初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析

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初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析

初三英语专题讲解 词汇辨析(一)‎ 时间:2009年05月20日    作者:匿名    来源:博客 ‎ ‎   【名师讲解】‎ ‎  1. Maybe/ may be ‎  (1) maybe是副词,意思是“大概,也许”,常用作状语。‎ ‎  Maybe you put it in your bag.也许你把它放在包里了。‎ ‎  “Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天来吗?”“也许不”。‎ ‎  (2) may be相当于是情态动词may与be动词搭配一起作谓语,意思是“也许是…,可能是…”。‎ ‎  It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他们可能于九点到达。‎ ‎  The man may be a lawyer. 那人也许是律师。‎ ‎  2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use ‎  (1) borrow表示的是从别人那里借来东西,即我们通常所说的“借进来”。‎ ‎  We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。‎ ‎  I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher. 我从老师那儿借来了这本字典。‎ ‎  borrow是一个瞬间完成的动作,因此不能与时间段连用。‎ ‎  You can borrow my recorder for three days. ( 错误 )‎ ‎  I have borrowed this book for only one week. ( 错误 )‎ ‎  (2) lend表示的是把自己的东西借给别人,即我们通常所说的“借出去”。‎ ‎  Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。‎ ‎  He often lends money to his brother.他经常借钱给他弟弟。‎ ‎  lend与borrow一样,也是一个瞬间完成的 动作,不能与一段时间连用。‎ ‎  (3) keep的意思也是“借”,但一般是指借来后的保存或使用阶段,是一段持续的时间,因此可以与时间段连用。‎ ‎  You can keep my recorder for three days.我的录音机你可以借用三天。‎ ‎  I have kept this book for only one week.这本书我才刚借了一星期。‎ ‎  (4) use也可以当“借用”讲,但它的本意是“用,使用”。‎ ‎  May I use your ruler? 我能借你的尺子用一下吗?‎ ‎  He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用这部公用电话。‎ ‎  3. leave/ leave for ‎  (1) leave意思是“离开,留下”。‎ ‎  We left Shanghai two years ago.我们两年前离开了上海。‎ ‎  He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手机落在出租车里了。‎ ‎  (2) leave for意思是“前往”,表示要去的目的地。‎ ‎  We will leave for Tibet next month.我们将于下月去西藏。‎ ‎  The train is leaving for Moscow.这趟火车即将开往莫斯科。‎ ‎  4. since/ for ‎  (1) since用于完成时态,既能用作介词,也能用作连词,后常接时间点,意思是“自从”。‎ ‎  He has been a worker since he came into this city.‎ ‎  自从他来到这个城市,他就是工人了。‎ ‎  I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .‎ ‎  自从我们上次在上海见过之后,我再也没见过他。‎ ‎  since作连词,还有“既然”的意思。‎ ‎  Since you are interested in it, just do it. 既然你对它感兴趣,那就做吧。‎ ‎  You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.‎ ‎  既然你已经做完了功课,就开心玩会儿吧。‎ ‎  (2) for用于完成时,用作介词,后常接一段时间,意思是“经过…”。‎ ‎  I have learned English for five years.我已经学了五年英语了。‎ ‎  They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他们已经等了你三十分钟了。‎ ‎  for也可以用作连词,但意思是“因为”。‎ ‎  They missed the flight for they were late.他们由于完到了而误了航班。‎ ‎  He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多种原因病倒了。‎ ‎  5. neither/ either/ both ‎  (1) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数.‎ ‎  Neither of the boys is from England.这两个男孩都不是来自英国。‎ ‎  I know neither of them. 他们两个我都不认识。‎ ‎  neither用作形容词,也修饰单数名词,意思与作代词时相同;用作连词时,一般与nor搭配,表示 “既不…也不”。作主语时,谓语动词也遵循就近原则。‎ ‎  She neither ate nor drank yesterday. 她昨天既不吃也不喝。‎ ‎  Neither he nor we play football on Sundays. 他和我们星期天都不踢球。‎ ‎  (2) either作代词时,是指两者中的任意一方,(两者之)每一个,故作主语时谓语动词用单数.‎ ‎  Either of the books is new.这两本书任何一本都是新的.‎ ‎  She doesn’t like either of the films.这两部电影她都不喜欢.‎ ‎  either作形容词, 用来修饰单数名词,意思与作介词时相同.‎ ‎  Either school is near my home. (这两所学校中的)任何一所学校都离我家很近.‎ ‎  Either question is difficult.两个问题(中的任何一个)都难.‎ ‎  either作连词时,一般与or搭配,表示两者选其一,意思是“不是…就是”。作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。‎ ‎  Either he or I am right.不是他就是我是对的。‎ ‎  Either my sister or my parents are coming to see me.不是我姐姐就是我父母要来看我。‎ ‎  (3) both作代词时,指的是所涉及到的“两者都”, 故作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎  I like both of the stories.这两个故事我都喜欢。‎ ‎  Both of my parents are teachers.我父母两人都是老师。‎ ‎  both作形容词时,用来修饰两者,意思与作代词时相同.‎ ‎  Both his arms are hurt.他的两只胳膊都受伤了。‎ ‎  Both these students are good at English. 这两个学生都擅长英语。‎ ‎  both用作连词时,多与and搭配,表示“既…又, 不仅…而且”, 作主语时,谓语动词仍用复数形式。‎ ‎  Both piano and violin are my bobbies.钢琴和小提琴都是我的爱好。‎ ‎  They study both history and physics. 他们既学历史,又学物理。‎ ‎  6. find/look for/ find out ‎  (1) find强调找的结果,意思是“找到”。此外还有“发现,发觉”的意思,后可接宾语从句。‎ ‎  Jim couldn’t find his hat.吉姆找不着帽子了。‎ ‎  Have you found your lost keys? 你找到丢失的钥匙了吗?‎ ‎  He found the lights were on along the street.他发现沿街的灯都亮了 ‎  (2) look for的意思为“寻找”,指的是找的动作而非结果。另外,还有“盼望,期待”的意思。‎ ‎  She is looking for her son.她正在找她的儿子。‎ ‎  We’ve been looking for the car since early this morning.我们从今天一大早就开始找这辆车了。‎ ‎  I look for the coming holiday.我期待着即将来临的假期。‎ ‎  (3) find out含有经过观察、研究或探索而得知的意思,后常接较抽象的事物,意思是“找出,发现,查明(真相)”等。‎ ‎  I can find out who took my money away.我能查出谁拿了我的钱。‎ ‎  Could you find out when the plane arrives? 你能设法知道飞机何时到吗?‎ ‎  7. forget to do/ forget doing ‎  (1) forget to do是指忘记去做某件事了,即该事还没有做。‎ ‎  Please don’t forget to call this afternoon.今天下午不要忘了给我打电话。‎ ‎  I forgot to take some small change with me.我身上忘了带零钱了。‎ ‎  (2) forget doing是指忘记某件已经做过的事情,即该事已经做了,但被忘记了。‎ ‎  He forgot telling me his address.他忘了告诉过我地址了。‎ ‎  They forgot having been here before.他们忘了以前曾来过这儿。‎ ‎  8. stop doing/ stop to do ‎  (1) stop doing是指停止做某事,即doing这个动作不再继续。‎ ‎  They stopped debating.他们停止了辩论。(不辩论了)‎ ‎  He had to stop driving as the traffic lights changed in to red. 由于交通灯变成了红色,他不得不停车。‎ ‎  (2) stop to do是指停下来开始做另一件事,即停止原先的事,开始做do这个动作。‎ ‎  She stopped to have a rest.她停下来休息会儿。(开始休息)‎ ‎  They stopped to talk.他们停下来开始交谈。‎ ‎  9. except/ besides ‎  (1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“撇开…不谈”,表示两部分的不同。‎ ‎  Everyone is excited except me.‎ ‎  除我以外的每个人都很激动。(他们激动,而我却不激动)‎ ‎  All the visitors are Japanese except him.‎ ‎  除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人,可他不是)‎ ‎  (2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”,可以理解为“除之外…还、除之外…又”,表示两部分的相似性。‎ ‎  Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.‎ ‎  除他以外,还有25个学生去看了电影。(他和另外25人都去了)‎ ‎  We like biology besides English.‎ ‎  除了英语外,我们还喜欢生物。(生物和英语都喜欢)‎ ‎  besides还可用作副词,意思是“此外;而且”,常用于句首或句尾。‎ ‎  He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.‎ ‎  他是一名伟大的思想家,除此以外,他还是一位政治家。‎ ‎  They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.‎ ‎  他们不仅鼓励我,而且与我以金钱上的支持。‎ ‎  10. keep doing/ keep on doing ‎  (1) keep doing指的是连续地、坚持不断地做某事,中间不间断。‎ ‎  It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天风了。‎ ‎  The temperature keeps dropping.温度持续下降。‎ ‎  (2) keep on doing是指反复坚持做某事,但动作之间略有间隔。‎ ‎  They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他们已经互相通信多年了。‎ ‎  After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后,他坚持讲话。‎ ‎  11. seem/ look  ‎ ‎  (1) seem一般着重于以客观迹象为依据,意思是“似乎、好象、看起来…”。‎ ‎  The baby seems to be happy.婴儿看上去似乎很高兴。‎ ‎  He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎为那件事感到抱歉。‎ ‎  seem能与to do结构连用,而look不能。‎ ‎  It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨了。‎ ‎  They seemed to have finished their work.他们似乎已经完成了工作。‎ ‎  在it作形式主语的句型中只能用seem。‎ ‎  It seems that he is quite busy now.他现在看起来很忙。‎ ‎  It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看来没什么大不了的。‎ ‎  (2) look用作“看起来;好像”时,常从物体的外观或样貌上来判断,是以视觉所接受的印象为依据的。‎ ‎  The room looks clean.这间房看起来很干净。‎ ‎  The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起来向她的妈妈。‎ ‎  12. such/ so ‎  (1)such常用作形容词,用来修饰名词。‎ ‎  Don’t be such a fool.别这么傻。‎ ‎  He is such a clever boy.他是如此聪明的一个男孩。‎ ‎  (2) so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。‎ ‎  He is so kind! 他真好心!‎ ‎  Why did you come so late? 你为何回来得如此晚?‎ ‎  当名词前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少时,应该用so。‎ ‎  He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。‎ ‎  Only so little time is left! 才剩这么一点儿时间!‎ ‎  13. either/ too/ also ‎  (1)either用作“也”时是副词,常用于否定句句尾。‎ ‎  She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人,我也不是。‎ ‎  My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜欢这首歌。‎ ‎  (2)too常用于肯定句或疑问句尾,表示“也”。‎ ‎  He likes China, too.他也喜欢中国。‎ ‎  Are you in Grade 3, too? 你也在三年级吗?‎ ‎  (3)also也常用于肯定句或疑问句,但一般位于句中。‎ ‎  We are also students.我们也是学生。‎ ‎  He also went there on foot.他也是走着去的。‎ ‎  Did you also want to have a look? 你也想看看吗?‎ ‎  14. if/ whether ‎  在下列情况下只能用whether而非if:‎ ‎  (1)与or not连用时,只能用whether.‎ ‎  We want to know whether you are ill or not. 我们想知道你是否生病了。‎ ‎  Please tell me whether or not you have finished your work.‎ ‎  请告诉我们你是否完成了工作。‎ ‎  (2)后接动词不定式时,只能用whether.‎ ‎  Adam didn’t know whether to go or stay.亚当不知道是走还是留。‎ ‎  He hasn’t decided whether to have dinner with me.他还没决定是否和我共进晚餐。‎ ‎  (3)所引导的宾语从句放在主句之前时,只能用whether.‎ ‎  Whether it will rain or snow, we don’t mind. 我们不在乎将要刮风还是下雨。‎ ‎  Whether I won or lost, she didn’t want to know.我是赢是输她不想知道。‎ ‎  (4)引导主语从句或表语从句时,一般用whether.‎ ‎  The most important was whether they had gone.最重要的是他们是不是已经走了。‎ ‎  Whether he will go with me is a secret.他是否会和我一起去还是个秘密。‎ ‎  if能引导条件状语从句,表示“如果,假如”,而whether没有此用法。‎ ‎  We’ll have a football match if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我们要进行足球赛。‎ ‎  I’ll tell him if I sees him.我看见他就告诉他。‎ ‎  If you’re in danger, please call 110.如果你遇到危险,请拨打110。‎ ‎  15. cost/ spend/ pay/ take ‎  (1) cost一般用某物来做主语,表示“(某物)值…、花费…”,既能指花费时间也能指金钱。‎ ‎  The new bike costs me 300 yuan.这辆新自行车花了我三百元。‎ ‎  It will cost you a whole to read through this book.通读这本书将会花费你整整一周时间。‎ ‎  cost 还可以用作名词,表示“成本、费用、价格、代价”等。‎ ‎  What’s the cost of this TV set? 这台电视机的成本是多少钱?‎ ‎  They succeeded at the cost of hard work.他们辛苦地工作换来的成功。‎ ‎  (2) spend一般用某人来作主语,表示“(某人)花费…,付出…”,也能指时间或金钱,指时间时常与in搭配,指金钱时常与on或for搭配。‎ ‎  We spent two days in repairing this machine.我们花了两天时间修理这台机器。‎ ‎  Mr. Lee spends $20 on books every month.李先生每月花二十美元在书上。‎ ‎  (3) pay用作动词时,一般也以某人作主语,但一般指花钱、付款等,很少用来指花费时间。常与for搭配使用。‎ ‎  They paid 70 yuan for the tickets.他们花了七十元买票。‎ ‎  He was too poor to pay for his schooling.他穷得交不起学费。‎ ‎  pay还可以用作名词,意思为“薪水、工资”等。‎ ‎  It’s hard for me to live with such low pay.我很难靠这么低的薪水生活下去。‎ ‎  (4)take也指“花费(时间、金钱)”,但通常用某事、某物做主语,或用形式主语it.‎ ‎  How long will the meeting take? 会议要开多久?‎ ‎  It took me several hours to get there. 我花了几个小时才到那儿。‎ ‎  16. bad/ badly ‎  这两个词的意思含有“坏、糟、严重”等意思,且它们有共同的比较级worse和最高级worst 。‎ ‎  (1) bad是一个形容词,意思是“坏的,糟糕的,差的,严重的”。‎ ‎  I don’t think he is a bad person.我并不认为他是一个坏人。‎ ‎  I had a bad headache.我的头疼得很厉害。‎ ‎  (2)badly是一个副词,意思是“不好地,差”,也可以表示程度,意为“严重地,非常,极度”。‎ ‎  We need help badly.我们急需帮助。‎ ‎  His arm was badly hurt.他的胳膊严重受伤了。‎ ‎  17. interested/ interesting ‎  (1) interested是指“对…产生兴趣的,对…感兴趣的”,一般用人做主语,后常用介词in.‎ ‎  He was interested in biology before.他以前对生物感兴趣。‎ ‎  I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。‎ ‎  (2)interesting的意思是“有趣的”,指能够给人带来兴趣的某人或某事物。‎ ‎  He is an interesting old man.他是个有趣的老头。‎ ‎  The interesting story attracted me. 这个有趣的故事吸引了我。‎ ‎  18. dead/ die/ death/ dying ‎  (1) dead是形容词,意思为“死了的、无生命的”,表示状态,可以与一段时间连用。‎ ‎  The tree has been dead for ten years.这棵树死了有十年了。‎ ‎  The rabbits are all dead. 这些兔子都是死的。‎ ‎  (2) die是动词,意思为“死、死亡”,是一个瞬间动词,不能与一段时间连用。‎ ‎  My grandpa died two years ago.我爷爷两年前去世了。‎ ‎  The old man died of cancer.老人死于癌症。‎ ‎  (3) death是名词,意思为“死亡、去世”等。‎ ‎  The memorial hall was built one year after his death.‎ ‎  他死后一年,纪念馆建成了。‎ ‎  His death is a great loss to us.他的死是我们的巨大损失。‎ ‎  (4) dying 是die的现在分词,用作形容词,意思是“垂死的、即将死去的”。‎ ‎  The doctors have saved the dying man.医生们救活了那个垂死的人。‎ ‎  The poor dog had no food, it was dying.可怜的狗没有食物,快要饿死了。‎ ‎【名师讲解】‎ ‎  1. be able to/ can ‎  (1) 都能表示“能够,具备干某件事的能力”这个含义,此时可以互换。‎ ‎  Mr. Green is able to finish the work on time.‎ ‎  = Mr. Green can finish the work on time.‎ ‎  格林先生能够按时完成这项工作。‎ ‎  (2) be able to可以用于各种时态,而can 为情态动词,多用于现在时,其过去式为could。‎ ‎  We are sure he will be able to be an artist when he grows up.‎ ‎  我们相信他长大后能够成为一名画家。‎ ‎  Miss Lin has been able to pay the car by herself.‎ ‎  林小姐已经能够自己负担那辆车了。‎ ‎  (4) Can除了表示“能够,有能力做某事”以外,还有如下用法,而be able to 则没有。表示请求,但语 ‎  气没有could委婉 ‎  Can I have a look at this picture? 我能看看这张图片吗?‎ ‎  Can we leave school after 6:00 p.m. ?我们可以在下午6点之后再离开学校吗?‎ ‎  表示可能性。‎ ‎  That man can’t be our new teacher. 那人不可能是我们的新老师。‎ ‎  The exam can’t be too difficult.考试不会太难。‎ ‎  2. bring/ take/carry/fetch ‎  (1) bring一般是指拿来,即从别处往说话人这里拿,翻译成“带来”。‎ ‎  He brought us some good news.他给我们带来了一些好消息。‎ ‎  Please don’t forget to bring your homework tomorrow.‎ ‎  明天请别忘了把家庭作业带来。‎ ‎  (2) take一般是指从说话人这里往别处拿,翻译成“带走”。‎ ‎  Please take the umbrella with you. It’s going to rain.要下雨了,请把伞带上。‎ ‎  She took the dictionary away.她把字典拿走了。‎ ‎  (3) carry不强调方向,表示“携带、背着、运送、搬扛”等意思。‎ ‎  They carried the boxes into the factory. 他们把箱子搬进了工厂。‎ ‎  A taxi carried them to the station. 出租车送他们到了车站 ‎  (4) fetch表示的是“去取来、去拿来、去叫来”等意思,包含去和来两趟。‎ ‎  The waiter fetched them some apples.侍者为他们取来了一些苹果。‎ ‎  Mother fetched the doctor for her ill son.妈妈为生病的儿子请来了医生。‎ ‎  3. whole/ all ‎  (1) whole强调一个完整如一,互不分割的整体。‎ ‎  The whole country is suffering the war. 整个国家正遭遇战争。‎ ‎  I just want to know the whole story.我仅仅只想知道完整的故事。‎ ‎  whole在句中的位置是放在所有格,冠词和指示代词的之后。‎ ‎  They will spend their whole holiday in Canada.‎ ‎  他们将到加拿大渡过整个假期。(所有格后)‎ ‎  She has finished writing the whole book. 她已经写完了整本书。(冠词后 ‎  whole用来修饰可数名词(名词用单数)。‎ ‎  He ate the whole cake. 他把整个蛋糕都吃了。(强调整整一个蛋糕)‎ ‎  (2) all强调由一个个部分组成的“全部”。‎ ‎  Miss Green knew all the students in the class.‎ ‎  格林小姐认识这个班上的所有人。(一个一个全认识)‎ ‎  all在句中的位置是放在所有格,定冠词和指示代词的之前。‎ ‎  Jim finished all his homework in twenty minutes.‎ ‎  吉姆在20分钟之内完成了所有的作业。(所有格前)‎ ‎  Of all the boys here, he sings best.在这里所有的男孩之中,他唱的最好。(定冠词前)‎ ‎  The boy can answer all these questions.那个男孩能够回答所有的这些问题。(指示代词前)‎ ‎  all既能修饰可数名词(名词须用复数),又能修饰不可数名词。‎ ‎  All these five books are mine.这五本书都是我的。(修饰可数名词)‎ ‎  She was worried about her son all the time.她总在为她的儿子担心。(修饰不可数名词)‎ ‎  4. fill/ full ‎  (1) fill常作动词,与with连用,意思是“注满、装满”,也能表示“填空;补缺”的意思。‎ ‎  He filled the box with chalk.他把粉笔装满了盒子。‎ ‎  The bucket is filled with water.水桶里装满了水。‎ ‎  (2) full是形容词,翻译成“满的,装满的”,常与of连用。此外还能表示“完全的”和“吃饱的,过饱的”。‎ ‎  All the rooms are full of people.所有的房间都满人了。‎ ‎  The bus was full. He had to wait for the next one.这辆车人满了,他只有等下一辆。‎ ‎  5. be made of/ be made from/ be made in/ be made into ‎  (1) be made of表示"由…制成", 一般指能够看出原材料,或发生的是物理变化。‎ ‎  This table cloth is made of paper.这张桌布是由纸做的。‎ ‎  This salad is made of apples and strawberries.这种沙拉是由苹果和草莓做的。‎ ‎  (2) be made from也表示"由…制成",但一般指看不出原材料,或发生的是化学变化。‎ ‎  Bread is made from corn.面包是小麦做的。‎ ‎  The lifeboat is made from some special material.这个救生艇是由某种特殊材料制成的。‎ ‎  (3) be made in指的是产地,意思为"于…制造"。‎ ‎  The caps are made in Russia.这些帽子产于俄罗斯。‎ ‎  My mother likes to buy things which are made in China.‎ ‎  我妈妈喜欢买中国产的东西。‎ ‎  (4) be made into的意思为"被制成为…"。‎ ‎  This piece of wood will be made into a small bench. 这块木头将要被制成一个小凳。‎ ‎  The paper has been made into clothes for the doll. 纸被做成了洋娃娃的衣服。‎ ‎  6. none/ no one/ neither ‎  (1) none既能指人,又能指物,意思是"没有一个,无一",常用作代词,与of连用。‎ ‎  None of us has heard of him before.我们没有一个人以前听说过他。‎ ‎  I like none of the coats. 那些外套我一件都不喜欢。‎ ‎  none用作主语时,谓语动词用单复数皆可。‎ ‎  None of the answers is true.没有一个答案是正确的。‎ ‎  None of the rooms are mine.没有一间房子是我的。‎ ‎  (2) no one只能用来指人,且不能与of连用。‎ ‎  No one is absent.没有人缺席。‎ ‎  I knew no one there.那里我一个人也不认识。‎ ‎  no one用作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数。‎ ‎  No one agrees with you. 没有人同意你的说法。‎ ‎  (3) neither作代词是对两者都进行否定,意思为"两者都不",作主语时谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎  Neither of the boys is from England. 这两个男孩都不是来自英国。‎ ‎  I know neither of them.他们两个我都不认识。‎ ‎  7. found/ find ‎  (1) find的意思是"找到、发现",其过去式和过去分词都是found.‎ ‎  I can't find my glasses.我找不着我的眼镜了。‎ ‎  He found it boring to sit here alone.他发现独自坐在这里很没劲。‎ ‎  (2) found是另外一个词,与find并没有关系,意思是"成立、建设",常用作及物动词。‎ ‎  The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949.中华人民共和国成立于1949年。‎ ‎  The school was founded by the local residents.这所学校是由当地居民修建的。‎ ‎  8. hear / hear of/ hear from ‎  (1)hear的意思是"听见;听说,得知",后面能接名词、代词或宾语从句。‎ ‎  We heard the news just a moment ago.我刚听说这个消息。‎ ‎  Can you hear me? 能听见我说话吗?‎ ‎  (2) hear of的意思是"听说",一般指非直接的听见,而是听别人说的。后不能接宾语从句。‎ ‎  I have never heard of her.我从未听说过她。‎ ‎  They heard of the film long time ago.他们很久以前就听说过这部电影。‎ ‎  (3) hear from的意思是"收到来信",与"听"无关。‎ ‎  I often hear from him. 我经常收到他的来信。‎ ‎  He hasn't heard from his mother for a long time.他很久没有收到妈妈的信了 ‎  9. send/ send for ‎  (1) send意思是"送往,派遣",还有"发信,寄信"的意思。‎ ‎  The company sent him to study abroad.公司派他到国外学习去了。‎ ‎  Mr. Brown sent her children away.布郎夫人送走了孩子们。‎ ‎  (2) send for意思是"召唤;派人去取;派人去拿",而非本人亲自去。‎ ‎  They have sent for a repairman.他们已经派人去请了一名修理工。‎ ‎  She sent for some flowers.她派了人去买花。‎ ‎  10. get to/ arrive/ reach ‎  (1) arrive后不能直接接地点,是一个不及物动词。若表示到达一个相对大的地点,用arrive in ; 若表示相对小的地点,用arrive at .‎ ‎  The delegation will arrive in China at 5:00 p.m.代表团将于下午5:00到达北京。‎ ‎  It was dark when they arrived at the railway station.当他们到达火车站的时候,天已经黑了。‎ ‎  When did she arrive here last time? 她上次是什么时候到这儿的?(副词前省略介词)‎ ‎  (2) reach能直接接所到达的地点,是一个及物动词。‎ ‎  They reached London on Friday.他们星期五到达了伦敦。‎ ‎  The news only reached me yesterday.我于昨天才接到这个消息。‎ ‎  reach还有"伸手去取,伸手触及,联络"等意思。‎ ‎  Can you reach that apple on the tree? 你能够到树上的哪个苹果吗?‎ ‎  He can always be reached on the phone.可随时打电话跟他联系。‎ ‎  (3) get在表示"到达"时是不及物动词,应与to搭配使用。‎ ‎  We often get to school on foot.我们经常步行到学校。‎ ‎  They got to the top of the hill at noon.他们于中午到达了山顶。‎ ‎ -【名师讲解】‎ ‎  1. think/ think/about/ think of ‎  (1) think 单独使用时表示"思考", 接that 宾语从句时意为"认为","觉得"。‎ ‎  I am thinking how to work out the problem.‎ ‎  I think she is a good student.‎ ‎  当宾语从句含有否定概念时,通常形式上否定think ,但意义上却是否定宾语从句。‎ ‎  I don't think he can come.‎ ‎  I don't think it will be windy.‎ ‎  (2)think about 可接一个名词,动词-ing 形式或由疑问词引导的不定式或宾语从句,意思是"考虑……"。‎ ‎  I have thought about it for a long time.‎ ‎  Please think about how to tell her the bad news.‎ ‎  (3)think of 表示"认为", 一般用于疑问句中,与what 连用。‎ ‎  What do you think of the TV play? = How do you like theTV play?‎ ‎  2. big/ large/ great ‎  上述形容词都表示"大",但侧重点及程度不同。‎ ‎  (1) big指具体事物的大小,强调比正常形体的标准大,既可用在普通场合,也可用在正式场合。它可用来指人的身材高大或"长大了",还可表示"伟大","重要"之意。如:‎ ‎  Can you lift up this big stone?‎ ‎  On the last day I made a big decision.‎ ‎  (2) large特别强调远远超过标准的大,指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。如:‎ ‎  A whale is a large animal.‎ ‎  A large crowd collected at the gate of the theatre.‎ ‎  (3) great除了表示数量体积之大外,又指抽象的程度,意味着伟大性,重要性, 优越性;常用于抽象 ‎  或无形的东西;用于有形的东西时,常带有"伟大","大得令人吃惊"等意思,含有一定的感情色彩。如:‎ ‎  China is a great country with a long history.‎ ‎  He was one of the greatest scientists.‎ ‎  3. cost/ take/ spend/ pay ‎  (1) cost表示"花钱",花费,付出(只能用于钱、精力、生命等;主语必须是物。)‎ ‎  The book cost me five yuan.‎ ‎  (2) take的主语是动词不定式, 通常用it做形式主语。‎ ‎  It took me five yuan to buy the book..‎ ‎  (3) spend,在主动语句中主语是人 ‎  I spent five yuan on (for) the book.或I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.‎ ‎  (4) pay的主语是人。‎ ‎  I paid five yuan for the book.‎ ‎  4. expensive/ high/ cheap/ low ‎  这四个词在谈论到价格的高低时,要注意使用。expensive与high涉及到价格"高",而cheap 与low涉及到价格"低"。‎ ‎  (1) expensive昂贵的,花钱多的。这个单词若谈到"价格高,货贵"时,其主语不能是价格,必须是货物、物品本身。如:‎ ‎  This watch is expensive. 这只表很贵。‎ ‎  These glass-products are not expensive. 这些玻璃制品不是很值钱。‎ ‎  注意:cheap表示"价廉","便宜的",其主语也不能是价格,必须是物品本身。如:‎ ‎  The cheap table was bought from him. 这张便宜的桌子是他卖给我们的。‎ ‎  This cloth doll is very cheap. 这只布娃娃很便宜。‎ ‎  (2)high在表示价格时,含义是"高",low在表示价格时,含义是"低",这两个词不能用于物品本身,只能用在价格上。如:‎ ‎  The price of this watch is very high. 这只表的价格太高了。‎ ‎  The price of this book is not low for me. 这本书的价格对我来说是不低。‎ ‎  下面我们试看几个句子的正误对照:‎ ‎  The price of this computer is expensive.‎ ‎  (宜改为:This computer is expensive. 或The price of this computer is high. )‎ ‎  The price of this pen is not cheap for him to buy.‎ ‎  (宜改为:This pen is not cheap for him to buy. 或 The price of this pen is not low for him. )‎ ‎  5. alone/ lonely ‎  lonely 与alone的意思比较接近,但在使用时有所区别:‎ ‎  (1)lonely用作形容词,意思是"孤单的;寂寞的"。可指心灵上的寂寞,也可指偏僻的地点。在句中既可作表语,也可作定语。‎ ‎  (2)alone 可作形容词和副词,意思是"单独;独自",不指心理上寂寞的感觉。‎ ‎  She was taken to a lonely island, lived alone, but she never felt lonely.‎ ‎  她被带到一个荒岛上,自己居住,但她从不感到寂寞。‎ ‎  6. before long/ long before ‎  (1)before long 作“不久以后”讲,切不要按字面译为“长时间以前”或“好久以前”。如:‎ ‎  We hope to finish our experiment before long. 我们希望不久(以后)就把实验做完。‎ ‎  (2)long before 作"很久以前"讲。原意为"……以前很久",故也可译为"老早"。long before 跟before long ‎  不同,前者在其后面可以接名词或一个从句;当上下文明确时,名词或从句还可以省略。Before long 则没有上述搭配用法。‎ ‎  They began the test yesterday, but we had made experiment long before.‎ ‎  我们昨天开始做实验,但我们在那以前很久就已经做准备了。‎ ‎  7. as/ when/ while ‎  (1)as 是连词,意思是"当……的时候,一面……一面",(强调同时,一般连续时间不长),如:‎ ‎  As we were talking about Titanic, our teacher came in.‎ ‎  正当我们谈论"泰坦尼克号"这部电影时,教师进来了。‎ ‎  The students sing as they go along. 学生们边走边唱。‎ ‎  (2)When和as一样都是连词,注意它们的不同。如when"当……的时候"(一般表示动作紧接着发生);"那时"(等立连词,前有逗号分开)‎ ‎  I stayed till sunset, when it began to rain. 我一直呆到太阳下山,那时天开始下雨了。‎ ‎  (3)while是"当……时候;和……同时"(强调同时发生,一般连续时间较长)‎ ‎  While I was watching TV, he was reading. 当我在看电视的时候,他正在看书。‎ ‎  While there is life, there is hope. 有生命就有希望。‎ ‎  8. beat/win/ hit ‎  (1)beat 是动词,意思是"连续地打; 打败; 敲打"。beat后可接人或队名。意思是"击败对手。"如:‎ ‎  I can beat you at swimming.‎ ‎  (2)win意思是"赢得某个项目",后面常接"match, game"。如:‎ ‎  He won a game. 他胜一局。‎ ‎  We won a match. 我们比赛得胜。‎ ‎  (3)hit意思是"击中"(有时可表示"打一下")。如:‎ ‎  The mother hit her child out of anger. 妈妈生气,打了她孩子一下。‎ ‎  9. keep doing/keep on doing ‎  (1)keep doing侧重表示"持续不停地做某事"或"持续某种状态"。如:‎ ‎  The girl kept crying all the time. 那个女孩一直在哭。‎ ‎  The baby kept sleeping about four hours. 这个婴儿连续睡了大约四个小时。‎ ‎  (2)keep on doing 表示"总不断做某事",不表示静止状态。不能与sitting, sleeping, lying, standing这类词连用。如:‎ ‎  It kept on raining for seven days.‎ ‎  Don't keep on asking such silly questions.‎ ‎  10. get/ turn/ become ‎  这三个词都可作系动词用,表示状态的变化,后跟表语,但三个词的用法稍有不同。get强调情感、气候和环境的变化;turn强调色彩的变化;而become则强调职务、职称等的变化。如:‎ ‎  The days are getting shorter and shorter in winter.冬天的白天越来越短。‎ ‎  She couldn't answer the question and her face turned red.她回答不出问题,脸红了。‎ ‎  When did you become a teacher? - Ten years ago.你什么时候当的老师?十年前。‎ ‎  11. steal / rob ‎  从意思上讲steal表示偷窃的意思。而rob表示抢劫的意思;从搭配上来讲,steal sth from sb/sth ;而rob则用rob sb/sth of sth; 例如:‎ ‎  He stole money from the rich to give it to the poor.‎ ‎  They robbed the bank of one million dollars.‎ ‎  12. see/look/watch/notice ‎  在英语中,see,look,watch,notice都有“看”的意思,要注意他们的区别。‎ ‎  see意为“看到”,表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体,强调“看到”的结果。‎ ‎  look意为“看”,表示有意识地观看,强调“看”的动作。‎ ‎  watch意为“观看,注视”,指以较大的注意力观看。‎ ‎  notice意为“看到,注意到”,指有意识的注意,含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。例如:‎ ‎  What can you see in the picture?在图画中你能看到什么?‎ ‎  Look! How happily they are playing!看!他们玩得多高兴啊!‎ ‎  He’s watched TV for over two hours.他看了两个多小时的电视。‎ ‎  He noticed a purse lying on the road.他注意到地上有个钱包。‎ ‎  13. Shoot/ shoot at ‎  shoot是及物动词,意思是“射中,射死”,宾语多为人或动物等。而shoot at是一个动词词组,意为“向……射击”,至于射中或射死与否不得而知。如:‎ ‎  The man shot five birds in the forest.那个人在森林里射死(中)了五只鸟。‎ ‎  The hunter shot at the bear.猎人朝熊射击了。‎ ‎  They shot at the she-wolf, but didn't shoot her.他们向那只母狼射击,但是没有射中/死。‎ ‎  14. escape/ run away ‎  (1)escape作“逃跑”、“逃脱”或“逃避”讲时,往往会有成功之意。如:‎ ‎  The old man escaped death.那个老人死里逃生。‎ ‎  The thief escaped from prison.那个小偷越狱了。‎ ‎  (2)run away作“逃跑”、“跑走”讲时,往往强调动作。如:‎ ‎  Don't let him run away. 别让他跑了。‎ ‎  口语中escape和run away可以互用。‎ ‎  15. so that..../ so... that....‎ ‎  (1) so that....为了,以便 。引导一个目的状语从句,从句中往往有情态动词。也可引导一个结果状语从句。如:‎ ‎  I left at 5:00 so that I could catch the early bus.‎ ‎  Speak loudly, so that they can hear what you say.‎ ‎  He didn't study English so that he lost a chance to work in a foreign company.‎ ‎  (2) so... that....既可引导一个结果状语从句,也可引导一个目的状语从句。‎ ‎  如:The classroom was so noisy that I could hardly study.‎ ‎  I got up so early in the morning that I could catch the train.‎
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