ 谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。‎ ‎1. 语法一致的原则 ‎(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：‎ ‎　　He goes to school early every morning.‎ ‎　　The children are playing outside.‎ ‎　　To work hard is necessary for a student.‎ ‎　　(2)由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ ‎　　Both he and I are right.‎ ‎　　Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.‎ ‎　　但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.‎ ‎　　The poet and writer has come.‎ ‎　　(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：‎ ‎　　In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.‎ ‎　　Each man and each woman is asked to help.‎ ‎　　(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.‎ ‎　　Nobody but two boys was late for class.‎ ‎　　Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.‎ ‎　　(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：‎ ‎　　A lot of people are dancing outside.‎ ‎　　The police are looking for lost boy.‎ ‎　　(6)由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　Is everybody ready?‎ ‎　　Somebody is using the phone.‎ ‎　　(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：‎ ‎　　Where are my shoes? I can’t find them.‎ ‎　　Your trousers are dirty. You’d better change them.‎ ‎　　如果这类名词前用了a pair of等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：‎ ‎　　Here are some new pairs of shoes.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　My new pair of socks is on the bed.‎ ‎　　2. 意义一致的原则 ‎　　(1)表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　Twenty years is not a long time.‎ ‎　　Ten dollars is too dear.‎ ‎(2)有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如：‎ ‎　　My family is big one.‎ ‎　　My family are watching TV.‎ ‎　　(3)不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　All of the work has been finished.‎ ‎　　All of the people have gone.‎ ‎　　(4)疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　Who is your brother?‎ ‎　　Who are League members?‎ ‎　　(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以of后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　It is said that 35 per cent of the doctors are women.‎ ‎　　Three -fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.‎ ‎　　(6)half, the rest等表示不定数量的名词作主语时，如果所指为复数意义，动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义，动词用单数。例如：‎ ‎　　I have read a large part of the book, the rest is more difficult.‎ ‎　　Only ten students attended the class because all the rest were off sick.‎ ‎　　(7)由what 引导地主于从句作主语时，通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：‎ ‎　　What she said is correct.‎ ‎　　What she left me are a few old books.‎ ‎　　(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果这种主语指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：‎ ‎　　The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.‎ ‎　　The dead is a famous person.‎ ‎　　3. 邻近一致的原则 ‎　　(1)由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。例如：‎ ‎ ‎ ‎　　Either you or I am right.‎ ‎　　Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.‎ ‎　　(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。‎ ‎　　There are two apples and one egg in it.‎ ‎　　(3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。‎ ‎　　He as well as I is responsible for it.‎ ‎　　不但是我，他对这件事也有责任。‎ ‎　　(4)以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。‎ ‎　　Here is a letter and some books for you.‎ 考点突破 考点一：由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 ‎ ‎【典例1】(2018·江苏泰州) 5. Neither Jim nor Tom ______ Australia before, but they know the country very well.‎ A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查主谓一致和been to与gone to的区别。句意：吉姆和汤姆以前都没去过澳大利亚，但他们对这个国家很了解。neither…nor…连结主语时，谓语动词根据“就近原则”确定适当形式，主语Tom提示谓语助动词用has，下文but引导的转折句意提示用has been to表示“去过”。故选B。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1.（2018 湖南郴州）8. ---I saw Tom's father bought lots of books yesterday.‎ ‎---That's not strange. Not only Tom but also his father _______reading.‎ A. enjoy B. enjoys C. enjoyed ‎（ ）2.(2018·贵州贵阳)40. We all know that one of the world’s most popular sports ______ football. ‎ A. am B. is C. are ‎ 3. ‎（ ）Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.  A. nor I am               B. nor I are   C. or me are              D. or me is 考点二： the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。 ‎ ‎【典例2】(2018·贵州六盘水)32. The number of the students ______ over 2000 in our school.‎ A. is B. are C. he D. Were ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎ ‎【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在我们学校学生的数量超过2000。the number of意为“……的数量”，作主语是，谓语动词用单数。故选A。‎ 举一反三 ‎（ ）1.(2018·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)10. A number of visitors________ visiting the West Lake and the number of the visitors_________ increasing.‎ A. are, is B. is, are C. are, are ‎（）2..(2017·内蒙古包头)2．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头) A. are a number of deer    B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer    D. is a number of deers ‎（ ）3．.(2018甘肃白银)The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.   A. student, is　　　　  B. the students, are  C. the students, is　　　　 D. students, are （ ）4. The number of the students in our class _____ 54.   A. is     B. are      C. has      D. have 考点三：and连接的两个单数名词作主语。‎ ‎【典例】 (2018陕西西安)Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. ‎ A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted ‎[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念，去掉B、D项；trees and flowers表达复数意义，所以选C项。‎ ‎【答案】C 举一反三 ‎（ ）(2018天津)1.A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.        A．is offered      B．has offered    C．are offered      D．have offered （ ）(2018常德)2．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．        A．is not decided   B．are not decided   C．has not decided   D．have not decided 考点四：表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时，谓语动词用单数。 ‎ ‎【典例4】 (2018烟台)---How much ________the shoes?--Five dollars_________ enough． ‎ A．is；is B are；is C．are；are D．is；are ‎[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式；five dollars是一个整体，应按单数对待。 ‎ ‎【答案】B 举一反三 1. ‎（ ）How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. ‎ A. have B. has C. is D. are ‎（ ）2. (2017·四川宜宾·27)Two months________ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the ‎ ‎ ‎ vacation.‎ A. am　　　　B. is　　　　C. are 考点五：就近原则 ‎（ ）(2018宜昌)-There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?--All right, Mum.‎ A. is B. are C. was D. were ‎[解析]本题考查"there be”句型中be的数及时态，be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词，所以be应使用单数形式，B、D两项可以排除。 ‎ ‎【答案】A 举一反三 ‎（ ）(2017临沂市)1.Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China．‎ A．will visit B. has visited C．have visited D ．visited ‎（ ）(2017潍坊)2.Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. ‎ A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both ‎（ ）3. (2017·贵州铜仁·27)—What's in the picture?‎ ‎—There________a teacher and some students playing games on the playground.‎ A. is B. are C. has D. have 真题在线 ‎（ ）1.(2018·贵州安顺) 27. — ________ there anything new in today’s Qianzhong Morning Daily?‎ ‎—No. But there some inspiring stories worth reading.‎ A. Is; is B. Are; are C. Is; are D. Are; is ‎（ ）2.(2018·内蒙古呼和浩特)14. Mary ______ is my friend, as well as her sisters, _______ Chinese in China.‎ A. that; are studying B. which; have studied C. who; study D. who; studies ‎ ‎（ ）3.(2017·四川凉山)37. —There ______ a party tomorrow evening. Would you like to go with me? ‎ ‎—I’d love to. ‎ A. is B. has C. is going to have D. is going to be ‎ ‎（ ）4.(2017·四川宜宾)24. There________a basketball match in our school this afternoon.‎ A. will have B. will be C. is going to have ‎（ ）5.（2017·青海）26. There ______ a volleyball game between China and Brazil on TV this evening.‎ ‎ ‎ A. is B. was C. will be ‎（ ）6.(2017•江苏镇江)3.—Do you enjoy the songs sung by Jay Chou?‎ ‎—Of course. Not only I but also my parents his fans.‎ A. am B. are C. was D. were ‎（ ）7. (2017·内蒙古呼和浩特·14)Mary，________ is my friend，as well as her sisters，________ Chinese in China.‎ A. that；are studying B. which；have studied C. who；study D. who；studies ‎（ ）8.（2016·青海）How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.   A. have      B. has      C. is      D. are ‎（ ）9.（2016·重庆）Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another． A．is        B．are      C．am       D．be （ ）10．（2016·武汉）The number of people invited __fifty， but a number of them ______absent for different reasons．          A．were，was      B．was, was     C．was，were      D．were．were ‎（ ）11.（2016·达州）Between the two buildings __________a monument． A．is standing    B．standing      C．stands       D．stand （ ）12．（2016·滨州）Many a student ___that mistake before. A．had made      B．has been made    C．have made      D． has made （ ）13．（2016·东营）None of the money ____his． A．is        B．are       C．belongs       D．were （ ）14．（2016·沈阳）About three—fifths of the work ________done yesterday． A．had       B．was      C．were       D．have ‎（ ）15．（2016·温州） Neither your sister nor mine _______the good news．Let's tell them．      A．know       B knows       C．knew 模拟演练 ‎（ ）1.(2018•四川攀枝花模拟)31. One great thing about Singapore, unlike most other Asian countries, ______ that the temperature is almost the same all year round.‎ A.are B. is C. was D. were ‎（ ）2.(2018·湖南长沙模拟) 26. Not only my parents but also my sister crazy about the TV play in the name of People.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ A. is B. are C. have been ‎（ ）3.(2018·湖南益阳模拟) 26. The number of people in the city ______ about seven million now. ‎ A. are B. has C. is ‎（ ）4. (2017·湖北恩施·31模拟)Three years ________ and we've made so many friends during our junior school.‎ A. has passed B. has past C. have passed ‎ ‎（ ）5.(2017·天津模拟)There _____ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.‎ A.is B. aren’t C. isn’tD. Are ‎（ ）6. (2017·河南模拟)---These bananas look different and they are sweet.‎ ‎---Right. They ______ here from Taiwan yesterday.‎ A.was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought ‎（ ）7. (2017·福建模拟)The Olympic Games _______ held every______ years.‎ A. is，four B. are，four C. is，five D. are，five ‎（ ）8. (2017·河北模拟)Look, here come some _______.‎ A. dog B. horse C. deer D. cow ‎（ ）9.(2017·宜昌模拟) The injured in the tsunami _____ good care of by some medical teams.‎ A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken ‎（ ）10.(2017·云南二模)About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south; the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries.‎ A. are; is B. is; is C. is; are D. are; are ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎