初中英语语法第11集 名师讲解 配套练习题

初中英语语法第11集 名师讲解 配套练习题

初中英语语法English Grammar 第十九章 书面表达（Writing）‎ ‎ 中考作文评分标准：‎ 结构+要点+逻辑+语法+亮点 1. 　结构：中考最流行的结构就是三段式， “观点——要点——总结”‎ 第一段：简单明了，开门见山，不超过2句话 第二段：分2-3点说为什么 第三段：经过第二段的论证，可以得出结论。但请注意，不能完全照抄第一段，要有升华。也可以提出希望和建议等 ‎ 2.　要点：实际上中考英语写作就等于两个字，翻译！因为中考英语写作一般会给出几个要点，要求必须在文章中有所体现。文章写的再好，只要缺少要点就会扣分。所以要点，也就是文章的第二段内容，要做到全，围绕中心。‎ ‎3.逻辑：这里的逻辑实际指的就是逻辑词。最常用的就是表示递进的，转折的，总结的逻辑词等。递进：除了first, second, third, finally 等还可以使用高级点的，如first of all(首先)，in addition, what's more, moreover(都是另外的意思)，in a word, all in ‎ all（表示总结的）。转折：but, yet, however等。真正有经验的阅卷老师会很注意这些逻辑连接词，因为这些词体现了这个文章的思路。‎ ‎4.语法：其他几点都不是硬性的要求，不那样做不能说是错，只能说是不好，但是语法却是硬性的。如，单词的使用，时态等 ‎5.亮点：当我们将前八个字都做得很完美的时候也只能得到一个二等文的上。要想得到一等文，最后两个字，亮点至关重要。大家设想如果我们是阅卷老师。有两篇写人美丽的作文摆在我们面前，都是结构清晰的三段式，要点都很全，都用了一些逻辑词，都没有语法错误，但是A篇只用了beautiful,good-looking,B篇却用到了attractive，charming，catching等，我坚信正常人都会给B篇高分的。这些高级一点的词汇，词组，句型便是我们得到一等文的最有力的绝招。所以，以后写英语作文要养成一般词汇限量用的好习惯。‎ 中考作文常犯错误：‎ 句子中只能出现以下谓语结构 ‎1、行为动词（表示动作和状态的词）原形  单三  过去式 2、系动词+表语（形容词为主） feel/taste/smell/look/sound+形 be+形/名/介短/数 get/turn/become+形（名） keep+形 3、情态动词+行为动词原形 can/may/must/need(not)+v 4、助动词+行为动词 be+ving do not/does not/did not/+v have/has/had+过去分词 be+过去分词（被动语态） will/would/be going to+v原 在句中真正理解五种简单名结构 1、主语+不及物动词 2、主语+及物动词+宾语 3、主语+系动词+表语 4、主语+及物动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） 5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语的补足语 ‎ 中考作文万能首句 ‎1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……‎ There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ___‎ ‎2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，‎ 它在许多场合仍然适用。 ‎ There is an old saying______. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. ‎ ‎3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。‎ ‎ ‎ Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.‎ ‎4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。‎ Nowadays，it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides，______. ‎ ‎5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。‎ Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. ‎ ‎6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… ‎ People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7.…已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。‎ ‎ has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. ‎ ‎8.…在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。‎ ‎ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well ‎9.人类正面临着一个严重的问题…，这个问题变得越来越严重。‎ Man is now facing a big problem () which is becoming more and more serious.‎ ‎10.如今，人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...。‎ Nowadays，it is generally/commonly believed that..., but I wonder that...‎ ‎11.如同硬币的正反面，...也有积极的一面和消极的一面。‎ Like a coin has two sides, there is a positive aspect and a negative aspect to...‎ ‎12.近来，...的问题已经成为人们注目的焦点。”  ‎ Currently, the issue of ...has been brought to public attention ‎13.随着...的快速增长，...在日常生活中已经变得越来越重要。‎ Along with the rapid growth of ...,...has become increasingly important in our daily ‎14.由汽车(或xx）引起的空气和噪音污染对我们的健康造成了危害。”‎ Air pollution and noise pollution caused by automobiles do harm to our health.‎ ‎2014年中考英语写作常用模板（题型版）‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．‎ ‎１． 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．‎ ‎２． 分析并举例使其更充实．‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 ‎１． 问题现状 ‎２． 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点）‎ In recent days， we have to face I problem-----A， which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------（说明Ａ的现状）．Second， ---------------（举例进一步说明现状）‎ Confronted with A， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------（解决方法一）。 For another -------------（解决方法二）。 Finally， --------------（解决方法三）。‎ Personally， I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）。 Consequently， I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------（带来的好处）。‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）‎ ‎１． 说明事物现状 ‎２． 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）‎ ‎３． 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally， its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------（Ａ的优点之一）。 Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）。‎ But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------（Ａ的第一个缺点）．To make matters worse，------------------（Ａ的第二个缺点）．‎ Through the above analysis， I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore， I would like to ---------------（我的看法）．‎ ‎（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A， we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way， ---------------（对前景的预测）．）‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：议论文的框架 ‎（1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）‎ There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows： in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore， in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.‎ People，　however，　differ　in　their 　opinions　on　this　matter.　Some　people　hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view， on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore， there　is no　doubt　that ___观点二______.‎ As far as I am concerned， I　firmly　support　the　view　that __观点一或二______.　It　is not only because ________， but also because _________. The more _______， the more ________.‎ ‎（2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays， there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文题目______. In fact， there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____. Generally speaking， it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly， ___优点一______. And secondly ___优点二_____.‎ Just As a popular saying goes， “every coin has two sides”， __讨论议题______ is no exception， and in another word， it still has negative aspects. To begin with， ___缺点一______. In addition， ____缺点二______.‎ To sum up， we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play， and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case， we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.‎ as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in　the　table（graph/picture/pie/chart）， ___作文题目的议题_____ has been on rise/ decrease （goesup/increases/drops/decreases），significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing ‎ from______ in _______ to ______ in _____. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart， it goes without saying that ________.‎ There　are　at　least　two　good　reasons accounting for ______. On　the　one　hand， ________. On　the　other　hand，　_______ is　due　to　the　fact　that ________.　In　addition， ________ is　responsible　for _______.　Maybe　there　are　some　other　reasons　to　show ________.　But　it　is　generally　believed　that　the　above　mentioned　reasons　 are　commonly convincing.‎ As　far　as　I　am　concerned，　I hold the point of view that _______. I　am　sure　my　opinion　is　both　sound　and　well-grounded.‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：现象说明文 ‎（新中国成立以来发生了翻天覆地的变化，）‎ Recently _______，what amazes us most is______________，it is ture that__________.‎ There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.‎ what is more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.‎ Considering all there，________________________.For one thing_____________________，for another________‎ ‎____.In Conclusion____________________.‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：一种事物或现象（负面意义倾向）‎ 关于A的话题，早已引起了广泛的社会关注。如今在电视、报纸、日常生活的很多角落，都有越来越多的关于A的议论。‎ 给A一个精确恒定的定义并非易事，因为它的概念涉及了科学、人性、思想、经济、社会、自然等广阔的领域。一般而言，我们可以这样描述A…‎ A能成为公众关注的焦点，主要是由于它对个人、集体乃至整个世界都有着不容忽视的不良影响。‎ 认真分析后我们可以看到，A对社会/世界 /健康的不利有很多。首先，从最直观的角度来看，A的出现直接损害了（这里加入一句针对性的话，如人类的身体健康和环境的平衡）。（举例）。其次，从更深一层次上讲，它为人类的精神文明蒙上了一层阴影。更可怕的是，由于A所产生微小利益，却促成了许多可悲的人们为其忘乎所以，破坏了人类生存的法则和空间。‎ 事实上，A的出现是社会发展和人类进步的产物，A所带来的危害是人类进化过程中付出的代价。同时，A的产生来源于部分人们的自私和趋利性，他们看到的是肤浅和片面的利益，而从未从整个全局和人类整体的利益出发去认识和分析它。这使得A始终挥之不去。对此，我奉劝他们，跳出狭小的角落，用长远和全局的眼光去重新审视A。‎ 而如今，我们已深受其害，要想消除它的危害，我们必须从根源上杜绝它的产生，我们每一个人都应给予A高度的重视，用系统的和科学的方法去解决，唯有这样，避免它带来更多损失，我们人类前进的脚步才会更加平稳，更加欢快的迈向辉煌的明天。‎ 中考英语作文万能模板：说明原因型 模块（3）‎ Currently，XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX 。‎ It is clear that （ 　　1 　　）。 If you （ 　　　　2 　　　　）， as a result ，‎ your dreams willcome true 。 On the contrary， if you （ 　3　　　　　）。‎ Failure will be following　with you .It turns out that all your plan falls through 。‎ No one can deny another fact that （ 　　4　　　　　） .You donn‘t have to look　very far to find out the truth ， in respect that we all know （　　5　　　） 。‎ It will exert a profound influence upon （ 　　6　　　）。‎ With reference to my standpoint ，I think （ 　　7　　　　　）。‎ 附加 一、英语书信的常见写作模板 开头部分：‎ How nice to hear from you again.‎ Let me tell you something about the activity.‎ I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th.‎ I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.‎ I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.‎ 结尾部分：‎ With best wishes.‎ I’m looking forward to your reply.‎ I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.‎ 二、口头通知常见写作模板 呼语及开场白部分：‎ Ladies and gentlemen， May I have your attention， please？ I have an announcement to make.‎ 正文部分：‎ All the teachers and students are required to attend it.‎ Please take your notebooks and make notes.‎ Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.‎ Please come on time and don’t be late.‎ 结束语部分：‎ Please come and join in it.‎ Everybody is welcome to attend it.‎ I hope you’ll have a nice time here.‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎ 三、议论文模板 ‎1.正反观点式议论文模板 导入：‎ 第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should.。. （导入话题）‎ Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）‎ 正文：‎ 第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）‎ Here are the reasons. First.。. Second.。. Finally.。.（列出2~3个赞成的理由）‎ 第3段：However， the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）‎ Their reasons are as follows. In the first place.。. What’s more.。. In addition.。.（列出2~3个反对的理由）‎ 结论：‎ 第4段：Personally speaking， the advantages overweigh the disadvantages， for it will do us more harm than good， so I support it.（个人观点）‎ ‎2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：‎ 导入：‎ 第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others， however， argue that B is much better. Personally， I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.‎ 正文：‎ 第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that 。.. Another reason is that.。.（赞同A的原因）‎ 第3段： Of course， B also has advantages to some extent.。. （列出1~2个B的优势）‎ 结论：‎ 第4段： But if all these factors are considered， A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above， we may finally draw the conclusion that 。..（得出结论） オ ‎3.观点论述类议论文模板：‎ 导入：‎ 第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题 As a student， I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）‎ The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）‎ 正文：‎ 第2段：First of all.。. Secondly.。. Besides.。.（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由）‎ 结论：‎ 第3段：In conclusion， I believe that.。. （照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构）‎ ‎4.“How to”类议论文模板：‎ 导入：‎ 第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题 正文：‎ 第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem， but the following may be most effective. First of all.。. Another way to solve the problem is 。.. Finally.。.（列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法）‎ 结论：‎ 第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to.。.（强调解决此类问题的根本方法）‎ 四、图表作文写作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题。 The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点 。 This means that as （进一步说明）。‎ We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一 。 After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化， the动词-ed+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化） 。 The figures also tell us that图表细节二 。 In the column， we can see that accounts for （进一步描述）。‎ Judging from these figures， we can draw the conclusion that （结论）。 The reason for this， as far as I am concerned is that （给出原因）。 / It is high time that we （发出倡议）。‎ 中考真题 ‎ ‎61.假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李华。学生会将举办每年一度的英语演讲比赛，本年度的主题为“The English Novel I Like Best”。作为组织者，你将在演讲比赛开幕时发言，请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。‎ ‎1. 说明比赛的意义，如提高英语听说能力，养成读书的习惯等；‎ ‎2. 说明比赛的注意事项，如每人演讲不超过5分钟，语言流利，发音准确等；‎ ‎3. 预祝比赛圆满成功。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数：不少于100词；‎ ‎2. 可适当加入细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 发言稿的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入词数。‎ Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen,‎ Welcome to this year’s English speech competition.‎ 此处不能答题 Thank you!‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Good afternoon. Ladies and gentlemen.‎ Welcome to this year’s English speech competition. Taking part in English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English. While we fully prepare for the competition, we can improve our abilities of listening and speaking and develop a good habit of reading English. In the process of the competition, you should pay special attention to the following rules. First, you should finish your speech in five minutes. Second, you try your best to express yourself in English fluently. Finally, you should have a good English pronunciation. ‎ ‎ I hope that the English speech competition wil be a great success!‎ Thank you! ‎ 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61. 假设你是晨光中学的高中生李华。你校拟选拔一批优秀学生，利用暑期到晨曦希望小学为学生辅导英语。你希望参加此活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给校评选组写一封申请信：‎ ‎● 对此活动的认识（如对本人、学生级社会的益处等）‎ ‎●个人优势（如性格、独立生活能力、语言能力等）‎ ‎●你的计划（如怎样进行辅导等）‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.词数不少于100；‎ ‎2.可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。‎ 参考词汇：‎ 晨曦希望小学 Chenxi Hope School Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I am Li Hua from Class One, Senior Two.‎ ‎此处不能答题 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Yours Sincerely,‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Sir or Madam,‎ I’m Li Hua from Class One , Senior Two . I’m writing to apply for the opportunity to help the students in Chenxi Hope School with their English. Thus they can improve their English during the summer vacation. Meanwhile, I can learn how to get along with the students and benefit the whole school.‎ I’m kind , easy-going and always ready to help others . I wash clothes and make beds by myself to develop independence . English is my favorite ‎ subject and I ‘ve won several prizes in English contests . So I think that I’m qualified for the position .‎ I plan to communicate with the students first to know what they need . Besides , I’ll try to get them more interested in English by telling stories , singing songs , playing games and so on .‎ I’d appreciate it if you could give me the opportunity .‎ Yours sincerely,‎ Li Hua 第二节：书面表达（满分25分）‎ ‎61. 假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自于美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排在津的一日活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith 先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。‎ 上午与我校学生座谈（话题如校园生活、文化差异等）；‎ 中午与我校学生共同进餐（午餐包括饺子、面条等）；‎ 下午与我校学生游览海河。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数不少于100；‎ ‎2. 可适当加入细节，以使内容充实、行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：海河 the Haihe River ‎ Dear Mr Smith I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union, from Chenguang High School. ‎ ‎__此处不能答题________‎ ‎ Yours sincerely ‎ Li Hua 参考范文 Dear Mr. Smith,‎ I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union, from Chenguang High School. We’re pleased to hear that your US School Delegation will pay a visit to our school in Tianjin, China. With the commission of our school headmaster, I’m fully responsible for your one-day tour to our school and our city. The following are our preliminary arrangements for your review and comments. ‎ Students from both countries will hold a discussion in the morning to enhance their understanding. The topics to be discussed include but not limited to campus life, culture differences and so on. American students are cordially invited to share traditional Chinese dinner with us; the main courses are our local cruises, including Chinese noodles and water dumplings. In the afternoon, after a short rest, we will visit HAIHE River by boat, seeing the wonderful and beautiful scenes of HAIHE, witnessing the great changes that have taken place in Tianjin during the past few ‎ years.‎ Please feedback whether you’re satisfied with this schedule, and we will make changes as per your opinion in due course.‎ ‎ Yours sincerely ‎ Li Hua