数词和主谓一致 《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

数词和主谓一致 《破解2020年中考英语之易错易混点丢分题》（原卷版）

【2019 • 四川省广元市】On my ________ birthday, I got a new schoolbag as a gift from my parents. A. nine B. ninth C. the ninth 【参考答案】B 【试题解析】考查序数词用法。句意：在我的______生日，我从父母那里收到了新书包作为礼物。A. Nine 基数词，九；B. ninth 第九，序数词；C. the ninth 第几个，有冠词 the。表示某人的第若干个生日用序数词， 排除 A；因为空格前面有物主代词 my 修饰，不再用冠词，排除 C，故选 B。 此题考查基数词和序数词，大部分同学都掌握住了基数词的用法和写法，但是一些同学可能因为记不 住序数词的形式而做错题。故掌握住基数词变序数词的规则很重要。 基数词的构成 (1)0—12 单独记。如： zero, one, two, three 等。 (2)13—19 的词尾都是 teen。如：fourteen, seventeen 等，但 13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen 需要特殊 记。 (3)20 以上的整十的基数词均以 ty 结尾。 20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty 等。 (4)＂几十几＂要加连字符号＂-＂。 48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven 等。 (5)＂几百几十＂或者＂几百几十几＂在＂百＂后加 and。 156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。 (6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作 thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作 million(百万)，第三个逗号读作 billion(十亿)，hundred 后莫忘＂and＂。 3,610＝three thousand six hundred and ten； 94,295＝ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five； 序数词的构成 first 1st second 2nd third 3rd fourth 4th fifth 5th sixth 6th seventh 7th eighth 8th ninth 9th tenth 10th eleventh 11th twelfth 12th thirteenth 13th fourteenth 14th fifteenth 15th sixteenth 16th seventeenth 17th eighteenth 18th nineteenth 19th twentieth 20th twenty-first 21st twenty-second 22nd thirtieth 30th fortieth 40th fiftieth 50th sixtieth 60th seventieth 70th eightieth 80th ninetieth 90th hundredth 100th one hundred and first 101st (1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分别是 first, second, third。 (2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了 fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 是特殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加 ＂th＂构成。如：fourth。 (3)20 以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变 y 为 i，再加＂-eth＂。如：thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。 (4)第一百 hundredth; 第一千 thousandth; 第一百万 millionth。 (5)20 以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。 【2019 • 甘肃省天水市】________ students in our class ________ going to the summer camp in Beijing next week. A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分 母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是 two fifths，排除 B、C；分数后面的名词为复数名词 students，根 据主谓一致的原则，只能用 are，故答案选 D。 这道题考查的是分数的表达法，由语境可知，此处表达的是四分之三，四分之三的英语表达是 three fourths，另外还可以表达成 three quarters，quarter 意为＂一刻钟，四分之一＂，因此四分之三可以用 three quarters 表达。另外，学生应牢记＂分子大于一，分母加 s＂的规则。 分数的表达法 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法： ►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三 【助记】 【2019 • 四川省凉山中考】—What’s in the picture on the wall? —There __________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground. A. has B. are C. is D. have 【参考答案】C 【试题解析】句意：——墙上的画里是什么？——有一个老师和一些学生在操场上正在踢足球。there be句 型表示某地有某物，用此句型不能再由have；此句型有个就近原则，be动词的选择取决于与之挨着的名词。 名词的可数名词单数或者是不可数名词的话就用is，是复数名词用are。根据句中的a teacher可以判断be动词 用is。故选C。 易做错这道题的原因有两个，一个是分数的表达法没有掌握住，另外一个谓语动词的单复数形式没把 握住规则，看到 three fifths，觉得是复数概念，谓语动词就用复数形式，导致错误。学生应看到 three fifths of 修饰的中心词是 land，是不可数名词，故谓语动词用单数。 谓一致遵循三个原则：1. 就近一致原则。2. 意义一致原则。3. 语法一致原则。 1. 意义一致 意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如： Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。 The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。 【典例】The woman behind the girls _____________ a famous actress. 英语分数巧记 英语分数不费事，＂母序子基＂四个字。 分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。 A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】A 【解析】在本句中，句子主语为 woman，所以谓语动词应用单数形式，排除 B、C 两项。本句为系表结构， 排除 D 项。故选 A。 2. 语法一致 语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如： My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。 These books are old. 这些书是旧的。 【典例】The Greens _____________ dinner in the kitchen now. A. is having B. having C. are having 【答案】C 【解析】the Greens 意为＂格林一家；格林夫妇＂，表复数意义，故选 C。 3. 就近原则 就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。 Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。 Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。 【典例】This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _____________ good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are 【答案】B 【解析】在 not only... but also...作主语的句子中，谓语动词的形式要根据 but also 后所跟的名词或代词而定。 【知识归纳】 含义 例句 语法一致 指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单 数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动 词也使用复数形式。 Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground.他们经 常在操场上踢足球。 意义一致 又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单 复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取 决于表面上的语法联系。 My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在 正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本 书 20 美元太贵了。 就近一致 又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或 两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单 复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的 学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上 有一支钢笔和一些书。 【助记】 1. 基数词变序数词。 2. 分数的表达法。 3. 数词和主谓一致。 1. 【2019 • 湖北鄂州中考】Our country is nearly __________ years old. We’ll celebrate its __________ birthday on October 1, 2019 around the country. A. seventy; seventy B. seventy; seventieth C. seventieth; seventy D. seventieth; seventieth 2. 【2019 • 贵州安顺中考】Nowadays, __________ people like HUAWEI phones better, and about __________ of 主谓一致记忆口诀 单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。 有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。 主语从句非谓语，many a 再加 more than one，谓语动词均用单。 or，nor，but also，there be，近主原则挂嘴边。主语 neither，either，one，谓语总是用三单。 主语虽有 and 连，and 后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三。 时间、价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看。no，each，every 后用单，两件/种事物/情系一概念。 them are adults. A. the number of; four-fifths B. a number of; four-fifth C. a number of; four-fifths D. the number of; four-five 3. 【2019 • 湖南湘西中考】—How many books are there on the shelf？ —Well. I think there are books. A. two hundred and forty-six B. two hundreds and forty C. two hundred fourteen 4. 【2019 • 四川省凉山中考】There are people in Dale’s family. They live on the floor. A. five; nine B. fifth; nine C. five; ninth D. fifth; ninth 5. 【2019 • 甘肃省武威中考】September is the __________ month of a year. A. seventh B. eighth C. ninth D. tenth 6. 【2019 • 甘肃省兰州中考】We gave away __________ books to the school library last year. A. six thousands B. six thousand C. six thousands of D. six thousand of 7. 【2019 • 湖南省郴州中考】Every year, __________ books are given away to the poor children in the countryside. A. thousand B. thousands of C. thousand of 8. 【2019 • 山东滨州中考】—Which month of the year do you like best? —July, the __________ month, because summer vacation begin in this month. A. seven B. six C. seventh D. sixth 9. 【2019 • 甘肃兰州中考】In the near future, there __________ self-driving cars in our city. A. is B. was C. are D. will be 10. 【2019 • 福建省中考】There __________ a large bowl of jiaozi on the table. A. is B. are C. be 11. 【2019 • 四川广元中考】Not only you but also I ________ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig. A. am B. is C. are 12.【2019 • 湖北襄阳中考】—Is Dongjin High-speed Railway Station the largest in Hubei Province? —Yes, of course. It’s just a little smaller than the largest one in Wuhan. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth I. 单项选择。 1. (2019 年汕头市潮南区模拟）After the government carried out the two-child policy, she had a child in her . A. second; thirtieth B. second; thirties C. secondly; thirtieth D. secondly; thirties 2. (河北武邑中学 2019—2020 学年第三次月考试题）——Not only his parents but also his sister _____ to the Palace Museum. ——They haven’t been back. A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone. 3.（吉林长春外国语学校 2019—2020 学年第一学期期中测试）Not only my best friend Mary but also I __________ abroad to get further education. A. have been to B. have been C. has been D. has been to 4.(广东省江门市 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期中调研) There ___a great number of students there. The number of the students____five thousand. A. is; are B. are; is C. are; are D. is;is 5. （广东珠海市北大附属实验中学 2020 届九年级上学期 10 月调研）.— Not only Tom’s parents but also Tom ______ traveling is a good way to experience different cultures. — So do I. A. thinks B. think C. doesn’t think D. don’t think 6. (安徽省桐城市第二中学 2019 届九年级下学期第三次模拟）.My sister with my parents ________ dumplings when I got home yesterday evening. A. are making B. is making C. was making D. were making 7. President Xi Jinping, together with his wife Peng Liyuan, visited USA from April 6 to 7. This is his ______________ visit to America . A. eight B. the eight C. eighth D. the eighth 8. —How do your students improve their English writing? —Well, about ______________ of the students like keeping diaries in English in our class. A. two fifth B. two fifths C. second five D. two five 9.___________ of the students in our class ___________ interested in WeChat on the Internet. A. Two fifths；is B. Two fives；is C. Two fifth；are D. Two fifths；are 10. —How old is your sister? —______________.We had a special party for her ______________ birthday yesterday. A. Twenty-one；twenty-first B. Twenty-first；twenty-first C. Twenty-one；twenty-one D. Twenty-first；twenty-one 11. —How much ______________ the pair of shoes? —Twenty dollars ______________ enough. A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are 12. Dutch tulips in Dafeng are so charming that ___________ tourists go there and enjoy the beautiful flowers every day. A. thousand of B. thousands of C. three thousand of D. three thousands of