四川省资阳市雁江区2014届九年级上学期期中联考英语试题

四川省资阳市雁江区2014届九年级上学期期中联考英语试题

雁江区2013-2014年度联考九年级上半期测试卷 英 语 第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共75分）‎ 第一部分 听力理解（一）（共三节，满分15分）‎ 第一节（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 听下面5段对话，从题中所给的3个选项中选出与其意思相符的图片，每段对话读一遍。‎ ‎( )1. What belongs to Lily’s sister?‎ ‎ A B C ‎( )2. What may be John doing? ‎ A B C ‎( )3. Who might be Sam? ‎ A B C ‎( )4. What is behind the two speakers? ‎ A B C ‎( )5. What may Mr Smith look like? ‎ A B C 16‎ 第二节（共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 听对话，从题中所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话读两遍。‎ ‎（ ）6. What is the relationship of the two speakers?‎ A. A teacher and a student. B. A mother and a son. C. A brother and a sister.‎ ‎（ ）7. How long has the woman lived in Shanghai?‎ A. Three years ago B. For two years C. Since four years ago.‎ ‎（ ）8. How many students have passed the exam?‎ A. 500 B. ‎503 ‎‎ C. 497‎ ‎（ ）9. What does Jill mean?‎ A. She made the dress herself. B. Her mother bought the dress for her.‎ C. Her mother made the dress for her.‎ ‎（ ）10. How much has the man paid for the CDs?‎ ‎ A. ＄10 B. ＄‎15 C. ＄20‎ 第三节 （共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 听两段对话，从题中所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话读两遍 听第一段对话，回答11、12两小题 ‎（ ）11. What’s wrong with the woman?‎ ‎ A. She is tired. B. She couldn’t sleep well last night C. Her head hurts.‎ ‎（ ）12. What is the doctor’s advice?‎ ‎ A. Work hard . B. Eat more vegetables. C. Do more sports.‎ 听第二段对话，回答13-15小题。‎ ‎（ ）13. What does the man do?‎ A. He is a waiter. B. He is a worker. C. He is a teacher.‎ ‎（ ）14. What club does the man want to join?‎ ‎ A. The swimming club. B. The hiking club. C. The camping club.‎ ‎（ ）15. Why does the man want to join the club?‎ ‎ A. Because he likes hiking. B. Because he wants to make many new friends.‎ C. Both A and B.‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分）‎ 第一节 单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）‎ ‎（ ）16. Tom is an boy.‎ A. 12-year-old B. 8-year-old C. 8-years-old D. 12-years-old ‎（ ）17. .I think students should _______ to have at least one hour a day for sports. That’s good for their health.‎ A. allow B. not allow C. be allowed D. not be allowed ‎（ ）18. He used to______ up late, but he is used to_____ up early now.‎ ‎ A. get; get B. getting; getting C. getting; get D. get; getting ‎ ‎（ ）19. – Do you know if he to play basketball with us?‎ 16‎ ‎ --I think he will come if he free tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. comes, is B. comes, will be C. will come, is D. will come, will be ‎（ ）20.—Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who it be? Is it Wei Fang?‎ ‎ --No, it be her. She is at school now.‎ ‎ A. will, may not B. must, mustn’t C. may, can’t D. may, won’t ‎（ ）21. —If I were rich enough, I_____ anything you wanted.‎ ‎ A. will buy B. would buy C. buy D. bought ‎（ ）22.——Amy cut her finger by accident yesterday. ——_____.‎ A. So does she B. So did she C. So she does D. So she did ‎ ‎（ ） 23.—How do you study ________ a test ? ‎ ‎ —I study ______working _______ a group.‎ ‎ A. for, in, with B. for, by, at C. for, by, with D. of, in, by ‎( ) 24. Our teacher told us the earth ________ round the sun all the time.‎ ‎            A. traveled        B. travels         C. will travel          D. travel ‎ ( ) 25. Do you have any trouble the foreigners?‎ ‎ A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood ‎( ) 26.________ people went to the concert last week .‎ ‎ A. Hundred B. Three millions C. Millions of D. Three million of ‎( ) 27. I would rather _____ English than ______ words.‎ A. reading ; write B. read ; writing C. read; write D. reading; writing ‎( ) 28. I really want to know which CDs belong to ______.‎ A. my B. ours C. us D. mine ‎（ ）29.There are so many beautiful MP‎3 in the shop. We can’t decide______.‎ ‎ A. what to buy. B. to buy what C. which to buy D. to buy which.‎ ‎（ ）30. My watch doesn’t work. I want to get it _________ tomorrow. ‎ A. repaired B. repairs C. to repair D. repairing 第二节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）‎ I have had thousands of classes since I started school nine years ago. But only one 31 was the most important. ‎ It happened last term just after I had got a 32 result in an exam. I was sad and had lost my confidence. I decided to go to a class which can tell me how to be 33 . ‎ The speaker walked into the room. But he did not start talking 34 a teacher. Instead, he held up a twenty yuan note(钞票) !‎ ‎“Who wants this?” he asked. Unsurprisingly, 35 of us in the class held up our hands. ‎ The speaker smiled. Then he put up the note on the blackboard and asked the same question. Again, we all put up our hands. The speaker smiled again, but 36 nothing. Suddenly, he threw the note onto the floor! Then he asked the same ‎37 a third time. ‎ I didn’t 38 what the speaker was doing. Why was he asking the same question again ‎ 16‎ and again? I didn't know what to do. I wanted the note, 39 I put my hand up again. After a while, he 40 the note and started to laugh. “You have all just told me how to become successful,” 41 said to us with the note in his hand.‎ ‎“The note is worth（值得）twenty yuan. It is 42 worth twenty yuan, even though I throw it on the floor. You are like the note. No matter 43 happens to you, you still have your worth（价值）.”‎ When I heard those words, I was deeply moved. Suddenly, I 44 I was worth a lot. I may have done badly in an exam, but it doesn't 45 I can’ t do well in the future. If I believe in myself, I will be successful!‎ ‎( )31. A. classroom B. subject C. class D. school ‎( )32. A. same B. good C. lucky D. bad ‎( )33. A. comfortable B. successful C. famous D. rich ‎( )34. A. like B. for C. about D. by ‎( )35. A. both B. neither C. all D. none ‎( )36. A. said B. bought C. saw D. wanted ‎( )37. A. student B. teacher C. question D. way ‎( )38. A. remember B. understand C. notice D. find ‎ ‎( )39.A. so B. though C. if D. or ‎( )40. A. took out B. threw away C. picked up D.put down ‎( )41. A. you B. he C. she D. they ‎( )42. A. never B. sometimes C. hardly D. always ‎( )43. A. when B. who C. what D. how ‎( )44. A. realized B. forgot C. dreamed D. decided ‎( )45. A. know B. mean C. think D.complain 第三部分 阅读理解 （共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。‎ A Almost every Chinese person can recite the two lines of the famous poem, “Every grain on the plate comes from hard work(谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦).” But sadly, many of us don’t actually get the real meaning of these lines: Don’t waste food.‎ ‎ A CCTV program, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away 16‎ ‎ every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.‎ ‎ Do we have too much food? Of course not. According to the UN World Food Program, there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries. Six million children die of hunger every year.‎ ‎ Chinese people are well known for being hospitable(好客的) and generous. Many even feel that they lose face if their guests have eaten all the food on the table.‎ ‎ Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. Last November, Li Hong, a waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, got fired because she took some leftover food home for her son. Many people stood by her side and criticized(批评) the waste of food.‎ ‎ What should we do in our daily lives to waste less food? Here are some tips: ‎ ‎ 1. Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order as much as you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you ordered, take the rest of it home.‎ ‎ 2. Don’t be too picky(挑剔的) about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.‎ ‎ 3. Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don’t buy too much, especially for vegetables and fruit.‎ ‎46. How many people were hungry in the world in 2010 according to the UN World Food Program?‎ A. 200 million. B. Six million. C. 925 million. D. 625 million.‎ ‎47. What does the writer want to show us through Li Hong’s story? ‎ A. Many Chinese restaurants waste a large amount of food. ‎ B. Many Chinese people are kind-hearted and ready to help the weak.‎ C. Chinese people feel that they lose face if their guests eat all the food.‎ D. Many Chinese people don’t agree with the behavior of wasting food. ‎ ‎48. The underlined word “leftover” means in Chinese.‎ A. 过期的 B. 剩余的 ‎ C. 腐烂的 D.难吃的 ‎49. According to the passage, we shouldn’t waste food because .‎ ‎ A. food comes from very hard work ‎ ‎ B. six million children die of hunger every day ‎ C. there is enough food to feed all the people ‎ ‎ D. Chinese are hospitable and generous 16‎ ‎50. Which of the following is a good way to save food? ‎ A. Ordering more than you need at a restaurant. ‎ B. Taking home restaurant leftovers.‎ ‎ C. Not knowing what you already have at home when shopping. ‎ D. Not eating the food you don’t like even if it’s healthy.‎ B ‎ It was a dark and cold night. The taxi driver didn’t have even one passenger all day. When he went by the railway station, he saw a young man coming out with two bags in his hands. So he opened the door of the car quickly and asked,“Where do you want to go, sir?”“To the Star Hotel”, the young man answered. When the taxi driver heard that, he didn’t feel happy any longer. The young man would give him only three dollars because the hotel wasn’t far from the railway station. But suddenly he had an idea. He took the passenger through many streets of the big city.‎ ‎ After a long time , the car arrived at the hotel at last.“You should pay me fifteen dollars.” the car driver said to the young man.“What? Fifteen dollars! Do you think I’m a fool? Only last week, I took a taxi from the railway station to the same hotel and I only gave the driver thirteen dollars. I know how much I have to pay for the trip. I won’t pay you one dollar more than I paid to the other driver last week.” said the young man.Then he paid the driver and left with his bags.‎ ‎51. When did this story happen?‎ A. In the morning B. In the afternoon C. In the evening D. At night ‎52. The driver felt very_____ when he saw the young man coming out of the railway station.‎ ‎ A.sad B.sorry C.happy. D.worried ‎53. The driver took the passenger through many streets to_______.‎ ‎ A. make the young man happy ‎ B. let the young man have a good look at the city.‎ ‎ C. show the young man around ‎ D. get more money from the young man ‎54. From the story, we know that the young man_____.‎ ‎ A. knew the way from the station to the hotel ‎ B. never came to the hotel before ‎ C. didn’t want to stay in the city ‎ D. didn’t know the city well.‎ ‎55. What do you think of the driver?‎ ‎ A. He wasn’t an honest person. B. He liked to work hard.‎ C. He was good at driving. D. He was a kind and a clever man.‎ C LOST A white cat with two big blue eyes.‎ If you find it, please call Sam at 385-0926.‎ Many thanks.‎ Titanic 3D Saturday and Sunday Showtime Cinema ‎$20 ( half for children under 12 )‎ Call David at 332-5147.‎ BOOK ‎SALE A Christmas Carol ‎—by Charles Diukans A story of Christmas The true meaning of Christmas was $59.60‎ HOUSE FOR RENT ‎2 sunny bedrooms with a kitchen.‎ ‎$‎500 a month Call Mary at 591-3127 for more ‎ information.‎ 16‎ now $29.60‎ ‎56. Who lost a white cat with two big blue eyes? ‎ ‎ A. Sam. C. Mary. D. Charles.‎ ‎57. You need to pay _________ if you buy the book A Christmas Carol now .‎ ‎ A. $59.60 B. $‎49.60 ‎C. $39.60 D. $29.60‎ ‎58. On what day can we see Titanic 3D in the Showtime Cinema?‎ ‎ A. Every day. B. Friday and Saturday.‎ C. Saturday and Sunday. D. Thursday and Sunday.‎ ‎59. If you want to rent a house, you can call ___________.‎ ‎ A. 385-0926 B. 591-3127 C. 332-5147 D. 592-5147 ‎ ‎60. Those ads above are most probably from a ___________.‎ A. map B. dictionary C. newspaper D. guidebook ‎ ‎ D Name Personal Information Name Personal Information Mo Yan Born in 1955.‎ Worked hard and became the first Chinese national writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature(诺贝尔文学奖). His novel: Red Sorghum(红高粱)‎ Yao‎ Ming Born in ‎1980 in Shanghai.‎ The son of two great basketball players.‎ Joined the Houston Rockets in June, 2002.‎ Liu Yang Born in ‎1978 in Henan Province‎, ‎China.‎ The first Chinese woman astronaut. Traveled in Shenzhou Ⅸ in outer space with Jing Haipeng and Liu Wang from June 16th, 2012 to June 29th, 2012.‎ Jay Chou Born in ‎1979 in Taiwan, China.‎ A popular singer ‎ Favorite music: ‎ Hip-Hop ‎61. Yao Ming played basketball in after 2002.‎ 16‎ ‎ A. Germany B. Canada C. America D. ‎England ‎62. Red Sorghum is the name of a .‎ A. sport B. song C. magazine D. novel ‎63. Liu Yang, Jing Haipeng and Liu Wang traveled in outer space for days.‎ A. 11 B. ‎12 ‎C. 14 D. 15‎ ‎64. According to the passage, the was born in 1979. ‎ A. writer B. astronaut C. basketball player D. singer ‎ ‎65. Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut from Henan, China.‎ B. Jay Chou is from Taiwan, China.‎ C. Mo Yan is the second writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.‎ D. Yao Ming’s parents are both basketball players.‎ 第II卷 （非选择题，共45分）‎ 第四部分 听力理解（二） （共5小题：每小题1分，满分5分）‎ Information sheet ‎ ‎66. They’ll go to visit on Sunday.‎ ‎67. It opens every morning.‎ ‎68. The students take pens and notebooks to .‎ ‎69. They’ll have lunch in .‎ ‎70. The ticket costs . ‎ 听下面一段独白，根据你所听到的内容，完成表格。独白读两遍，每空最多填写三个单词。‎ 第五部分 阅读填空 （共10小题：每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 从方框中选择单词，带入短文空格内，使短文意思正确、通顺，再将其适当形式填入短文后的横线上。每词限用一次。‎ much , arm , wait ,see ,when , spend ,she , worry ,have ,grow 16‎ Only Mother love is true love. It gives everybody everything all his life. 71 you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your walking hours she always holds you in her 72 .When you are ill, she stops her work right now to look after you day and night and forgets about 73 . When you are 74 up day by day, she feels very happy. When you are old enough to go to school , mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on 75 clothes. She always stands in the wind 76 for you back from school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels 77 about you at home. She usually knows about your study and 78 much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be 79 on her face.‎ Mother is always ready to give everything she 80 to her children, not to receive. What true love that is in the world! We will remember Mother forever.‎ ‎71.________ 72.________ 73.________ 74.________ 75.________‎ ‎76.________ 77.________ 78.________ 79._______ 80.________‎ 第六部分 任务型阅读（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，补全表格中所缺的信息，每空最多填写三个单词。‎ If you want to become a fluent English speaker you should take some advice: There are four skills in learning English. They are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The most important thing you must remember is that if you want to improve your speaking and writing skills you should first master (精通 ) the skills of reading and listening.‎ ‎ Read as much as you can. But your reading must be active. It means that you must think about the meaning of the sentence, the meaning of the unfamiliar words, etc. There is no need for you to pay much attention to grammars or try to understand all the unfamiliar words you come across, but the fact that you see them for the first time and recognize them whenever you see them, for example, in other passages or books, is enough. It would be better to prepare yourself a notebook so you can write down the important words or sentences in it.‎ As for listening, there are two choices: besides reading, you can listen every day for about 30 minutes. You can only pay attention to your reading and become skillful at your reading, then you can catch up on your listening. Since you have lots of inputs (输入 ) in your Mind, you can easily guess what the speaker is going to say. This never means that you should not practise listening.‎ 16‎ ‎ For listening you can listen to cartoons or some movies that are specially made for children. Their languages are easy. Or if you are good at listening you can listen to VOA or BBC programs every day. Again the thing to remember is being active in listening and preferably(更适合) taking some notes.‎ ‎ If you follow these pieces of advice, your speaking and writing will improve automatically (自动地 ), and you can be sure that with a little effort they will become perfect.‎ ‎ Topic ‎ How to ____81___ English speaking and writing skills ‎ four ___82____‎ ‎ Reading, listening, speaking and writing ‎__83___on reading l Read as much as you can.‎ l Read ___84___ and think about what the sentence and the unfamiliar words mean.‎ l Spend less time on the grammars and the unfamiliar words mean.‎ l Prepare a notebook where you can write down the important words or sentences.‎ Advice on listening l Keep listening for __85__ an hour every day l Focus more on the reading and try to do well in reading,‎ which can help you listen better ‎ l Listen to cartoons or some movies specially made for children, whose language are not difficult to follow.‎ l Listen to VOA or BBC programs every day l Listen actively and you’d better take some notes.‎ 第七部分 书面表达 （满分20分）‎ 以“My Changes”为题目，请从外貌、性格、爱好、运动四个方面介绍自己的变化，70词左右。‎ ‎—————————‎ 16‎ ‎——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————‎ 16‎ 雁江区2013-2014年度联考九年级上半期测试卷 英语答题卡 第一部分 听力理解（15分）‎ ‎1‎ ‎2‎ ‎3‎ ‎4‎ ‎5‎ ‎6‎ ‎7‎ ‎8‎ ‎9‎ ‎10‎ ‎11‎ ‎12‎ ‎13‎ ‎14‎ ‎15‎ 第二部分 英语知识运用（30分）‎ ‎16‎ ‎17‎ ‎18‎ ‎19‎ ‎20‎ ‎21‎ ‎22‎ ‎23‎ ‎24‎ ‎25‎ ‎26‎ ‎27‎ ‎28‎ ‎29‎ ‎30‎ ‎31‎ ‎32‎ ‎33‎ ‎34‎ ‎35‎ ‎36‎ ‎37‎ ‎38‎ ‎39‎ ‎40‎ ‎41‎ ‎42‎ ‎43‎ ‎44‎ ‎45‎ 第三部分 阅读理解（30分）‎ ‎46‎ ‎47‎ ‎48‎ ‎49‎ ‎50‎ ‎51‎ ‎52‎ ‎53‎ ‎54‎ ‎55‎ ‎56‎ ‎57‎ ‎58‎ ‎59‎ ‎60‎ ‎61‎ ‎62‎ ‎63‎ ‎64‎ ‎65‎ 16‎ 第四部分 听力理解（二）（5分）‎ ‎ 66、________ 67、________ 68、_______ 69、________ 70、__________‎ 第五部分 阅读填空（10分）‎ ‎71. _________ 72. _________ 73. ___________ 74. _________ 75. _________‎ ‎76. _________ 77. _________ 78. ___________ 79. _________ 80. _________‎ 第六部分 任务型阅读（10分）‎ ‎81. _______ 82. _______ 83. _______ 84. _______ 85. _______‎ 第七部分 书面表达 （满分20分）‎ 以“My Changes”为题目，请从外貌、性格、爱好、运动四个方面介绍自己的变化，70词左右。‎ ‎———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————‎ 16‎ 初三英语参考答案及听力材料 参考答案：‎ 听力理解（一）：1—5 BCAAB 6—10 ACCCB 11—15 CCCBC 单项选择： 16—20 BCDCC 21--25 BDCBC 26--30 CCCCA 完形填空： 31—35 CDBAC 36—40 ACBAC 41—45 BDCAB 阅读理解： 46—50 CDBAB 51—55 DCDDA 56—60 ADCBC 61—65 CDCDC 听力理解（二）： 66. the science museum 67. at nine o’clock 68. write something down ‎ ‎69. the museum restaurant 70. forty yuan ‎ 阅读填空：71.When 72.arms 73.herself 74.growing 75.more 76. waiting 77.worried ‎ ‎78.spends 79.seen 80. has 任务型填空： 81. improve your 82. skills 83. Advice 84. actively 85. half 书面表达：（略）‎ 听力材料：‎ 第一节 听下面5段对话，从题中所给的3个选项中选出与其意思相符的图片，每段对话读一遍。‎ ‎1. M: Is that your hair band, Lily?‎ W: No, that’s my sister’s. ‎ ‎2. W: Look at John. He is running to catch the bus. ‎ M: Yes. He is late for school. He must have gotten up late.‎ ‎3. W: What’s wrong, Sam?‎ M: I have a toothache. It really hurts.‎ ‎4. W: Fred, can you hear something behind us?‎ M: Yes. It’s my pet dog, Timmy. He likes following me.‎ ‎5. W: You look worried, Mr Smith. What happened?‎ M: My son lost his new bike, and he wants to get another one.‎ 第二节 听对话，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话读两遍。‎ ‎6. W: Li Lei, you are late again. What was wrong with you?‎ M: Sorry, Ms Chen. I went to bed too late last night. So I got up late today.‎ W: You shouldn’t be late for school again. Clear?‎ M: OK, I won’t.‎ ‎7. W: Hi, Mr. Green, how long have you lived in Shanghai?‎ M: I have lived here for more than two years. What about you, Miss White?‎ W: I have lived here since four years ago.‎ ‎8. M: Hay, how about your exam?‎ ‎ W: Oh, it was easy. Only three students haven’t passed the exam.‎ M: How many students are there in your grade?‎ W: There are 500.‎ 16‎ ‎9. M: Hello, Jill! What a nice dress you are wearing! Did your mother buy it for you?‎ W: No, my mother made it herself.‎ ‎10. M: How much is the CD?‎ W: It’s five yuan.‎ M: Give me three.‎ W: OK, here you are.‎ M: Here is the money.‎ 第三节 听下面两段对话，从题中所给的3个选项中选出最佳选项，每段对话读两遍 听第一段对话，回答11、12两小题。‎ M: What’s wrong with you, Ms White?‎ W: My head hurts.‎ M: When did it start?‎ W: It started last night, I couldn’t fall asleep last night.‎ M: Let me look you over.‎ W: Is there anything serious?‎ M: Oh, nothing serious. You just work too hard. You’d better do more sports.‎ W: OK, I will. Thank you , Doctor.‎ 听第二段对话，回答13—15小题。‎ W: Hi, what can I do for you?‎ M: I want to join the hiking club.‎ W: Good. What do you do?‎ M: I am a teacher. ‎ W: Why do you want to join our club?‎ M: Because I like hiking and I want to do some sports. The most import reason is that I can make many new friends in the club.‎ W: OK. Here is a form. Please fill it out.‎ M: Thank you.‎ 第四部分 听力理解（二） ‎ 听下面一段独白，根据你所听到的内容，完成表格。独白读两遍，每空最多填写三个单词。‎ Good morning, boys and girls. We’ll go to visit the science museum on Sunday, There are lots of very interesting things in the science museum. We all should go. The science museum opens at nine o’clock every morning. We will leave at half past eight. And we’ll meet at school gate at 8:00. So don’t be late please. We’ll get there by bus.‎ Next, it’ll spend forty yuan each one. Now, I’m going to give you some work to do at the museum. You’ll need to write something down, so you should take a pen and a notebook with you. We’ll have lunch in the museum restaurant, you needn’t bring any food with you. Well. I think that’s everything.‎ 16‎ 16‎