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河北专版2020中考英语复习方案第二篇语法专题突破专题14构词法课件人教新目标版
专题(十四) 构词法 第二篇 语法专题突破 考点一 派生法 英语构词法中在词根前面或后面加词缀 , 从而构成一个新词的方法叫作派生法。加在词根前的词缀叫前缀 , 加在词根后的词缀叫后缀。 1. 前缀 ( 1 )表否定意义的前缀 前缀 含义 例词 un- 不 happy → unhappy (不高兴的) friendly → unfriendly (不友好的) usual → unusual (不寻常的) able → unable (不能的) popular → unpopular (不流行的) (续表) 前缀 含义 例词 in- 不 active → inactive (不积极的) correct → incorrect (不正确的) expensive → inexpensive (不贵的) im- 不 polite → impolite (不礼貌的) patient → impatient (没有耐心的) possible → impossible (不可能的) (续表) 前缀 含义 例词 dis- 不 like → dislike (不喜欢) appear → disappear (消失) agree → disagree (不同意) non- 不 ; 非 smoker → non-smoker (非吸烟者) human → non-human (非人类的) native → non-native (非母语的 ; 非 本地 的) ( 2 )其他 前缀 含义 例词 mis- 错误 ; 失误 understand → misunderstand (误解) lead → mislead (误导) behavior → misbehavior (行为不端) re- 又 ; 再 ; 重新 view → review (复习) write → rewrite (重写) inter- 相互 ; 交 互在一起 net → Internet (互联网) national → international (国际的) connect → interconnect (相互关联) (续表) 前缀 含义 例词 tele- 远 phone → telephone (电话) vision → television (电视) en- 使可能 rich → enrich (使丰富) able → enable (使能够) a- 使处于…… 情况 live → alive (活着的) wake → awake (醒着的) sleep → asleep (睡着的) 2. 后缀 形式 后缀 例词 形容词→ 副词 +-ly wide → widely quiet → quietly sad → sadly slow → slowly 以 “辅音字母 +y ”结尾的形容词 , 变 y 为 i, 再加 -ly happy → happily angry → angrily 以 “辅音字母 +le ”结尾的形容词 , 去掉 e, 再加 -y simple → simply terrible → terribly 少数 以 e 结尾的形容词 , 要去掉 e, 再加 -ly true → truly (续表) 形式 后缀 例词 名词→ 形容词 +-y rain → rainy health → healthy wealth → wealthy luck → lucky +-ly week → weekly love → lovely friend → friendly +-ous danger → dangerous +-ful care → careful use → useful help → helpful +-less use → useless help → helpless care → careless +-ern west → western south → southern +-en gold → golden wood → wooden +-al nation → national 其他 China → Chinese France → French America → American Canada → Canadian Asia → Asian centre → central (续表) 形式 后缀 例词 动词→ 形容词 +-ed disappoint → disappointed interest → interested +-ing follow → following interest → interesting +-tive act → active create → creative +-able enjoy → enjoyable comfort → comfortable suit → suitable (续表) 形式 后缀 例词 形容词 → 名词 +-ness ill → illness sad → sadness kind → kindness +-y difficult → difficulty +-ity able → ability possible → possibility +-ce (以 t 结尾的形容词去 t, 再加 -ce ) important → importance silent → silence different → difference (续表) 形式 后缀 例词 动词→ 名词 +-er teach → teacher win → winner work → worker +-or act → actor visit → visitor direct → director +-ion invite → invitation decide → decision +-ment develop → development move → movement +-ing fish → fishing read → reading hear → hearing +-ist art → artist piano → pianist tour → tourist science → scientist (续表) 形式 后缀 例词 其他 serve ( v. )→ service ( n. ) courage ( n. )→ encourage ( v. ) hot ( adj. )→ heat ( n. ) safe ( adj. )→ safety ( n. ) high ( adj. )→ height ( n. )→ highly ( adv. ) 考点二 合成法 英语中由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词 , 这种构词法叫作合成法。常见的合成法如下 : ( 1 )合成名词 classroom (名词 + 名词) blackboard (形容词 + 名词) ( 2 )合成形容词 worldwide (名词 + 形容词) good-looking (形容词 + 现在分词) ( 3 )合成动词 overcome (副词 + 动词) ( 4 )合成数词 fifty-four (数词 + 数词) ( 5 )合成代词 everybody, somebody, anything (代词 + 名词) ( 6 )合成副词 downstairs (副词 + 名词) whole-heartedly (形容词 + 副词) ( 7 )合成介词 inside (介词 + 名词) within (介词 + 介词) into (介词 + 介词) 考点三 转化法 英语中把一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性 , 这种构词法叫作转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式有 : 名词→动词 , 形容词→动词 , 动词→名词。 ( 1 )名词→动词 show ( n. 展览 ; 展示)→ show ( v. 表演 ; 展出) water ( n. 水)→ water ( v. 浇水) speed ( n. 速度)→ speed ( v. 加速) ( 2 )形容词→动词 slow ( adj. 慢的)→ slow ( v. 放慢) ( 3 )动词→名词 walk ( v. 散步 ; 走)→ walk ( n. 散步) look ( v. 看)→ look ( n. 看) talk ( v. 谈话)→ talk ( n. 谈话) rest ( v. 休息)→ rest ( n. 休息) break ( v. 打破)→ break ( n. 休息) 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.Emily's mother didn't allow her to watch her favourite programme Running Man and it made her ( happy ) . 2.I'm glad to hear that my favourite ( sing ) has come to our city. 3.Are your parents in ( agree ) that you can deal with it by yourself? 4.This dress is ( expensive ) . It will not cost you much. 5.It's ( possible ) to separate Diaoyu Islands from China. 对接中考专练 unhappy singer agreement inexpensive impossible 6.I bought the computer ( simple ) because it was cheap. 7.The Bruce family had to give up camping in the Purple Mountain on such a ( fog ) day. 8.If you do ( care ) in the test, you won't get high marks. 9.We shall never make such an important ( decide ) without much thought. 10.Not all ( wealth ) people have to wear expensive clothes and not all clever people have to wear glasses. 对接中考专练 simply foggy carelessly decision wealthy 11.For your ( safe ) , smoking is not allowed during the whole flight. 12.Blue is a ( peace ) colour. People often feel quiet in blue rooms. 13.As a guide, I must pay attention to all the ( tour ) safety during their trip. 14.Easton LaChappelle, a 19-year-old ( invent ) , built an arm by developing most of the parts through a 3-D printer. 15.Stephen Hawking is widely considered as one of the greatest ( science ) in the world. 对接中考专练 safety peaceful tourists' inventor scientists 16.I didn't sleep well and stayed ( wake ) until the early morning. 17.Have you ever heard of the famous saying “ ( silent ) is golden ” ? 18. — What is the ( high ) of that mountain? — About 3,300 metres tall. 19.In some cities in the ( north ) part of China, the air pollution is very serious. 20.When Peter heard the ( surprise ) news, he couldn't help crying. 对接中考专练 awake Silence height northern surprising 【 语法综合演练 】 内容见 Word 版 资源: 专题 14查看更多