外研本小学起点九年级英语上册全册重点词汇及语法

外研本小学起点九年级英语上册全册重点词汇及语法

‎1．动名词做主语：‎ ‎ Visiting the Science Museum is fun. ‎ ‎2. learn about sth. 了解某事 ‎3. work out 设法弄懂，算出 ‎ (名词放两边，代词放中间)‎ ‎ Work out the problem ‎ ‎= work the problem out ‎ work it out work them out ‎4. try out 试用，试验 ‎ (名词放两边，代词放中间)‎ ‎5．fill A with B 用B填满A ‎(被动) A be filled with B A被填满了B ‎ =A be full of B ‎6. falling sand 正在掉落的沙子 ‎ falling---现在分词做定语，修饰sand ‎7. compare A with/to B 拿A跟B做比较 ‎(被动)A be compared with/to B.‎ ‎8. as well as = and 和 ‎ Plants need air and water as well as light.‎ ‎ A and B are ….‎ ‎ A as well as B is(动词由A决定) …. ‎ ‎= A is … as well as B Your wife as well as you is friendly to me．‎ ‎＝Your wife is friendly to me as well as you．‎ ‎9. above all 最重要的是，首先 ‎ Above all, don’t forget to write to us.‎ ‎10. drop in 顺便走访 ‎ Drop in and see us when you are free.‎ ‎11. as … as 和… 一样 ‎ Tony runs as fast as Daming. ‎ ‎ as …as you like 你想…就…‎ ‎ You can stay as long as you like. ‎ ‎ 你想呆多久就呆多久。‎ ‎ Module 6 Unit 1‎ 1. Hey, you guys! = Hey, you lot! ‎ 喂，伙计们．‎ ‎2. Guess what! 猜猜　‎ 3. be careful about/of sth. ‎ 小心,谨慎对待某事 Be careful of/about the stone in the middle of the road. ‎ 小心路中间的那块石头。‎ ‎4. throw away 扔掉(代词放中间)‎ 5. waste 可做名词和动词。如：‎ Every class collect reusable waste. 　‎ 每个班级都收集再利用的费品。‎ We don’t waste electricity. ‎ 我们不浪费电。‎ wasteful adj. 浪费的 It’s wasteful to throw away paper. ‎ 扔掉纸是浪费的。‎ ‎5.sell sth. for recycling　 卖某东西再循环 ‎6.raise money　　捐款 ‎7.save energy 节约能源 ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1．care about 关心，在意 ‎ care about doing sth. 关心做某事 ‎ She never cares about herself.‎ ‎ Do you care about saving energy?‎ ‎2. latest adj. 最新的, 最晚的 ‎ Let’s hear the latest news. ‎ He is the latest to come to the meeting.‎ ‎3. instead of 代替，而不是 instead of doing sth. 而不是做某事 ‎4. do harm to …=be harmful to… ‎ 对…有害处 Going to bed late does harm to our health.‎ ‎ do good to … 对…有好处 ‎ Having a holiday will do good to you. ‎ 4. make a difference to … ‎ ‎ 对…产生重大影响 The sea air has made a difference to her health. ‎ ‎5. maybe the old one will be just as good（as the new one）. ‎ 也许旧的东西也（像新的）一样好5. make a difference to … 对…造成很大影响 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6. do 放在动词原形前面表示强调。如：‎ ‎ When we do buy things, …‎ ‎ 当我们确实买东西的时候，…‎ ‎ I did tell you about it. ‎ ‎ 我确实告诉你这件事了。‎ ‎7. if possible 如果可能的话 ‎8. as … as possible 尽可能…‎ ‎ You must come back home as early as possible. ‎ ‎ Please think of as many words as possible.‎ ‎9. last v. 持续 ‎ The meeting will last for 40 minutes. ‎ ‎ last adj. 上一个，最后的 ‎ ‎ last week/year ‎ December is the last month of the year.‎ ‎10. one 除了作数词还可以作代词，用来代替上文的事物避免重复 ‎ I want to buy the cheaper computer instead of the expensive one.‎ ‎ one作代词时，复数形式加s ‎ It’s wasteful to throw away the paper cups and use the new ones. ‎ ‎11. change … into … 把 …变成…‎ ‎12. take part in + 活动/比赛 参加活动 ‎ join + 组织 加入组织 ‎ I want to take part in the competition. ‎ ‎ He joined the Greener China last year.‎ ‎13．turn off = turn out 关掉 前缀，后缀构词法 一. 前缀 ‎1. un-, dis-, in-, im-, 表示“不，无”‎ ‎ unhappy, dishonest, ‎ incorrect, impossible ‎ 1. anti- 表示“反对“‎ anti-war, anti-pollution ‎3. re- 表示“再”‎ ‎ rewrite, reuse 二．后缀 ‎1. –er, -or 表示“从事某种职业的人”‎ ‎ reader, worker, ‎ ‎ inventor, visitor, ‎ ‎2. –ion, -tion, -sion, -ness, -ment 构成名词 ‎ invention, introduction, ‎ happiness, development ‎3. –able, -ful, -al, -y 构成形容词 ‎ comfortable, eatable, ‎ helpful, useful, ‎ environmental, national, ‎ rainy, sunny ‎4. –less 构成否定形容词 ‎ careless, useless, hopeless ‎5. –ly 构成副词 ‎ carefully, possibly ‎6. –teen, -ty, -th 构成数词 ‎ fifteen, thirty, seventh ‎ ‎ Module 7 Unit 1‎ ‎1. What are you up to?‎ ‎ 你在做什么？‎ ‎2. Would you like a hand …?‎ ‎ 你想要帮忙吗？‎ ‎3. have a look at … 看一看…‎ ‎4. in the centre of …. 在…的中央 ‎5. on our way back from… ‎ ‎ 在我们从…回来的路上 ‎6. I bet you do! 我打赌你会做到的。‎ ‎7. only once + 句子 ‎ 只有在…的条件下才行 ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1．take a helicopter tour ‎ take/ go on a … tour 表示进行…旅途 go on a camel ride 骑骆驼旅游 ‎2. be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 ‎ Tom was surprised at the result of the exam.‎ ‎ be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 ‎ Tom was surprised to hear the news.‎ ‎3. at different times of the day ‎ 在每天的不同时刻 ‎4. in many ways 在很多方面 ‎ They are like us in many ways. ‎ ‎ in different ways 用不同的方法 ‎ I can work out this math problem in different ways. ‎ in a way 在某种程度上来说 In a way, that can be compared with the introduction of the Internet in the 20th century.‎ ‎ by the way 顺便说一下 ‎5. be similar to 与…相似 His answer is similar to mine.‎ ‎6. have a good/bad temper 有好／坏脾气 Miss Li is very kind. She has a good temper.‎ ‎7. keep doing sth. 不断做某事 ‎ It keeps raining these days. ‎ ‎ Module 8 Unit 1‎ ‎1. at the back/front 在后面/前面 ‎ on the left/right 在左边/右边 ‎2． over 越过 ‎ climb over the wall 爬过这道墙 ‎ see over the people 越过人群看 ‎3. enter the competition ‎ ‎ =take part in the competition 参加比赛 ‎4. You bet! （口语）当然！‎ ‎5. get sb. doing sth. ‎ ‎ = make sb. do sth. ‎ 使某人做某事 How did you get the camera working?‎ ‎= How did you make the camera work?‎ ‎6. How did you get on? 你进展怎样？‎ ‎ get on well with sb. 与某人相处融洽 ‎ get on well with sth. 某事进展顺利 ‎ He gets on well with his classmates. ‎ ‎ Mary didn’t get on well with her work.‎ ‎7. be in with a chance to do sth. ‎ ‎ = have a chance to do sth. ‎ ‎ 有机会去做某事 ‎8. have gone = be missing ‎ ‎ = be lost = get lost ‎ 不见了，失踪了 My watch has gone. ‎ ‎ =My watch is missing.‎ ‎= My watch is/gets lost.‎ ‎9. You are kidding! 你在开玩笑吧！‎ ‎10. expect to do sth. ‎ 期待，料到去做某事 ‎11. pick up sth. 捡起某物 ‎ pick up sb. 接人 ‎ My father picks me up every day.‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1. be pleased with sb./sth. ‎ ‎ 对某人/某物感到满意 ‎2. even though + 句子 ‎ = even if + 句子 ‎ 即使…(对虚拟的情况进行让步)‎ ‎ I won’t go to the party even though/if I have time. ‎ 即使我有时间我也不会去参加聚会的。‎ ‎ though = although ‎ 虽然…（对现实的情况进行让步）‎ I didn’t go to the party though/although I had time. ‎ 虽然我有时间，但是我没有去参加聚会。‎ ‎3．read on 继续读 ‎ 动词+on 表示继续做某事 ‎4．know … well 对…熟悉 ‎5. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事 ‎ We managed to get what we wanted.‎ ‎ 我们设法得到了我们想要的东西。‎ ‎6. a collection of 一组…‎ ‎7. work on sth. 从事…‎ ‎8. Congratulations to sb. 祝贺某人 ‎9. present the prize 颁奖 ‎ give prizes to sb. 给某人颁奖 ‎ ‎ which, who 引导的定语从句 一．which引导的定从只能修饰事物 ‎ who 引导的定从只能修饰人 ‎ that引导的定从能修饰人和事物 ‎ which, who, that作主语时不能省略，‎ 作宾语时可以省略。‎ ‎ 如：The boy who/that is talking is Jack.‎ ‎ This is the computer (which/that) he bought yesterday.‎ 二．当who在定从中作宾语时，应该用who的宾格形式whom,但现代语法中也可以用who。如：‎ Do you know Mr. Zhang (who/whom/that) they like very much?‎ 三．关系代词作定从的主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数要跟先行词的一致。如：‎ 1. The students who are interested in music can join the music club.‎ 先行词是复数，定从的谓语要复数 2. ‎ He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.‎ ‎ 先行词是单数，定从的谓语要单数 四．定从的时态不受主句时态的影响。如：‎ I am reading the book that I bought yesterday. ‎ 我正在读我昨天买的书。‎ ‎(主句现在进行时，定从一般过去时)‎ ‎ Module 9 Unit 1‎ ‎1. Oh dear! 天啊！‎ ‎2. It’s no laughing matter. ‎ ‎ 这不是什么可笑的事情。‎ ‎3. over there 在那边 ‎4. have a word with sb. 和某人说句话 ‎5. That’s good news. 这是个好消息。‎ ‎ news是不可数名词，前面不能加a ‎ 可以加量词 a piece of news two pieces of news ‎6. Here you are. 给你。‎ ‎7. be in deep trouble 有大麻烦 ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1. orange-and-white 黄白相间的 ‎ black-and-white 黑白的 ‎2. win the heard of … 赢得…的心 ‎3. a group of 一群…‎ ‎4. He eats as many peaches as he likes. ‎ 他喜欢吃多少桃子就吃多少。‎ as … as possible 尽可能…‎ as early as possible 尽早 ‎5. make a mess 弄得一团糟 ‎6. ever since + 句子 自从…‎ ‎7. translate … into … 把…翻译成…‎ ‎8. have sth. done (by sb.) =ask sb to do sth ‎ 把某物让别人…了 We had the machine mended.‎ 我们把机器让人修好了。‎ He has had his hair cut.‎ 他把头发请人给他剪了。‎ 定语从中只能用that的情况 ‎1. 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, something, all, none, few, little, 等代词时，只能用that。 如：‎ ‎ Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?‎ ‎ 你记下李老师讲的一切了吗？‎ ‎ All that can be done has been done. ‎ ‎ 所有能做的都做好了。‎ ‎2. 当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰的时候，只能用that。如：‎ ‎ The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. ‎ ‎ 他们在伦敦参观的第一个地方是大本钟。‎ ‎ This is the best film that I have ever seen.‎ ‎ 这是我看过的最好的电影。‎ ‎3. 当主句有who, which等疑问词时，定从只能用that引导。如：‎ ‎ Who is the man that is standing over there?‎ ‎ 站在那边的人是谁？‎ ‎ Which is the T-Shirt that you bought?‎ ‎ 你买的T恤是哪一件？‎ ‎4. 当先行词是人和事物时，关系代词只能用that。如：‎ I often think of the persons and things that I saw in the journey. ‎ 我经常想起在旅途中遇见的人和事物。‎ ‎ Module 10 Unit 1‎ 1. a bit + 形容词= a little 形容词 表示“有点…”= kind of+ 形容词 I’m a bit tired. = I’m a little tired.‎ 我有点累了。‎ a little + 不可数名词 a bit of + 不可数名词 There is a little time left. ‎ ‎= There is a bit of time left.‎ 还剩下一点时间。‎ ‎2. give up 放弃 ‎ give up doing sth. =stop doing sth ‎ My father gave up smoking 2 years ago.‎ ‎ 我爸爸2年前戒烟了。‎ ‎3. stay fit = keep fit 保持健康 ‎4．need to do sth. 需要做某事 ‎5. take exercise 做运动 ‎ exercise 表示“锻炼”时是不可数名词，‎ ‎ 表示练习时，是可数名词 doing morning exercises 做晨练 do eye exercises 做眼操 These maths exercises are very difficult.‎ 这些数学习题很难。‎ ‎6. go running 去跑步 ‎ go swimming 去游泳 ‎ go sightseeing 去观光 ‎7. talk to sb. 跟某人说话 ‎ talk with sb. 跟某人交谈 ‎8. nearly adv. 几乎，差不多 ‎ Nearly 300 students entered the competition. ‎ 差不多300个学生参加了比赛。‎ The car nearly hit the man.‎ 车差点撞到那个男子。‎ ‎9. not … any more 不再…‎ ‎10. bump into sb. 碰见 ‎ I bumped into an old friend yesterday.‎ ‎ 昨天我碰见一个老朋友。‎ ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1. know about 了解 ‎2. include v. 包括 including 介词. 可以做伴随状语 ‎ Your duties include doing the cleaning and cooking. ‎ 你的职责包括做清洁和做饭。‎ Many people like pop music including my grandpa. ‎ 很多人都喜欢流行音乐，包括我爷爷。‎ ‎3．persuade sb. (not) to do sth. ‎ 说服某人做(不要做)某事 My father persuaded me not to join the club. 爸爸劝说我不要参加那个俱乐部。‎ ‎4．ban … from … 禁止…进入…‎ ‎ ban … from doing sth. 禁止…做某事 ‎ Mobile phones must be banned from schools. 应该禁止带手机进入学校。‎ ‎ The policeman banned him from driving. ‎ ‎ 警察禁止他开车。‎ ‎5. a TV programme showed his visits to the school. 一个电视节目播放了他的这次学校之行。‎ ‎（这里visit是名词，后面的to the school是定语）‎ ‎6. get/have sth. done 把某事给…了 get things done 把事情做了。‎ I’ll have/get my computer repaired. ‎ 我要把电脑给修了。 ‎ ‎7. put on weight 增加体重 ‎ lose weight 减肥 ‎ 8. in order to do sth. 为了…‎ ‎ What do you sometimes have to do in order to get fit?‎ ‎ 有时候你不得不做什么来健身呢？‎ whose引导的定从 当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系时，就用whose 引导定从。如：‎ ‎ There is a boy in our team. ‎ ‎ The boy’s parents want him to go to a ‎ ‎ sports school. ‎ ‎ --- There is a boy in our team whose parents want him to go to a sports school. ‎ 通常包含whose引导的定从的句子可以 译成两句汉语。如以上句子可以译成：‎ 在我们队里有个男孩，他的父母想让他 参加体校。‎ 先行词是人是物都可以用whose引导，如：‎ ‎ 1)He is the only student in our class ‎ ‎ whose father is a policeman. ‎ ‎ 他是我们班唯一一个爸爸是警察的学生。‎ ‎ 2)The desk whose leg is broken will ‎ ‎ be repaired.‎ ‎ 那张断了只脚的桌子将被拿去修理。 ‎ ‎ Module 11‎ 数字的写法和读法 ‎1．1—10 ‎ one two three four five six seven eight nine ten ‎2. 11—20‎ ‎ eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen ‎ nineteen twenty ‎3. 几十 ‎ twenty thirty forty fifty ‎ ‎ sixty seventy eighty ninety 注意：four要去掉u再加ty; nine直接加ty ‎ 只有变为序数词时nine要去e加th.‎ ‎4. 几十几 注意：十位数和十位数之间要加连字符 ‎ twenty-six ninety-seven ‎5. 百位数和十位数之间可以加and也可以不加。当十位数为零时，一定要加and ‎ 156 one hundred (and) fifty-six ‎ 509 five hundred and nine ‎6. 英语里每三个数为一个单位，用一个逗号隔开。第一个逗号为thousand(千);第二个逗号为million(百万);第三个逗号为 billion(十亿)。如：‎ ‎ 13,000 thirteen thousand（1万3千）‎ ‎ 648,000 six hundred (and) forty-eight thousand （64万8千）‎ ‎ 9,500,060 nine million, five hundred thousand and sixty（950万零60）‎ ‎ 1,300,000,000 one billion, three hundred thousand (13亿)‎ ‎7. 表示具体数字时，hundred, thousand, ‎ million, billion不能加s;‎ 表达一个大概的数字时，可以加s five thousand students 五千个学生 thousands of students 好几千个学生 ‎8. 序数词的构成；在基数词后加th 特殊变化的序数词：‎ ‎ first second third fifth eighth ‎ ninth twelfth twentieth ‎9. 整十的数字把y改为ie再加th ‎ twentieth fiftieth ‎ ‎10. 几十几的数字只用把个位数变成序数词 ‎ twenty-first sixty-fourth ‎ ‎11.分数的表达：‎ 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。‎ ‎ 当分子大于1时，分母要复数。‎ ‎ 1/3 one third ‎ 1/‎2 a half ‎ 1/4 one fourth = a quarter ‎3/10 three tenths 冠词的用法 冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)和定冠词(the)‎ a/an后面加可数名词的单数, an用在元音发音开头的单词。如：‎ a student an hour the后面可以加可数名词的单数和复数，‎ 也可以加不可数名词。如：‎ the information ‎ the boy the students ‎ ‎1.不定冠词的用法 ‎1)表示“一个”‎ ‎ I can see a plane in the sky.‎ ‎2)表示“种类”‎ ‎ An elephant is bigger than a tiger.‎ ‎3)表示“每一个”= every Take the medicine three times a day.‎ ‎4)表示“某人某物”但不具体说明何人何物 ‎*A man is wanting to see you. ‎ ‎2.定冠词的用法 ‎ 1)指上文提到过的人或物, 或说话双方都知道的人或物。表示“这个/那个，这些/那些”。如：‎ ‎ There’s a pen on the desk. The pen is mine.‎ ‎ Do you know the man who is running.‎ ‎ The teacher asked the students to sit down.‎ ‎ 2)世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the ‎ the sun the moon the earth ‎ 3)序数词, 形容词最高级和乐器前要加the ‎ the second the tallest ‎ play the piano ‎ 4)在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数 ‎ *The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.‎ ‎5)在一些形容词前，表示一类人 ‎ the rich 富人 the old 老人 ‎ ‎3．零冠词（不用冠词）‎ ‎1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年、学科等词前不用冠词 ‎ in summer in August ‎ ‎ on Sunday study physics ‎ 但是特指某个时间时可加the。如：‎ in the spring of 1945‎ ‎ 在1945年的那个春天 ‎ 2)一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词 ‎ *have breakfast *play football ‎3)名词前已有this, that, next, last,物主代词等作定语时,不用冠词 ‎ * They met here this morning.‎ ‎ * He is my best friend. ‎ ‎4)称呼、头衔，国家和一些专有名词前不用冠词 ‎ Mr. Li Uncle Wang China ‎ ‎ ‎Xin‎ Min ‎Middle School ‎ Unit 1‎ ‎1. What’s the population of …？‎ ‎ 某地的人口有多少？‎ The population is big/large.‎ 人口多。‎ ‎（注意：形容人口多不能用many来修饰population; people才能用many来修饰）‎ ‎2. along with = together with ‎ ‎ 连同，与…在一起 ‎ Tintin has been to many places along with his dog.‎ ‎3. look up 查看，查（字典）‎ ‎ I’ll look up the word in the dictionary.‎ ‎4. comp up 出现，进行 ‎ He came up at last. ‎ 最后他出现了。‎ ‎ The sports meeting will come up next month. ‎ 下个月将进行运动会。‎ ‎5. thanks to 多亏 ‎ Thanks to the policeman, the boy was found. ‎ 多亏了警察，孩子被找到了。‎ ‎ thanks to = because of 由于 ‎ ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1. over + 时间 表示“在…期间”‎ ‎ over the last 50 years 在上个50年间 ‎ over the past 10 years 在过去的10年间 ‎2. in the distance 在远处 ‎3. be close to … 靠近…‎ ‎4. no + 单数名词 = not a +单数名词 ‎ No + 复数名词 = not any + 复数名词 ‎ There is no student in the classroom.‎ ‎ = There isn’t a student in the classroom.‎ ‎ There are no clouds in the sky. ‎ ‎ = There aren’t any clouds in the sky. ‎ ‎5. room 作可数名词时表示“房间”‎ ‎ 作不可数名词时表示“空间”‎ ‎ There are 3 rooms in my house. ‎ ‎ 我家有3间房。‎ ‎ There is little room for the desk. ‎ ‎ 没有空间来放这张桌子了。‎ ‎6. close down 关闭，倒闭 ‎7. add to 增加 ‎8. run 可以表示“经营，管理”‎ ‎ run a company 经营一个公司 ‎ run a city 管理一个城市 ‎9. protect … from … ‎ 保护…不受…(的侵害)‎ protect people from crime ‎ 保护人民不受不法活动的侵害 ‎ Module 12 Unit 1‎ 1. give a warm welcome to sb. ‎ 热烈欢迎某人 welcome 既可以做动词也可以做名词 Let’s welcome Tom to our class.‎ 2. be pleased/happy to do sth. ‎ 高兴去做某事 ‎3. as a pupil = when I was a pupil ‎ 当我是个学生的时候 ‎4. my time here was very important.‎ ‎ 我在这里的时间是非常重要的。‎ ‎ 句中的here作定语，修饰time，要后置。‎ ‎ The people there are very friendly.‎ ‎ 那里的人们很友善。‎ ‎5. free adj. 自由的，有空的，免费的 The bird is free in the sky.‎ 鸟儿在天空很自由。‎ Are you free this Sunday?‎ 这个星期天你有空吗？‎ The food there is free. ‎ 那里的食物是免费的。‎ ‎6. each 表示“每个”‎ 做形容词时等于every，但each 强调“个体”，every 强调“整体”。如：‎ Each/Every student has an English book. ‎ 每个学生都有一本英语书。‎ ‎(用every student 表达相当于 all the students )‎ each还可以作副词，不能用every替代。如：‎ ‎ They earned 100 dollars each. ‎ ‎ 他们每人赚了100美元。‎ ‎7．watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 ‎ Unit 2‎ ‎1. experience n. 经验(u.n.)，经历(c.n.)‎ experience v. 体验 experienced adj. 有经验的 He has much experience in teaching. ‎ 他有丰富的教学经验。‎ Please tell me your experiences in Africa.‎ 请告诉我你在非洲的经历。‎ Have you ever experienced poorness?‎ 你有没有经历过贫穷？‎ He is an experienced teacher. ‎ 他是一个有经验的教师。‎ ‎2. up to + 数字 直到，至多 We can invite up to 20 people. ‎ 我们可以邀请至多20个人。‎ ‎3. progress 进展（不可数名词）‎ make progress with/in sth. ‎ 在某方面取得进步 I’ve made progress with/in English. ‎ 我的英语已经有了进步。‎ ‎4. take place 发生, 进行（没有被动语态）‎ ‎ The story took place on a cold winter morning. ‎ ‎ 这个故事发生在一个寒冷的冬天的早上。‎ ‎ The training course will take place next week.‎ ‎ 这个培训课程下周开始。‎ ‎5. choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 ‎6. a place of interest ‎ 名胜(在place这里变复数)‎ How many places of interest have you been to?‎ 你去过多少个名胜了？‎ ‎7. fill in 填写 fill in the blanks 填空 fill in the form 填表 fill sth. with sth. 用…装满…‎ ‎8. where 引导的定从 ‎ 当先行词在定从中做地点状语时，用where来引导。where = 介词+which。如：‎ ‎ Do you know the factory where your father works?‎ ‎ = Do you know the factory which your father works in?‎ 你知道你爸爸工作的工厂吗？‎ 主谓一致 ‎1. 不定代词somebody, anything, everybody, everything, no one等作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ Is everyone here today. ‎ 今天大家到齐了吗？ ‎ Everything is ready. ‎ 一切都准备好了。‎ ‎2. no, each, every, either, neither作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ No student likes this kind of computer games.‎ 没有一个学生喜欢这种游戏。‎ Each of them has an English dictionary. ‎ 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 ‎ ‎3. some of, 几分之几 + of, the rest of(剩下的)做主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词。如： ‎ Some of the money was gone. ‎ 其中的一些钱不见了。‎ One third of the students are League members. 1/3的同学是团员。‎ none of 后的名词如果是单数，谓语也要单数；如果名词是复数，谓语可单可复。‎ None of the water was left. ‎ 一点儿水也没剩。‎ None of the students has/have been to the island. 没有一个学生去过那个小岛。‎ ‎4. 动词不定式，动名词或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 ‎ Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。‎ Where to have the meeting is not decided.该去那里开会还没有决定。‎ ‎5.表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： ‎ Two months is a long holiday. ‎ 两个月是一个长假。 ‎ Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. ‎ ‎20磅并不太重。 ‎ Ten miles isn’t a long distance. ‎ ‎10英里并不是一段很长的距离。 ‎ Five minus four is one. ‎ ‎5减4等于1。‎ ‎6. 由 with，together with，along with，as well ‎ as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由第一个名词决定。　　‎ Mike with his father has been to England. ‎ 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 ‎ Mike, like his brother, enjoys playing football ‎ 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 ‎ The students as well as the teacher were very happy in the park.‎ 同学们和老师在公园里都玩得很高兴。‎ ‎7. people, police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。family, class, group, team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。‎ People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 ‎ His family isn’t large. ‎ 他家的人不多。 ‎ My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。‎ ‎8．有量词来修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数由量词来决定。如：‎ The pair of glasses is too expensive.‎ 这副眼镜太贵了。‎ Three pieces of bread are enough. ‎ 三片面包够了。‎ ‎9. 由both…and…作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但there be， or, either…or…(或者…或者…)， neither…nor…(既不…也不…), not only…but also…(不但…而且…), not…but…(不是…而是…)作主语时，谓语动词就要就近原则。‎ ‎ There is a book and three pens on the desk. ‎ ‎ 桌子上有一本书和三只笔。‎ Either my wife or I am going.‎ 或者我妻子去，或者我去。‎ Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.‎ 既不是你，也不是我，更没有别的任何人知道这个答案。‎ Not only you but also he is interested in the story. ‎ 不但你，还有他都对这个故事感兴趣。‎ ‎10. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ ‎ The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. ‎ ‎11. the number of … ‎ 表示“…的数量”,谓语动词用单数。‎ a number of … ‎ 表示“许多” 等于many,谓语动词用复数。如：‎ The number of the students in our class is 50. 我们班同学的数量是50。‎ ‎ A large number of students are learning English now.许多学生正在学英语。‎ ‎12.当and所连接的并列主语指同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。如：‎ The writer and teacher is coming. ‎ 那位作家兼教师来了。‎ ‎(teacher前不加the表示作家和教师指同一个人) ‎ The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。‎ ‎(teacher前加the表示作家和老师是两个人) ‎ ‎13.主语是each/every + 单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 ‎ Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 ‎