2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题12 阅读理解之综合拓展

2020-2021学年中考英语训练专题12 阅读理解之综合拓展

‎2020-2021学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练专题12 阅读理解之综合拓展 Part 1考情分析 中考英语“阅读理解”题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力。很多同学在做题时常常有一种“读得懂做不对”的感觉。那么有必要对阅读理解这种题型及其解题技巧作一些简要的分析。‎ 首先，中考试题中的阅读文章题材多样(涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史、地理、科学技术等各个方面)，体裁形式丰富(包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格等)，这就需要考生在平时对各方面的文章都有所训练，迎合中考命题趋势。‎ 其次，阅读理解主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，对书面语言的理解能力，尤其是获取信息的能力。在阅读技巧上，考生要了解文章的个别词或句子、文章的某细节或情节、文章的主题、文章的背景知识、文章的结论或结局、文章内涵的寓意等。‎ ‎ Part 2解题思路 1.先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。 ‎ ‎2.快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。 ‎ ‎3.细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点： ‎ ‎1）抓住四个"W"和一个"H"，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What (事件)，When（时间），Where（地点），Why（原因），How（经过）划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 ‎ ‎2）抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。 ‎ ‎3）注意领会文章的寓意。 ‎ ‎4）根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。‎ ‎3）重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。‎ ‎ Part 2常见题型 ‎ ‎1.主旨大意题 阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。‎ 主题句一般具有以下特征：‎ ‎①概括全段思想。‎ ‎②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。‎ ‎③解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。‎ 主旨题常见的命题形式：‎ ‎①The main idea of this text may be…….‎ ‎②This passage is mainly about…….‎ ‎③The author's purpose in writing this text…….‎ ‎④Which of the following is the best title for the passage?‎ ‎⑤ What’s the topic of the text?‎ ‎⑥The passage gives us is…...‎ ‎2.推断题 这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断。‎ 应特别注意以下特征：‎ ‎①吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础;‎ ‎②推理的根据来自于上下文;‎ ‎③不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;‎ ‎④在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。‎ 推断题常有的命题形式：‎ ‎①It can be known from the text that ….‎ ‎②From the text we know that ….‎ ‎③The story implies that ….‎ ‎④The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….‎ ‎⑤The writer suggests that….‎ ‎3.事实细节题 在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题，下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。‎ ‎4.猜测词义题 这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。‎ 猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式;而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的。‎ 解这类题时应注意以下特点：‎ ‎①注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；‎ ‎②注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。‎ ‎③注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。‎ ‎④对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。‎ ‎【例题】‎ English has become a global language．So which country，not including English-speaking countries，speaks English better？ And where does China rank（排名）？‎ A Swedish language education company published their report this month．The Netherlands（荷兰）ranked first，followed by Denmark and Sweden．These are based on English listening and reading test results of 950，000people from 72countries and areas．‎ According to the report， China is ranking 39th． Out of the whole country， people in Shanghai are the best English speakers．They speak better English than Italians and French．Hong Kong and Beijing follow Shanghai as China's next best English-speaking cities．‎ Shanghai and Beijing rank high because they are international cities． However， across China， English ability is different from east to west．‎ Now China has 400million English learners．However，the teaching of English in some areas is not very good．According to People Daily Online， there are seven primary schools in a town in Hunan province， but only one English teacher． Many students still learn English by rote．‎ Sebastian Magnusson，an officer at the Swedish Embassy（大使馆） in Beijing，gave some advice．Swedish people speak English well and Magnusson himself is also good at Chinese．He said TV programs，movies and even computer games could be learning tools． "Do not limit it to textbooks． What matters most is to use what you've learnt，" Magnusson also said．‎ ‎（1）What country ranked first of English ability in the passage？　‎ A． Sweden．‎ B． Denmark．‎ C． The United States D． The Netherlands．‎ ‎（2）Which city has the best English speakers in China？　　‎ A． Beijing．‎ B． Shanghai．‎ C． Hong Kong．‎ D． Chengdu．‎ ‎（3）What does the underlined part "by rote" mean？　　‎ A． 死记硬背 B． 融会贯通 C． 熟能生巧 D． 望文生义 ‎（4）According to the passage which of the following is true？　‎ A． Chinese people have high levels of English．‎ B． Memorization is a good way to learn English．‎ C． Some Chinese schools are short of English teachers．‎ D． Half of the Chinese population is learning English now．‎ ‎（5）What can we tell from Magnusson's words？　‎ A． English is difficult for younger students to learn．‎ B． Learning English from textbooks is not a good method．‎ C． Learners should put what they have learned to practice．‎ D． Learners should get help from their teachers and parents．‎ ‎【点金】文章介绍了英语在世界各地的分布，并介绍了中国各个城市学英语的情况。‎ ‎1． D 细节理解题，根据The Netherlands （荷兰） ranked first，可知荷兰排名第一，故选D．‎ ‎2． B 细节理解题，根据people in Shanghai are the best English speakers，可知在中国，上海人说英语最好，故选B．‎ ‎3． A 词义猜测题，根据Many students still learn English…许多学生仍然通过…来学习英语．结合语境缺少英语老师，所以学生没有更好的学习方法，推出划线单词的意思是"死记硬背"，故选A．‎ ‎4． C 细节理解题，根据According to People Daily Online， there are seven primary schools in a town in Hunan province， but only one English teacher．人民日报网报道，在湖南省的一个小镇上，有7所小学，但只有一名英语教师．可知缺少英语老师，故选C．‎ ‎5． C 细节理解题，根据 "Do not limit it to textbooks． What matters most is to use what you've learnt，" "不要把它限制在教科书上．最重要的是使用你所学到的东西．"，所以学习者应该把他们所学到的知识付诸实践，故选C．‎ 精讲精练 ‎【例题1】 ‎ How funny would it be to see memes（表情包） in textbooks？ Some students from Chengdu No．7High School have made it come true．‎ ‎ The students wrote a set of creative textbooks that includes five subjects﹣Chinese，English，maths，chemistry and physics．They share their notes to help students prepare for High School Entrance Exams in this way．Funny memes can be seen almost everywhere in their textbooks．‎ ‎ Each textbook has its own style，too．The English textbook introduces films and TV series．The chemistry textbook has wuxia characters．There is a boy named Shangguan Huaxue in the book．He meets a girl and they learn chemistry together．It also has wuxia﹣style notes．‎ ‎ Yan Zuhuai，a top student at Chengdu No．7High School，is the textbooks' editor﹣in﹣chief（主编）．He got the idea to create the books in June， 2017．"Many students wanted me to share my notes with them．When I saw people sharing bikes，I thought I could share knowledge，too．" Yan said．‎ ‎ But after putting all of his notes together, he found them boring．Realizing that his classmates enjoyed online novels and memes，he decided to add those things to his notes．He wrote guidelines for each textbook and invited 13 students to join him in creating them．‎ The final versions（版本）of the textbooks came out at the end of December．Many publishing houses have shown an interest in them．‎ ‎（1）This set of textbooks includes the following subjects EXCEPT________．‎ A． chemistry B． geography C． physics D． maths ‎（2）What can we learn from the fourth and fifth paragraphs？　　‎ A． Lots of students wanted Yan to share knowledge with them．‎ B． Yan is one of the worst students in his school．‎ C． Yan invited some students to write guidelines．‎ D． The textbooks with online novels and memes are very boring．‎ ‎（3）What does this passage mainly tell us？　　‎ A． Yan and his team are interested in memes．‎ B． It is difficult for students to create textbooks．‎ C． Yan's textbooks can help students study creatively．‎ D． Yan is a popular editor﹣in﹣chief in his school．‎ ‎【答案】BAC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．B．细节理解题．根据第二行includes five subjects﹣Chinese， English， maths， chemistry and physics．包括五门科目：语文、英语、数学、化学和物理．可知，没有"地理"．选B．‎ ‎2．A．段意猜测题．根据第四段 "Many students wanted me to share my notes with them． When I saw people sharing bikes， I thought I could share knowledge， too．" Yan said．许多学生希望我和他们分享我的笔记．当我看到人们共享自行车时，我想我也可以分享知识．"严说．可知，许多学生希望严与他们分享知识．选A．‎ ‎3．C．主旨大意题．根据第二段第一句The students wrote a set of creative textbooks 学生们写了一套富有创造性的教科书．第五段But after putting all of his notes together， he found them boring． Realizing that his classmates enjoyed online novels and memes， he decided to add those things to his notes但是他把所有的笔记放在一起后，他发现它们很无聊．意识到他的同学们喜欢在线小说和表情包，他决定把这些东西添加到他的学习笔记中．可知，严的教科书可以帮助学生创造性地学习．选C．‎ ‎【练习1】 ‎ Beijing Opera is the most representative of all Chinese traditional dramatic art forms and the largest Chinese opera form．Having a history of about 200years，it is developed from absorbing（吸收）many other dramatic forms，mostly from the local drama 'Huiban'，which was popular in South China during the 18th century．It is a scenic（戏剧的）art integrating music， performance，literature，aria，and face painting．‎ Theatrical art forms in many other countries do not present singing， dancing and spoken parts in one single drama． An opera singer， for example， neither dances nor speaks on stage；there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play；in a dance drama，the dancer has no speaking role and does not sing either．Traditional Chinese drama，including Beijing Opera，is a kind of entertainment which includes spoken parts，singing，dancing and acrobatics．‎ In addition to its presence in China，Beijing Opera has spread to many other places．Mer Lanfang，one of the most famous performers（表演者）of all time，was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries．‎ ‎"You will be puzzled（困惑）all the way through and a little bored from time to time；but you will be charmed and interested．You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera even if you know nothing of the dramatic background．"This is how one American traveller described his firs experience in watching Beijing Opera．‎ Beijing Opera is Chinas national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions．Welcome to China and enjoy Beijing Opera!‎ ‎（1）What makes Beijing Opera different from theatrical art forms in many other countries？　　‎ A． It has one opera singer on stage．‎ B． It has one dancer who has no speaking role．‎ C． It has already spread to many other countries．‎ D． It includes spoken parts， singing dancing and acrobatics．‎ ‎（2）People think Mei Lanfang played an important role in the spread of Beijing Opera because　___________．‎ A． he made many tours o a foreign country B． he was a famous Beijing Opera performer C． he was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners D． he made Beijing Opera different from other theatrical art forms．‎ ‎（3）From Paragraph 4we know that the American traveler_____________.‎ A． felt bored all the way B． thought highly of Beijing Opera C． found Beijing Opera interesting at first D． knew the background of Beijing Opera ‎（4）What does the underlined word "it" mean in the passage？　　‎ A． Beijing Opera B． Local drama C． An opera singer D． A modern play ‎【答案】DCBA ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．D 细节理解题， 根据文中的第2段 Theatrical art forms in many other countries do not present singing，dancing and spoken parts in one single drama．An opera singer，for example，neither dances nor speaks on stage； there are no singing or dancing parts in a modern play；in a dance drama， the dancer has no speaking role and does not sing either．Traditional Chinese drama，including Beijing Opera，is a kind of entertainment which includes spoken parts，singing，dancing and acrobatics ‎．许多国家的戏剧艺术形式在一个单一的戏剧表演，不存在歌唱、舞蹈和对话部分．例如，歌剧演员既不在舞台上跳舞也不说话；在现代戏剧中没有唱歌或跳舞的部分；在舞剧中，舞者没有说话的机会．中国传统戏剧，包括北京戏曲，是一种包括口语、歌唱、舞蹈和杂技的娱乐．可知 京剧与其它的不同之处是有口语、歌唱、舞蹈和杂技的，故答案D．‎ ‎2．C 细节理解题，根据文中的第3段 Mer Lanfang，one of the most famous performers of all time，was the first to introduce Beijing Opera to foreigners and made highly successful tours to foreign countries．可知Mer Lanfang是北京历史上最著名的演员之一，也是第一位向外国人介绍中国京剧及在国外演出非常成功的人，故答案C．‎ ‎3．B 细节理解题，根据文中的第4段 "You will be puzzled all the way through and a little bored from time to time；but you will be charmed and interested．You will be strongly attracted to Beijing Opera even if you know nothing of the dramatic background．"This is how one American traveller described his firs experience in watching Beijing Opera．"一路上你会感到困惑，有时会感到厌烦，但你会被吸引．即使你对戏剧背景一无所知，你也会被京剧深深吸引．"这是一位美国旅行者如何描述他第一次观看京剧的经历．可知给予了京剧高度的评价，故答案B．‎ ‎4．A 细节理解题，根据文中的Beijing Opera is Chinas national opera and it is full of Chinese cultural traditions京剧是中国民族的歌剧，它充满了中国文化传统可知 it指的是京剧，故答案A．‎ ‎【例题2】 ‎ Dear Li Hua，‎ ‎ How's everything going？Congratulations on your graduation from junior high school!‎ ‎ I hope you have a great time during the holiday，but there is something important for you to think about﹣a plan for your personal growth．Here is some advice for you．‎ ‎ Firstly，study yourself．Understand what you like，what you value and what you want to be．In studying yourself，you check your strengths（长处） and weaknesses．Find out what you need to prepare for your dream job．‎ ‎ Secondly，write down your plan．When writing，you can try using Mind Maps（思维导图）．It is a good way ‎ to help you to think more clearly．And you may find a proper way to work your plan out．‎ ‎ Thirdly，go over your plan with your teachers，parents or friends．They may give you some advice．Think carefully about their advice and make some changes to your plan if necessary．And then you can go on with it．‎ ‎ Finally，（4）．For example，if you want to be an English teacher in the future，you should spend more time reading English books，learning more about English culture and practicing your listening and speaking from now on．You can make your dream come true only through hard work．‎ ‎ You may find it difficult to make the plan now．Don't worry．All you need is just a rough（粗略的）one．Once you enter the senior high school，you'll get a chance to make it better with the help of your teachers．And your personal growth plan may change with your age， your interests and the social development．So take your time and I believe you will grow into an excellent young man．‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours, Li Fang ‎（1）The underlined word "study" in Paragraph 3 probably means "_________　" in Chinese．‎ A．学习 B．审视 C．帮助 D．调查 ‎（2）Which of the following can be the missing part in Paragraph 6？‎ A． plan to find a job B． try to be an English teacher C． practice English D． work hard to realize your dream ‎（3）According to the passage，a personal growth plan in your lifetime may change with the following things except___________．‎ A． your Mind Maps B． your age C． social development D． your interests ‎（4）In the letter， Li Fang mainly wants to tell Li Hua__________．‎ A． how to spend the holiday happily B． how to prepare for his dream job C． how to make his personal growth plan D． how to review the plan with his friends ‎【答案】DDAC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．D 词义猜测题．根据后句Understand what you like，what you value and what you want to be．In studying yourself，you check your strengths（长处）and weaknesses．了解你喜欢什么，你看重什么，你想成为什么样的人．在研究自己时，你要检查自己的优缺点．可知结合选项，应说调查自己．所以study意为调查．故选D．‎ ‎2．D 细节推理题．根据后句For example，if you want to be an English teacher in the future，you should spend more time reading English books，learning more about English culture and practicing your listening and speaking from now on．You can make your dream come true only through hard work．例如，如果你将来想成为一名英语老师，你应该花更多的时间读英语书，学习更多关于英语文化的知识，从现在开始练习你的听力和口语．只有通过努力，你才能实现你的梦想．可知结合选项，应说努力实现你的梦想．故选D．‎ ‎3．A 细节理解题．根据最后一段句子Once you enter the senior high school， you'll get a chance to make it ‎ better with the help your teachers．And your personal growth plan may change with your age， your interests and the social development．So take your time and I believe you will grow into an excellent young man．一旦你进入高中，你就有机会在老师的帮助下做得更好．你的个人成长计划可能会随着你的年龄、兴趣和社会发展而改变．所以慢慢来，我相信你会成长为一个优秀的年轻人．可知根据这篇文章，你一生中的个人成长计划可能会随着以下事情而改变，除了你的思维导图．故选A．‎ ‎4．C 主旨归纳题．根据这篇文章内容及其第二段句子I hope you have a great time during the holiday，but there is something important for you to think about a plan for your personal growth. 我希望你在假期里过得愉快，但是有一些重要的事情需要你去思考一个关于你个人成长的计划．可知信中，李方主要想告诉李华如何制定个人成长计划．故选C．‎ ‎【练习2】 ‎ To raise snails （蜗牛）well， you need to spray （喷） water to the container（容器）every morning and evening，change soil every two weeks，and feed them with vegetables and sweet fruits，" said Sun Youxiang after raising snails for one year．He is a fourth-grade primary school student in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province．From three white jade snails at the very beginning to more than sixty snails of four generations（代） now， he has done a great job for his science class．‎ Watching the reproduction （繁殖）of animals is an uncommon experience for kids．Their creativity，patience and respect （尊重） for life will be developed as they learn to take care of animals on their own．Sun's teacher said the job served as a good example of life education．Practice is a necessary step in learning and it will benefit the kids for a life time．‎ Life education allows kids to know how to live with nature and creatures （生物） in a friendly way．Starting from this year．science will become an important subject as Chinese and math in primary schools in order to improve students' knowledge about the things around us． Because of curiosity （好奇心）， more kids will be willing to watch and think through practising．It will add to our knowledge of the world in the long run．‎ ‎（1）Which of the following is WRONG about Sun Youxiang ？　　‎ A． He is good at raising snails．‎ B． He makes a lot of money by raising snails．‎ C． Raising snails is an interesting experience for him．‎ D． He becomes creative and patient through taking care of snails．‎ ‎（2）The underlined word " benefit" in Paragraph 2 means __________．‎ A． hurt B． protect C． be good for D． be popular with ‎（3）In Paragraph 3， "Life education allows kids to know how to live with nature and creatures in a friendly way" means ________．‎ A． nature and creatures are friendly to kids B． life education can make kids more friendly C． life education tells kids how to make friends D． life education tells kids how to get on well with nature and creatures ‎（4）What does Sun Youxiang's teacher think of his job ？　‎ A． It takes too much time．‎ B． It wastes lots of money．‎ C． It can't help with Sun's study．‎ D． It serves as a good example of life education．‎ ‎（5）What is the main idea of the passage ？　　‎ A． How to raise snails．‎ B． Patience， the key to success．‎ C． The importance of life education．‎ D． How to think through practising．‎ ‎【答案】BCDDC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．B 细节理解题，根据文中的第一段To raise snails （蜗牛） well， you need to spray （喷） water to the container（容器）every morning and evening，change soil every two weeks， and feed them with vegetables and sweet fruits．" said Sun Youxiang after raising snails for one year． He is a fourth﹣grade primary school student in Hangzhou． Zhejiang Province．为了更好地养蜗牛，你需要每天早上和晚上把水喷到容器里，每两周换一次土壤，然后用蔬菜和甜果喂它们．"孙有翔养蜗牛是非常擅长的，故A正确；根据第二段Watching the reproduction of animals is an uncommon experience for kids． 观察动物的繁殖对孩子来说是不寻常的经历，可知对他来说也是一个不同寻常的经历，故C正确；结合第二段 Their creativity， patience and respect for life will be developed as they learn to take care of animals on their own他们的创造力、耐心和对生命的尊重会随着他们学会照顾自己的动物而发展起来，可知D正确，B没有提到挣很多钱 ，故答案是B．‎ ‎2．C 词义猜测题，根据文中的前面 Practice is a necessary step in learning and实践是学习过程中必不可少的一步，后面对于孩子来说，应该是终身受益 ，故答案是C．‎ ‎3．D 句子翻译题，根据文中的Life education allows kids to know how to live with nature and creatures in a friendly way．生命教育让孩子们懂得如何与大自然和生物友好相处．可知与D相吻合，故答案是D．‎ ‎4．D 细节理解题，根据文中的第三段Sun s teacher said the job served as a good example of life education， 可知孙老师说，这项工作是一个很好的例子，故答案是D．‎ ‎5．C 主旨归纳题，根据文中的最后一段Life education allows kids to know how to live with nature and creatures in a friendly way． 生命教育让孩子们懂得如何与大自然和生物友好相处，可知结合文章主要通这观察蜗牛的生活面引出生命教育的重要性，故答案是C．‎ ‎【例题3】 ‎ From a young age, I've had a really deep connection with being outside．I've been skiing Since I was eight or nine years old．I've been on expeditions（探险）in many places like China，Pakistan and so on．But it was in my home country，the USA，that I came closest to death．‎ It was April 1, 2011．I was skiing in the Tetons with my friends Jeremy and Xavier，both experienced snowboarders．That day，I was the last person to ski．They were watching me from a safe area．Suddenly，I heard someone cry loudly．I turned around and saw the whole mountain start to move behind me．It was a massive avalanche（大雪崩）．The kind of avalanche that destroys trees，cars，buses, even houses! Tens of thousands of tons of snow were coming straight down the mountain behind me．I felt the snow push me forward，hundreds of meters，and then cover me．It was so heavy that I couldn't breathe．And then it pushed me forward again and up，out of the snowpack．I looked around, and for a few seconds I actually stopped being terrified．I had a moment to pause and to look at the power of the avalanche．‎ I looked down into the bottom of the valley（峡谷）．I could see trees that were 30m tall，because I was so far away，they looked tiny to me．"OK，I'm going all the way to the bottom!" I thought．Then the snow pushed me again down the mountain another 450m．I thought the force of the snow would destroy me，it was powerful．But in the end，I felt the avalanche slow down and I just popped（迸出）right out of the snow at the bottom of the valley．‎ It took Jeremy and Xavier about 20minutes to reach me．There was a pile of debris（碎片）across the bottom of the mountain 300m wide. They couldn't believe it when they saw me．I was so lucky．‎ Has the experience changed me？Do I think about life differently？I don't know, maybe. But I do know that it's important to live your life with meaning．Life is a gift，so use it wisely．‎ ‎（1）What impressed the writer most in his skiing experience is__________．‎ A． the power of snow B． the sight of the valley C． the danger of popping D． the luck of his expedition ‎（2）The underlined word 'they' refers to__________．‎ A． the mountains B． the trees C． Jeremy and Xavier D． Piles of debris ‎（3）From the passage，it's true that_________．‎ A． the writer came closest to death when he skied in Pakistan B． the avalanche pushed the writer down about 300m away C． the writer's friends watched him at the bottom of the valley D． the writer couldn't breathe because of the weight of the snow ‎（4）The writer was thrown out of the snow when__________．‎ A． his friends reached for him B． he was pushed to the bottom C． the avalanche started to slow down D． the snow drove him forward again ‎（5）According to the writer，__________．‎ A． his experience and his friends have changed him B． it's impossible to know the force of snow C． one should not live a meaningless life D． he doesn't mind the matter of life or death ‎【答案】ABDBC ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．A 细节理解题，根据文中的第2段I looked around，and for a few seconds I actually stopped being terrified．I had a moment to pause and to look at the power of the avalanche．我环顾四周，几秒钟后，我就不再害怕了．我有片刻的停顿，看看雪崩的力量可知 本文主要是通过描述这场事故，即雪崩的力量给作者留下的深刻的印象，故答案是A．‎ ‎2．B 词义猜测题，根据文中的 I could see trees that were 30 m tall，because I was so far away，they looked tiny to me．我能看到30米高的树，因为我离他们太远，对我来说它们看起来很小可知they指的是那些树，故答案是B．‎ ‎3．D 细节理解题，根据文中的第2段I felt the snow push me forward， hundreds of meters，and then cover me．It was so heavy that I couldn't breathe.我感觉到雪把我推向几百米，然后盖上我．它太重了以至于我不能呼吸可知 D正确，故答案是D．‎ ‎4．B 细节理解题，根据文中的第3段Then the snow pushed me again down the mountain another 450m．可知 然后雪又把我推下了山，故答案是B．‎ ‎5．C 细节理解题，根据文中的最后一段But I do know that it's important to live your life with meaning但我知道重要的是让你的生活充满意义，可知每个人都应该有意义地活着，故答案是C．‎ 课后作业 ‎ In America， boys and girls often join clubs． The members of a club work together． They also learn certain skills and share good times．‎ ‎ Many boys belong to Boy Scouts． Boy scouts enjoy hiking and camping out together， and they learn many things． Scouts learn safety rules， first aid， and what to do when in danger． Members have a chance to learn outdoor living． They learn to build fires and cook out in the open．‎ ‎ Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls． These two clubs give their members a chance to have fun and learn． The girls in a group take trips， have parties and go hiking and camping together． The Camp Fire Girls earn honor beads （荣誉珠） for learning such skills as swimming and cooking． The Girl Scouts earn badges（徽章）．‎ ‎ Both boys and girls can be members of 4-h clubs．Children who live in either the city or the country may belong to 4-h． A project such as raising a pig or a calf can be carried on only by farm children， while city children can take part in gardening and cooking projects．‎ In all these clubs the boys and girls learn to be good and useful citizens．‎ ‎（1）Why do boys and girls join clubs according to the passage？　‎ A． To make their parents happy B． To earn honor beads and badges．‎ C． To learn skills and share good times．‎ D． To enjoy hiking and camping out．‎ ‎（2）What does Para．2 mainly talk about ？　‎ A． What to do when in danger．‎ B． Some activities of Boy Scouts．‎ C． What Boy Scouts really enjoy．‎ D． Some skills about outdoor living．‎ ‎（3）What can we know from Para.3 ？　‎ A． In America there are many clubs for girls．‎ B． Camp Fire Girls is quite popular in America．‎ C． Girls can go hiking and camping with the boys．‎ D． Girls are encouraged to learn swimming and cooking．‎ ‎（4）What is the passage mainly about ？　‎ A． Members of 4﹣h clubs in America．‎ B． Clubs for boys and girls in America．‎ C． Different kinds of clubs in America．‎ D． Children who are interested in clubs．‎ ‎【答案】 CCAB ‎【解析】‎ ‎1．C．细节理解题．根据第一段In America， boys and girls often join clubs． The members of a club work together． They also learn certain skills and share good times．在美国，男孩和女孩经常加入俱乐部．俱乐部的成员一起工作．他们也学习某些技能并分享好时光．可知，男孩和女孩加入俱乐部学习技能和分享美好时光．选C．‎ ‎2．C．段意猜测题．根据第二段 Boy scouts enjoy hiking and camping out together， and they learn many things． Scouts learn safety rules， first aid， and what to do when in danger． Members have a chance to learn outdoor living． They learn to build fires and cook out in the open．童子军喜欢一起徒步旅行和露营，他们学到很多东西．童子军学习安全规则，急救，以及在危险的时候要做什么．成员有机会学习户外生活．他们学会在户外生火和烹饪．可知，第二段主要介绍童子军真正喜欢的是什么．选C．‎ ‎3．A．短段意猜测题．根据第三段Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls女童子军和营火女孩是女孩的俱乐部．可知，在美国有很多女孩俱乐部．选A．‎ ‎4．B．主旨大意题．根据第一段In America， boys and girls often join clubs在美国，男孩女孩经常加入俱乐部．及第二段第一句Many boys belong to Boy Scouts许多男孩属于童子军．第三段第一句Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls are clubs for girls女童子军和营火女孩是女孩的俱乐部．可知，短文主要介绍美国男孩和女孩的俱乐部．选B．‎