人教新目标英语年级知识详解unit

人教新目标英语年级知识详解unit

人教版新目标英语九年级unit10-12‎ Unit 10 By the time I got outside,the bus had already left.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. When I got to school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. (P76)我到学校时才发现把书包落在家了。‎ ‎(1)had left my backpack at home 这是一个过去完成时的句子，表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态。‎ By three o’clock yesterday afternoon we had finished the work.‎ 到昨天下午三点，我们已经完成了工作。‎ She had learned a lot of English before she went to school. ‎ 在上学之前，她已经学会了很多英语。‎ ‎(2)left是leave的过去式，在此处意为“遗忘”，“忘记”，后面常有地点状语。‎ Li Min left his dictionary in the reading-room yesterday. ‎ 昨天李民把词典忘在阅览室里了。‎ 特别提示 forget作“遗忘”解时，后面没有“遗忘”的地点。‎ I have forgotten the book. 我忘记拿书了。‎ ‎2. My alarm clock didn’t go off, and by the time I woke up, my father had already gone into the bathroom and I had to wait for him to come out. (P78)我的闹钟坏了，因此等我醒来的时候，我父亲已经进去洗澡了，我只好等他出来。‎ ‎(1)go off 是“（闹钟）闹响”的意思，即“发出声音”。‎ The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off. ‎ 防盗警报器一响，窃贼立刻逃走了。‎ ‎(2)by the time I woke up 中的by the time意为“到……的时候”。‎ By the time he was ten, Tom built a chemistry lab himself. ‎ 等到了十岁的时候，汤姆自己建了一个化学实验室。‎ ‎3. I started walking, but I knew I couldn’t get to school on time. (P78)我开始步行，但我知道我已经不能按时到达学校了。‎ ‎(1)start to do sth和start doing sth都表示“开始做某事”，常可相互替换。‎ At the age of 12, he started writing his own newspaper.‎ ‎= At the age of 12, he started to write his own newspaper.‎ 他十二岁时，开始编写自己的报纸。‎ ‎(2)on time在本句中意为“准时，按规定的时间不早也不迟”。‎ Li Ming’s father seldom goes work on time. 李明的父亲很少准时上班。‎ The party began on time that evening. 晚会在那天下午准时举行。‎ 知识拓展 time表示“……次/倍”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为times。‎ How many times did you see the movie? 那部电影你看了几遍？‎ I have four times as many books as you.我的书是你的4倍。‎ 特别提示 in time意为“及时”。‎ I will try my best to finish it in time. 我会尽力及时完成。‎ Will you be home in time to see the children before they go to bed? ‎ 你来得及在孩子们上床睡觉之前赶回家看看他们吗？‎ 短语链语 all the time始终、总是, at any time在任何时候, at the same time同时, by the time在……时候以前, from time to time偶尔, have a good/bad time过得快乐/不快乐, in no time立刻, in time及时, many a time屡次, at times有时, take one’s time慢慢来别着急, The Times《泰晤士报》（英国一大报）, two times three 2乘以3‎ ‎4. Luckily, my friend Tony and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride. (P78)幸运的是，我的朋友托尼和他的爸爸乘他爸爸的小车过来了，带了我一程。‎ ‎(1)luckily是个副词，意为“幸运地，有运气地”，在句中常用作状语。‎ Luckily, he didn’t hurt himself when he fell. 算他运气好，跌倒了没有受伤。‎ Luckily, she was in when I called. 真走运，我打电话时她正好在。‎ ‎(2)give sb a ride意为“让人搭便车”，其中ride是名词。‎ Please give me a ride to my school, I’m going to be late.‎ 请把我带到学校去，我要迟到了。‎ If you go to station, I can give you a ride. 如果你去车站，我可以带你一程。‎ ‎5. When I got to school, the final bell was ringing. I only just made it to my class. (P78)我到学校的时候，上课铃正在响。我刚好正点赶到教室上课。‎ ‎(1) final bell在此处作“上课铃”解，有时也写为second bell，而“预备铃”则表示为first bell。‎ ‎(2) made it在这里表示“到达、赶上”的意思。‎ You can make it if you hurry. 如果你快一点的话，就会按时赶到的。‎ ‎6. Have you ever forgotten to bring your homework to school? (P78)你是否曾经忘记将作业带到学校了呢？‎ ‎(1)ever在这里是“曾经”的意思,常用于现在完成时里，询问对方是否有过某种经历。 ‎ Have you ever been to London? 你曾经去过伦敦吗？‎ 知识拓展 ‎◎ever用于一般疑问句、否定句以及表示条件或比较的从句中，意为“在（以往）任何时候”，“从来”，“在某时”等。‎ Nowadays he hardly ever comes. 最近他几乎不来了。‎ None of us will ever forget that exciting scene. ‎ 我们大家永远都不会忘记那个令人激动的场面。‎ ‎◎ever用于特殊疑问句中，意为“究竟、到底”。‎ Which ever do you want? 你究竟要哪一个？‎ When ever did you lose it? 你究竟什么时候丢失这个东西的？‎ ‎◎ever用于含有最高级的从句中，可用来加强语气。‎ Li Siguang is the greatest scientist that ever lived.李四光是古今最伟大的科学家。‎ 短语链语 ‎◎ever after“从那以后”‎ They lived happily ever after. 从那以后他们幸福地生活着。‎ ‎◎ever since“从……以来”‎ I’ve known him ever since he was a boy. 我从小就认识他。‎ ‎◎ever so“非常”‎ Li Xiang is ever so strong. 李翔非常强壮。‎ ‎◎for ever“永远”‎ We love our motherland for ever. 我们永远爱我们的祖国。‎ ‎(2)forgotten to bring是“忘记带来”的意思，构成forget to do sth 句型，表示“忘记将要做某事”（事情还没有做）。‎ Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave the room.‎ 离开房间时不要忘记关灯。‎ 特别提示 forget doing sth 表示“忘记做过某事”（事情做过,但忘了）。‎ I forgot returning the book to the library.我忘记曾把这本书还给图书馆了。‎ ‎7. In 1938, a radio program by actor Orson Welles announced that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth. (P80)1938年，由Orson Welles主持的电台节目宣布来自火星的外星人在地球上登陆了。‎ ‎(1)announce 意思是“宣布”，常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。‎ The new government announced its policy at once.新政府立即宣布了它的政策。‎ The headmaster announced the result of the exam. 校长宣布考试成绩。‎ 知识拓展 announcer，名词，“宣布者”，“播音员”；announcement名词，“宣告”，“通告”，“预告”。‎ ‎(2)aliens是“外侨”的意思，在这里指的是“来自另一世界的生物”，与from Mars搭配，表示“来自火星的外星人”。‎ ‎(3)on the earth意为“在地球上”，而in the earth却是“在地里”，“在地下”的意思。‎ We live on the earth. 我们生活在地球上。‎ In the winter some animals hide in the earth. 冬天有些动物藏在地下。‎ 特别提示 on earth表示“究竟”，“到底”，常用在who, what, where, when, why等特殊疑问词后，以加强疑问的语气;也可以用在否定词之后，以加强否定的语气。‎ How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的？‎ Nothing on earth could make him change his mind.无论什么都不能使他改变注意。‎ ‎◎on earth还可意为“在世界上”，“世间”，有时用于最高级之后，以加强其含义。‎ You are the happiest man on earth. 你是世界上最幸福的人。‎ ‎8. Welles was so convincing that hundreds of people believed the story, and panic set off across the whole country. (P80)Welles的话是如此具有说服力，以至于成百上千人相信了他的话，全国处于一片恐慌之中。‎ ‎(1)so...that在这里引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，that后面接从句，常见的句型有：‎ ‎◎主语+系动词（be, become等）+so+形容词+that从句。‎ The computer is so useful that each of us wants to buy one.‎ 计算机太有用了，我们每个人都想买一台。‎ ‎◎主语+行为动词+so+副词+that从句。‎ He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，我们追不上他。‎ ‎◎so...that后面也可以跟so many/few加复数可数名词或so much/little加不可数名词。‎ He had so many falls that he could ride a bike at last. ‎ 他摔了很多跤，终于学会了骑车。‎ There’s so much noise in the meeting room that I can’t hear the speaker clearly.‎ 会议室里的噪音太大，我听不清演讲者的发言。‎ 知识拓展 so...that句型转换的四种方法 ‎◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too...to...转换。‎ The little girl was so tired that she couldn’t walk farther.‎ ‎=The little girl was too tired to walk farther.‎ 这个小女孩太累了，她不能再走路了。‎ ‎◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致，且that从句是否定式时，常用too...for sb to do sth转换。‎ The work is so difficult that we can’t finish it in time.‎ ‎=The work is too difficult for us to finish it in time.‎ 这份工作太难了，我们不能按时完成。‎ ‎◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语一致，且that从句是肯定式时，常用...enough to do sth转换。‎ He is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.‎ ‎=He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.他强壮得足以举起那个重箱子。‎ ‎◎当从句的主语与主句中的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定式时，常用...enough for sb to do sth转换。‎ He spoke so clearly that I could hear him.‎ ‎=He spoke clearly enough for me to hear him.他说得很清楚，我能听明白。‎ 特别提示 so that连在一起使用，意为“为了，以便”，表示目的，此时主句和从句的主语不一定一致；另外，还可以引导结果状语从句，前面一般用逗号。‎ Speak louder so that we can hear you. 说大声点儿，以便我们听得见。‎ She was ill, so that she was unable to go with you. 她病了，不能和你一起去了。‎ ‎(2)convincing 是由动词convince加后缀-ing构成的形容词，意为“令人信服的、有说服力的”，主语通常由表示物体的词来担任。‎ His speech was very convincing. 他的演讲非常有说服力。‎ ‎◎convince是及物动词，表示“使……信服”，“使……确信”。‎ You have convinced me that I should go.你已经说服了我，我应该去。‎ 短语链语 convince sb of sth“使某人相信某事”‎ 特别提示 convinced作形容词时，表示“坚定不移的、有坚定信仰的”，在句中用作定语，其主语是人。‎ Mr Smith is a convinced Christian. 史密斯先生是一个虔诚的基督徒。‎ ‎（3）短语动词set off在本句中是“引起、激起”的意思。‎ A letter from home set off an attack of homesickness. ‎ 一封家信激起了一片思乡之情。‎ 特别提示 set off在作“出发、动身”解时,与set out意思相同。‎ It was raining when we set off/out. 我们出发时,天还下着雨。‎ ‎9. One April Fool’s day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no more spaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. (P80)一个愚人节，有位英国记者宣称以后不会再有意大利式细面条可以吃了，因为意大利的农民已经停止种植生产细面条的植物了。‎ ‎(1)there would be是there be的过去将来时，也可表示为“there was going to be”或“there were ‎ going to be”，意为“过去将有”。‎ 知识拓展 过去将来时由“助动词would/should+动词原形”构成，表示从过去某个时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常运用于宾语从句中。‎ The students didn’t know where they would go tomorrow.‎ 同学们不知道明天要去哪儿。‎ Nobody knew where he would go. 没人知道他要去哪里。‎ ‎◎过去将来时也常可用“助动词was/were+going to+动词原形”表示。‎ She said that she was going to speak at the meeting.她说她要在大会上发言。‎ Li Ping said that she was going to visit her aunt in the town the next Sunday.‎ 李萍说她下个星期日要去拜访住在城里的婶婶。‎ 特别提示 表示位置移动的动词如come, leave, fly, go, arrive等，常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的动作。‎ He didn’t say when he was coming here. 他没有说什么时候要来这里。‎ She told me that she was leaving for Shanghai next week.‎ 她告诉我说她下周要动身去上海。‎ ‎ （2）本句中的farmer意为“农夫、农场主、经营农业者”，主要指经营农场的人，主要用于英国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、美国等，因为这些国家的农业以农场经营为主。‎ Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗？‎ 特别提示 peasant意为“农民”，常指非英语国家的雇农、佃农或自耕农。在我们国家，目前将“农民”都译为peasant。‎ What’s the old peasant saying to them? 那位老农在对他们说什么？‎ ‎10. By the time people realized that the story was a hoax, all of the spaghetti across the country had been bought. (P80)当人们意识到这是一个骗局的时候，全国的意大利面条都已被买完了。‎ have been bought是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成为：has／have been+过去分词。‎ Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.‎ 人造卫星已被许多国家发射到太空。‎ 特别提示 现在完成时被动语态结构中有两个过去分词，其中has／have为助动词，因此其各种句型转换均应借助于has／have来完成。构成否定句时直接在 has／have后面加not，构成一般疑问句时将has／have提前。‎ Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗？ ‎ His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。 ‎ ‎11. A famous TV star once invited his girlfriend onto his show on April Fool’s Day. (P80)从前，有位著名的电视明星在愚人节那天邀请他的女友参加他的演出。‎ 本句中的show用作名词，表示“演出”，“展览”。‎ The show begins at eight o’clock. 演出8点钟开始。‎ There is going to be an art show next week. 下周有一个美术展览。‎ 知识拓展 show作动词时，表示“给……看”，“出示……”。‎ He showed his ticket at the door.他在门口出示了门票。‎ 短语链语 on show表示“展览、陈列”，相当于on display。‎ ‎12. She was thrilled, because she really wanted to get married. (P80)她很激动，因为她真的想结婚。‎ ‎(1)thrilled是形容词，意为“非常激动的、非常兴奋的”，常用来说明一个人的心情。‎ He was thrilled when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时很激动。‎ She was thrilled and shy when she heard “I love you” from her boy friend. ‎ 当她听到她男朋友说“我爱你”的时候，她很激动也很害羞。‎ ‎(2)get married是固定短语，意为“结婚”，表示动作；而be married表示状态，意为“结婚了”，这两个短语都可以和介词to连用。‎ She’s married to my brother. 她嫁给了我哥哥。‎ They’re saving up to get married. 他们储蓄准备结婚。‎ 魔力纠错 他和我的一个朋友结了婚。‎ 误：He was married with a friend of mine. ‎ 正：He was married to a friend of mine.‎ 魔力解析 当表示“与……结婚”时，marry用作及物动词，其后接介词to，而不能用with。‎ 特别提示 marry是短暂性动词，当表示“结婚多长时间”时，要用be married。‎ Lucy married Robert two years ago. ‎ ‎= Lucy has been married to Robert for two years. ‎ ‎=It is two years since Lucy married Robert.‎ ‎=Two years have passed since Lucy married Robert. 露茜和罗伯特结婚两年了。‎ 知识拓展 ‎◎问某人“婚否”时应说Are you married?或Is he married？等；如果“未婚”，可以说I’m single.。‎ ‎◎问某人“何时结的婚”应说When were you married?或When did you get married?。‎ Unit 11 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?（P86） 请问洗手间在哪里？‎ 本句是问路或问处所的常用语，通常应先说excuse me，以引起对方注意，也表示尊重对方。‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me where Xianfeng Middle School is?‎ 打扰了。请问先锋中学在哪儿？‎ 知识拓展 问路的表示法 英语中表达问路或处所的句式有不少，下面介绍几种常用的问路的方法。‎ 试译：打扰了。请问去书店怎么走？‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me the way to the bookshop?‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me how I can get to the bookshop?‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me how to get to the bookshop?‎ Excuse me. Could you tell me where the bookshop is?‎ Excuse me. Which is the way to the bookshop, please?‎ Excuse me. Where’s the bookshop, please?‎ Excuse me. How can I get to the bookshop, please?‎ ‎2. ...because my friends hang out there. (P88)……因为我的朋友都在那儿闲逛。‎ hang out常用于美语口语中，意为“闲逛”。还可以表示“常去某处”的意思。‎ Where do you hang out these days?这些日子你们都在什么地方闲逛来着？‎ 知识拓展 动词hang是“悬挂”，“吊”，“吊死”等意思。可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。‎ He remained hanging in mid-air, saved by the belt.‎ 他吊在半空中，安全带救了他。‎ A full moon hung in the sky on Mid-autumn Day.‎ 中秋那天，一轮圆月挂在天空。‎ The last Ming emperor hanged himself from this tree.‎ 明朝最后一个皇帝就是在这棵树上吊死的。‎ 特别提示 同学们可能已经注意到，以上句子中的动词过去式用的不同。hang表示“悬挂”，“吊”的意思时，是不规则动词，过去式和过去分词形式是hung，而意为“吊死”时，是规则动词。魔力纠错 ‎① 同学们把一幅世界地图挂在左边墙上。‎ 误：The students hanged a map of the world on the wall to the left.‎ 正：The students hung a map of the world on the wall to the left.‎ ‎② 总有一天恐怖分子将被人民处以绞刑。‎ 误：The terrorists will be hung by the people some day.‎ 正：The terrorists will be hanged by the people some day.‎ ‎3. There’s always something happening.(P88)总是有事情发生。‎ 本句是there be句型的一个固定结构，即there be+sb/sth+doing sth，意为“有……在做……”。‎ My friend said there was a truck collecting rubbish outside.‎ 我的朋友说外面有一辆卡车正在收集垃圾。‎ There is a Mr Wang waiting to see you outside your office.‎ 有一个姓王的人在门外等着要见你。‎ 知识拓展 ‎◎ there be+sb/sth+to do sth，表示“主语将做某事”。‎ There will be some Australian students to come to our class.‎ 有几个澳大利亚的学生要到我们班里来。‎ ‎◎ there be也可不表示“存在”意义，常以否定句的形式出现时，用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定，其句型是there is+no+doing sth。‎ There is no saying what may happen. 很难说会发生什么事。‎ There is no telling when he will return. 说不清他何时回来。‎ There is no knowing when we shall meet again. 不知何时我们能再相会。‎ ‎4. I also like to look at books in the bookstore. (P88)我也喜欢在书店里看书。‎ 汉语的“看书”既可表示“阅读”的意思，也可表示“翻看一下”，“随便看看”。英语的表达在词语上就有所不同了。请“看”区别。‎ He looks at that book, takes it down and reads it carefully. ‎ 他看了看那本书，然后拿下来，认真地读了起来。‎ looks at that book与read it(the book)在内容上是完全不同的。look at that book 仅指“看书”，用来表示“看了看”，不是以阅读为目的；而read it(the book)则是“读了读”书中的内容。‎ ‎5. Go past the park, and turn left onto Oak Street. (P88)走过公园，然后向左拐到橡树街。‎ go past the park...是一种指路方式，go past表示“走过”的意思，past是介词，意为“途经”，“经过”。‎ When she went past the parking, Mary saw a man standing at a new car. ‎ 当玛丽走过停车场时，看见一个人站在一辆新车旁。‎ ‎【友情链接】常见的指路表达式有：‎ Walk along/down this road, and take the first crossing on the right.‎ 沿着这条路向前走，在第一个十字路口向右拐。‎ Go along this street, and turn right.顺着这条路向前走，然后向右拐。‎ Walk on and turn left, and you will see the tall building on the right.‎ 继续向前走，然后左拐，在右边你就会看见那栋高楼了。‎ Go along/down this street to the traffic lights, and turn left.‎ 沿着这条路向前走，一直到交通灯处，然后向左拐。‎ ‎6. ...and eat at Uncle Bob’s. (P90)……在鲍伯叔叔的小店吃饭。‎ 当名词表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格所修饰的名词常常省去。‎ Uncle Bob’s是名词“‘s”所有格的一种特殊用法。在表示店铺，餐馆，某种职业，某人的家等名词的所有格后面的名词，常可以省略。如at the doctor’s=at the doctor’s clinic“在大夫的诊所”； at Mr Green’s=at Mr Green’s home“在格林先生家里”。‎ 特别提示 在表示店铺、场所及姓氏的名词前，要用定冠词the，在表示称呼语的名词前，要加物主代词。‎ ‎7. They have organized games and the staff dressed up as clowns. (P90)他们组织游戏活动，工作人员打扮成小丑的模样。‎ ‎◎dress作为及物动词，指穿衣服的动作，后面不用表示衣服的名词作宾语，但可用指人的名词或代词作宾语，表示给某人穿衣服。‎ She dressed her children quickly.她很快给孩子们穿上衣服。‎ ‎◎dress的过去分词dressed与get连用表示“穿上衣服”。‎ Let’s get dressed and leave at once.咱们穿好衣服马上出发。‎ ‎◎dress up是“化装”，“穿上盛装”，“打扮”的意思。‎ They all dressed up as PLA men.他们都打扮成解放军的模样。‎ She likes to dress up for a party.她喜欢把自己打扮得漂漂亮亮去参加晚会。‎ ‎8. make a telephone call(P86)打个电话 Mr Tan makes the best noodles in town. (P91)谭先生是镇上面条做得最好的。‎ make是英语中非常活跃的一个单词。‎ ‎◎ 用于打电话。第一句中的make后接表示电话的词语，是“打电话”的意思。make a telephone call相当于动词call, ring, phone, telephone等。‎ 试译：我给格林先生打个电话。‎ ‎① I call/ring/phone/telephone Mr Green.‎ ‎② I call/ring/phone Mr Green up.‎ ‎③ I give Mr Green a ring/call.‎ ‎④ I make a telephone call to Mr Green.‎ ‎◎ 表示“做”，“制作”。第二句中的make表示“（用材料或零件）做，制作，制造，建造或创造某物”，其所制造的产品通常是由一个或几个部分组成的。‎ Mother made a big cake for Michael on his birthday.‎ 妈妈为迈克尔生日做了一个大蛋糕。‎ The workers are making cars in the factory. 工人们在工厂里生产汽车。‎ He is good at making toy cars. 他擅长做儿童玩具。‎ ‎【友情链接】make还有一个重要用法，表示“使”的意思，在历年的中考中都有它的考点。这一用法主要掌握两点：（1）在主动语态中，后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去to；（2）在被动语态中后接不定式作主语补足语时，一定要加上to。‎ The boss made his employees work two more hours.‎ 老板使他的雇员又工作了两个小时。‎ Maria was made to leave the company.玛丽亚被迫离开了公司。‎ ‎9. ...“Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me.”(P92)……“打扰了，我不知道您是否能帮帮我”。‎ 动词wonder在不同的句子结构中表达的意思不同：‎ ‎(1)后接“who, what, why等疑问词引导的宾语从句”，“疑问词+不定式”时，表示“想知道”。‎ The teacher wondered why she was late.老师想知道她为什么迟到。‎ He wondered what happened.他想知道发生了什么事情。‎ I’m just wondering how to do it.我正想知道怎么做那件事。‎ ‎(2）后接“that引导的宾语从句”，“不定式短语”时，表示“感到惊奇，对……感到惊讶”。‎ I wonder that he was off office.我对他下岗感到惊讶。‎ I wonder to see her looking so cheerful. 我很惊讶地发现她如此高兴。‎ ‎(3)后接if或whether引导的宾语从句时，表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。‎ I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand.‎ 我不知道你是否能帮我一下。‎ She wondered whether you were free that morning.‎ 她不知道那天上午你是否有空。‎ Unit 12 You’re supposed to shak hands.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. You’re supposed to shake hands.(P94)你们应该握手。‎ be supposed to用来表示根据规定或按照法律人们不得不做的事，或期待将要发生的事，与should相似，后面也是接动词原形。否定形式在be动词后加not，常表示禁止做某事。‎ We’re supposed to make no noise in class. 在课堂上我们不该发出噪音。‎ We’re supposed to start work at 8∶00 every morning.‎ 我们应该每天早晨八点开始工作。‎ ‎2. Spending time with family and friends is very important to us. (P96)与家人和朋友共度时光对我们非常重要。‎ Spending time with family and friends 是动名词短语，在本句中作主语。动名词（短语）作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如果是并列的动名词（短语）作主句时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ Reading in bed is not good for your eyes. 在床上看书对眼睛不好。‎ Reading and writing take me a lot of time. 读书写作花了我不少时间。‎ 不定式（短语）也可作主语，两者的区别在“语法天地”中有详解。‎ ‎3. We’re the land of watches, after all! (P96)毕竟我们是手表的国度。‎ 句中的land意为“国土”，“国家”。它还可以表示 “陆地”，与河流和海洋相对；也可以表示“土地”，可耕种的田地就叫做land。‎ We traveled by land until we reached the sea.我们沿陆路旅行，直到看见大海。‎ All the waste land in this area has been opened up.这个地区的荒地全被开垦了。‎ 知识拓展 与“土地”，“地”相关的词语还有earth, soil和ground。‎ ‎◎ earth意为“地”，“地球”，“泥土”。它着重指“大地”，区别于“天空”。‎ The earth moves round the sun.地球围绕太阳转。‎ ‎◎ soil意为“土地”，“土壤”，尤指生长植物的土地。‎ The soil is very thin in the forest.森林里土层非常薄。‎ ‎◎ ground意为“地”，“地面”，主要指大地表面。不论是泥地，沙地或水泥地，均可用这个词表示；也可以用来指运动场地。‎ The ground is covered with leaves in the woods.树林里的地面上落满了树叶。‎ ‎4. You’re not supposed to make noise while eating noodles. (P97)吃面条的时候你不应该弄出响声来。‎ 句中的while eating noodles是while接从句的省略形式，该句完整形式是while you are eating noodles。由while和when引导的时间状语从句，如果主语和主句的主语相同，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。‎ While/When (she was)leaving the house, she was heard to make some commonplace remark to her husband.有人听到她在离开房间时同他的丈夫寒暄。‎ ‎5. It’s rude to point at anyone with your chopsticks. (P97)用筷子指着别人是无礼的。‎ 本句是主系表结构，不定式短语是真正的主语，it是形式主语。句中point意为“指”，“指向”，常构成短语point at, point to和point out。‎ ‎◎point to和point at都含有“指着”的意思，两者一般可以互换。‎ The teacher is pointing at/to the map on the wall.老师指着墙上的地图。‎ ‎◎但主语是事物时，一般用point to作谓语。point at可以分开使用，即point后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，再跟介词at表示方向，意为“把……指向”，而point to却不能分开使用。‎ The soldier pointed his gun at the doctor.士兵用枪指着医生。‎ ‎◎point out意为“指出”，其中out是副词。如果它后面的宾语是代词，则必须把该宾语放在out之前。‎ Please point out the mistakes in my composition.请指出我作文中的错误。‎ Luckily， the man knew Mr Green and pointed him out to us.‎ 幸好这个人认识格林先生，于是便把他指给我们看。‎ ‎6. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me like it used to. (P98)虽然我还是出了不少错，但它（法语）不像以前那样让我烦恼。‎ ‎（1）mistake意为“错误”，“过失”，可数名词，常指由于认识，理解或判断上的失误造成行为或看法上的错误，也指因粗心，疏忽，技术不熟练等而犯的错误。通常与make连用构成make mistakes/a mistake“出错”，“犯错误”。‎ Anyone can make a mistake. 人人都会犯错误。‎ He only made two mistakes in grammar today. 他今天只犯了两个语法错误。‎ ‎（2）bother 意思是“烦扰，打扰”，常用作及物动词。‎ Hot weather bothers me. 炎热的天气使我烦恼。‎ ‎7. I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things, and don’‎ t find them so strange any more. (P98)我发现将这一切全记住很难，但慢慢就对这些东西习惯了，也就不再觉得它们很怪异了。‎ ‎（1）find it difficult to remember everything中的it是形式宾语，动词不定式短语是真正的宾语，形容词difficult是宾补。‎ I found it hard to do the work all by myself.我发现独自一人干这活很难。‎ I think it useful to read English in the morning. 我认为早晨读英语很有用。‎ ‎（2）be used to sth/doing(sth)是中学英语学习中的重点、难点，也是中考考点。常与used to do sth和be used to do sth一起进行考查。‎ ‎◎be used to是“习惯于”的意思，可用于各种时态。其中to是介词，后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。‎ She isn’t used to living in the country.她不习惯住在乡下。‎ We’ve been used to hard work.我们已经习惯干累活了。‎ ‎◎强调界限性的状态，说明从不习惯到习惯时，常在used前面用get或become代替be。这种现象尤其常见于将来时态和完成时态中。‎ You will soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会习惯这里的天气的。‎ ‎◎有时be used to do是动词use的被动语态形式，意为“被用来……”。在这种结构里，to是动词不定式符号。‎ Man-made satellites are used to send and receive TV programs.‎ 人造卫星用来发射和接收电视节目。‎ Steel may be used to make machines.钢可以用来制造机器。‎ ‎8. Questions crowded my mind. (P99)我的脑海涌现出一些疑问。‎ crowd表示“大量涌入”，在此句中的crowd是比喻用法， 含义是“涌入”。‎ Disturbing thoughts crowded into my mind. 我心乱如麻。‎ Tourists crowded the beach. 游客挤满了海滩。‎ ‎9. ...your teachers will not be pleased if you write e-mail English in a test!(P101)……如果你在测试中用电子邮件英语老师会不高兴的。‎ please“使高兴”，相关词语有pleased, pleasure与pleasant。‎ Does the cloth please you?这布料合你的意吗？‎ The Emperor was pleased by what the Minister told him about the cloth.‎ 听了大臣关于布料的禀报，皇帝非常高兴。‎ ‎【友情链接】这四个词都有“满意”，“高兴”的意思，但词性和用法不相同。‎ ‎◎ please是动词，可用作及物动词或不及物动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。‎ ‎◎ pleased是过去分词，意为“感到高兴（满意）”，其作用相当于形容词，常与be连用，后接介词at, with, by等引起的短语，还可接动词不定式或that从句。‎ ‎◎ pleasure是名词，表示“高兴”，“快乐”，“娱乐”时，为不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时，为可数名词。如：It is one of my greatest pleasures.它是我最大的乐趣之一。‎ ‎◎pleasant是形容词，意为“使人感到愉快（满意）”，一般用作定语。如主语指物，也可用作表语。‎ ‎ 10. seat与 sit“坐”不同 ‎◎ seat通常用作及物动词，与反身代词连用，或用be seated这一形式（这种用法不如sit普通），seat还可作“能坐……人”解，主语往往是地方。‎ Be seated, everybody!大家请坐吧。‎ That cinema can seat 2,000 people.那家电影院能坐两千人。‎ ‎◎ sit通常作不及物动词，不需要宾语。‎ In the bus we sat together.在公共汽车里我们坐在一起。人教版新目标英语9年级unit7-9‎ Unit 7 Where would you like to visit?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. Where would you like to go on vacation, Sam? (P52)山姆，你想去哪儿度假呀？‎ ‎(1)go on是不及物动词词组，意为“继续”，其后不能跟名词或代词作宾语。‎ The teacher asked him to stop talking, but he still went on.‎ 老师叫他别讲，可他还是讲个不停 ‎◎go on后面可以接动词不定式或动词-ing形式，但它们的意义不同。‎ Let’s go on discussing the question. 咱们继续谈论这个问题吧。‎ Let’s go on to discuss the question. 咱们接着谈论另外一个问题吧。‎ 短语链语 go on with表示“继续”，后面可直接跟名词或代词作宾语。‎ Then Miss Gao went back to her desk and went on with the lesson.‎ 然后高老师回到讲桌后边，继续上课。‎ ‎◎go on with可与go on doing sth 互换。‎ Go on with your work(=Go on doing your work).继续做你的工作去吧。‎ 特别提示 holiday还可以用来表示“节日”，“纪念日”。‎ Everyone was in his holiday clothes. 人人都穿上了节日的盛装。‎ ‎2. v-ing型形容词和v-ed型形容词 本单元出现了大量v-ing型形容词，那么大家对它的用法熟悉吗？在英语中，某些动词的后面加上-ing或-ed，可以变成形容词。‎ v-ing型形容词具有主动或进行的含义，是人或物本身所具有的品质。常见的词有：‎ surprise—surprising 令人惊奇的 excite—exciting令人兴奋的 bore—boring 令人讨厌的 interest—interesting 有趣的 develop—developing 发展中的 move—moving 感人的 inspire—inspiring 鼓舞人心的 v-ed型形容词具有被动或已完成的含义，是由于受到某种影响而产生的结果。常见的词有：‎ surprise—surprised感到惊奇的 bore—bored 感到厌恶的 excite—excited 感到兴奋的 interest—interested感兴趣的 develop—developed 发达的 move—moved 受感动的 inspire—inspired受到鼓舞的 please—pleased 高兴的 ‎3. For your next vacation, why not consider visiting Paris? (P54)下一次假期为什么不考虑去巴黎呢？‎ ‎(1)Why not+动词原形相当于Why don’t you+动词原形，表示“为什么不……”，常用来向别人提建议。‎ Why not study hard? 为什么不努力学习？‎ Why don’t you ask the policeman for help? 怎么不向那个警察寻求帮助呢？‎ ‎(2)consider 表示“考虑，细想”，相当于think about，后面接动词时，应用动词的-ing形式。‎ I first considered writing to him, but then decided to see him. ‎ 我开始想写信给他，但后来决定去见他。‎ ‎4. Paris is the capital of France, and is one of the liveliest cities in Europe. (P54)巴黎是法国的首都，是欧洲最活跃的城市之一。‎ lively是形容词，意为“活泼的，活跃的，有生气的”，在句中作定语或表语，用来修饰人或物。‎ She is a lively girl. 她是个活泼的女孩。‎ The sports ground is lively with all sorts of ball games.‎ 运动场上要进行各种球类比赛，呈现出一派生气勃勃的景象。‎ 特别提示 ‎◎alive作形容词，意为“活着的，在世的”，常作表语，但有时也作后置定语或补语。‎ He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly. ‎ 他一定还活着，因为他还在轻微呼吸。‎ He is the only person alive in the accident. 他是这次事故中惟一活下来的人。‎ An enemy officer was caught alive. 一名敌人军官被活捉了。‎ ‎◎living是形容词，意为“活着的”，常位于名词之前或之后作定语；作表语时与alive意思相同。‎ We now know there are no living things on the moon. ‎ 我们现在知道月球上没有生物。‎ Is his grandfather still living/alive? 他的祖父还活着吗？‎ ‎◎live读作/laiv/时，也作形容词，意为“活着的”，常放在名词之前作定语，它一般不用来修饰人；live读/liv/时，是动词，意为“生活，生存”。‎ The cat was playing with a live mouse. 这只猫在玩弄一只活老鼠。‎ Pandas usually live in the south and the southeast of China.‎ 熊猫通常生活在中国的南部和东南部。‎ ‎5. It doesn’t have any beaches or mountains, but there are still many things to do there. (P54)它没有沙滩和山脉，但是在那儿仍然有很多的事情可做。‎ 在本句中连词or连接两个被否定的并列成分。‎ The world’s favorite food isn’t English, Italian, Indian or Japanese, but it’s American fast food. 世界上最受欢迎的食品不是英国食品、意大利食品、印度食品和日本食品，而是美国快餐。‎ 魔力纠错 他没有弟弟, 也没有妹妹。‎ 误：He has no brothers and sisters.‎ 正：He has no brothers or sisters.‎ 魔力解析 在否定句，or是“也不”的意思，而and表示的却是肯定的意义。因此，上句还可以写为He has no brothers and no sisters。‎ 知识拓展 连词or在“祈使句+or+简单句”句型中, 表示“否则，不然”，引出一个相反的结果，本句型可以转换为含否定的if从句。‎ Get up early, or you’ll be late for school.‎ ‎→If you don’t get up early, you’ll be late for school.早点起，否则你就会迟到。‎ 短语链语 ‎◎either...or表示“不是……，就是……”；“或者……，或者……”。‎ Either you or I am right. 不是你对就是我对。‎ ‎◎sooner or later意为“迟早”。‎ Don’t worry. Sooner or later, we can speak English well.‎ 别担心，迟早我们能说好英语。‎ ‎6. ...including the Eiffel Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral, one of the most famous churches in the world. (P54)……包括埃菲尔铁塔和巴黎圣母院，世界上最著名的教堂之一。‎ ‎(1)本句中的include意为“包括”，“连……在内”，指包括或容纳某东西成为整体的一部分，侧重于对比整体与部分。‎ The money I gave you includes Xiao Wang’s. 我给你的钱里包括了小王的。‎ The coins included examples of almost all the types of Chinese coin. ‎ 这些硬币包括了几乎所有的中国硬币的品种。‎ 特别提示 contain意为“含有，包含，里面装有”，指某物容纳比其更小的东西，侧重所含的量与成分。‎ The basket contains a variety of fruits. 这个篮子里装有各种水果。‎ These foods should contain some fat, some fiber, a little salt and so on. ‎ 这些食物应该含有一些脂肪、纤维，还应该有一点盐等等。‎ ‎(2)本句中的famous 是形容词，常用于be famous as或be famous for结构中，意为“因……而闻名”。‎ ‎◎当主语是表示人的名词时，be famous as表示“以某种身份而出名”，be famous for表示“以某种知识、技能或作品而出名”。‎ Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 爱因斯坦以一位伟大的科学家而著名。‎ Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 爱因斯坦以他的相对论而著名。‎ ‎7. Isn’t it supposed to be very hot? (P54)难道天气不应该是很热的吗？‎ ‎(1)这是一个否定形式的一般疑问句，用来表示说话人提出自己的建议或看法，并希望得到对方肯定的答复。有时它也表示惊讶、不相信、挖苦、批评等意义，其构成是：Isn’t(Aren’t, Don’t, Won’t, Can’t, Couldn’t, Didn’t, Haven’t, Hasn’t等)+主语？‎ Isn’t he a League member? 难道他不是团员吗？‎ Haven’t you known him yet? I saw you having dinner with him just now.‎ 你难道还不认识他吗？刚才我还见你和他一起吃饭了呢。‎ ‎(2)be supposed to 的意思与should近似，意为“被期望或被要求做某事”。‎ Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or the single one? ‎ 我是应该打扫所有房间还是这个单间？‎ You’re supposed to start work at 8∶30 every morning. ‎ 你应该每天早晨八点半开始工作。‎ ‎8. My family and I want to take a trip this summer somewhere in the east of China. (P56)今年夏天，我和家人想到中国东部的某个地方去旅行。‎ ‎(1)名词trip指短距离的旅行，常含有回到原出发地之意。有时在口语中也指远程旅行，这时可与journey替换。‎ Have a good trip. 一路顺风。‎ During the four-hour trip, he wandered from car to car.‎ 在四小时的旅途中，他在各个车厢之间逛来逛去。‎ ‎9. I hope you can provide me with some information about the kinds of vacations that your firm can offer. (P56)我希望你能给我提供一些贵公司能提供的各种假期旅游的信息。‎ ‎(1)provide 作动词，表示“供应，供给;预先约定”，可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。 ‎ The farm provided them all the food they needed.‎ 农场提供他们所需要的全部食物。‎ ‎(2)firm表示“公司，商号，商行”等意思，常指商行，不用于商号名称。‎ He is thinking of starting another firm in Paris. ‎ 他正在考虑在巴黎另开一家公司。‎ 特别提示 offer可作名词，意为“提供，提议，提出”，后面接名词或动词不定式作宾语。‎ He offered me a glass of wine. 他给了我一杯酒。‎ The driver offered to drive us to the station. ‎ 那位司机主动提出送我们去火车站。‎ ‎10. It would be nice if our hotel had rooms with kitchens so we could save money by cooking our own meals. (P56)如果我们住的宾馆房间带有厨房那就太好了，那样的话我们可以自己做饭，也就节省钱了。‎ ‎(1)with kitchens是介词短语，在句中作定语修饰rooms。with在这里意为“具有，带有”，由其连接的介词短语在句中作定语修饰名词，常用以说明人或物的特征；作状语时，表示一个伴随状态。‎ Mrs Smith is a woman with big eyes and long hair.‎ 史密斯太太是一位大眼睛、长头发的妇女。‎ ‎（2）动词save 在本句中是“节省”的意思。‎ If you want to save time, you’d better make a list before you go shopping.‎ 如果你想节省时间，去买东西之前，先列一张购物清单。‎ 知识拓展 save还有“拯救”，“抢救”，“搭救”；“储存”，“保存”等多种意思。‎ A lot of land has been saved by the Great Green Wall.‎ 绿色长城拯救了许多土地。‎ My father saved a lot of money in the bank. ‎ 我父亲在银行里存了许多钱。‎ ‎11. We all dream about things that we would like to do, and things we hope to achieve in the future. (P58) 我们都梦想着自己想要做的事情，以及我们希望将来要实现的事情。‎ 本句中的in the future意为“将来，未来”，即in the time yet to come。‎ Who can tell what will happen in the future? ‎ 谁能知道将来会发生什么？‎ In the future, shopping can be done by videophone. ‎ 在将来，购买东西能在可视电话中进行。‎ 特别提示 in future意为“今后”，相当于from now on。‎ In future, be more careful with your spelling. ‎ 今后你要更加注意你的拼写。‎ I advise you not to eat fruit that isn’t ripe in future.‎ 我劝你今后不要吃不熟的水果。‎ ‎12. According to the survey, less realistic dreams are also common... (P58)根据调查得知，不现实的梦想也很普遍……。‎ 本句中的common意为“普通的”，“常见的”，“不足为奇的”，有时常发生，对每个人、每个地方都普遍的意思。‎ Snow is common in cold countries. 在寒冷的国家，下雪是常见的事情。‎ 特别提示 usual意为“平常的”，“通常的”，指在某一地方、某一时间或某一人身上所常见的，往往指常用的东西或常发生的事情。‎ We followed the usual method of test.我们采用了通常的测试方法。‎ Unit 8 I’llhelp clean up the city parks.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. I’d like to help homeless people. (P60)我想帮助无家可归的人。‎ homeless是形容词，意为“无家可归的”，由home+后缀-less构成。‎ 特别提示 less后缀通常加在名词的后面，构成形容词，表示与原来名词意思相反的形容词，如groundless 无根据的， odorless 无气味的, careless粗心的，useless无用的。‎ ‎2. You could help clean up the city parks. (P60)你可以帮着打扫城市公园。‎ ‎◎clean up是“清除、除去（垃圾、污物）”等，使地方干净。‎ Please clean up the room after the party. 聚会后把房间打扫干净。‎ We should clean up the dirty parts of the sea.‎ 我们应该清除海里的污染部分。‎ ‎◎clean up还可以表示“挣得，赢得（多少钱）”。‎ He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财。‎ 特别提示 clean oneself up意为“洗干净”。‎ Your hands are dirty, you’d better clean yourself up.‎ 你的手脏了，你应该洗洗它们。 ‎ ‎3. You could give out food at a food bank. (P60)你可以在食品供应站分发食品。‎ give out在这里是“分发”，“散发”的意思。‎ Our English teacher gave out the examination papers when the bell rang. ‎ 我们的英语老师在铃响的时候分发试卷。‎ ‎◎另外一个意思为“用完”，“消耗尽”。‎ After a week their food supplies gave out. 一周之后，他们的食物供应用完了。‎ ‎◎还有一个意思为“发出”，“送出”。‎ The sun gives out a lot of heat. 太阳能发出热量。‎ ‎4. He looks sad. Let’s cheer him up.(P61)他看上去很伤心。我们去帮他振作起来吧。‎ cheer up sb或cheer sb up意为“（使某人）高兴起来，振作起来”。如果是代词做宾语，则将代词放在中间。‎ Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 不要发愁啦，这消息不错嘛！‎ He took her to the ballet to cheer her up. ‎ 他为了使她高兴起来，便带她去看芭蕾舞。‎ ‎5. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week, so it is a major commitment. (P62)这份义工每周花了他们每个人好几个小时的时间，所以这是一个重大的贡献。‎ ‎(1)each of them是指“他们中的每一个”。如果做主语，则谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ 知识拓展 each与every的用法 ‎◎each指一个整体中的每一个，强调个体；every着重于全体的总和，强调整体。试比较：‎ Each has a different book. （强调各有不同。）‎ Here every child at the age of six can go to school. （侧重整体，无一例外。）‎ ‎◎each可作形容词及代词，而every只能作形容词，但可与-one，-body，-thing等构成复合代词。‎ ‎◎each用在代词或复数名词前要用介词of连接，如each of them, each of the boys; every不能直接跟of连接，如不可以说every of them，而要说every one of them或each of them。‎ ‎◎every还可以表示“每隔”，后接基数词加名词，如every four weeks, every three months等，此种结构中的every不能用each代替。‎ She had a rest every fives minutes. 她每隔5分钟就休息一会儿。‎ 魔力纠错 ‎①街道两旁有许多商店。‎ 误：There are many shops on every side of the street.‎ 正：There are many shops on each side of the street.‎ 魔力解析 each可以用来指两个或两个以上的人或物，但是every却总是指三个或三个以上的人或物，不能指两者。‎ ‎6. Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. (P62)我不仅对帮助别人感到很满足，而且我还渐渐地花时间做自己喜爱做的事情。‎ ‎(1)not only ... but also (also可省略)是“不但……而且……”的意思，当置于句首时，not only后面从句的主谓要倒装，但but （also）后面的主谓不用倒装。‎ Not only has he been to Canada, but (also) he knows some Canadians.‎ 他不仅去过加拿大，而且还认识许多加拿大人。‎ Not only did he teach at school, but (also) he wrote novels.‎ 他不仅在学校里教书，而且还写小说。‎ ‎7. “Don’t put it off,” says HuiPing. “Become a volunteer today!” (P62) “别犹豫”，慧萍说，“今天就来当一名自愿者吧！”‎ ‎(1)put off 意思是“推迟，拖延”。‎ Never put off till tomorrow what may be done today. 今日事今日毕。‎ They put off the soccer game because of the rain. ‎ 因为下雨，他们把球赛推迟了。‎ You should not put off going to see the doctor. 你不应该拖延去看医生。‎ ‎◎put off还可意为“关掉”，相当于turn off。‎ Please put off the lights before you leave the classroom.‎ 在你离开教室之前，请关掉灯。‎ ‎(2)become是系动词，表示“变成，成为”，后面接名词、形容词、过去分词等。‎ She became famous in her city. 她在她所在城市的成为名人了。‎ 知识拓展 become后可接介词of，构成what becomes of sb/sth 表示“某人/某事进展如何”。‎ What became of the dreams of our youth? 我们年轻时的理想何在？‎ 特别提示 系动词get, turn , grow和become都可表示“变得，感到”，其区别是：‎ ‎◎get用于日常用语，后面常跟比较级。‎ The weather gets colder, and the days get shorter. 天气变冷了，白天变短了。 ‎ ‎◎turn指在颜色和性质等方面变得与原来不同。‎ His face turned red. 他的脸变红了。‎ ‎◎grow着重变化过程。‎ It’s growing dark. 天渐渐地变黑了。‎ ‎◎become是指身份、职位的变化，作瞬间动词时，指状态的变化。‎ He became an artist. 他成为了一名艺术家。‎ ‎8. Jimmy takes after his mother. (P63)吉米的言行举止像他妈妈。‎ 本句中的take after sb 表示“长相或举止像（某个长辈）”，不能用于被动语态。‎ To my surprise, Jack doesn’t take after his father at all.‎ 令我惊奇的是，杰克和他爸爸长的一点儿也不像。‎ Mary really takes after her mother, she has the same eyes, nose, and hair. ‎ 玛丽长得真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发一个样。‎ ‎9. Jimmy has run out of money. (P63)吉米把钱花光了。‎ run out of意为“用完”，其主语通常是人，表示主动含义，后面跟宾语。‎ He has run out of ink.他用完了墨水。‎ I’m afraid we’re run out of petrol.我们的汽油怕是已用完了。‎ 特别提示 run out也是“用完”的意思，其主语通常是被使用的事物，如时间、金钱、食物等，但不用于被动语态，同时其后也不能跟宾语。‎ His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花完了。‎ Have you nearly finished? Time is running out. 你快做完了吗？时间快到了。‎ ‎10. I fix up bikes and give them away. (P63)我修理好自行车，然后捐赠出去。‎ ‎(1)fix up相当于to repair，表示“修理，修补，整理”,其后跟物件名词作宾语。‎ My watch sometimes gains and sometimes loses. Can you fix it up for me? ‎ 我的表有时快，有时慢，你能帮我修修吗？‎ My mother is too old to live on her own, so we’re fixing up the spare room for her. 我母亲年龄太大了，不能自己生活，所以我们正收拾这个多出的房间让她住。‎ 特别提示 如果fix up的宾语是“人”的话，则构成fix sb up with sth句型，表示“为某人安排某件事，向某人提供某物”。‎ I’ll fix you up with a place to stay. 我来给你安排住处。‎ ‎(2)give sth away 意思是“捐赠，赠送”。‎ The rich man gave away most of his money to charity.‎ 那个富人把他的大部分钱都捐给了慈善事业。‎ 知识拓展 ‎◎give away还可以表示“分发或赠与某物，由于大意而未利用或抓住（时机，机会等）”。‎ The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day.‎ 校长在学校运动会上颁发了奖品。‎ ‎◎give away还可以表示“有意或无意地泄露某事情或出卖某人”。‎ The woman gave away state secrets to the enemy.‎ 那个妇女把国家机密泄露给了敌人。‎ ‎11. He even handed out advertisements at a local supermarket. (P64)他甚至在当地的一家超市散发广告。‎ hand out意为“散发”，其中hand是动词。‎ The teacher is handing out the maths papers. 老师在发数学试卷。‎ 短语链语 hand in“面交”，“上交”。‎ The students are handing their papers in.学生们在交试卷。‎ ‎12. Then he told the teachers at school about his problem ... (P64)然后他告诉老师自己的问题……‎ tell sb about sth是“把某事告诉某人”的意思，有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”，常用于tell sb to do sth结构。‎ The teacher told us about his story. 老师给我们讲了他的故事。‎ My mother usually tells me to be careful on my way to school.‎ 妈妈常常告诉我在去上学的路上一定要小心。‎ ‎13. The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. (P64)他想到的那些办法获得了成功。‎ ‎(1)这是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是前面的strategies。动词短语worked out在这里作主语the strategies的谓语，意为“产生结果，发展为，结果是……”，后面不可接宾语，主语也不用“人”来充当。‎ I wonder how their ideas worked out in practice. ‎ 我很想知道他们的想法在实践中取得了什么结果。‎ We didn’t plan it like that but it worked out very well.‎ 我们原不是那样计划的，但结果却很好。‎ 知识拓展 work out的其它用法 It was the best solution that he was able to work out at this time. ‎ 这是他这时能想出的最好的解决办法了。（想出）‎ I can’t work out the meaning of this poem. 我理解不了这首诗的意思。（理解）‎ 短语链语 ‎◎work on意为“从事”。‎ Professor Green is working on a new book. 格林教授正在写一本新书。‎ He is working on a maths problem. 他正在算一道数学难题。‎ ‎◎work on后面无宾语时，表示继续工作。‎ It’s very late, but they were still working on.‎ 时间很晚了，但他们仍然在继续工作。‎ ‎(2)fine在这里是副词，可与well替换，意思是“好，顺利”。‎ The machine works fine. 这台机器运行很好。‎ Sam is doing fine in his new business. ‎ 萨姆在他的新业务中一切进展顺利。‎ ‎14. ...Who has filled my life with pleasure. (P66)……使我生活充满快乐的人。‎ ‎(1)本句中的fill...with...表示一个动作，意为“用……装满……”，其主语通常是人。‎ He filled the bag with books. 他在书包里装满了书。‎ Please fill the bottle with milk. 请将瓶子装满牛奶。‎ 知识拓展 be filled with表示一个状态，意为“装满了……”，相当于be full of，其主语通常是人或物。‎ The room was filled with smoke. 房间里浓烟弥漫。‎ Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了泪水。‎ ‎(2)pleasure意为“高兴，快乐”，是不可数名词；表示“乐趣，高兴的事”时是可数名词。‎ Reading gives me great pleasure. 读书给了我很多快乐。‎ It is one of my greatest pleasures. 它是我最大乐趣之一。‎ ‎◎在口语中It’s pleasure. 是回答感谢的客套语。 ‎ ‎—Thank you for your help. 感谢你的帮助。‎ ‎—It’s a pleasure. 不用谢。‎ 特别提示 ‎◎pleased是形容词，意为“自己感到高兴的，欣喜的，满意的”，指以任何方式表现出来或未表现出来的满足与快乐，在句中常用作表语，其主语为人。‎ The two friends were very pleased to see each other again. ‎ 这两个朋友非常高兴再次见面。‎ I was pleased that the manager had decided not to be angry with me. ‎ 使我高兴的是经理已经不再生我的气了。‎ ‎◎pleasant也是形容词，表示“使人感到愉快／满意”，一般用作定语，如主语是物，也可以用作表语。‎ It’s pleasant weather today. 今天的天气令人愉快。‎ It’s very pleasant to sit down after standing for hours.‎ 站了几小时后坐下来很舒服。‎ ‎◎please是动词，表示“（使）高兴，满意，愉快”。‎ Does the cloth please you? 这布料合你的意吗？‎ ‎15. Because I can’t use my arms or legs well, normal things like answering the telephone, opening and shutting doors, or carrying things have always been difficult for me. (P66)因为我不能灵活地使用我的手和脚，像接电话、开关门、拿东西这样的事情对于我来说都很难。‎ ‎(1)本句中的shut意为“关”，在许多情况下可以与close互换，只是后者语气较弱，如close the door关门（也可能指半开半闭），shut the door关门（指把门关紧）。‎ That shop shuts at eight pm. 那家商店八点钟关门。‎ He closed his speech with a funny joke. 他用一个有趣的笑话结束了演说。‎ ‎◎当表示“关闭公路，铁路或交通工具”或作“结束”讲时，只用close。‎ They have closed the road for thick fog. 由于大雾，那条公路被关闭。‎ 特别提示 turn off用来表示“关闭”有开关的东西，如收音机、电视、煤气、水龙头等。‎ Please turn off the light when you leave the lab. ‎ 在你离开实验室前关掉灯。‎ Make sure the gas is turned off before you go to bed. ‎ 确保上床前把煤气关掉。‎ ‎(2)本句中的carry意为“搬运，携带”，不表示带到什么地方，而携带的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。‎ She carried a baby in her arms. 她怀里抱了一个孩子。‎ He was carrying a wooden box on his shoulder.他扛着一个木箱。‎ 特别提示 在后面“Lucky! Fetch my book.”一句中出现的fetch相当于go and bring back，意为“取来，接来”，表示一往一返。‎ Let’s fetch some water. 咱们去打点水来。‎ People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood. ‎ 为了取木料，人们不得不走许多公里路。‎ Unit 9 When was it invented?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. They’re used for seeing in the dark. (P69)它们被用于在黑夜里观看。‎ be used for表示“被用来做……”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。‎ Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。‎ 知识拓展 含有be used的常用短语：‎ ‎◎be used as表示“被用作……”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。‎ This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。‎ ‎◎be used by表示“被……使用”，by后接动作的执行者。‎ This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.‎ 农民们用这种机器来收割庄稼。‎ ‎2. I think the most helpful invention is the light bulb. (P70)我认为最有用的发明是灯泡。‎ helpful是由名词help加上-ful后缀构成的形容词，意为“有帮助的”，类似的形容词还有：‎ thank—thankful (感谢的，感激的) grate—grateful(感谢的，感激的)‎ use—useful (有用的) wonder—wonderful(令人惊奇的)‎ forget—forgetful (健忘的) success—successful(成功的)‎ beauty—beautiful (美丽的) pain—painful(疼痛的)‎ ‎3. I’d like to have a radio because I could listen to music all day. (P70)我想有一个收音机，这样我就可以整天听音乐了。‎ 本句中的情态动词could用来表示逻辑上或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性。‎ Anybody could make mistake.任何人都可能犯错误。‎ The weather here could be very cold in winter. 冬天这儿的天气很冷。‎ 特别提示 could也表示人或动物的内在能力，有某种知识或者技能而能够做某事。‎ He hurt his foot and couldn’t play soccer. 他的脚受了伤，所以他不能踢足球了。‎ ‎4. The potato chips were invented by mistake. (P71)土豆条的发明纯属歪打正着。‎ ‎(1) potato chips是一个复合名词，其中第一个名词用作定语修饰后一个名词，这样的例子有很多，又如: alarm clock, telephone number等。‎ 知识拓展 复合名词变复数的规则，你一定要牢记啊！‎ ‎◎通常只把主体名词变为复数 school boy—school boys(男生) apple tree—apple trees(苹果树) ‎ vegetable sandwich—vegetable sandwiches(蔬菜三明治) ‎ girl friend—girl friends（女朋友）‎ ‎◎如果没有主体名词，在最后一个名词上用复数。‎ good-for-nothing—good-for-nothings（饭桶、无用的人）‎ three-year-old—three-year-olds（三岁的孩子）‎ ‎◎由man, woman和另外一个名词构成的复合名词，两个部分都要用复数。‎ man teacher—men teachers(男教师)‎ gentleman farmer—gentlemen farmers （乡绅）‎ ‎(2)by mistake 表示“错误地（因粗心、遗忘等所致）”。‎ Sorry, I took your bag by mistake. 对不起，我错拿了你的手提包。‎ 短语链语 mistake ... for “错把……当作……”‎ ‎5. George Crum cooked them for a long time until they were crispy. (P71)George Crum将它们做了很长时间，直到它们变脆了。‎ until常用作介词或连词，用来引导介词短语或从句在句子中作时间状语。‎ ‎◎在肯定句中，until与延续性、持续性动词连用，表示“直到……为止”。‎ I worked until late in the afternoon. 我一直干到下午很晚的时候。‎ ‎◎在否定句中，until常与瞬间动词、短暂性动词连用，表示“直到……才……”，“不到……不……”。‎ The rain didn’t stop until midnight. 雨直到半夜才停。‎ I won’t leave until you promise to help me. 你不答应帮助我，我不会离开。‎ ‎6. And he sprinkled lots of salt on them so they were salty. (P71) 然后，他在上面撒很多盐，这样它们就咸了。‎ ‎(1)sprinkle 是“撒、洒”的意思，常构成sprinkle A on/over B 或sprinkle B with A表示“撒(某物)于(某物的表面)”。‎ She sprinkled sand along the icy path. 她往结冰的路上撒了些沙子。‎ He sprinkled vinegar on his fish and chips. 他往鱼和土豆上洒了些醋。‎ ‎(2)salt是不可数名词，其形容词是salty。在英语中，很多名词后加-y可以构成形容词，表示“充满/包含……”，其意思与原来词汇的意思相同，只是词性不同，如cloud—cloudy, hair—hairy, rose—rosy, sleep—sleepy等。‎ ‎7. Some leaves from a nearby bush fell into the water and remained there for some time. (P72)附近丛林里的一些树叶掉进了水里，并留在那里很长时间。‎ ‎(1) fall into在这里是“落入、陷入”的意思。 ‎ Some ash fell into my cup. 一些灰掉进我的杯子里了。‎ A ripe fruit happened to fall into his hand. 一个熟了的果子碰巧掉在他手里。‎ ‎(2)fall into有时也可以作“开始”解。‎ He fell into conversation with me. 他开始和我谈起话来。‎ ‎(3)remain 表示“继续、依然、停留”，后面接名词，动词不定式。‎ He remained a prisoner for the rest of his life. 他的余生都在牢中度过。‎ It sounds a good idea, but it remains to be seen whether it will succeed.听起来这是个好注意，可是它能否成功，要等以后才能知晓。‎ ‎(4)remain后面也可以接副词或介词短语。‎ She remains in the house all these days. 她这些天一直呆在那栋房子里。‎ Three out of four of them remained single. 他们四个人中有三个人还是单身。‎ 特别提示 remain还有“剩下、残余”的意思。‎ I can’t go to the cinema because I have a lot of homework remained undone.‎ 我不能去看电影，因为我还有很多作业未做。‎ ‎8. And in this way, one of the world’s favorite drinks was invented. (P72)就这样，世界上最受欢迎的一种饮料产生了。‎ 本句中的in the way意为“就这样”，“以这种方式”。‎ The song was composed in this way. 这首歌就这样被创作出来了。‎ In this way, you will find the answer to this question. ‎ 用这种方法，你可以找到这个问题的答案。‎ 知识拓展 way主要有以下几种用法：‎ ‎◎表示“方法”，接不定式，...way to do sth这一结构等于...way of doing sth。‎ Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent(of preventing) disease.‎ 科学家们正在寻找预防疾病的方法。‎ There are many ways of traveling(to travel), for example, by air.‎ 旅行有许多方式，例如乘飞机。‎ ‎◎表示“路途”，“路线”，常构成on one’s/the way to...“在……的途中”。在这一结构中，介词to表示方向，后接名词。如果后面接地点副词如here, there, home时则不用to。‎ I’m on my way home.我正在回家的路上。‎ She’s on her way to see the film.她正在去看电影的路上。‎ ‎◎表示“方向”。‎ Look this way.看这边。‎ Go that way.往那边走。‎ ‎◎表示“距离”，“路程”。 ‎ Beijing is a long way from here.北京离这里很远。‎ ‎9. Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams, and taught them how to play his new game. (P74)奈斯密斯医生把他的学生分成两组，并教他们如何玩他的新游戏。‎ 本句中的divide...into是动介短语，与separate...into同义，意为“把……划分成”，其中divide是及物动词。 ‎ My father divided the cake into four pieces. 我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块。‎ We divided ourselves into small groups to carry out the plan.‎ 我们分成几个小组来执行这个计划。‎ ‎10. It is believed that on December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played. (P74)人们认为‎1891年12月21日是历史上的第一次篮球比赛的日子。‎ ‎(1)本句中的It is believed that... 相当于people believe that...是“人们相信/认为”的意思，that引导的是主语从句。‎ It is believed that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.‎ ‎=People believe that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2010年，世界人口将达到七十亿。‎ ‎(2)believe意为“相信”，“认为”，一般表示相信某人是诚实的或某事是真实的，后面可以接名词、代词、从句或复合结构作宾语。‎ I just could not believe my eyes. 我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。‎ Scientists believe that whales can live for twenty to thirty years.‎ 科学家们认为鲸可以活二十到三十年。‎ ‎◎believe可以用于被动语态。‎ They are believed to have discussed this problem.据说，这个他们已经讨论过了。‎ 特别提示 believe与believe in的含义不同。‎ ‎◎believe in意为“信奉、信仰”，后面常接表示真理或宗教一类的名词，也可作“信任、信赖”解。‎ My grandpa believes in Buddhism. 我爷爷信奉佛教。‎ I can’t believe in his honesty. 我不相信他诚实。人教版新目标英语9年级unit4-6‎ Unit 4 What would you do?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. What would you do if you won a million dollars? (P26)假如你赢了一百万美元，你将用它做什么？‎ 动词win和beat 都可以表示“赢，胜”，其区别是：前者后接比赛、奖品、名声、胜利、游戏、战役等；后者接人、队。‎ I was very glad when the boys won the relay race.‎ 男同学们赢得了接力赛跑，我非常高兴。‎ You beat me in the race, but I’ll beat you at tennis.‎ 赛跑你胜了我，但网球我要赢你。‎ 短语链语 win a battle打胜仗；win the war赢得战争；win a bet赌赢；win a match比赛获胜；win an election选举获胜。‎ ‎2. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. (P27) 如果我是你，我就穿衬衫戴领带。‎ tie在这里是名词，意为“领带，带子”等。‎ He wore a blue tie.他打着蓝色的领带。‎ 知识拓展 tie也可用作动词，表示“系”，“捆绑”，常与介词to连用，表示“把……系在……上”。特别注意tie的现在分词为tying。‎ He tied his dog to the fence. 他把狗拴在了栅栏上。‎ ‎3. If I were you, I’d be a little late. (P27) 如果我是你,我就晚点到。‎ a little可以作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及形容词和副词的比较级等，相当于a bit。‎ Try to help your mother a little. 设法帮你妈妈一点忙。‎ I feel a little better. 我感觉好一点了。‎ 特别提示 a little意为“一点，稍微”，既可作形容词，又可作名词。用作形容词时，表达肯定含义，后面接不可数名词。‎ Please give me a little water.请给我一点水。（形容词）‎ I know a little about that man.那个人的情况我知道一点。（名词）‎ 魔力解析 not a little和not a bit两者意义不同，前者意为“很多”,“不少”（=much），后者意为“一点也不”,“一点也没有”（=not at all）。‎ ‎4. What if everyone else brings a present? (P27)要是其他人都带了礼物该怎么办呢？‎ ‎(1)everyone else中的else用来修饰everyone，表示“其他的，别的”，它常放在疑问词或不定代词的后面。‎ Is there anything else? 有别的东西吗？‎ What else can you see? 你能看见别的什么东西吗？‎ 知识拓展 else还常与or连用，意思是“否则，要不然”。‎ You must pay ＄100 or else go to prison. 你必须付一百美元，否则就得去坐牢。‎ ‎(2)what if 表示“要是……又怎么样？”的意思，其结构相当于what would happen if...。‎ What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter?‎ 假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨可怎么办？‎ ‎5. Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble. (P28)噢，狗可能带来许多麻烦。‎ 名词trouble在这里意为“麻烦，烦恼，困难”。‎ I have some trouble in reading his handwriting. 我认他的笔迹有点难。‎ I am sorry to put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉这样麻烦你。‎ 短语链语 be in trouble “处于困境中”。‎ He is in trouble. Let’s help him. 他现在处于困境中，我们帮帮他吧。‎ ‎6. I’d introduce myself. (P29)我会作自我介绍。‎ 这里的introduce是动词，意为“介绍”，常用于introduce sb to sb句型中，表示“把某人介绍给某人”。‎ He introduced his father to the teacher. 他把他父亲介绍给老师。‎ I introduced myself to the class. 我向班上同学作了自我介绍。‎ ‎7. I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house. (P29)我会邀请他/她到我家吃晚饭。‎ 动词invite在这里意为“邀请”，常用于invite sb to do sth句型，用来表示“邀请某人做某事”。‎ They invited us to go to Beijing. 他们邀请我们去北京。‎ They invited us to stay for the weekend. 他们邀请我们在他们家度周末。‎ ‎8. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty ‎ confident. (P30)如果你大部分问题的答案都是c, 那么你可能相当自信。‎ ‎(1)answer ...for questions意为“把问题回答成……”。‎ ‎(2)probably 表示“很可能，或许”，语气较强，是有几分根据的推测或判断，含有可能性较大的意味，常位于行为动词前，情态动词、助动词或be动词后，有时也位于句首。‎ He can probably tell us the truth. 他很可能会告诉我们实情。‎ ‎(3)confident是形容词，其名词为confidence，常用句型：have confidence in sb表示“信任/信赖某人”。‎ I have complete confidence in him. 我完全信任他。‎ ‎(4)pretty在这里作副词用，相当于very,可用来修饰形容词或副词，意为“相当地”，表示程度。如：pretty beautiful很美；pretty well相当好。‎ I’m pretty sure he will come on time. 我很确信他会准时来。‎ The homework you did yesterday is pretty poor, you’d better do it once more.你昨天的作业做得相当糟，你最好重做。‎ ‎9. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest. (P30)社会环境一点儿也不会影响你。‎ 本句中的bother是“打扰，扰乱”的意思，相当于disturb。‎ He’s busy. Don’t bother him. 他很忙，别打扰他。‎ I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 很抱歉打扰了，你能告诉我几点了吗？‎ ‎10. Sometimes you might annoy people because you’re so confident. (P30)有时候因为你太自信可能惹恼其他人。‎ 动词annoy是“使烦恼，使生气，打搅”的意思。‎ He annoyed to learn that he would not be able to catch the train.‎ 听说赶不上火车,他心里感到烦恼。‎ ‎11. You have plenty of friends and you enjoy the company of other people. (P30)你有很多朋友，而且还喜欢同他人在一起。‎ 本句中的plenty通常用作名词，意为“充足”，“大量”。‎ ‎—Have you enough money for the ticket? 你买票的钱够吗？‎ ‎—Yes, I have plenty.够，我的钱足够了。‎ ‎◎plenty与of构成固定词组，意为“很多的”，“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，也可以修饰不可数名词。“plenty of+名词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的数由plenty of后面的名词的数决定。‎ There are plenty of books on the desk.桌上有许多书。‎ Don’t worry. There is plenty of time.别着急，时间很充裕。‎ ‎12. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with. (P30)你的朋友或许说你很容易相处。‎ get on/along with sb都可表示“与某人相处”，在with前可以加副词，表示“相处得如何”。如：当表示“和某人相处融洽”时可用get on/along well with sb。‎ 特别提示 get on/along with sth后面接事或物时，表示“（某事）进展，进行”之意。‎ ‎—How are you getting on with your studies? 你的功课学得怎样？‎ ‎—I’m getting along very well with my studies. 我功课学得很好。‎ ‎13. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. (P30)你喜欢跟一两个人说话,而不喜欢跟一群人说话。‎ 本句中的rather than相当于instead of，表示“不愿，不要，不是”之意，常用来连接两个并列的句子成分。‎ I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. ‎ 我想要一杯冷饮料而不是咖啡。‎ He ran rather than walked to school. 他跑步去上学而不是步行。‎ 特别提示 rather than还可以用在“prefer+动词不定式”的后面，后接另一动词不定式（to要省略）。‎ I prefer to read rather than do nothing. ‎ 我宁愿看书也不愿无所事事。‎ 魔力纠错 我喜欢苹果，而不喜欢梨。‎ 误：I prefer apples to rather than pears.‎ 正：I prefer apples to pears.‎ 魔力解析 ‎“prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词”结构本身就含有比较之意，所以不能使用rather than短语。‎ 知识拓展 would/had rather...than...常用来表示主观上的的抉择。‎ I would/had rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside.我宁愿和你们一起参加科研工作，也不愿到海边度假。‎ The shy girl would/had rather work at home than go to a party. ‎ 这个腼腆的女孩宁愿在家干活，也不愿去参加晚会。‎ ‎14. ...but you always come up with good solutions to people’s problems.(P31)……但是你总能想出好方法来解决人们的问题。‎ come up with在本句中是“提出，想出”的意思，相当于find or produce (an answer)。‎ The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Jim came up with a good answer.老师提问了一个难题，但是最后吉姆想出了一个好方法。‎ He couldn’t come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.‎ 当我问他为什么迟到的时候，他想不出一个理由来。‎ 特别提示 come up with也可意为“赶上，追上”，与catch up with同义。‎ We shall have to work hard to come up with them. ‎ 我们要努力工作，赶上他们。‎ ‎15. His new book What Would You Do If...? came out last month. (P32) 他的新书《如果……你该怎么办?》上个月出版了。‎ 本句中的come out意为“出版，发表”，其中out是副词。‎ When will Shui Mu Nian Hua’s new recording come out? ‎ 水木年华的新唱片什么时候发行？‎ The new textbooks will come out at the end of this month. We need to wait. 新课本这个月底就要出版了。我们需要等一等。‎ ‎◎come out还可以表示“出来”;“（花）开放”之意。‎ The sun is coming out. 太阳就要出来了。‎ The flowers begin to come out in spring. 春天花儿开始开放。‎ ‎16. And if it hurt for more than a few days, I’d see a doctor.（P32）但是如果它疼了好几天，我就会去看医生。‎ 这里的over和more than都是“多于……，超过……”的意思，两者常可替换。‎ There were over/more than 100 people at the party.‎ 有一百多人参加了晚会。‎ Unit 5 It must belong to Carla 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. It must belong to Carla.(P34)它肯定是卡拉的。‎ belong to是“属于”的意思，后面常接人，这时句子的主语习惯是用物件名词或代词来充当。‎ This cell phone belongs to me. 这个手机是我的。‎ ‎◎belong to常与物主代词进行句型替换。‎ These books belong to me.=These books are mine.这些书属于我的。‎ ‎2. He was the only little kid at the picnic. (P34)他是野餐中惟一的小孩。‎ 副词only一般放在它所修饰的词之前。它在句中的位置不同，句意也不同，大家千万要留意啊！‎ Only Tom drives the new car on Sunday.‎ 只有汤姆在星期日开新车。（强调“只有汤姆而没有其他人”。）‎ Tom only drives the new car on Sunday.‎ 汤姆在星期日只是开新车。（强调“只是开车而不干其他事”。）‎ Tom drives only the new car on Sunday.‎ 汤姆在星期日只开新车。（强调“只开新车而不开旧车”。）‎ Tom drives the new car only on Sunday.‎ 汤姆仅在星期日开新车。（强调“只在星期日而不在其他日子”。）‎ ‎3. I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall. (P36)音乐会期间我把它弄丢了，因此，它可能还在交响乐大厅里。‎ drop在此处用作及物动词，是“使落下”的意思，表示无意或故意掉下某一物体。‎ The Class Two runner dropped his stick on the ground.‎ 二班的运动员把接力棒掉在了地上。‎ He dropped the letter into the mailbox. 他把信投入信箱。‎ ‎◎drop还可用作不及物动词，后面不接宾语，表示“掉下，落下”之意。‎ The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. 苹果从树上掉到地上。‎ The kite dropped into a very tall tree. 风筝落在了一棵大树上。‎ ‎◎drop作动词时，还有“放弃，不再干”的意思，与give up同义。‎ Don’t drop English. It’s very useful. 不要放弃英语，它非常有用。‎ Let’s drop that subject and discuss something else.‎ 让我们放弃这个题目，谈点别的吧。‎ 特别提示 drop作名词时，是“滴，少量”;“下降，下落”的意思。‎ ‎—Would you like some more tea? 想再喝点茶吗？‎ ‎—Just a drop, please. 请给一点。‎ There was a sudden drop in the temperature. 气温突然下降。‎ ‎4. I tried to call you but your mom said you were still at your optometrist appointment. (P36)我设法给你打电话，可你的妈妈说你还在如约验光配眼镜呢。‎ ‎(1)appointment是“约会;指定”的意思，其中-ment是名词后缀。‎ move移动—movement移动 agree同意—agreement同意 achieve完成—achievement成绩，成就 improve改善—improvement改进 ‎(2)try to do sth 表示“设法/努力/企图做某事”。‎ I tried to get there at seven, but I was late. ‎ 我设法7点到达那里，但还是迟到了。‎ People are trying to solve the problem of water shortage.‎ 人们正设法解决缺水的问题。‎ ‎◎try doing sth表示“试着做某事”。‎ Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.‎ 如果前门没有人听到，你就试试敲后门。‎ Why not try doing the maths problem in other ways?‎ 为什么不试试用别的办法做这道数学题呢？‎ ‎5. I really need it because I have a math test on algebra tomorrow. (P36)我真的需要它，因为明天我有一场代数考试。‎ on 在此处是“关于”的意思，此外about也有“关于，有关”的意思，一般可通用，但on更正式。有关学术性的，可供研究的文章、演讲、专著等常用on，一般不用about。比较下列句子：‎ He is reading a book about stars.‎ 他正在读一本关于星辰的书。（也许是一本关于星辰的故事书）‎ Mr Li wanted to borrow a book on stars.‎ 李先生想借一本关于恒星的书。（也许是有关恒星的学术性专著）‎ ‎6. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam. (P36)我复习应对的这次考试很重要，因为它占期末考试的30%。‎ ‎(1)It’s crucial that I study for it...是一个由that引导的主语从句。主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。‎ That light travels in straight lines is known to all.‎ ‎=It’s known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知，光沿直线传播。‎ 魔力纠错 他要的东西是一本书。‎ 误：It is a book what he wants.‎ 正：What he wants is a book.‎ 魔力解析 what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构。‎ ‎(2) count 表示“算入，计算在内”，习惯上按顺序计数，相加得出结果，也可指“算入”，或“包含在内”的意思，后面可以接宾语。‎ Don’t forget to count your change. 别忘了数一数你的零钱。‎ 特别提示 连词because意为“因为”时，常用来引导原因状语从句；后面不能加名词或代词。‎ Because it was too hot, we could not drink the milk. 牛奶太烫，我们喝不下去。‎ He isn’t coming because he is very busy. 他不来了，因为他很忙。‎ ‎7. The earrings might be a present for his mother. (P36)耳环可能是他给他妈妈的礼物。‎ 介词for在这里表示“为”，“给”。‎ Can I do something for you? 我能为你做些什么吗？‎ 知识拓展 下面我们再看看for的其他用法：‎ ‎◎表示“当作”，“作为”。‎ I’d like some bread and milk for breakfast. 早饭我想要些面包、牛奶。‎ ‎◎表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“就……而言”，“对……来说”。‎ It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。‎ ‎◎表示理由或原因，意为“因为”,“由于”。‎ Thank you for teaching us so well. 谢谢你把我们教得这么好。‎ ‎◎表示去向、目标，意为“向，往；取；买”等。‎ I came here for my schoolbag. 我来这儿取我的书包。‎ ‎◎表示时间、距离，意为“计，达”。‎ She has been an English teacher for seven years.她当一名英文老师有七年了。‎ ‎◎表示与具体条件作比较，意为“比起来”，“就……来看”。‎ It’s rather hot for May. 对于五月来说，这已相当热了。‎ ‎8. The UFO is landing. (P37)那个不明飞行物正在着陆。‎ ‎(1)UFO是Unidentified Flying Object的首字母缩写形式，意为“不明飞行物”。‎ ‎(2)此句中的land是不及物动词，主要指“（从空中）降落，落下”，也可指从船上“登陆；卸下”。‎ The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆了。‎ The ship landed the goods at Bombay. 那船在孟买卸了货。‎ ‎9. He might be running to catch a bus. (P37)他可能正跑着去赶公共汽车呢。‎ ‎(1)might be running属于“情态动词+行为动词的进行式（即情态动词+be+v-ing形式）”结构，表示推测某动作现在是否正在进行。‎ He might be sleeping at home now. 他现在可能在家里睡觉呢。‎ ‎(2)catch a bus“赶班车”，其中的catch含有“匆忙”的意思，可以用take替换。‎ Please hurry up, or we can’t catch the first bus.‎ 请快点，否则赶不上早班车了。‎ ‎10. However, these days, strange things are happening in our neighborhood and everyone is unhappy. (P38)但是这些天，我们街坊发生了一些奇怪的事情，这使得每个人都不开心。‎ happen是不及物动词，意为“发生”，其主语一般为事，而不能是人，且不能用于被动语态。‎ This accident happened at the corner. 事故发生在拐角处。‎ ‎◎表示“……发生了什么事”应用sth happens/happened to+名词/代词。‎ Something has happened to the train. 火车出事故了。‎ 知识拓展 happen表示“碰巧”之意时，其主语可以是人，后面常跟动词不定式。‎ Last Sunday I happened to meet one of my old friends in the street.‎ 上星期天我在街上碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。‎ I happened to be there when the fire started.大火发生时我碰巧在那儿。‎ ‎◎happen表示“碰巧”时，还可用于It happens/happened that...结构，这种结构可与上述结构互换。‎ It happened that the famous actor was her brother.‎ ‎=The famous actor happened to be her brother.‎ 那个著名的演员碰巧是她哥哥。‎ 特别提示 take place意为“发生”时，常指有计划安排的事情的发生与进行，不含偶然的意味。‎ When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行？‎ ‎11. When he was interviewed by the local newspaper... (P38)当地的报纸采访他时……‎ ‎(1)was interviewed是一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。‎ The PLA was founded on August 1, 1927.‎ 中国人民解放军创建于‎1927年8月1日。‎ ‎(2)interview在这里作动词，是“接见，采访，会晤”的意思。‎ The newspaper reporters interviewed the minister.‎ 报界记者采访了这位部长。‎ ‎12. ...but they can’t find anything strange. (P38)……但他们找不到任何奇怪的东西。‎ something, anything, nothing等不定代词用形容词修饰时，要把形容词放在代词后面，这与形容词放在名词前作定语的汉语规则正好相反。‎ I gave my sister a new bike for her birthday.‎ 我送给我妹妹一辆新自行车作生日礼物。‎ There is nothing new in the newspaper. 报纸上没有新消息。‎ ‎13. I don’t think so! (P38)我认为不是这样。‎ 这句话常用于表示不同意对方的意见或观点等，也可以说“I think not.”其肯定形式是“I think so.”（我认为是这样的。）表示肯定对方的意见。‎ ‎— Look at the cloud, it will be rainy soon. ‎ 看天上的云彩，很快就要下雨了。‎ ‎— I don’t think so. I think it will be sunny soon. ‎ 我看不会的，我想很快就会天晴的。‎ ‎—Whose pen is this? Is it Li Ming’s? 这是谁的钢笔？是李明的吗？‎ ‎—I think so. 我想是的。‎ 类似句型 I hope so. 我希望是这样的。/I hope not. 我希望不是这样。‎ I’m afraid so. 恐怕如此。/I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。‎ ‎14. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood... (P38) 肯定有什么东西光顾我们的街坊的各家了……‎ ‎(1)visiting the homes是现在分词短语作定语。单个的现在分词作前置定语，现在分词短语作后置定语。‎ He often helps his working mother at home. 他经常帮助妈妈在家中工作。‎ Who is the lady standing by the door? 站在门口的那位女士是谁？‎ ‎(2)neighborhood表示“地区；某地区的人；与某处相邻的地区”。‎ The whole neighborhood likes her a lot. 邻近的人都非常喜欢她。‎ We live in a rather rich neighborhood. 我们住在一个相当富裕的住宅区。‎ ‎15. Maybe it means you’re afraid of too much homework! (P38)也许那意味着你害怕有太多的家庭作业！‎ 本句中的too much是形容词词组，用来修饰不可数名词homework，意为“太多”，其中心词是much，副词too修饰much，以加强语气。‎ I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.‎ 我不喜欢冬天，因为有太多冰雪。‎ People don’t need to spend too much money.人们不需要花太多的钱。‎ 特别提示 much too的含义是“（实在）太……”，它常用作副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，much用来加强语气，修饰too，表示“太”，“过于”。‎ This job is much too heavy for so young a boy.‎ 这项工作对这么小的男孩实在太重了。‎ He spent too much time on computer games. 他玩电脑游戏的时间太多了。‎ ‎16. Don’t let yesterday use up too much of today. (P39)不要让昨天占去了今天太多的时间 (昨天的事昨天做,今天还有今天事)。‎ use up是“消耗，用尽”的意思。‎ We used up the money and could not go back home.‎ 我们把钱用完了，回不了家了。‎ The ink has been used up. 墨水用完了。‎ ‎17. He who would do great things should not attempt them all alone. (P39) 做大事的人不应该孤军奋战。‎ ‎(1)who would do great things是一个定语从句，引导词是who。主句中的should是情态动词，意思是“应该”。‎ We should help each other when we meet trouble.‎ 当我们遇到麻烦时，应该互相帮助。‎ ‎(2)动词attempt的意思是“尝试，企图”，后面可接动词不定式，有时也接动名词。‎ He attempted to climb the mountain. 他试图爬上这座山。‎ I attempted walking until I fell over. 跌倒之前我都在试着行走。‎ 特别提示 lonely意为“单独的，独自的”，在句中用作定语或表语，指人孤独寂寞或指地方荒芜人烟、偏僻遥远，带有浓厚的感情色彩。‎ He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 他一个人住，但并不感到孤独。‎ My father was born in a lonely mountain village. 我父亲出生于一个偏僻的山村。‎ Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. I prefer music that has great lyrics. (P44)我更喜欢有好歌词的音乐。‎ prefer是及物动词，意为“宁愿，更喜欢”，相当于like better。‎ Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread? ‎ 你比较喜欢哪一样，米饭还是面包？‎ 句型拓展 ‎◎prefer sb to do sth 表示“宁愿某人做某事”。‎ They preferred their son to go to the countryside.他们宁可让儿子去农村。‎ ‎◎prefer+(doing) sth+to (doing) sth表示“宁愿……而不愿……”。‎ I prefer pears to any other fruit. 我喜欢梨胜过其他的水果。‎ My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.‎ 我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。‎ ‎◎prefer to do sth+rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。‎ My brother preferred to do his homework rather than go to the zoo.‎ 我的弟弟宁愿做作业而不愿去动物园。‎ ‎2. I like music that I can dance to.(P44)我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。‎ dance to是“跟着跳舞”的意思。‎ They danced to the disco music. 他们跟着迪斯科音乐跳舞。‎ ‎3. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46)这音乐使我回想起巴西的舞蹈音乐。‎ remind sb of sb/sth表示“使某人回想起某人/某物”。‎ This song reminds me of China. 这首歌曲使我想起了中国。‎ Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I have to attend.‎ 谢谢你提醒我去开那个必须参加的会。‎ ‎4. What do you think of it? (P46)你认为它怎么样？‎ think of和what连用，表示“觉得……怎样”，“认为……如何”，常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何，相当于How do you like...?‎ What do you think of the story?=How do you like the story?‎ 你觉得这个故事怎么样？‎ 短语链语 ‎◎think highly of... “对……评价高”。‎ We think highly of their research in the field.‎ 我们对他们在这领域里的研究评价很高。‎ ‎◎think ill of... “对……评价不好”。‎ Don’t think ill of him. 不要把他想得太坏。‎ ‎5. I can’t stand music that.... (P46)我不能忍受……音乐。‎ 动词stand在这里表示“忍受，经受”。‎ I can’t stand the fellow. 我不能忍受那家伙。‎ Can you stand the pain? 你受得了这疼痛吗？‎ ‎6. It does have a few good features, though. (P48)可是，它的确有一些好的特色。‎ 助动词does在本句中表示强调，说明我们对正在讨论的事感情强烈，does要重读，后面接动词原形。‎ You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真是漂亮。‎ She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? 她的确爱说话，不是吗？‎ 知识拓展 ‎◎助动词does可用在肯定句中，避免重复前面已经用过的某个动词。‎ She said she’d help me and she did. 她说她将帮助我，她也是这样做的。‎ ‎◎祈使句中用do可以使邀请的口气更加客气、热情或友好。‎ Do sit down! 请坐！‎ ‎7. ... and some of her best loved photos are on display in this exhibition. (P48)……她的部分深受好评的摄影照片也在这次展览会上展出。‎ 本句中的on display表示“展出，陈列”，与on show同义。‎ They saw many old things on display (=on show).‎ 他们看到许多展出的文物。‎ New spring suits are on display (=on show) in the shop window.‎ 商店橱窗陈列着新式春装。‎ ‎8. ...they don’t interest me as much. (P48)……它们同样唤不起我的兴趣。‎ ‎(1)interest 作动词时，表示“使发生兴趣，引起注意”。‎ The story does not interest me. 这故事引不起我的兴趣。‎ I try to interest him in our plan. 我设法使他对我们的计划感兴趣。‎ ‎◎interest sb in doing sth He tried to interest me in buying the house. 他想说服我买这座房子。‎ ‎（2）as much在句中表示“同样地，同等程度地”。‎ That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那无异于说我撒谎了。‎ ‎9. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. (P48)无论如何都别错过这次展览。‎ whatever在这里是连接代词，意为“任何的事物”、“无论什么”、“无论什么样的”等，是由“疑问词+ever”构成的。 ‎ Whatever has a beginning also has an end. 凡事有始必有终。‎ Whatever you do, you should always do carefully.‎ 不管做什么，你都应该认真。‎ 知识拓展 类似的词还有whenever, wherever, however, whoever，分别是“无论什么时候”、“无论在哪里”、“无论什么方式”、“无论谁”的意思。‎ Whenever I meet him, he says hello to me with a smile.‎ 无论什么时候我遇到他，他都微笑着和我打招呼。‎ The little boy went wherever his mother went.‎ 不论他妈妈去哪儿，这个小男孩都跟着。‎ In my own house, I can do whatever I wish. 在自己家中，我可以随心所欲。‎ Uncle Tom told his story to whoever wanted to listen.‎ 谁爱听，汤姆叔叔就把他的故事讲给谁。‎ ‎10. ...I’m lucky to be here for my six-month English course. (P49)……我很幸运在这里上6个月的英语课。‎ six-month是由数词加名词构成的复合形容词，中间用连字符连接起来作定语修饰后面的名词。‎ a two-month holiday=two months’ holiday =a holiday of two months 两个月的假期 a twenty-floor building =a building of twenty floors 一座二十层的楼 魔力纠错 房间里有两个18岁大的男孩。‎ 误：There are two 18-years-old boys in the room.‎ 正：There are two 18-year-old boys in the room.‎ 魔力解析 注意：连字符后紧跟的名词必须用单数。‎ ‎11. I prefer quiet, traditional music so the concert suited me just fine. (P49)我更愿意听安静的传统的音乐，因此音乐会更适合我的胃口。‎ ‎(1)quiet 表示“平静的，宁静的”，是一个常用词。‎ This is a quiet street. 这是一条宁静的街道。‎ ‎(2)suit 表示“适合，合适，相称”，后面既可以接宾语，也可以不接宾语。‎ The dress suits well. 这衣服很合身。‎ The dress suits me well. 这衣服很合我身。‎ ‎12. My host family is taking me over to an Indian film festival next weekend. (P49)我的房东一家下周末将带我去参加一个印度电影节。‎ host 的意思是“主人，东道主（可数）”；host family则是指 “房东家”，表示“所借住的人家”。‎ China is the host country for the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ 中国是2008年奥运会的东道主。‎ 特别提示 在英语中，“女主人”常用hostess表示。‎ A good hostess makes her guests comfortable. ‎ 一个好的女主人使她的客人十分舒适。‎ ‎13. I’m not sure what to expect because I’ve never seen an Indian film. (P49)我没有抱多大的指望，因为我从未看过印度电影。‎ expect是及物动词，意为“期待，盼望”，其后面常跟动词不定式、从句等。‎ She expects to come back on Sunday. 她预计星期天回来。‎ I expect that I’ll finish my homework in 10 minutes.‎ 我预计10分钟后就能做完作业。‎ 特别提示 expect的后面还可以跟复合宾语。‎ What do you expect me to say to the teacher? 你希望我和老师说些什么？‎ ‎14. People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, shouldn’t they? (P50)饮食平衡的人比仅吃饼干和汉堡包的人更健康，不是吗？‎ 本句中的diet意为“饮食，食物”，指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。‎ Proper diet and exercise are both important to health. ‎ 适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。‎ The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。人教版新目标英语九年级unit1-3‎ Unit 1 How do you study for a test?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. by asking the teacher for help（P2）通过向老师寻求帮助 ‎(1)“ask+sb+for+名词”意为“向某人请求……”;“向某人要求……”。‎ They asked me for help.他们向我求助。‎ We asked our PE teacher for a football.我们请求体育老师给我们一个足球。‎ ‎(2)by作介词时，后接动词-ing形式，这是中考的重点，大家可不要忘记啊！‎ ‎◎“通过……的方式”。‎ Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教书为生。‎ ‎◎“经过（某人/某物）”。‎ He went by the supermarket on his way to school.‎ 在去上学的路上，他经过那家超市。‎ ‎◎“在……旁边，在……附近”。‎ Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里，李雷坐在我的旁边。‎ ‎◎“在……之前，不迟于……”。‎ I can finish doing my homework by six o’clock. 我能在6点之前做完作业。‎ ‎◎表示交通方式，意为“乘……”。‎ I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学。‎ 特别提示 by作副词时，相当于near，意为“靠近”。‎ The thief stole the money when no one was by.当旁边无人的时候，小偷偷走了钱。‎ 短语链语 ‎◎by and by “不久”,“一会儿”。‎ It’s 12 o’clock now and we will go home by and by.‎ 现在12点了，过一会儿我们就要回家了。‎ ‎◎by the way “顺便说一下”。‎ By the way, I forgot to tell you the news. 哦，对了，我忘记告诉你那个消息了。‎ ‎2. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语，而且的确很喜欢它。‎ He’s是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子，由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成，用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。请看：‎ Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已经卧床两个星期了。‎ We have been teaching in this school for eight and a half years.‎ 我们在这所学校教书已经8年半了。‎ ‎3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说，和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。‎ ‎（1）add的常见意思为“增加，添上，加上”。在本句中表示在说完上面的话语后又添加一些话语，是“又说，补充说”的意思。‎ It will add to your troubles. 这将会给你们增添麻烦的。‎ Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. ‎ 史密斯先生补充说他很快就会回来。‎ ‎（2）at all与not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意义的词连用，用来加强否定意义，表示“完全不，一点儿都不，丝毫不”的意思。‎ He doesn’t like swimming at all.他一点儿都不喜欢游泳。‎ There is nothing in the room at all.房间里面什么东西都没有。‎ ‎◎not at all单独使用时，用来回答对方的感谢或道歉，相当于That’ s all right, You’re welcome等。但是,You’re welcome主要用于美国英语中，而英国人则多用Not at all。‎ ‎—Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助！‎ ‎—Not at all./That’ s all right./You’re welcome.别客气。‎ ‎4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些话题让我们兴奋不已 ，最后干脆说起汉语来。‎ ‎（1）be/get excited about意思是“对……感到兴奋”，其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。‎ She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.‎ 她一听到那个好消息，就变得很兴奋。‎ Are you excited about going to Shanghai? 你对去上海感到兴奋吗？‎ 类似短语 be/get worried about “对……感到担心”，be amazed at“对……感到惊讶”，be pleased with“对……感到满意”。‎ ‎(2)excited表示某人对某物或某事“感到兴奋，激动”，主语常为人。‎ We were excited when we saw our team was winning.‎ 看到自己的球队要赢了，我们都十分激动。‎ 特别提示 exciting作“令人激动的”，“令人兴奋的”解时，常用来修饰物或事。‎ The football match we watched was very exciting.‎ 我们观看的那场足球赛非常激动人心。‎ ‎（3）end up意为“达到某状态或采取某行动，以……结束或告终”，后面接动词-ing形式。‎ He ended up running a firm. 他最终经营了一家公司。‎ 类似短语 finish up“完成”, eat up“吃光”, burn up“烧光”。‎ ‎5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也许你应该参加某个英语俱乐部。‎ ‎(1)maybe和may be虽然写法相似，意思也相似，但是用法区别很大。maybe是副词，意为“也许，可能”，用作状语；may be意为“也许是，可能是”，may是情态动词，与be一起作谓语。‎ Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。‎ But I’m afraid I may be a little late. 但恐怕我可能是晚了一点。‎ ‎(2)join意为“参加，加入”，主要指参加、加入某党派、团体，成为一员，后面也可跟us, them, the young people等表示一群人的词或词组；而 take part in也意为“参加，加入”，指参加群众性的活动、会议、考试、竞赛等。‎ My brother joined the League two years ago. 我的哥哥两年前就入团了。‎ We are getting ready to take part in the speech contest.‎ 我们正准备参加这次演讲比赛。‎ ‎6. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)刚开始，当老师和全班学生说话的时候，她的话对我来说很难听懂。‎ ‎(1)短语first of all意为“首先，第一”，在句中作状语，强调首要的事情是什么，不一定用于列举，常用于first of all..., then..., at last...，使说明的层次更清楚。‎ First of all, I must finish my work. 首先，我必须完成我的工作。‎ First of all, I want to say that thank you for coming. ‎ 首先，我想说的是感谢你们的到来。‎ ‎7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (P6)刚开始，她讲得太快，我不能每个词都听懂。‎ 本句中的to begin with意为“首先,第一点（理由）”。‎ We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 我们不能去。首先是天气太冷了；再者，我们没有钱了。‎ ‎◎begin with意为“以……开始”，其后接动词时应用动词-ing形式。‎ The book begins with a story. 这本书是以一个故事开头。‎ The party began with dancing. 晚会是以舞蹈开头的。‎ ‎8. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. (P6)后来，我意识到即使不理解每个单词也没有关系。‎ later on是由later与on构成的固定词组，但在意思和用法上与later既有相同之处，也有区别的地方。‎ 特别提示 later与later on的用法 ‎◎later作副词用，意为“后来”，“以后”，往往以以前或现在的时间或事情为基准，因此，常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。‎ Later he learned how to repair television sets.后来他学会了修电视机。‎ The radio says the sun will come out later.广播说太阳过些时候就会出来。‎ ‎◎later常和一个表示时间的名词连用，构成“时间段+later”结构。‎ He came back a week later.一星期后他回来了。‎ 魔力纠错 两天后我再来拜访。‎ 误：I shall call again two days later.‎ 正：I shall call again in two days.‎ 魔力解析 ‎“时间段+later”不可用于从现在算起的若干时间以后。说“从（现在起）……之后”，应该用“in+时间段”。‎ ‎◎later on作副词短语使用，也是“后来”，“以后”的意思，有时可与later互换。‎ That happened later on/later.后来那件事发生了。‎ ‎◎later on只可单独使用，不能用于“时间段+later on”结构。‎ ‎9. It helped a lot. (P6)它很有帮助。‎ 在本句中a lot用作副词，表示“非常，相当”，等于very much。‎ Thanks a lot. = Thanks very much.多谢。‎ He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感觉好多了。‎ ‎◎a lot还可作“经常，常常”解，相当于often。‎ They use the recorder a lot in English class.在英语课上，他们常用录音机。‎ ‎◎a lot of=lots of，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，意为“许多”，相当于many或much。‎ There is a lot of(=lots of) homework to do.有许多作业要做。‎ 魔力纠错 她在穿上没有花很多钱。‎ 误：She doesn’t spend a lot of money on dresses.‎ 正：She doesn’t spend much money on dresses.‎ ‎10. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. (P6) 我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一个好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。‎ ‎(1)该句是由that引导的宾语从句，当主句用一般现在时态时，从句可以用任意时态；当主句用过去时态时，从句则要用相应的过去时。‎ I hear that Mr Brown has been to Shanghai. 我听说布朗先生去过上海。‎ He said these answers were right. 他说这些答案是正确的。‎ ‎(2)one of意为“(……中的)一个”，其后接名词的复数形式，如有形容词修饰名词时，形容词要用最高级。‎ Mr Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.‎ 王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。‎ ‎11. How do we deal with our problems? (P8)我们怎样处理我们的问题？‎ 本句中的deal with意为“处理，解决”，相当于do with，其主语通常是人或物。‎ I have many problems to deal with. 我有许多问题要解决。‎ ‎◎ deal with作“与……打交道”，“与……做买卖”解时，主语通常是人、公司、商店等。‎ My elder brother will deal with you later on. 我哥哥以后会来收拾你的。‎ 特别提示 deal in有时也可以表示“与……做买卖”，但后面跟具体的商品。‎ This shop deals in computers. 这家商店做电脑买卖。‎ ‎12. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. (P8)我们中的大部分人可能都生过我们的朋友、父母或老师的气。‎ 本句中的be angry with意为“对某人生气”，后面常跟人作宾语；当表示生气的原因时，可以加上for doing sth。‎ He was angry with me for not having done anything. ‎ 我什么也没有做，他为此很生气。‎ 特别提示 be angry at表示“因某事生气”，后面接表示言行的名词、代词或v-ing形式或从句作宾语。‎ He was rather angry at missing the bus.他因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。‎ He was angry at what I said. 他对我所说的感到生气。‎ ‎13. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. (P8)时间流逝，良好的友谊可能也就随之逝去了。‎ ‎(1)go by是不及物动词短语，意为“走过”，“（时间）消逝，流逝”。‎ Two weeks went by. 两周过去了。‎ ‎(2)lost是lose的过去分词。lose意为“丢失，失去”时，语气较强，一般指失去不易找回。‎ The man lost a leg in the war. 那个人在战争中失去了一条腿。‎ 知识拓展 miss意为“丢失，失去”时，指东西或人丢失了，但有找到的希望。‎ She missed her child in the street. 她在街上把孩子丢了。‎ ‎◎miss可以表示“想念”的意思，而lose则不能。‎ We shall all miss you when you are away. 你不在时我们都会想念你的。‎ 特别提示 作定语或表语时，lose用过去分词形式，miss用现在分词形式。‎ Who has found my lost pen? 谁找到了我丢失的钢笔？‎ They set out to look for the missing girl at once. ‎ 他们立即出发去寻找丢失的女孩。‎ Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. Over here! Don’t you remember me? (P11)过来！你不记得我了吗？‎ ‎(1)over here相当于come over here，意为“过来”。‎ ‎(2) remember的反义词是forget，两者用法相同，后面可跟名词，动名词或动词不定式。‎ ‎◎remember/forget doing sth表示“记得/忘记做过某事”，强调事情已经做了。‎ I remember posting your letter. 我记得替你寄过信了。‎ They forget locking the door. 他们忘记锁过门了。‎ ‎◎remember/forget to do sth表示“记得/忘记去做某事”，强调事情还未做。‎ I remember to post your letter. 我记得替你寄信。‎ They forget to lock the door. 他们忘了锁门。‎ ‎2. You’re Paula, aren’t you? (P11)你是波拉，对吗？‎ 这是一个反意疑问句，表示说话人提出某种情况或看法，询问对方是否同意。‎ 知识拓展 反意疑问句主要有以下几种类型：‎ ‎(1)主句为肯定陈述句时，附加疑问句为：系动词/情态动词/助动词的否定（缩写）形式+主语。‎ The girl went to school late yesterday, didn’t she?‎ 昨天那个女孩上学迟到了，是吗？‎ ‎(2)主句为否定陈述句（包括肯定形式中有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody等否定意义的词）时，附加疑问句为：系动词/情态动词/助动词的肯定形式+主语。‎ You have never been to Beijing, have you? 你没有去过北京，是吗？‎ ‎(3)主句为祈使句时，附加疑问句为：will或shall+主语。‎ Open the window, will you? 打开窗户，好吗？‎ Let’s go to school, shall we? 我们上学去吧，好吗？‎ ‎3. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇！人确实是会变的。‎ 句中的sure用作副词，意为“确实”，“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型：‎ ‎◎表示“可以”，“当然”，“没问题”，常用来答应他人的请求，相当于 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course.‎ ‎—Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗？‎ ‎—Sure./Of course.当然。‎ ‎—Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗？‎ ‎—Sure./Certainly.好啊。‎ ‎◎be sure about/of意为“确信，对……有把握”，后接名词，代词或v-ing形式，表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断，主语必须是人。‎ I’m sure of passing the examination.我相信我会通过考试。‎ He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number.‎ 他住在这栋楼里，但是房间号码我不太清楚。‎ ‎◎be sure to意为“一定”，“肯定”，后接不定式，往往表示局外人的推测、评论，主语不一定是人。‎ It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。‎ She is sure to understand much more than before.她一定比以前懂得更多了。‎ 试比较下面两句：‎ The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety.‎ 这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。‎ The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety.‎ 这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。‎ ‎◎be sure to 用于祈使句时，是“务必”，“切望”的意思。‎ Be sure to review the text after class.课后务必复习课文。‎ Be sure to come tomorrow，everyone.大家明天一定要来。‎ ‎◎be sure接that从句时，意为“认为……一定会”，主语必须是人，连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether， where, when或who等引导的名词性从句，这时主句通常是否定形式。‎ I’m not sure whether I can come tomorrow.我明天是否能来还说不准。‎ I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我确信我比你跑得快。‎ ‎4. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。‎ terrified为形容词，意为“受惊吓的，恐惧的”，表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”，固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。‎ I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家。‎ 特别提示 terrified的动词形式为terrify，表示“使害怕”，“使恐惧”。‎ There are several persons terrifying the little boy.‎ 有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。‎ ‎5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。‎ ‎(1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语，在句中用作状语，表示伴随情况。‎ He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。‎ 知识拓展 ‎“with+名词+介词短语”结构也可用作状语，表示伴随情况。‎ The teacher came in with a book under his arm. ‎ 老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。‎ The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back.‎ 那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿，穿过了街道。‎ ‎(2)on在此处是形容词，意为“开着的，接通的”，常见的结构有：be/turn on。‎ ‎—Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗？‎ ‎—No. It’s off. 不，关着呢。‎ Turn on the radio, please. I’ll listen to the weather report.‎ 请打开收音机，我要听天气预报。‎ ‎6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前，我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏，但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。‎ ‎(1)high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”，常指高中。‎ ‎(2)本句中的spend意为“花费”，常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事，主语通常为人，常见的句子结构有两种：‎ ‎◎sb spends some money/time on sth She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。‎ ‎◎sb spends some money/time in doing sth，其中介词in可以省略。‎ They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。‎ 特别提示 take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”：‎ ‎◎take意为“花费”，常用形式主语it，真正的主语是动词不定式，常见的句子结构有：‎ ‎“It takes （took）+时间/金钱+动词不定式”（表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”）和“It takes+sb+时间/金钱+动词不定式”（“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”）。‎ It’ll take only ten minutes to walk to the supermarket.‎ 只要十分钟，就可以走到那家超市。‎ It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship.‎ 乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。‎ ‎◎pay的基本意思是“支付”，主语是表示人的名词或代词，常与for连用。‎ How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的？‎ ‎◎cost也可作“花费”解，其主语是“物”或“事”，常用于sth costs (sb) some money结构。‎ The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。‎ ‎(3)not...any more意为“不再……”，相当于no more，一般用来表示动作或行为的不再发生或重复。‎ They don’t use animals to do farm work any more. ‎ 他们不再使用牲畜做农活了。‎ ‎7. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. (P14) 现在，我根本没有时间去听音乐会。‎ ‎(1)本句中的these days意为“现在，目前，如今”，相当于nowadays, at present。‎ We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我们不再贫穷了。‎ They still remember that old saying these days. 现在他们仍然记得那句古谚语。‎ ‎(2)hardly用作副词，意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not，本身含有否定之意，修饰名词时，常和a或any连用。‎ I’m so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了，简直不能再走下去了。‎ There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有一丝云彩。‎ 魔力纠错 他简直不知道说什么好，是吗？‎ 误：He hardly knows what to say, doesn’t he?‎ 正：He hardly knows what to say, does he?‎ 魔力解析 hardly本身含有否定意义，构成反意疑问句时，后半部分要用肯定形式。类似的词有few, little, never, none, nobody, nothing等。‎ 特别提示 hardly不是hard的副词形式，两者是完全不相关的两个词。‎ ‎8. Now, I don’t mind them. (P14)现在我不介意它们了。‎ 动词mind的基本含义是“介意，反对”，后面接名词或动名词。‎ He doesn’t mind closing the window. 他不介意关掉窗户。‎ 知识拓展 Would you mind doing...?句型常用来向别人提出请求，对方如果表示介意，就说“Yes”；如果表示不介意、不反对，应说“No, not at all./No, of course not.”。‎ ‎— Would you mind telling me how to remember English words?‎ 你介意告诉我如何记英语单词吗？‎ ‎—No, not at all. 不，不介意。‎ 特别提示 mind还可用作名词，表示“思想，主意”。‎ What do you make up your mind to be when you grow up?‎ 你长大以后立志要做什么？‎ 短语链语 never mind不要紧，不介意；keep in mind记住；make up one’s mind下决心，下决定；set up one’s mind to do sth立志做某事; change one’s mind改变主意。‎ ‎9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。‎ 动词seem是“看起来像”，“似乎”的意思，其常用的句型有：‎ ‎◎It seems+that 从句 It seems that he would never be able to work out the question.‎ 看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。‎ ‎◎seem+形容词 Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。‎ ‎◎seem+动词不定式 Li Fang seems to know everything.李芳好像什么都知道。‎ 特别提示 ‎“It seems+that 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词+seems+动词不定式短语”这一简单句型，如果动词不定式短语是“to be+形容词”，to be可以被省略。‎ It seems that his temperature is all right.‎ ‎=His temperature seems (to be) all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。‎ It seems that she doesn’t get on well with her classmates.‎ ‎=She doesn’t seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处的不好。‎ 短语链语 seem like...意为“似乎，好像”。‎ It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年不见了。‎ ‎10. However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而，几年以前，在他父亲死后，马丁的生活变得更困难了。‎ 本句中的dead意为“死的”，是形容词，表示“死的，无生命的”，常与be动词连用，指死的状态。‎ He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever.‎ 他虽然死了，但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。‎ Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。‎ 特别提示 die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。‎ ‎◎die意为“死亡，断气”，是终止性动词，指生命的结束，强调动作。‎ His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。‎ ‎◎dying是die的现在分词，通常作形容词使用，是“要死的”，“垂危的”，“濒临死亡的”的意思。‎ This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。‎ ‎◎death是die的名词，意为“死亡”。‎ It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death.‎ 当我想起我小狗的死亡时，我很难过。‎ ‎11. ...but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. (P16)……但是，令他惊奇的是，这次通话改变了他的人生。‎ 本句中的to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”，常常置于句首。其中to是“致使”的意思，后面接表示情感的名词，指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。‎ To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是，他考试不及格。‎ To everyone’s surprise, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是，金先生拒绝了。‎ 类似短语 to one’s joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴／惊恐／满意的是”。‎ 特别提示 in surprise意为“惊奇地”。‎ The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。‎ ‎“How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise.‎ ‎“你是怎么知道这件事的？”我吃惊地问。‎ ‎12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. (P16)她也告诉我，尽管我父亲不再和我们在一起了，他还是在观注着我们，并对我所做的一切好的事情感到骄傲。‎ ‎(1)even though意为“即使，纵然，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，可以与even if替换。‎ He won’t tell me about it even though (even if) he knows the news. ‎ 即使他知道这个消息，他也不会告诉我。‎ Even though (Even if) you aren’t lifting anything, your muscle gets tired. ‎ 即使没有举着什么东西，你的肌肉也会感到疲劳。‎ ‎(2)本句中的no longer可以与not...any longer替换，主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”，意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较，故多用于现在时。‎ You are no longer a child. (=You aren’t a child any longer.)‎ 你已不再是个孩子了。‎ 特别提示 ‎◎no longer一般修饰延续性动词，表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。‎ He no longer lives here. (=He doesn’t live here any longer.)‎ 他不再住在这里了。‎ ‎◎no more相当于not...any more，主要用来表示数量和程度，常常修饰短暂性动词，表示某动作不再重复发生。‎ The baby no more cried. (=The baby didn’t cry any more.) ‎ 这个小孩不再哭了。‎ He is no more a student. (=He isn’t a student any more.) ‎ 他不再是个学生了。‎ ‎(3)take pride in意为“对……感到自豪”，往往强调一时的行为，动作性较强。其中in是介词，后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。‎ The young man took pride in his work. 这年轻人以他的工作而自豪。‎ 特别提示 该短语中的pride是抽象名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。‎ ‎13. and didn’t give up trying to help him (P17)没有放弃努力帮他 本句中的give up意为“放弃，停止”，相当于stop doing sth,其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。‎ Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。‎ You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day.‎ 你一定不能放弃学习外语，哪怕是一天也不行。‎ ‎◎give up还可以表示“认输，投降”。‎ I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。告诉我答案吧。‎ 魔力纠错 吸烟对你的健康有害，所以你必须戒烟。‎ 误：Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give up it.‎ 正：Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give it up.‎ Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。‎ ‎(1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定，须将not提到主句。在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。‎ 特别提示 若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。‎ We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？‎ I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？‎ ‎(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers，意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”。‎ 知识拓展 数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有：‎ two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块‎60磅的石头 ‎(3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使……被做”，“请人做……”。‎ Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。‎ Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢？‎ ‎2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。‎ I agree. (P19)我同意。‎ ‎(1)agree意为“赞成，同意”，用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。‎ ‎—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？‎ ‎—I agree. 我同意。‎ I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。‎ Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？‎ 知识拓展 agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。‎ ‎◎agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。‎ We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。‎ Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？‎ ‎◎agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。‎ He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。‎ They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。‎ ‎◎agree on表示“（两人以上）就……取得一致意见，在……方面意见一致”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词，它可以与agree in doing sth替换。‎ They agreed on the plan.‎ ‎=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。‎ 特别提示 agree with也可以表示“某人适应（食物、气候等）”。‎ The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。‎ ‎(2)disagree是agree的反义词，相当于not agree。‎ ‎3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。‎ 本句中的instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。‎ I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。‎ We went to swim instead of playing basketball.‎ 我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。‎ 特别提示 副词instead和instead of意思相同，但用法却不同。instead意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译。‎ I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. ‎ 我没有去看电影，我去购物了。‎ The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. ‎ 这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。‎ ‎4. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。‎ ‎(1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的someone。‎ The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。‎ The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.‎ 访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大。‎ ‎(2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”，“不睡觉”的意思，相当于not go to bed。‎ He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。‎ She promised the children they could stay up for homework.‎ 她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。‎ ‎5. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾经担心过考试不及格吗？‎ fail表示考试“不及格”或“不通过”，相当于not pass。‎ I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想这次英语考试我可能不及格。‎ ‎6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母对青少年不应该要求太严格。‎ 形容词strict是“严格的”，“严厉的”的意思，对人严格时用介词with，对工作等严格时用介词in。‎ The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。‎ He is always strict in his work. 他总是对工作要求很严格。‎ ‎7. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天，我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度。‎ ‎(1)the other day表示“几天以前，不久前的一天”。‎ I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天，我在街上看到了他。‎ Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 几天以前我和李明去购物了。‎ ‎(3)本句中的get to意为“开始，着手”，后面接动词的-ing形式，表示“着手或开始做某事”。‎ We get to working after a short rest. 我们歇息了一会儿后就开始干起活来。‎ He got to wondering why he was in the job.‎ 他对自己为什么会从事这份工作感到诧异。‎ ‎8. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒，因此我们想穿自己的衣服。‎ ‎(1)形容词smart意为“聪明的，机敏的，精明的”，相当于clever。‎ The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。‎ He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。‎ ‎(2)would like意为“想要”，相当于want，后面接名词或动词不定式。‎ I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。‎ I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.‎ 我不想去看电影，我想呆在家里。‎ ‎◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”。‎ I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。‎ 特别提示 feel like也可以译为“想要”，有时可以与would like替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。‎ She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。‎ I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。‎ ‎9. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我们老师相信，如果我们那样做了，我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上。‎ ‎(1)believe是及物动词，意为“相信”，其后可跟名词或从句。‎ I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。‎ I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。‎ ‎◎believe in表示“信任”（即trust）。‎ She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。‎ ‎(2)在that if...的句中，that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句，而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句，we would...则是宾语从句中的主句。‎ We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.‎ 我们都确信，如果他们准时到的话，就不会被雨淋了。‎ ‎(3)动词concentrate常常构成concentrate(...)on sth，表示“专心致志（于某件事），精神集中，全神贯注（做某事）”。‎ I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。‎ We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。‎ ‎10. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)‎ 我知道我们有时很吵，但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。‎ ‎(1)本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。‎ We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。‎ He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。‎ ‎◎learn to do sth“学习，学会做某事”。‎ I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。‎ How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?‎ 比尔·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的？‎ 短语链语 learn of“听到”，“获悉”。‎ He learned of the accident just now. 他刚才听到事故的消息。‎ ‎(2)each other意为“互相”，通常指两者之间，在句中用作宾语、定语等；而one another意为“互相”，用来指两个以上的人或事物的相互关系。‎ You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。‎ The two girls often help each other in their lessons. ‎ 这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助。‎ 特别提示 在现代英语中，each other和one another在用法上没有什么区别，一般认为each other多用于非正式文体；而one another多用于较正式文体。‎ ‎11. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天，我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。‎ ‎(1)本句中的volunteer是动词，表示“自愿做某事，当志愿者”等意思。‎ Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.‎ 战争爆发时，成千上万的人当了志愿兵。‎ We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。‎ 特别提示 volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人，志愿者”。‎ This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱，全是由志愿人员完成的。‎ ‎(2)local是形容词，意为“本地的，地方的”，在句中用作定语。‎ Following the national news we have the local news and weather. ‎ 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。‎ She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。‎ 特别提示 local用作名词时，通常用复数形式，意思是“本地人，当地人”。‎ The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。‎ ‎12. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。‎ ‎(1)本句中的reply意为“回答，应答”，一般只用作不及物动词，后面与to连用，表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。‎ He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。‎ How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢？‎ 特别提示 reply严格地说是经过深思熟虑后，一一答复对方的问题或观点，故当以answer表示像 answer the telephone这样一般性的应答时，不能用reply代替。‎ ‎(2)in your last newsletter是介词短语，在句中用作定语，修饰article。‎ ‎13. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. (P24)“我知道父母关心我，”他说。‎ 本句中的care about为及物动词短语，意为“关心，在乎，介意”，其后接名词或代词，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。‎ The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。‎ She didn’t care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。‎