中考英语复习： 谈在书面表达中写长句

中考英语复习： 谈在书面表达中写长句

谈在书面表达中写长句 如何在书面表达中写出漂亮的长句,是困扰很多同学的一个问题。虽然有些同学很擅长 剖析长句,但在考场上却很难写出长句来。笔者今天就介绍几种方法,希望能帮助大家在书面 表达中扩句、写长句。以一句非常简洁的简单句为例: The dictionary contains information. ① 方法一:添加插入语 插入语多半用逗号与主句隔开,用来表示说话者对主句所表达意思的态度。插入语可能 是一个词、一个短语或一个句子,分类如下: ★ 常用作插入语的副词:indeed、surely、 obviously、frankly、naturally、 fortunately、strangely、 briefly 等; ★ 常用作插入语的短语:strange to say、 needless to say、 most important of all、 worse still、as a matter of fact 等; ★ 常用作插入语的分词短语:strictly speaking、generally speaking、judging from 等; ★ 常用作插入语的不定式短语:to be sure、to sum up、to tell the truth 等; 例句①插入插入语后可写成:To be sure(固然), the dictionary contains information. ② 方法二:添加形式主语从句 添加形式主语从句是常用的一种写长句的方法。我们先来看一下形式主语从句是如何构 成的。 大家先来看一个例句: (That the system is important) is obvious. 这句话的主语由一个主语从句来充当,主语看起来过长,容易造成“头重脚轻”的感觉。 所以,我们习惯于用 it 来代替原来的主语,而把句子真正的主语(即逻辑主语)放在句子的最 后。这句话可改为:It is obvious that the system is important. “It is obvious that”在这里就是形式主语从句。这种句型在高考题中经常出现,比 较常用的有如下几种类型: ★It + be 动词 + 形容词 + that:It's obvious that;It's apparent that;It's undoubted that; It's undeniable that;It's noticeable that 等; ★It + be 动词 + 动词过去分词 + that:It's said that;It's believed that;It is widely accepted that;It is universally acknowledged that;It's estimated that 等; ★It + 情态动词 + 动词过去分词 + that:It must be admitted that;It must be stressed that;It cannot be denied that;It can be foreseen that 等; ★ 其他:It is often the case that;It goes without saying that 等。 例句②插入形式主语从句后可写成:To be sure, it must be admitted that the dictionary contains information. ③ 方法三:添加形容词或短语 在名词前添加形容词或短语能增强句子的生动性。大家在平常的学习中可以注意多积累 一些写作高频词汇,准备一本多样用词本,会让我们一劳永逸。写作中常用到的形容词或词组 举例如下: ★ 更,越来越…… a / an / the increasing / growing / climbing number / amount of ★ 重要的,关键的 vital、 crucial、indispensable ★ 很多,许多 plenty of、a great deal of、a large / considerable number / amount of、a wealth of、a flood of ★ 明显的 obvious、evident、self-evident、apparent 例句③插入形容词和短语后可写成:To be sure, it must be admitted that the newly-published dictionary contains a great deal of clear, valuable and effective information. ④ 方法四:添加后置定语或定语从句 在名词后添加后置定语或定语从句可以使句子更为生动、具体和清晰。而定语从句也有 多种写作方式,能丰富写作风格、提高语言表达能力。其中非限定性定语从句是写作中扩句 的神秘武器,它可以将两个简单句轻松转变成逻辑清晰的主从句形式。例如: 1. Online learning can avoid unnecessary distraction. It means that students can really focus on their course. 写成带有非限定性定语从句的形式为:Online learning can avoid unnecessary distraction, which means that students can really focus on their course. (在线学 习能避免不必要的注意力分散问题,这就意味着学生们能真正把注意力集中于他们的课程当 中。) 2. The number of mobile phone users increased surprisingly from 2001 to 2009. It can be seen from the bar chart. 写成带有非限定性定语从句的形式为:As can be seen from the bar chart, the number of mobile phone users increased surprisingly from 2001 to 2009. (从图中可以看出, 手机用户的人数从 2001 年至 2009 年增长惊人。) 例句④插入定语从句后可写成:To be sure, it must be admitted that the newly-published dictionary, which is the best seller in Shanghai Bookmall, contains a great deal of clear and valuable information about human activities. 通过以上几种方法,一个漂亮的长句就呈现在大家面前了。当然,扩句和写长句的方式还 有很多,包括利用连词合并句子、强调句式等等。相信通过练习这些方法,大家能轻松写出长 句,在考场上发挥自如。