人教版九年级英语(全一册)知识点详解

人教版九年级英语(全一册)知识点详解

1 九年级英语 Unit1《 How can we become good learners?》 【短语归纳】 1. have conversation with sb. 同某人谈话 2. too…to… 太……而不能 3. the secret to……的秘诀 4. be afraid of doing sth./ be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 5. look up 查阅 6. repeat out loud 大声跟读 7. make mistakes in 在……方面犯错误 8. connect …with… 把…和…连接/联系起来 9. get bored 感到厌烦 10. be stressed out 焦虑不安的 11. pay attention to 注意；关注 12. depend on 取决于；依靠 13. the ability to do sth.. 做某事的能力 14. first of all 首先 15 take notes 做笔记，做记录 16. enjoy doing sth . 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成 18. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 19.each other 彼此 20.too many :许多，修饰可数名词 too many girls too much :许多，修饰不可数名词 too much milk（too many 和 too much）much too :太，修饰形容词 much too beautiful 21.change… into… 将…变为… 22. with the help of sb. == with one's help 在某人的帮助下 with the help of LiLei == with LiLei's help 在李雷的帮助下 23. compare … to … : 把…与…相比（compare with 拿…和…比较） 【单元知识点】 1. by + doing ：通过……方式 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。 talk to sb= talk with sb 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子： ①What/ how about +doing sth.? 做…怎么样？ What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don't you + do sth.? 你为什么不做…？Why don't you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 为什么不做…？ Why not go shopping? ④Let's + do sth. 让我们做…吧。如： Let's go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 我们/我…好吗？ Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多 ,常用于句末。 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。 5. too…to :太…而不能 常用的句型：too+形容词/副词+ to do sth. I'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud, loud 与 loudly 的用法，三个词都与“大声”或“响亮”有关。 ①aloud 是副词，通常放在动词之后。 ②loud 可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与 speak, talk, laugh 等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之 后。 如：She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly 是副词，与 loud 同义，有时两者可替换使用，可位于动词之前或之后。 如：He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。 7. not …at all 一点也不，根本不 如：I like milk very much,I don't like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶，我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 8. be / get excited about sth. 对…感兴奋 9. ① end up doing sth : 终止做某事，结束做某事 The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束（注意介词 with） The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 make a mistake 犯一个错误如：I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人）如：Don't laugh at me! 不要取笑我！ 14 enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做… 乐意做… She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 15 one of +（the+ 形容词最高级）+名词复数形式 : …其中之一 2 She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。 16 It's +形容词+（for sb. ） to do sth :（对于某人来说）做某事… It's difficult （for me ） to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了 17 practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。 18. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。 19. unless 假如不，除非 :引导条件状语从句 You will fail unless you work hard .假如你不努力你会失败。 20. deal/do with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem. 21. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。 22. go by （时间） 过去 . 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。 23. see sb / sth doing 看见某人正在做某事（如果是看到正在做什么，要用动词 ing 形式，考的较多的也是动 词 ing 形式） see sb / sth do 看见某人在做某事 She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。 24.regard… as … :把…看作为… 如： The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。 25. instead 代替 用在句末，副词 instead of sth / doing sth:代替，而不是 I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。 Unit2《I think that moon cakes are delicious!》 【短语归纳】 1. the Lantern Festival 元宵节 2. the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节 3. the Water Festival 泼水节 4. be fun to watch 看着很有意思 5. eat five meals a day 一天吃五餐 6. put on five pounds 体重增加了五磅 7. in two weeks 两星期之后 8. be similar to... 与.......相似 17. end up 最终成为;最后处于 18. share sth. with sb. 与……分享…… 19. as a result 结果 20. one,. . the other... (两者中的)一个……另一个 21. take sb. out for dinner 带某人出去吃饭 22. dress up 乔装打扮 23. haunted house 鬼屋 31. call out 大声呼喊 32. remind sb. of 使某人想起 33. sound like 听起来像 34. treat sb. with. 用/以…对待某人 35. the beginning of new life 新生命的开始 36 give sb. sth. 给某人某物；把某物给某人 37. plan to do sth. 计划做某事 38 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 重点句子 1. I think that they’ re fun to watch. 我认为它们看着很有意思。 2. What do you like about… ? What do you like best about the Dragon Boat Festival? 关于端午节，你最喜欢什？ 3. What a great day! 多么美好的一天！ 4 .I wonder if it’s similar to the Water Festival of the Dai people in Yunnan Province. 我想知道它是否与云南傣 族的泼水节相似。 5. How+adj. /adv. + 主 + 谓！ How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! 龙舟队多棒啊！ 6. What do/does+sb. + think of sth. ? What does Wu Yu think of this festival? 吴宇觉得这个节日怎么样？ 【单元知识点】 1. What + a(n) + 形容词 + 可数名词的单数形式（+主语+谓语+其他）！ 2. How + 形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）！ ……多么……! 3. be going to ……将要/打算…… 3 4. in + 时间段 在……后 5 one of + 名词复数形式……之一 【语法归纳】 二、感叹句 感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。 感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。现分述如下： 由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种： 1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an ＋形容词＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语+ 其他）！”。如： What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！ What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋可数名词复数（＋主语＋谓语+ 其他）！”。如： What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！ 3. 可用句型：“ What ＋形容词＋不可数名词（＋主语＋谓语+ 其他）！”。如： What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！ What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！ 由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种： 1. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词 / 副词（＋主语＋谓语+ 其他）！”。如： How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！ How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！ 2. 可用句型：“ How ＋形容词＋ a/an ＋可数名词单数（＋主语＋谓语）！”。 How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！ 3. 可用句型：“ How ＋主语＋谓语！”。如： How time flies! 光阴似箭！ 由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如： How beautiful a girl she is! ＝ What a beautiful girl she is! What delicious cakes these are! ＝ How delicious these cakes are! Unit3《Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?》 【短语归纳】 1. used to 过去常常 2. be afraid of 害怕 3. From time to time 时常；有时 4. turn red 变红 5. take up 开始做 6. deal/do with 对付；应付 7. not…anymore 不再 8. tons of attention 很多关注 9. worry about 担心 10. be careful 当心 11. hang out 闲逛 12. give up 放弃 13. thank about 考虑 14. a very small number of 极少数的(the number of) 15. be alone 独处 16. give a speech 做演讲 17. get to(arrive at/in reach).到达 18. make a telephone call 打电话 19 save money 省钱、存钱 【单元知识点】 1.宾语从句；宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 ①构成：连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 常由下面的一些连接词引导： ②由 that 引导，表示陈述意义，另外 that 可省略 He says （that） he is at home. 他说他在家里。 ③由 if , whether 引导，表示一般疑问意义（带有是否、已否等意思） I don't know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 ④由连接代词、连接副词（疑问词）引导，表示特殊疑问意义 Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ ⑤从句时态要与主句一致；当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says （that ） he is at home. 他说他在家里。 She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 4 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） He said （that） he was at home. 他说他在家里。 She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。 （6）如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的 动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。1）Our teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound. 我们老师对我们说光比声音传播要快得多。 2）The mother told his son that two and three is five. 母亲告诉孩子二加三等于五。 3）We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道，患难之交才是真朋友。 4）He told me that his father is an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是名英语老师 5. ①问路常用的句子： Do you know where is … ? Can you tell me how can I get to …？ Could you tell me how to get to …？②Can/Could/Will/Would you please tell me sth. 表示十分客气地询问事情 ③Could you tell me how to get to the park? 请你告诉我怎么才能去邮局好吗？ 上面句子中的 how to get to the park 是疑问词与动词不定式连用，用作宾语，但不是宾语从句（这一点要搞 清楚，它不是宾语从句），相当于 how I can get to the park（宾语从句） I don't know how to solve the problem ==I don't know how I can solve the problem. 我不知道如何解决这个问题 6. 日常交际用语： take the elevator / escalator to the … floor.乘电梯/自动扶梯到…楼 turn left / right == take a left / right 向左/ 右转 go straight 向前直走 7. next to 旁边、紧接着 Lily is next to Ann. 莉莉就在安的旁边。 8. between … and… 在…和…之间（重中之重...） Lily is between Ann and Tom. 莉莉就在安和汤姆的之间。 9. decide to do 决定做…She decided to go to have lunch. 她决定去吃午餐。 make a decision 做个决定(常见短语) 10. Is that a good place to hang out? 那是不是一个闲荡的好地方？ 如 There are something to eat. 这有吃的东西。 句子中的 to eat 修饰代词 something,作定语。 11. kind of +adj/adv. 译为“有点、一点” She is kind of shy. 她有点害羞。 12. expensive 贵的 反义词 cheap inexpensive 不贵的 13. crowded 拥挤的 反义词 uncrowded 不拥挤的 14. take a vacation == go on a vacation 去度假 15. dress up 打扮 dress up as 打扮成 He wanted to dress up as Father Christmas. 他想要打扮成圣诞老人。 16. on the beach 在海滩上，介词用 on 17. politely adv. 有礼貌地 polite adj. 有礼貌的 18. depend on :根据、依靠、依赖、决定于 Living things depend on the sunlight.生物对阳光有依赖性。 That depends on how you did it. 那决定于你怎样做这件事。 19. prefer 动词，更喜欢、宁愿。 常用的结构有： prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 I prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢 I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着 prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer to work rather than be free. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲着。 20. on the other hand 另一方面（一方面：on the one hand. 21. 把…借给某人：lend sb. sth. == lend sth to sb.（反义词：borrow..from..） Lily lent me her book == Lily lent her book to me . 莉莉把她的书借给了我。 22. I'm sorry to do sth. 对做某事我觉得很抱歉、伤心。 23. in a way 在某种程度说 24. in order to 为了…， 表目的。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他起早床，是为了赶上头班公共汽车。 5 25. 同级比较：as…as ①as + 形容词/ 副词原级 + as , “和…一样 He works as hard as we. 他工作和我们同样努力。 Unit4 《I used to be afraid of the dark.》 【短语归纳】 1. be more interested in 对…更感兴趣. 2. on the swim team 游泳队的队员. 3. be terrified of 害怕. 4. gym class 体操课. 5. worry about 担心. 6. all the time 一直, 总是 7. chat with 与…闲聊 8. hardly ever 几乎从不 9. walk to school = go to school on foot 步行去上学 take the bus to school = go to school by bus 乘车去上学 10. as well as 不仅…而且 11 get into trouble with 遇到麻烦 12 in the end 最后 13. make a decision 下决定，下决心 【重点句子】 1. I used to be afraid of the dark. 我过去常常前害怕黑暗. 2.I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉. 3. I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends. 以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏. 4. I hardly ever have time for concerts. 我几乎没有时间去听音乐会. 5. My lif e has changed a lot in the last few years. 6. It will make you stressed out. 那会使你紧张的. 7. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 玉梅似乎变化很大. 【单元知识点】 1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 2. 反意疑问句 ①肯定陈述句+否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn't she? ②否定陈述句+肯定提问 如：She doesn't come from China, does she? ③提问部分用代词而不用名词 如：Lily is a student, isn't she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词， 如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等，其反意疑问句用肯定式 He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？ They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白，不是吗？ 3. play the piano 弹钢琴 4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣 ②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣 如：He is interested in math, but he isn't interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感 兴趣。 5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 6. be terrified of sth. 害怕…… 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 害怕做…如：I am terrified of speaking. 7. walk to somewhere ： 步行到某处 8. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”（spend 和 pay for 它们的主语都是人，这一点大家要清楚） ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）（重要考点） ②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 （重要考点，尤其要注意动名词，也就是动词的 ing 形 式，很容易出现在选择题中） 如： He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着 He spend 3 months building the bridge. 他花费了三个月去建这座桥。 Pay for :花费 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了 10 元买这本书。 9. take : 动词 ,有“花费”的意思，常用的结构有：(cost: sth. cost…) It takes sb some time/money to do sth.如：It takes me a day to read the book. 10. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。 11.worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事, worry 是动词 be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 , worried 是形容词 如：Don't worry about him. 不用担心他。 6 Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。 12. all the time 一直、始终 13. take sb. to + 地方：送/带某人去某个地方 如： A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 14. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有。 hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前， 助动词/情态动词+hardly ; hardly + 实义动词 如： I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。 I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。 15. miss v. 思念、想念、错过 16. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内，常与完成时连用 如： I have lived in China in the last few years. 在过去的几年内我在中国住。 17. be different from 与…不同 18 how to swim ：怎样游泳 不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和 what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式 短语。 如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don't know where to go. 我不知道去哪。 19. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh 20. move to +地方：搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year. 21. it seems that +从句 看起来好像… 如： It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。 22. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 help sb.（to）do sth. 帮某人做某事 She helped me with English. 她 帮助我学英语。 She helped me （to） study English. 她帮助我学习英语。 23 fifteen-year-old :作形容词 ,15 岁的。fifteen years old 指年龄，15 岁。 如：a fifteen-year-old boy 一个 15 岁的男孩 24 can't afford to do sth. 支付不起…… can't afford sth. 支付不起… I can't afford to buy the car. I can't afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。 25. as + 形容词/副词+ as sb+could/can 尽某人的…能力 Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。 26 to one's surprise 令某人惊讶 to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei's surprise 令李雷惊讶 27. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 28. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心 You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。 29 be able to do sth. 能做某事 She is able to do it. 她能够做到。 30. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。 31.不再 ①no more =no longer I play tennis no more.我不再打网球。 ②not …any more = not …any longer 如： I don't play tennis any longer. 我不再打网球。 Unit5《What are the shirts made of?》 【短语归纳】 1. be made of 由……制造 2. be made in 在……制造 3. environmental protection 环境保护 4. be famous for 以……而著名 5. be produced in 在……生产 6. be known for 以……闻名 7. as far as I know 据我所知 8. pick by hand 手工采摘 9. send for 发送 10. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 11. everyday things 日用品 7 【重点句子】 1. What are the shirts made of? 衬衫是由什么制成的？ 2. It was made in Thailand. 它是在泰国制造的。 3. No matter what you made buy,you might think those products were made in those countries. 无论你买什么，你会认为那些产品是在那些国家制造的。 4. The international kite festival is held in April every year. 国际风筝节是在每年的四月举行。 5. Laura didn’t know that kite flying could be so exciting. 劳拉不知道放飞风筝可能会如此令人兴奋。 【单元知识点】 1. made of 由……制（构）成， This skirt is made of silk.这件裙子是用丝绸制成的。 be made of/from/up of 的区别 （1） be made of 表示制成成品后，仍可看出原材料是什么 保留原材料的,质和形状，制作过程仅发生物理 变化。 The kite is made of paper．风筝是用纸做的。 （2） be made from 表示制成的东西完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生化学变 化，在成品中已无法辨认。 The paper is made from wood．纸是木头做的。 Butter is made from milk．黄油是从牛奶中提炼出来的。 （3） be made up of 用……构成或组成的，指人、物皆可，指结构成分。 Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班是由六个小组组成的。 2. It seems that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea. 好像全世界的许多人都在喝中国茶。 句型“It seems that…”意为“看起来好像/似乎……”，其中 seem 是连系动词，意为“似乎；好像”，句型中的 it 是形式主语，不能用其他代词来替代。 It seems that he was late for the train. 看来他没赶上火车。 seem 的几种常见结构： （1）seem to do sth 此句型可与“It seems that…”转换。 They seem to find the way to the cinema. =It seems that they find the way to the cinema. 他们似乎找到了去 电影院的路了。 （2）seem+形容词 My temperature seems (to be) all right. 我的体温看上去正常了。 3. When the leaves are ready, they are picked by hand and then are sent for processing in factory. 当茶叶成熟 时，就被用手工采摘然后送到工厂加工。 When the fruit are ready, they are picked and are sent to the mark for sale. 当这些水果成熟后就被摘下来并送到市场上卖掉。 4. No matter what you may buy, you might think those products were made in those countries. 无论你买什么，你都可能认为那些产品是在那些国家生产的。 此句为由 no matter +特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。意为“无论….”，相当于 whatever。 No matter what I said to her, she still didn’t believe me. 无论我对她说什么，她仍然不相信我。 5. find out, 查出，找到。指有目的，经过一定努力才找到。 The police are trying to find out where the boy got off the train. 警察正在查找这个男孩是从哪下的火车。 find, find out 与 look for find，find out 和 look for 都含有“寻找、找到”的意思，但其含义和用法却不同。 ① find 意为“找到、发现”，通常指找到或发现具体的东西，也可指偶然发现某物或某种情况，强调的是找 的结果。He didn’t find his bike. 他没找到他的自行车。 ② look for 意为“寻找”，是有目的地找，强调“寻找”这一动作。 I don’t find my pen，I’m looking for it everywhere. 我没有找到我的钢笔，我正到处找。 He is looking for his shoes. 他在找他的鞋子。 ③ find out 意为“找出、发现、查明”，多指通过调查、寻问、打听、研究之后“搞清楚、弄明白”，通常含有 “经过困难曲折”的含义，指找出较难找到的、无形的、抽象的东西。 Please find out when the train leaves. 请查一下火车什么时候离站。 8 Read this passage，and find out the answer to this question. 【语法归纳】 一般现在时态的被动结构及用法 一、概念理解 1. 时态：在英语语言中，时态主要讨论行为动词发生的时间。 如：He often helps me with my English. 他经常帮助我学英语。（help 这个动作经常发生 often；故用一般现在 时）英语中常用的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成 时、过去完成时、过去将来时等等。 1. 语态：在英语语言中，语态主要讨论句子主语与行为动词的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 ① 主语是动作的发出者(执行者)为主动语态。 The tall boy often hits his classmates ② 主语是动作的接受者（承受者）为被动语态。助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词构成 Chinese is spoken by the most people in the world（主语 Chinese 是谓语动词 speak 的接受者）。 3 语态与时态的关系：在任何一个英语句子中都同时存在语态时态，他们是分析一个英语句子的两个主要 元素。 ① He is looking after his sister at home. ② He is being looked after well by his parents. 二、被动语态最基本的句型结构： be +及物动词过去分词 ①、be 有时态，人称和数的变化。 ②、被动语态中的谓语动词必须是及物动词；因为被动句中的主语是动作的承受者，某些短语动词如 look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at 等，也可用于被动语态。 三、被动语态的使用 1. 当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用 by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. 2. 突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用 by 短语。如：The cup was broken by Paul. 3. 当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用 in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 如：These cars were made in China. 四、主动语态变被动语态的变法： 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词 by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主 语是地点名词，在被动语态中用 in + 地点名词作状语。 五、一般现在时的被动语态：am /is/ are +done 如： Tea is grown in Hangzhou. 杭州种植茶叶。 Unit6《When was it invented ?》 【短语归纳】 1. by accident 偶然地；意外地 2. without doubt 毫无疑问的；的确 3. by mistake 错误地；无意中 4. look up to 钦佩；仰慕 5. take place 发生；出现 6. all of a sudden 突然；猛地 7. divide…into… 把……分开 8. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 9. the style of ……的样式 10. be used for 被用于…… 11. in the sixth century 在第 6 世纪 12. travel around 周游 13 more than == over 超过（相比较，more than 更重要） more than 300 == over 300 :超过 300 14 over an open fire 野饮 【单元知识点】 1. invent v. 发明 inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明，可数名词 2. be used for doing ，用来做…（是被动语态） Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 3. 给某人某样东西 give sth. to sb. I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。 give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。 9 6. by mistake 错误地 make mistake 犯错 I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。 7. make sb./sth+形容词：使…怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我高兴 make sb./sth+名词：让…做…It made me laugh. 它让我发笑 8. by accident 意外，偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。 9. not…until… 直到…才 I didn't go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。 10. according to +名词：根据… according to this article 根据这篇文章 14. fall into 落入，掉进 The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。 fall down 摔倒 She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。 15. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词 a 连用时，冠词 a 必须放在它的后面 quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 16. including . 包括。 可以与名词和动名词连用.including doing sth Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6 个人包括一个小孩受伤了。 17. have been played 被上演 , have /has been +过去分词。 18. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生 19 safety n. 安全 safe adj. 安全的 20 knock into 撞上（某人）knock at/on 21. divide sth. into … ,将…划分成，通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 Let's divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成 4 组。 22 since then 自从那以后。常与完成时态连用 Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。 Unit7《Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.》 【短语归纳】 1. be allowed to do sth. 被允许干… allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人干…… allow doing sth. 允许干…… 2. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16 岁的孩子 3. part-time jobs 兼职工作 4. a driver’s license 驾照 5. on weekends 在周末 6. at that age 在那个年龄段 7. on school nights 在上学日的晚上 8. stay up 熬夜 9. clean up 清扫 10. fail （in） a test 考试不及格 11. take the test 参加考试 12. the other day 前几天 13. all my classmates 我所有的同学 14. concentrate on 全神贯注于 15. be good for 对…有益 16. in groups 成群的，按组 17. get noisy 吵闹（系表结构） 18. learn from 向某人学习 19. at present 目前，现在 20. have an opportunity to do sth. 有做……的机会 21 the other day 前几天 22. at present 目前 23. at least 最少 at most 最多 24 reply to 答复某人 25. get in the way of : 碍事，妨碍 【重点句子】 1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许 12 岁的孩子穿 耳孔。 2. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业。 3. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上 11 点。 4. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多 做这类事情。 5. What school rules do you think should be changed?你认为学校的哪些制度应该改一改了？ 6. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合。 7. The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了。 8. Should I be allowed to make my own decisions? 我应该被允许自己做决定吗? 9. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.只有这样我才能实现我的梦想。 10 10. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much a s they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练 多长时间就练多长时间。 11. We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步。 【单元知识点】 1. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事 LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。 2. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞 get/have sth. done（过去分词）：让/使（别人）做某事 3. enough 足够 形容词+enough beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough+名词 enough food 足够食物 4 stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。 stop to do sth. 停止一件事去做另一件事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。 5 it seems that +从句 ;看起来好像…… It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。 6 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。 常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay（保持）， kept 等。连系动词除 be 和 become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. 7 倒装句：由 so+助动词（be/do/will/have）情态动词+主语，也是一样 She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。 She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。 8. yet 仍然，还 ; 常用在否定句或疑问句当中 already 9. stay up 熬夜 如：I often stay up until 12:00pm. 我经常熬夜到 12 点。 10. clean up 打扫 整理 I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。 11. 程度副词： always 总是 usually 经常 sometimes 有时 never 从不 12. 曾经做某事： Do you ever get to school late? 13. go shopping（去购物）， go fishing（去钓鱼）， go swimming（去游泳）， go boating（去划船）， go hiking （去远足 14. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如： Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。 15. take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败 18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree 不同意 动词 agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词 18. keep sb/ sth+ 形容词；使某人/某物保持…… We should keep our city clean. 我们应该保持我们的城市干净。 19. both…and… + 动词复数形式 Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 20. learn （sth.） from sb; 向谁学习（什么） Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事（注意后面用的是不定式） I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. 22. 花费： take ,cost, spend , pay sth. take （sb.） time to do sth. It took （me） 10days to read the book. sth. cost （sb.） …… The book cost （me） 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book. sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book .(take 它的主语往往是 it，spend 和 pay 的主语是人，cost 的主语是物） 23. have + 时间段+off : 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off 24. agree with sth. 同意（常见考点） 如：I agree with that idea. 25 success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 11 30. think about 与 think of 的区别 ①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。 ②think about 还有“考虑”之意 ,think of 做为想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。 31. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣 be serious about doing She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。 be serious about sth. She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。 32. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 33. care about sb. 关心某人 Mother often care about her son. 34. also :也 ,用于句中 either:也 ,用于否定句且用于句末 too:也 ,用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。 I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。 Unit8《It must belong to Carla.》 【短语归纳】 1. be long to 属于 2. listen to classical music 听古典音乐 3. at school 上学；求学；在学校 4. go to the concert 去听音乐会 5. have any/some idea 知道 6. a math test on algebra 有关代数的数学考试 7. the final exam 期末考试 8. because of 因为 9. a present for his mother 送给她妈妈的礼物 10. run for exercise 跑步锻炼 11. catch a bus 赶公车 12call the police 报警 Call the police! 叫警察！ 13. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西 14 get on 上车 get off 下车 【重点句子】 1. If you have any idea where might be please call me. 如果你知道它可能在哪，请打电话给我。 2. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam. 关键是我必须学，因为它占期末考试的 30%。 3. What do you think “anxious“ means? 你认为“anxious”是什么意思？ 4. He could be running for exercise. 他可能是跑步锻炼身体。 5. He mig ht be running to catch a bus. 他可能是在跑着赶公共汽车。 6. Why do you think the man is running? 你觉得那个男的为什么跑？ 【单元知识点】 1. 情态动词 must, may , might, could, may , can't 表示推测含义，后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况 的揣测和推断，但他们含义有所不同 must be 一定，肯定 can't be 不可能，不会 may, might, could 有可能，也许 20%-80%的可能性）The dictionary must be mine. The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening to pop music. The hair band can't be Bob's. 2. whose :谁的，是个疑问词，作定语，后面接名词 Whose book is this? This is Lily's. 3. belong to 属于 That English book belongs to me. 4.乐器前用定冠词 the play the guitar play the piano play the violin 球类运动，则不用定冠词 play football play basketball play baseball 5. if 引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时 If you don't hurry up, you'll be late. 如果你不快点，你将会迟到 6. if you have any idea= if you know 如果你知道 7. try to do sth. 尝试做某事 I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。 8. because of:由于 because:因为， because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语 because + 从句 I do it 12 because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。 I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。 17. there be sb./ sth. doing :有…正在 There is a cat eating fish. 18. escape from …从哪里逃跑出来 He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的建筑中逃出来。 19. an ocean of + 名词，极多的，用不尽的 an ocean of energy. 20. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词 honest 诚实的。 21. use up 用光。用完 They have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有的钱。 22. attempt to do 试图做某事（attempt 后面用的是不定式 to do） The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。 23. look for 寻找，强调找的过程 find 找，强调找的结果 I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程） I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果） 24. hear 听，强调听的结果 listen 听，强调听的过程 Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听到或没听到） I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程） 25. try one's best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事（后面跟的不定式 to do 是考试的重点） He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。 26 名词所有格 名词所有格的构成有两种形式 ①在名词后面加 's ,而以 s 结尾 的名词，在名词的后面只需要加 ' 如：Ann's book 安的书， our teachers' office 我们老师们的办公室 注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加‘s, Lily and Lucy's father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人） ②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格（记住这个用法，考试的时候经常遇到）a picture of my family 我家人的相片 有时也有's 表示无生命的东西的所有格 如： today's newspaper, the city's name 【语法归纳】 现在完成时态 ⑴ 由 have/ has + 过去分词构成 ⑵ 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already, just , yet , ever, never 连用 Have you finished your work yet? 你完成了你的工作了吗？ Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。 I have already finished it . 我已经完成了。 ⑶表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带 有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：for two months, so far,up to now(到目前为止),since last year,for a long time,all my life,these few days 等。 ①常和表示一段时间的状语连用 如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及 how long ） ②注：非延续性动词在现在完成时态中不能和 for,since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用，应转为 相应的延续性动词 如： die-- be dead join -- be in leave-- be away buy----have borrow ---keep come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out leave ----be away begin-----be on finish----be over open----be open close -----be closed ⑷①have（has）been to + 地点 表示去过某地，已经回来（这个经常考，have/has been to,翻译成去过某 地） ②have（has）gone to + 地点 表示去了某地，没有回来 ③have been in + 地点 表示一直呆在某地，没有离开过 She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。（已经回来） She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。（没有回来） She has been in Shanghai for 2 days. 她呆上海两天了。（没有离开过上海 Unit9《I like music that I can dance to.》 13 【短语归纳】 1. expect to do sth. 期望干…expect sb. to do sth 期望某人干…… 2. catch up with 追上，赶上 3. different kinds of music 各种不同的音乐 4. quiet and gentle songs 轻柔的歌曲 5. take…to… 带……到…… 6. remind…of… 使某人想起或意识到… 7. her own songs 她自己的歌曲 8. be important to 对……重要 9. Yellow River 黄河 10. Hong Tao’s latest movie 洪涛最近的电影 11. over the years 多年来 12. be sure to do sth. 务必干……一定干…… 13. one of the best known Chinese photographers 世界上最有名的中国摄影家之一 14. on display 展览，展出 15. come and go 来来往往 16. can’t stand 不能忍受 17. most of … ……的大多数 18 keep healthy 保持健康 19. get together 聚在一起 20 be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的 be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处 21 for example，例如 22. even if 甚至 23 different kinds of :各种各样 different kinds of clothes :各种各样的衣服 【重点句子】 1. I love singers who write their own music. 我喜欢自己创作曲子的歌手。 2. We prefer music that has great lyrics. 我们更喜欢歌词很棒的曲子。 3. What do you dislike about this CD. 你不喜欢这张 CD 的什么？ 4. What does it remind you of？ 它使你想起了什么？ 5. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music. 这首曲子使我想起了巴西舞曲。 6. It does have a few good features, though. 然而，它的确也有一些好的方面。 7. She really has something for everyone. 每个人的确都能从她的作品 中领悟到一些东西。 8. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition.无论怎样，你都不能错过这次展出。 9. As the name suggests, the band has a lot of energy. 正如乐队名字所暗示的那样， 这支乐队很有活力。 10. Some people say they are boring, but others say they are great. 有些人说他们很无聊，但也有人说，他们是伟大的。 11.I f I were you, I’d eat nuts instead. 如果我是你，我会改吃坚果。 【单元知识点】 1. prefer v. 更喜欢，宁愿； prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 I prefer English. 我更喜欢英语。 prefer to do. 宁愿做某事 I prefer to sit.我宁愿坐着。 prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢…I prefer dogs to cats. 与猫相比我更喜欢狗。 prefer doing to doing .宁愿 做某事而不愿做某事 I prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。 2. along with 伴随… , 同… 一道； I will go along with you. 我同你一道去。 3. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞 （to 是介词） She likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。 4 take … to … ,带…去… My father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。 5. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒，使…记起… This song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。 6. be important to sb. 对…重要 7. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地 fortunately adv. 幸运地 8. look for 寻找 My pen is lost. Could you help me look for it? 我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗？ 9. though = although 作连词，翻译成虽然，尽管，放在句子中间/句首，不能和 but 连 Though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了，但他还在工作 Mr. Smith , though he was young, did it very well. 史密斯先生虽然年轻，却做得很好。 10. be sure to do 一定做某事，肯定做某事 It is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪 11. over the years 很多年来，常与现在完成时连用 14 Over the years, they've planted many trees on the hills. 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。 12. take care of = look after 照顾，关 She often takes care of / looks after her son. 13stay away from 远离…… Stay away from me , I have a cold. 请远离我，我得了感冒 14. to be honest :老实说 To be honest I really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。 15. be in agreement: 意见一致，常与介词 on /about 连 They are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。 Unit10《 You're supposed to shake hands.》 【短语归纳】 1. be supposed to do 被期望做，应该 2. shake hands 握手 3. for the first time 第一次 4. table manners 餐桌礼仪 5. drop by 偶然拜访，顺便拜访 6. after all 毕竟，终究 7. be on time 准时 8. （in）the wrong way 以错误的方式 9. be relaxed about 对……比较随意 10. a bit 一点 11 in time 及时 12. around the world =all over the world 全世界 13. point at 指向 14. make mistakes 犯错误（复数）make a mistake 犯错误（ 15 make faces 做鬼脸 16. face to face 面对面 【重点句子】 1. He should have told me about it. 他本应该把这件事告诉我。 2. Where I’m from, we’re pretty relaxed about time.我所在的地方，对时间是相当宽松的。 3. We often just drop by our friends’ homes. 我们时常去朋友家拜访。 4. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can. 我们经常走遍市中心， 看尽可能多的朋友。 5. We usually make plans to see friends. 通常我们都是做好去看朋友的计划。 6. We’re the land of watches, after all. 毕竟，我们是表之乡。 7. It’s even better than I thought it would be. 事情比我想象的要好得多。 8. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. 他们花尽心血让我感觉不到拘束。 9. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. 尽管我经常出一些错，但它不像过去那样打扰我。 10. I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. 开始，我想那是太奇怪了，但是现在我已经习惯了。 11. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’t find them so strange any more. 不得不承认，我发现记住一切东西是很困难的，但我渐渐习惯了，并且发现他 们也不再那么奇怪了。 【单元知识点】 1. be supposed to do 应该 We are supposed to stop smoking. 我们应该停止吸烟。 2. You should have asked what you were supposed to wear. 你本应该问清楚怎么样穿才得体。 上句中的“should have asked”是“情态动词+现在完成时”表示过去本应该做某事，事实上没有做 She should have gone to Beijing. 她本应该去了北京。（没有去） 4. be relaxed about sth. 对某事随意、不严格 They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。 5. pretty adv. 相当，很 She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。 adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。 6. plan to do. 打算做某事 She has planed to go to Beijing. 7. drop by 访问，看望，拜访，串门 We just dropped by our friends' homes.我们刚刚去朋友家串门。 9. after all 毕竟 终究 You see I was right after all.你看，毕竟还是我对了。 10. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 Lily invited me to have dinner.莉莉请我吃晚饭。 15 11. without 没有（反义词 with） 13. pick up 捡起 挑选（捡起的意思考的较多） He picked up his hat. 他捡起他的帽子。 14. start/begin doing = start to do 开始做某事 He started reading= He started to read. 他开始读。 15 go out of one's way to do 特意，专门做某事 He went out of his way to make me happy. 他特意使我高兴。 16. be different from 与……不同 Chinese food is different from theirs. 中国菜与他们的不同。 17. get/be used to sth. 习惯于…get/be used to doing 习惯于…… be used to do 被用于做…… be used for doing 被用于做… used to do 过去常常做… I wash clothes everyday. But I'm used to it. 我每天都洗衣服，但我习惯了 I am used to washing clothes. 我习惯于洗衣服了。 The knives are used to cut things. 小刀被用来切东西。 The knives are used for cutting things. 小刀被用来切东西。 She used to watch TV after school. 她过去放学后常常看电视。 18. I find it difficult to remember everything. 我发现要记住每一样事是困难的。 find/think + it +形容词 to do sth. I think it hard to study English. 19. cut up 切开 切碎 Let's cut up the watermelon. 让我们切开这个西瓜吧。 20. can't stop doing 忍不住做某 I can't stop laughing. 我忍不住笑 21 learn…by oneself 自学 I learn English by myself. 我自学英语。 Unit 11 Sad movies make me cry 单元短语 1. make sb. do sth .使某人做某事 make me cry 使我想哭 make sb. +adj. 使某人...... make me nervous / uncomfortable / sleepy 使我紧张 / 不舒服 /困倦 2. wait for sb.等某人 drive sb crazy/ mad= make sb crazy 使某 人发疯 / 发狂 so... that ...如此... 以致... 3. the +比较级+…, the+比较级+… 越…, 就越… the more..., the more....越......越....... 4. yes and no 好坏参半，既好又不好 5. be sure 确定 be sure (not) to do sth 一定（不） 要 做某事 be sure that clause 确信…… be sure of / about ...确信…，对…有把握 6. get to do sth 开始做某事 get to know sb 开始了解某人 7. have ... in common 有共同点 have a lot in common 有很多共同点 have only one thing in common 只有一个共同点 have nothing in common 没有共同点 8.be friends with sb 是某人的朋 友 9.leave out 不包括；省略 feel left out 感觉被忽视/ 冷落 10.make our friendship stronger 使我们的友谊更 坚固 11. sleep badly 睡眠很差 12. a long time ago 很久以前 13.live an unhappy king 住着一位不快乐的国 王 14. feel like doing sth 想要做...... feel like eating =want to eat 想吃 15. be pale as chalk 苍白得像石灰 16. for no reason 没有理由的；无缘无故 17. neither…nor… 既不…也不…18. be called to the palace 被召进宫 call in 召进 call sb in 召进某人 19. in one’s mind 在某人的脑海里 / 在某人的心里 20. the prime minister 大 臣，首相 21. explain sth to sb 向某人解释某事 22. be worried about 担心 23. have lots of power 有很多的权 力 24. take one’s position=take one’s place 代替某人的职位/位置 25. have a lot of wealth 有很多财富 26. be followed by sb 被某人跟踪 follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事 follow one’s example 效仿某人的做法 27.the top general 大将军 28. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 sb be told to do sth 某人被告知做某事 29. In three days’time 在三天时间内 30. to start with=to begin with 起初 (用于句首，表示事情发生的先后顺序）31. get the exam result back 取考试成绩单 32. hand back 退还， 交还 33. find out 发现/ 查出 34. do too badly 做得 太差 35. throw rubbish on the streets 在街道上扔垃圾 36. clean up 打扫干净 37.remain unhappy forever 仍 旧永远不幸福 a happy person with power and money 一个既有权又有钱的快乐的人 38. search for= look for 搜寻 / 寻找 39. even though = even if 即使 40. return to the king 回复国王 return sth to sb = return sb sth = give sth back to sb 归还某人某物 41. a shirt of a happy person 一个快乐人的衬衫 42..the winning team 必胜的球队 43. Keep one’s eyes on sth / sb 盯着/留意某物/ 某人 44.feel like 感觉像 45. . on the shoulder 在肩上 on one’ s shoulders 在某人的双肩上 46. . on the soccer field 在足球场上 47. miss scoring the goal 错过进球 48. . let sb down= disappoint sb 使某人失望 49.stop doing sth 停止做某事 stop thinking about 停止思考/考虑 50. lose 16 the game 输掉了比赛 51. kick sb off+地点= kick sb out of sp 把某人从某地开除 52. rather than 而不是 53. all over one’s face 某人的整个脸上 54. knock on /at the door 敲门 55. communicate with sb 与某人交流 56. be hard on sb 对某人苛刻 / 要求严格 57. support each other 相互支持 58. learn from sb 向某人学习 learn from sth 从某物中学习 59. with courage 勇敢地 60. be close to sth / doing sth 接近/差点儿做某事 61. pull together 齐心协力 62. nod in agreement 点头同意 63. continue to do=go on to do 继续做某事(前后不是同一件 事） continue doing sth = go on doing sth 继续做某事（(前后做同一件事） 64.to one’s relief 令人欣慰的 / 庆幸的 /心安的 65.to one’s surprise 令人惊奇的 是 66. offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物 67.get into a fight with sb 和某人吵架 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 68. a big group of 一大群 课文重难点详解 1. would rather “宁愿；宁可；更喜欢”，后跟动词原形 没有人称和数的变化，其中 would 常缩写成’d 形式 【肯定句：would rather do sth. =prefer to do sth. 【否定句：would rather not do sth 宁愿不做某事 2 make 构成的句型 (1) make sb/sth + 形容词 “让某人或某物…” make you happy (2) make sb./sth do sth “使某人/物做某事” make me laugh. (3)be made to do sth 被迫做某事 We were made to work days and nights.我们被迫日夜工作。 【拓展 make 构成的词组 (1) be made of +材料(看得出原材料) “被用……制成” , (2) be made from+材料 (看不出原材料) “被用……制成” , The bread is made from wheat. (3) be made in +产地 “在某地制造……” This watch is made in China (4) be made up of … =consist of“被…… 构成” Our class is made up of/consists of 28 boys and 26 girls. 3. Waiting for Amy drove Tina mad. 等待艾美令缇娜有点抓狂。( 2b ) 【解析 1】动名词做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数 wait for 等待 【解析 2】 drive → drove→driven ① v 驾驶 v 迫使 → driver n 司机 4. The movie was so sad that it made Tina and Amy ________ . ( 2b ) 电影如此的悲伤以至于它让缇娜和艾美感到……。 【辨析】so… that … /so that （1）so＋形容词或副词＋that ...引导的肯定的结果状语从句“如此……以至于……” (2)so that“以便……;为了……”,引导目的状语从句。 从句中常使用 can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动词 5.have fun =have a good time/ great time = enjoy oneself 玩的开心 have fun doing sth 很愉快做某事 6. I’m not sure what to do about it. 关于这件事我不确信该做什么。（2d) 【解析 1】sure ① adj.确信的，确实的； 一定的 make sure 确保，核实，查收，弄清楚 【辨析】what to do 和 how to do it 的区别 这两个短语都是特殊疑问词加不定式构成的，相当于宾语从句。 I don't know how to do it=I don't know what to do 7. What happened? 发生了什么事( 2d ) 【解析】(1) happen v “发生” 不及物动词，没有被动语态 ，主语是物，强调某事发生的偶然性 (1) “sth.+happen+地点/时间”，“某地/某时发生了某事” (2) sth. happen to sb. 某事发生在某人身上 (3) sb. happen to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事 8. the more I got to know Julie, the more I’ve realized that we have a lot in common. 我越是了解朱莉，就越意识到我们是有多么的相似。( 2d ) 17 【解析】(1) “The+比较级(+句子), the+比较级(+句子)” “越……越…..”。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你越用功，进步就越大。 【解析 2】have …in common “有共同点；相似” 9.friend n 朋友 → friendly adj. 有好的 (反）unfriendly → friendship n 友谊 (1) make friends 交朋友 (2) make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 (3)be friendly to 对….友好 9. Why don’t +sb.+do sth.? =Why not + do sth.? 为何不……？ 用来提出建议或劝告。 Why don’t you go with us? =Why not go with us?你为什么不和我们一起去呢？ each time 名词词组, 充当连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“每一次……”, 10. leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略 to be /feel left out (感觉）被遗忘；（感觉）被忽略 11.feel like doing sth.=want to do sth. =would like (to do) sth. 想要做……”,【拓展】feel like 的其他用法 (1) 表示“摸起来像……” It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。 (2) 表示“感觉像(是)……” My legs feel like cotton wool. 我感觉两条腿软得像棉花一样。 13.His face was always pale as chalk. 他总是面色 苍白。( 3a ) 【解析】(as) pale as chalk 是一种明喻修辞结构,描述不健康的人面部 14. for no reason 没有理由的；无缘无故 15 call in 召来，叫来 Call in the doctor at once. 马上去请医生来。 examine v (仔细）检查，检验 → n examination 考试 16. Neither medicine nor rest can help him. 无论是药物还是休息都帮不了他。 【解析】 neither...nor...“既不……也 不……； ……和……都不”， 其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并 列的成份,谓语动词的单复数采取“就近原则”。 I have neither money nor time. 我既没有钱也没有时间。 Neither Tom nor his sisters were at home.汤姆和珍都不在家。 【辨析 1】both, either & neither ★neither 表示“两者都不”， 作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Neither of his parents is a doctor. 他的父母都不是医生。 ★both 表示“两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Both of his parents are doctors. 他的父母都是医生。 ★either 表示“两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。 Either of his parents is a doctor. 他的父母中有一个是医生。 【辨析 2】either...or ... ; both ... and .../neither...nor... (1) either… or….意为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”， 表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分，谓语动词的单复数采取“就近原则”。 Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。 (2) both … and…“既……又……”, 连接任意两个并列成份，做主语是谓语动词用复数。 Both you and I are going there tomorrow. 明天我们俩都要去那里。 (3) neither…nor 既不……也不，谓语动词跟最近的主语一致。 Neither he nor I am from Beijing.他和我都不在北京。 17.】worry v 担心 → worried adj. 焦急的 be worried about =worry about 担心 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】 (4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 3】 take one’s position 取代某人的位置=take one’s place He takes my position/place.他取代了我的位置。 18. I have a lot of wealth, but I’m always worried about losing my money(3a ) 18 我有许多财富，但是我总是很担心失去我的钱。 【解析】wealth n 财富 → wealthy adj. 富有的(比较级 wealthier ;最高级 wealthiest be wealthy in ......丰富 Health is better than wealth 健康胜于财富 19. It’s true that I’m famous and everyone loves my songs.(3a ) 我很有名气，每个人都喜欢我的歌曲，这是事实。 【解析】 It’s+ adj. +that 从句 某事/做某事是怎样的 20. I’m always worried about being followed by others. 我总是担心被人跟随。(3a ) 【解析】be followed by 被跟随 follow v 跟随，跟着→ following adj. 下述的，接着的 follow sb. to do sth 跟随某人做某事 21. …find a happy man in three day’s time. 在三天是时间内找到一个快乐的人 (3a )【注】： in+时间段 在 一段时间内，用于将来时 I will be back in three days. 我三天之内回来。 23. To start with, it was cloudy and grey. 首先，天气多云，而且灰蒙蒙的。(4a) 【解析】 to start with“首先”,= first 或 firstly, 用于句首,表示事情发生的先后顺序。【start 短语】 start to do sth/ start doing sth 开始做某事 from start to finish 自始自终 24.That made me disappointed. 那使我很失望。(4a) 【解析】disappoint vt.1. 使(人)失望 2. 使破灭；使落空→disappointed→ disappointing 形容词 常用表达有： ①be disappointed at sth. 对......感到失望 ②be disappointed with sb.; 对某人感到 失望 ③be disappointed to do sth.; 很失望做某事 ②You can trust Jack. He’ll never ________ _______ ________ (使你失望）. Section B 1. Peter kept his eyes on the ground …皮特盯着地面……( 2b ) 【解析】 keep one’s eyes on sth. “盯着……” “留意；照看”。 3.He felt a heavy weight on his shoulders English.as he walked home alone 当他独自走回家的时候，感到肩上有沉重的负担(2b) 【解析 1】weigh v 称.....的重量；衡量 →weight n 重量 What’s his ______________(weigh).? 【短语】 lose weight 减肥 gain/put on weght 增肥 【解析 2】shoulder n 肩；肩膀 on one’s shoulder 在某人的双肩上 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩的 4.How could he have missed scoring that goal?( 2b ) 他怎么能没有踢进那个球呢？ 【解析】 could have done 表示“过去本能够做某事但未做”, 包含“责备”意义。 How could he have been such a fool?他怎么这么糊涂？ 5. He had let his whole team down. 他让整个团队失望了。 let sb. down =make sb. frustrated 使……失望或沮丧 【解析 2】all/ whole 辨析 Ⅰ. 二者意义（“全部、都、整个”）相同，然而词序不同。 Ⅱ. all 用于冠词，所有格或其它“限定词”之前。 whole 则用于冠词之后。 ① all the time. ────→the whole time.全部时间 ② all my life ────→the whole life.我的一生 7. He was really worried that his coach might kick him off the team.( 2b ) 他真的担心教练会把他开除这个队。 【解析】 kick v. 踢; 踹 kick sb. off =kick sb. out of sth. 开除某人 8. As soon as he walked through the door, his father asked, “What’s wrong, son?” 【解析】 as soon as 表示“一……就……”， 引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将来，从现在”，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时 19 9.Ten minutes later, Peter heard his father knocking on his bedroom door.( 2b ) 十分钟后，彼特听到爸爸敲他卧室的门。 Hear sb doing see/watch/find/hear/notice sb. doing sth. 10. But whatever it was, don’t be too hard on yourself. be hard on sb. (2b ) 但不管结果怎样，不要对自己要求太苛刻。 【解析 1】whatever =no matter what 无论什么,引导让步状语从句， 【解析 2】be hard on sb.“对……很严厉；要求很苛刻;苛待(为难)某人”。 11.Besides, winning or losing is only half the game. 除此之外，输赢只是比赛的一半。( 2b ) 【解析】 besides/ / except 辨析 （1） besides “除……以外还有”, 指的是“已有……另加上,表示包括后面提到的人或物在内。 Lucy went to the cinema besides Lily. (Lily 也去了) 2）except “除去”, 着重在除去的部分。表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在内。 All the students went to the park except Jim. (Jim 没去) 12. The next day, Peter went to soccer practice with courage rather than fear in his heart. 第二天，皮特并没有害怕，而是勇敢地去参加足球训练。( 2b ) 【解析 1】courage n. 勇气; 勇敢 → courageous adj. 勇敢的；有勇气的 lose courage 灰心丧气 take courage 鼓起勇气 【解析 2】rather than 并非; 而不是（是一个并列连词） rather than 用法小结 1) rather than 与 would 连用时，构成“would rather...than...”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”， 表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。 She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。 2）rather than 不与 would 连用时，表示客观事实，意为“(是……) 而不是……；与其……不如……”。 它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。 I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不是打电话(2b) 13.We were so close to winning that game 我们差点儿就赢了那场比赛。 【解析】be close to 接近......,差点儿...... 14.But I think if we continue to pull together, we’re going to win the next one. 【解析 1】continue v 继续 continue doing sth =go on doing sth 继续做某事(前后做同一件事) continue to do sth = go on to do sth 继续做某事（前后不是同一件事） 【解析 2】 pull together 齐心协力; 通力合作 If all of us pull together, there must be something we can do to improve the environment. 15. What kind of advice did Peter’s father offer to his son? 皮特的父亲给自己儿子提供了哪种建议？(2c) 【解析】advice n 建议（不可数名词）→ advise v 建议 (1) a piece of advice 一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议 (2)give sb. some advice 给某人一些建议 (3)advise sb. to do sth 建议某人做某事 16. getting into a fight with your best friend 和你最好的朋友吵架(3a) 【解析】get in = get into 进入 get into trouble 惹上麻烦 Unit12《Life is full of the unexpected.》 【短语归纳】 1. take a shower 洗 浴 2. leave my backpack at home 把背包忘在家里 3. get back to school 返回学校 4. start teaching 开始教学 5. go off 响铃 6. rush out the door 冲出房门 7. give sb a lift 捎某人一程 8. miss both events 错过两个事件 9. full of unexpected 充满着不可预知性 10. be about to do sth 正要做某事 11. stare in disbelief at 难以置信地盯着。12. raise above the burning building 从正在燃烧的楼上升起 13. jump out of bed 跳下床 14. collect the math homework 收数学作业 15. complete the work for my boss 完成老板的工作 20 16. make the apple pie 制作苹果馅饼 17. show up 赶到，出现 18. add the green beans 加绿豆荚 【重点句子】 1. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. 当我起床时，我哥哥已经进了浴室了。 2. By the time I got outside, the bus had already gone. 当我出来时，公汽已经走了。 3. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 当我到达学校时，我才意识到我把背包忘在家里了。 4. By the time I walked into class, the teacher had started teaching already. 当我走进教室时，老师已经开始讲课了。 5. By the time I arrived at the party, everyone else had already showed up. 当我到达晚会时， 其他的每个人都已经到了。 6. When he put the noodles into the bowl, he realized he had forgotten to add the green beans. 当他把面条放进碗 里时，他意识到他忘了添加绿豆荚了。 7. Before she got a chance to say goodbye, he had gone into the building. 在她得到一个向他告别的机会之前，他已经进入楼房了。 【单元知识点】 1. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left.当我出来的时候，公共汽车已经走了。 by the time 作连词引导时间状语从句，当从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时；当从句用一般现在时，主 句用一般将来时或将来完成时。 By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself. 等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。 I’ll be in bed by the time you get home. 你到家时，我已经上床睡觉了。 2. When she got to school, she realized she had left her backpack at home. 当她到学校时，她意识到她把背包忘在家里了。 表示“把某物忘在某处”要用词组 leave sth in a place。 I've left my umbrella at home. 我把伞忘在家里了。 I left my book on the desk. 我把书忘在桌子上。 forget 意为“遗忘某物”，指忘记一件具体的东西，但不能有具体的地点。 I forgot my umbrella yesterday. 我昨天忘了带伞。 Don't forget the cases. 别忘了带箱子。 3. above 作介词 在…上面 The moon is now above the trees. 月亮正位于树梢上。 在…之上，超过 They are children above six years old. 他们是六岁以上的孩子。 4. alive adj. 活着的；有生气的 alive, living 与 live （1）alive 主要用作表语（有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语），可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。 注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃 的学生。 （2）living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。 如：Are your grandparents still living？ 你的祖父母还健在吗？ alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。谁是当代最伟大的诗人？ Who is the greatest living poet？ Who is the greatest poet alive？ 若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死 的“界限”。 He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。 （3）live 通常只用作定语（前置），可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。 He bought some live fish. 他 买了几条活鱼。 Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着 5. Last Friday night, my friend invited me to his birthday party. 上周五晚上，我朋友邀请我参加他的生日晚会。 invite sb. to a place（或一活动、聚会） 意为“邀请某人到某一地方或参加某一活动”；而 invite sb to do sth. 意 为“邀请某人做某事”。 21 I think we have many friends now, and we must invite them to our place. 我想我们现在有很多朋友了， 我们也应该邀请他们到我们家做客。 Kitty’s teacher Mr Wu invited me to join their school trip to the World Park. 基蒂的老师吴老师邀请我参加了去世界公园的学校郊游活动。 6. Wells made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story and fear spread across the whole country. 威尔斯讲述这个新闻起来如此的真实，以致成百上千的人都相信了这个故事，进而引发了全国性的恐慌。 so…that 在此引导结果状语从句，so 后面应加一个形容词或副词，意为“如此……以至于……”。 This book is so interesting that everyone in our class wants to read it.这本书是如此的有趣以至于全班同学都想 看看。（so＋形容词） He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.他跑得那么快，以至于我跟不上他。 （so＋副词）表示“如此……以至于……”之意时， so…that, too…to do sth., enough to do sth. 这三个句型可 互换使用。 （1）在 so…that 句型中，当主语和从句都是肯定式，且主、从句的主语指的是同一人时，可简化为 enough to do sth.结构。 如：He ran so fast that he caught up with us quickly. =He ran fast enough to catch up with us quickly. 他跑得飞 快，很快就赶上了我们。 （2）在 so…that 句型中，当主句和从句都是肯定式，但主、从句的主语不一致时，可简化成 enough for sb. to do sth.结构。 如：The problem is so easy that she can work it out. =The problem is easy enough for her to work out. 这道题很 容易，她能解答出来。 （3）在 so…that 句型中，当主句和从句的主语一致，但主句是肯定式，从句是否定式时，可简化成 enough to do sth. 或 too…to do sth.结构。与 enough to do sth.转换时，形容词或副词应变为与之相反的词，前面的动 词为否定式。 He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He is not old enough to go to school. 他还没到上学的年龄。 如果主从句的主语不一致，须在 to do sth.前加 for sb 作为不定式的逻辑主语。 The problem is so difficult that we can’t work it out. =The problem is too difficult for us to work out. =The problem isn’t easy enough for us to work out. 这道题太难了，我们解答不出来。 【语法归纳】 过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 两者主要区别是时间的参照点不同： 过去完成时的时间参照点是某个“过去的”时间；现在完成时的时间参照点是“现在”。因此现在完成时中的很 多规则，也适用于过去完成时。 例句： When I got to the cinema, the film had been on for five minutes.当我到达电影院时，电影已演了五分钟了。（got 是一个过去的“时间点”，电影“开始”在我“到达”之前，是“过去的过去”。因为 for five minutes 为延续一段的 时间状语，应用可延续的系表结构 be on 的过去完成时形式。） 注：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的是“过去的过去”，只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它， 因此当原句中若找不到一个“过去的时间”作为参照点时，是不能用过去完成时的。 He got to the railway station and suddenly realized that he had forgotten to bring his ticket.他到了火车站后忽然意 识到他竟忘记带车票了。（“忘记”这一动作在“意识到”这一动作之前。） Unit13《We're trying to save the earth!》 【短语归纳】 1.noise/ air/ water pollution 噪音/ 空气/ 水污染 the bottom of .......的底部 be full of rubbish 装满垃圾 2.throw litter into the river 把垃圾扔进河里 3. put waste into the river 把废品放进河里 4.write to sb. 给某人 写信 5. close down （工厂）关闭/ 使停业 turn off 关闭(电源）6. clean up 打扫干净 7. Play a part in 在...... 方面起作用 8. on the road 在路上9. burn coal烧煤10. pollute the air污染空气 11. a lot of black smoke 许多黑 烟 12. throw away 扔掉；抛弃 throw away things 扔掉/抛弃东西 13. in public places 在公共场所 14. turn into 变成 turn A into B 把 A 变成 B 15. solve the problems 解决问题 16. cut down 减少,砍伐（树木） cut up 切碎 22 cut off 切除，切掉，切断 17. ride a bike 骑自行车 18.the advantage(s) of ......的优点 19. be good for (反义： be bad for ） 对......有益 20. waste pollution 废品污染 too much waste 太多的废物 21. bring a bag to go shopping 带购物袋 22. wooden chopsticks 木筷子 23.plastic forks 塑料叉子 24. buy takeaway food 买外卖食 物 25. make a difference to sb./ sth. 对某人/ 某物有影响 / 起作用 26. lead to a better future 引向一个更好 的未来 lead to 通向；导致 27.take part in+ 具体的活动=join in + 具体的活动 参加 28.hear of/about 听说 hear from sb.收到某人的来信 29. in southern China 在中国南部 30. a bowl of shark fin soup 一碗鱼翅汤 31. kill a whole shark 杀一整只鲨鱼 32. each time 每次 33. not only ... but also ... 不仅......而且...... (并列作主语 时， 谓语动词采用就近原则；not only 位于句首时，它后面的主谓采用部分倒装，但 but also 后面的主谓 不倒装）34.be cruel 残忍的 35. be harmful to = be bad for 对......有害 be harmful to the environment 对环境 有害 36.throw back into 扔回 at the top of 在......顶部 37. the food chain 食物链 38. in the ocean’s ecosystem 在海洋生态系统中 39. drop too low 下降太多 40. bring danger to sb. 给某人带来危险 41. be endangered 濒 临灭绝的 42. in fact 实际上 43. in this industry 在这个行业里 44. be traded 被贸易 44. the number of+pl ...... 的数量（作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式） a number of+pl 许多（作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式）45.fall by 下降 46.in the last / past +时间段 在过去的...... （ 是现在完成时的标志） 47.environmental protection groups 环保组织 48. teach the public 教育公众 49. develop the law 形成法律 50. stop the sale of shark fins 阻 止鲨鱼鱼鳍的销售 51. so far 到目前为止 52. be in danger 处于危险中 53. scientific studies 科学研究 54.consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 55. help out 帮助解决困难 56.improve the environment 改善环境 57. ( can/ can’t /couldn’t ) afford to do sth . 能 /不能承担做某事 58. take action 采取行动 59.save electricity 节约电 60. pay for 付费 61. add up 累计/累加 62. improve the environment 改善环境 63. use public transportation 使用 公共交通运输 64. parents with children 带孩子的父母 65.stop riding in cars 停止开车 66. recycle books and paper 回收书和纸 67. turn off the shower 关掉淋浴器 68. wash one’s hair 洗头发 69. use paper napkins 用餐巾 纸 70. put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 71. have a creative mind 有一个充满创意的头脑 72. a most / very unusual woman 一个非常不寻常的妇女 the most unusual woman 最不寻常的妇女 73. build/ make sth. out of sth. 用某物修建 /制造某物 make a kite out of paper 用纸制作一只风筝 74. pull down 拆下；摧毁 75.upside down 上下颠倒，倒转 turn upside down 翻转 turned upside down 被翻转过来的 76.win a prize 获奖 77. the Help Save Our Planet Society 帮助拯救我们的星球协会 78. be an inspiration to sb. 对某人是一种激励 79.be good at = do well in擅长于 80. use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事81.open a small shop开一个小商店 82. set up a website 建立一个网站 82. plan to do 计划做某事 83. set up a small business 经营一个小生意 83.be known for+原因= be famous for+原因 因......而出名 be known as+职业= be famous as+职业 作为......而出名 84. make beautiful art pieces 制作漂亮的艺术作品 85. set up a theme park 建立一个主题公园 86.the importance of.... .......的重要性 86. bring happiness to sb.把快乐带给某人 87. bring back to life 使恢复生机/ 生命/ 使.......苏醒 【重点句子】 1. Even the bottom of the river was full of rubbish. 即使河底都充满垃圾。 2. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。 3. The air is badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days. 空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。 4. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。 5. I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 我过去能在天空中看到星星。 6. The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried. 这儿的空气真的已经被污染了，我非常担心。 7. No scientific studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。 【单元知识点】 1. cost vt.1. 花费；价格为； It must cost a good deal to live here. 住在这里一定要花很多钱的 拓展：take， spend ，cost ，pay 的用法都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同。 1） spend 的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： （1） spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。 I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 23 （2） spend time ／money （in） doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：They spent two years （in） building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 （3）spend money for sth. 花钱买…His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。 2） cost 的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”， 常见用法如下： （1）sth. costs （sb.） ＋金钱，某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台 新电脑要花一大笔钱。 （2）（doing） sth. costs （sb.） ＋时间，某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是 cost,并且不能用于被动句。 3） take 后面常跟双宾语， 常见用法有以下几种： （1） It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 （2）doing sth. takes sb. ＋时间，做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。 4） pay 的基本用法是： （1）pay（sb.）money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买……例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付 20 英磅的房租。 （2）pay for sth. 付……的钱。I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 （3）pay for sb. 替某人付钱。例：Don?蒺 t worry!I'll pay for you. 别担心，我会给你付钱的。 （4）pay sb. 付钱给某人。 例： They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。 （5）pay money back 还钱。例：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我 12 块钱吗？下周还你。 （6）pay off one's money 还清钱。 2. This method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境有害。 （1）not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且……”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其中 的 also 有时可以省略。 She not only plays well, but also writes music. 她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。 He not only writes his own plays, he also acts in them. 他不仅是自编剧本， 还饰演其中的角色。 He works not only on weekdays but on Sundays as well. 他不仅平时工作，星期日也工作。 （2）若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。 Not only you but also he has to leave. 不只是你，他也得离开。 （3）若连接两个句子，not only 后面的句子要用倒装， Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且讲得更不费劲了。 【语法归纳】 动词不定式做目的状语时的用法 To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。 To cut down air pollution 是动词不定式作目的状语。 动词不定式做目的状语时的用法 一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语 不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加 清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。I've written it down in order not to forget. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed. 在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子 的主语。比较： To draw maps properly, you need a special pen. 24 由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能 置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较： They started early in order to get there in time.（正） In order to get there in time, they started early.（正） They started early so as to get there in time.（正） Unit14《I remember meeting all of you in Grade 7.》 【短语归纳】 1. win a prize 获奖 2. do a school survey 做一个学校调查 3. meet the standard of a strict teacher 满足一位要求严格的老师的要求 4. meet this group of friends 遇到这群朋友 5. score two goals in a row 连续踢进两个球 6. learn to play the keyboard 学会弹钢琴 7. be patient with sb 对……有耐心 8. work out the answer yourself 自己找出答案 9. guide sb to do sth 指导某人做某事 10. put in more effort 更加努力 11. look back at 回首 12. pride of overcoming fear 克服恐惧感的自豪 13. make a great big mess 弄得一团糟 14. keep my cool 保持我的清高 15. try to be on time for morning reading 尽力赶上早读 16. look forward to doing sth 期望做某事 17. join the school swim team 加入学校游泳队 18. get a business degree 取得一个商业学位 19in a row 连续几次地 20.take a break from running 暂停跑步 21.no matter how difficult 无论多难 22.make some mew friends 交一些新朋友 23.prepare for 为……作准备 24.keep one’s cool 沉住气；保持冷静 25.senior high school 高中 26.get poor grades 取得很糟糕的成绩 27.have problem with sth.在某方面有困难 28.go by 流逝 29.at the end of the year 在年底 30.accept the invitation 接受邀请 31 attend the graduation ceremony 参加毕业典礼 32 be thirsty for 渴望；渴求 33.be proud of 为……而骄傲 34.the end of... ……的结尾 35.the beginning of...……的开始 36.ahead of 在……前面 37.along with difficulties 伴随着困难 38.wait for sb. 等待某人 38.make your own choices 做出自己的选择 39.be responsible for 为……负责 40.go your separate ways 分道扬镳 41.set out 启程；出发 42.separate from 与……分离 【用法荟萃】 1.remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 2.advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事 3.guide sb. to do sth.指导某人做某事 4.Shall we+动词原形...？我们……好吗？ 5.It’s time to do sth. 到了做某事的时间了 6.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 7.look forward to doing sth. 期盼做某事 8.with one’s help 在某人帮助下 9.hope to do sth. 希望做某事 10.Thank you for doing sth.因做某事而感谢你（们） 11.would like to do sth.想要做某事 12.fail to do sth. 未能做成的事 13.be thankful to sb.对某人很感激 14.need to do sth.需要做某事 15 remember to do sth 16 forget doing sth 17.forget to do sth 18 can’t help to do sth 不能帮着做某事 19. can’t help doing sth 情不自禁做某事 【重点句子】 1. What happened in Grade 7 that was special? 在七年级时发什么了什么特别的事？ Our team won the school basketball competition. 我们队赢了学校的蓝球比赛。 2. How have you changed since you started junior high school? 你上中学后有什么变化？ I've become much better at speaking English. 我在说英语上比以前更好。 3. How do you think things will be different in senior high school? 25 你认为在高中会有什么 不同？ I think that I'll have to study much harder for exams。我想我将更加为考试努力学习。 4. What are your plans for next year? 你明年的计划是什么？ I'm going to join the school volleyball team. 我将加入学校排球队。 5. What do you remember about Grade 8. 关于八年级你记得什么？ I remember being a volunteer. 我记得当一名志愿者。 6. What did you use to do that you don't do now? 你以前做而现在不做的事是什么？ I used to take dance lessons, but I don't anymore. 我以前上舞蹈课，但现在不上了。 7. What are you looking forward to? 你期望做什么？ I'm looking forward to going to senior high school. 我期望上高中。 8.As you set out on your new journey,you shouldn’t forget where you came from. 附 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表： 1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. →have been in sw./at…相应的介词 2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back 3. have come/gone out →have been out 4. have become → have been 5. have closed / opened→ have been close/open 6. have got up → have been up； 7. have died → have been dead； 8. have left sw. → have been away from sw. 9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep； 10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over； 11. have married → have been married； 12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ； 13. have begun → have been on 14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had 15. have lost → haven’t had 16. have put on →have worn 17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold； 18. have got to know → have known 19. have/has gone to → have been in 20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army →have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…