人教版新目标英语9年级知识详解unit46

人教版新目标英语9年级知识详解unit46

人教版新目标英语9年级unit4-6‎ Unit 4 What would you do?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. What would you do if you won a million dollars? (P26)假如你赢了一百万美元，你将用它做什么？‎ 动词win和beat 都可以表示“赢，胜”，其区别是：前者后接比赛、奖品、名声、胜利、游戏、战役等；后者接人、队。‎ I was very glad when the boys won the relay race.‎ 男同学们赢得了接力赛跑，我非常高兴。‎ You beat me in the race, but I’ll beat you at tennis.‎ 赛跑你胜了我，但网球我要赢你。‎ 短语链语 win a battle打胜仗；win the war赢得战争；win a bet赌赢；win a match比赛获胜；win an election选举获胜。‎ ‎2. If I were you, I’d wear a shirt and tie. (P27) 如果我是你，我就穿衬衫戴领带。‎ tie在这里是名词，意为“领带，带子”等。‎ He wore a blue tie.他打着蓝色的领带。‎ 知识拓展 tie也可用作动词，表示“系”，“捆绑”，常与介词to连用，表示“把……系在……上”。特别注意tie的现在分词为tying。‎ He tied his dog to the fence. 他把狗拴在了栅栏上。‎ ‎3. If I were you, I’d be a little late. (P27) 如果我是你,我就晚点到。‎ a little可以作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词以及形容词和副词的比较级等，相当于a bit。‎ Try to help your mother a little. 设法帮你妈妈一点忙。‎ I feel a little better. 我感觉好一点了。‎ 特别提示 a little意为“一点，稍微”，既可作形容词，又可作名词。用作形容词时，表达肯定含义，后面接不可数名词。‎ Please give me a little water.请给我一点水。（形容词）‎ I know a little about that man.那个人的情况我知道一点。（名词）‎ 魔力解析 not a little和not a bit两者意义不同，前者意为“很多”,“不少”（=much），后者意为“一点也不”,“一点也没有”（=not at all）。‎ ‎4. What if everyone else brings a present? (P27)要是其他人都带了礼物该怎么办呢？‎ ‎(1)everyone else中的else用来修饰everyone，表示“其他的，别的”，它常放在疑问词或不定代词的后面。‎ Is there anything else? 有别的东西吗？‎ What else can you see? 你能看见别的什么东西吗？‎ 知识拓展 else还常与or连用，意思是“否则，要不然”。‎ You must pay ＄100 or else go to prison. 你必须付一百美元，否则就得去坐牢。‎ ‎(2)what if 表示“要是……又怎么样？”的意思，其结构相当于what would happen if...。‎ What if it rains when we can’t get under shelter?‎ 假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨可怎么办？‎ ‎5. Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble. (P28)噢，狗可能带来许多麻烦。‎ 名词trouble在这里意为“麻烦，烦恼，困难”。‎ I have some trouble in reading his handwriting. 我认他的笔迹有点难。‎ I am sorry to put you to so much trouble. 很抱歉这样麻烦你。‎ 短语链语 be in trouble “处于困境中”。‎ He is in trouble. Let’s help him. 他现在处于困境中，我们帮帮他吧。‎ ‎6. I’d introduce myself. (P29)我会作自我介绍。‎ 这里的introduce是动词，意为“介绍”，常用于introduce sb to sb句型中，表示“把某人介绍给某人”。‎ He introduced his father to the teacher. 他把他父亲介绍给老师。‎ I introduced myself to the class. 我向班上同学作了自我介绍。‎ ‎7. I’d invite him/her to have dinner at my house. (P29)我会邀请他/她到我家吃晚饭。‎ 动词invite在这里意为“邀请”，常用于invite sb to do sth句型，用来表示“邀请某人做某事”。‎ They invited us to go to Beijing. 他们邀请我们去北京。‎ They invited us to stay for the weekend. 他们邀请我们在他们家度周末。‎ ‎8. If you answered c for most questions, then you are probably pretty ‎ confident. (P30)如果你大部分问题的答案都是c, 那么你可能相当自信。‎ ‎(1)answer ...for questions意为“把问题回答成……”。‎ ‎(2)probably 表示“很可能，或许”，语气较强，是有几分根据的推测或判断，含有可能性较大的意味，常位于行为动词前，情态动词、助动词或be动词后，有时也位于句首。‎ He can probably tell us the truth. 他很可能会告诉我们实情。‎ ‎(3)confident是形容词，其名词为confidence，常用句型：have confidence in sb表示“信任/信赖某人”。‎ I have complete confidence in him. 我完全信任他。‎ ‎(4)pretty在这里作副词用，相当于very,可用来修饰形容词或副词，意为“相当地”，表示程度。如：pretty beautiful很美；pretty well相当好。‎ I’m pretty sure he will come on time. 我很确信他会准时来。‎ The homework you did yesterday is pretty poor, you’d better do it once more.你昨天的作业做得相当糟，你最好重做。‎ ‎9. Social situations don’t bother you in the slightest. (P30)社会环境一点儿也不会影响你。‎ 本句中的bother是“打扰，扰乱”的意思，相当于disturb。‎ He’s busy. Don’t bother him. 他很忙，别打扰他。‎ I’m sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time? 很抱歉打扰了，你能告诉我几点了吗？‎ ‎10. Sometimes you might annoy people because you’re so confident. (P30)有时候因为你太自信可能惹恼其他人。‎ 动词annoy是“使烦恼，使生气，打搅”的意思。‎ He annoyed to learn that he would not be able to catch the train.‎ 听说赶不上火车,他心里感到烦恼。‎ ‎11. You have plenty of friends and you enjoy the company of other people. (P30)你有很多朋友，而且还喜欢同他人在一起。‎ 本句中的plenty通常用作名词，意为“充足”，“大量”。‎ ‎—Have you enough money for the ticket? 你买票的钱够吗？‎ ‎—Yes, I have plenty.够，我的钱足够了。‎ ‎◎plenty与of构成固定词组，意为“很多的”，“大量的”，既可以修饰可数名词的复数形式，也可以修饰不可数名词。“plenty of+名词”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的数由plenty of后面的名词的数决定。‎ There are plenty of books on the desk.桌上有许多书。‎ Don’t worry. There is plenty of time.别着急，时间很充裕。‎ ‎12. Your friends would probably say that you are easy to get along with. (P30)你的朋友或许说你很容易相处。‎ get on/along with sb都可表示“与某人相处”，在with前可以加副词，表示“相处得如何”。如：当表示“和某人相处融洽”时可用get on/along well with sb。‎ 特别提示 get on/along with sth后面接事或物时，表示“（某事）进展，进行”之意。‎ ‎—How are you getting on with your studies? 你的功课学得怎样？‎ ‎—I’m getting along very well with my studies. 我功课学得很好。‎ ‎13. You like talking to one or two people rather than to a group. (P30)你喜欢跟一两个人说话,而不喜欢跟一群人说话。‎ 本句中的rather than相当于instead of，表示“不愿，不要，不是”之意，常用来连接两个并列的句子成分。‎ I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee. ‎ 我想要一杯冷饮料而不是咖啡。‎ He ran rather than walked to school. 他跑步去上学而不是步行。‎ 特别提示 rather than还可以用在“prefer+动词不定式”的后面，后接另一动词不定式（to要省略）。‎ I prefer to read rather than do nothing. ‎ 我宁愿看书也不愿无所事事。‎ 魔力纠错 我喜欢苹果，而不喜欢梨。‎ 误：I prefer apples to rather than pears.‎ 正：I prefer apples to pears.‎ 魔力解析 ‎“prefer+名词/动名词+to+名词/动名词”结构本身就含有比较之意，所以不能使用rather than短语。‎ 知识拓展 would/had rather...than...常用来表示主观上的的抉择。‎ I would/had rather join you in research work than go on holiday to the seaside.我宁愿和你们一起参加科研工作，也不愿到海边度假。‎ The shy girl would/had rather work at home than go to a party. ‎ 这个腼腆的女孩宁愿在家干活，也不愿去参加晚会。‎ ‎14. ...but you always come up with good solutions to people’s problems.(P31)……但是你总能想出好方法来解决人们的问题。‎ come up with在本句中是“提出，想出”的意思，相当于find or produce (an answer)。‎ The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Jim came up with a good answer.老师提问了一个难题，但是最后吉姆想出了一个好方法。‎ He couldn’t come up with an answer when I asked him why he was late.‎ 当我问他为什么迟到的时候，他想不出一个理由来。‎ 特别提示 come up with也可意为“赶上，追上”，与catch up with同义。‎ We shall have to work hard to come up with them. ‎ 我们要努力工作，赶上他们。‎ ‎15. His new book What Would You Do If...? came out last month. (P32) 他的新书《如果……你该怎么办?》上个月出版了。‎ 本句中的come out意为“出版，发表”，其中out是副词。‎ When will Shui Mu Nian Hua’s new recording come out? ‎ 水木年华的新唱片什么时候发行？‎ The new textbooks will come out at the end of this month. We need to wait. 新课本这个月底就要出版了。我们需要等一等。‎ ‎◎come out还可以表示“出来”;“（花）开放”之意。‎ The sun is coming out. 太阳就要出来了。‎ The flowers begin to come out in spring. 春天花儿开始开放。‎ ‎16. And if it hurt for more than a few days, I’d see a doctor.（P32）但是如果它疼了好几天，我就会去看医生。‎ 这里的over和more than都是“多于……，超过……”的意思，两者常可替换。‎ There were over/more than 100 people at the party.‎ 有一百多人参加了晚会。‎ Unit 5 It must belong to Carla 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. It must belong to Carla.(P34)它肯定是卡拉的。‎ belong to是“属于”的意思，后面常接人，这时句子的主语习惯是用物件名词或代词来充当。‎ This cell phone belongs to me. 这个手机是我的。‎ ‎◎belong to常与物主代词进行句型替换。‎ These books belong to me.‎=These books are mine.这些书属于我的。‎ ‎2. He was the only little kid at the picnic. (P34)他是野餐中惟一的小孩。‎ 副词only一般放在它所修饰的词之前。它在句中的位置不同，句意也不同，大家千万要留意啊！‎ Only Tom drives the new car on Sunday.‎ 只有汤姆在星期日开新车。（强调“只有汤姆而没有其他人”。）‎ Tom only drives the new car on Sunday.‎ 汤姆在星期日只是开新车。（强调“只是开车而不干其他事”。）‎ Tom drives only the new car on Sunday.‎ 汤姆在星期日只开新车。（强调“只开新车而不开旧车”。）‎ Tom drives the new car only on Sunday.‎ 汤姆仅在星期日开新车。（强调“只在星期日而不在其他日子”。）‎ ‎3. I dropped it during the concert so it might still be in the symphony hall. (P36)音乐会期间我把它弄丢了，因此，它可能还在交响乐大厅里。‎ drop在此处用作及物动词，是“使落下”的意思，表示无意或故意掉下某一物体。‎ The Class Two runner dropped his stick on the ground.‎ 二班的运动员把接力棒掉在了地上。‎ He dropped the letter into the mailbox. 他把信投入信箱。‎ ‎◎drop还可用作不及物动词，后面不接宾语，表示“掉下，落下”之意。‎ The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. 苹果从树上掉到地上。‎ The kite dropped into a very tall tree. 风筝落在了一棵大树上。‎ ‎◎drop作动词时，还有“放弃，不再干”的意思，与give up同义。‎ Don’t drop English. It’s very useful. 不要放弃英语，它非常有用。‎ Let’s drop that subject and discuss something else.‎ 让我们放弃这个题目，谈点别的吧。‎ 特别提示 drop作名词时，是“滴，少量”;“下降，下落”的意思。‎ ‎—Would you like some more tea? 想再喝点茶吗？‎ ‎—Just a drop, please. 请给一点。‎ There was a sudden drop in the temperature. 气温突然下降。‎ ‎4. I tried to call you but your mom said you were still at your optometrist appointment. (P36)我设法给你打电话，可你的妈妈说你还在如约验光配眼镜呢。‎ ‎(1)appointment是“约会;指定”的意思，其中-ment是名词后缀。‎ move移动—movement移动 agree同意—agreement同意 achieve完成—achievement成绩，成就 improve改善—improvement改进 ‎(2)try to do sth 表示“设法/努力/企图做某事”。‎ I tried to get there at seven, but I was late. ‎ 我设法7点到达那里，但还是迟到了。‎ People are trying to solve the problem of water shortage.‎ 人们正设法解决缺水的问题。‎ ‎◎try doing sth表示“试着做某事”。‎ Try knocking at the back door if nobody hears you at the front door.‎ 如果前门没有人听到，你就试试敲后门。‎ Why not try doing the maths problem in other ways?‎ 为什么不试试用别的办法做这道数学题呢？‎ ‎5. I really need it because I have a math test on algebra tomorrow. (P36)我真的需要它，因为明天我有一场代数考试。‎ on 在此处是“关于”的意思，此外about也有“关于，有关”的意思，一般可通用，但on更正式。有关学术性的，可供研究的文章、演讲、专著等常用on，一般不用about。比较下列句子：‎ He is reading a book about stars.‎ 他正在读一本关于星辰的书。（也许是一本关于星辰的故事书）‎ Mr Li wanted to borrow a book on stars.‎ 李先生想借一本关于恒星的书。（也许是有关恒星的学术性专著）‎ ‎6. It’s crucial that I study for it because it counts 30% to the final exam. (P36)我复习应对的这次考试很重要，因为它占期末考试的30%。‎ ‎(1)It’s crucial that I study for it...是一个由that引导的主语从句。主语从句可以直接放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。‎ That light travels in straight lines is known to all.‎ ‎=It’s known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知，光沿直线传播。‎ 魔力纠错 他要的东西是一本书。‎ 误：It is a book what he wants.‎ 正：What he wants is a book.‎ 魔力解析 what引导的主语从句一般不用it作形式主语的结构。‎ ‎(2) count 表示“算入，计算在内”，习惯上按顺序计数，相加得出结果，也可指“算入”，或“包含在内”的意思，后面可以接宾语。‎ Don’t forget to count your change. 别忘了数一数你的零钱。‎ 特别提示 连词because意为“因为”时，常用来引导原因状语从句；后面不能加名词或代词。‎ Because it was too hot, we could not drink the milk. 牛奶太烫，我们喝不下去。‎ He isn’t coming because he is very busy. 他不来了，因为他很忙。‎ ‎7. The earrings might be a present for his mother. (P36)耳环可能是他给他妈妈的礼物。‎ 介词for在这里表示“为”，“给”。‎ Can I do something for you? 我能为你做些什么吗？‎ 知识拓展 下面我们再看看for的其他用法：‎ ‎◎表示“当作”，“作为”。‎ I’d like some bread and milk for breakfast. 早饭我想要些面包、牛奶。‎ ‎◎表示动作的对象或接受者，意为“就……而言”，“对……来说”。‎ It’s important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说很重要。‎ ‎◎表示理由或原因，意为“因为”,“由于”。‎ Thank you for teaching us so well. 谢谢你把我们教得这么好。‎ ‎◎表示去向、目标，意为“向，往；取；买”等。‎ I came here for my schoolbag. 我来这儿取我的书包。‎ ‎◎表示时间、距离，意为“计，达”。‎ She has been an English teacher for seven years.她当一名英文老师有七年了。‎ ‎◎表示与具体条件作比较，意为“比起来”，“就……来看”。‎ It’s rather hot for May. 对于五月来说，这已相当热了。‎ ‎8. The UFO is landing. (P37)那个不明飞行物正在着陆。‎ ‎(1)UFO是Unidentified Flying Object的首字母缩写形式，意为“不明飞行物”。‎ ‎(2)此句中的land是不及物动词，主要指“（从空中）降落，落下”，也可指从船上“登陆；卸下”。‎ The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆了。‎ The ship landed the goods at Bombay. 那船在孟买卸了货。‎ ‎9. He might be running to catch a bus. (P37)他可能正跑着去赶公共汽车呢。‎ ‎(1)might be running属于“情态动词+行为动词的进行式（即情态动词+be+v-ing形式）”结构，表示推测某动作现在是否正在进行。‎ He might be sleeping at home now. 他现在可能在家里睡觉呢。‎ ‎(2)catch a bus“赶班车”，其中的catch含有“匆忙”的意思，可以用take替换。‎ Please hurry up, or we can’t catch the first bus.‎ 请快点，否则赶不上早班车了。‎ ‎10. However, these days, strange things are happening in our neighborhood and everyone is unhappy. (P38)但是这些天，我们街坊发生了一些奇怪的事情，这使得每个人都不开心。‎ happen是不及物动词，意为“发生”，其主语一般为事，而不能是人，且不能用于被动语态。‎ This accident happened at the corner. 事故发生在拐角处。‎ ‎◎表示“……发生了什么事”应用sth happens/happened to+名词/代词。‎ Something has happened to the train. 火车出事故了。‎ 知识拓展 happen表示“碰巧”之意时，其主语可以是人，后面常跟动词不定式。‎ Last Sunday I happened to meet one of my old friends in the street.‎ 上星期天我在街上碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。‎ I happened to be there when the fire started.大火发生时我碰巧在那儿。‎ ‎◎happen表示“碰巧”时，还可用于It happens/happened that...结构，这种结构可与上述结构互换。‎ It happened that the famous actor was her brother.‎ ‎=The famous actor happened to be her brother.‎ 那个著名的演员碰巧是她哥哥。‎ 特别提示 take place意为“发生”时，常指有计划安排的事情的发生与进行，不含偶然的意味。‎ When will the wedding take place? 婚礼什么时候举行？‎ ‎11. When he was interviewed by the local newspaper... (P38)当地的报纸采访他时……‎ ‎(1)was interviewed是一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为：was/were+及物动词的过去分词。‎ The PLA was founded on August 1, 1927‎.‎ 中国人民解放军创建于‎1927年8月1日。‎ ‎(2)interview在这里作动词，是“接见，采访，会晤”的意思。‎ The newspaper reporters interviewed the minister.‎ 报界记者采访了这位部长。‎ ‎12. ...but they can’t find anything strange. (P38)……但他们找不到任何奇怪的东西。‎ something, anything, nothing等不定代词用形容词修饰时，要把形容词放在代词后面，这与形容词放在名词前作定语的汉语规则正好相反。‎ I gave my sister a new bike for her birthday.‎ 我送给我妹妹一辆新自行车作生日礼物。‎ There is nothing new in the newspaper. 报纸上没有新消息。‎ ‎13. I don’t think so! (P38)我认为不是这样。‎ 这句话常用于表示不同意对方的意见或观点等，也可以说“I think not.”其肯定形式是“I think so.”（我认为是这样的。）表示肯定对方的意见。‎ ‎— Look at the cloud, it will be rainy soon. ‎ 看天上的云彩，很快就要下雨了。‎ ‎— I don’t think so. I think it will be sunny soon. ‎ 我看不会的，我想很快就会天晴的。‎ ‎—Whose pen is this? Is it Li Ming’s? 这是谁的钢笔？是李明的吗？‎ ‎—I think so. 我想是的。‎ 类似句型 I hope so. 我希望是这样的。/I hope not. 我希望不是这样。‎ I’m afraid so. 恐怕如此。/I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。‎ ‎14. There must be something visiting the homes in our neighborhood... (P38) 肯定有什么东西光顾我们的街坊的各家了……‎ ‎(1)visiting the homes是现在分词短语作定语。单个的现在分词作前置定语，现在分词短语作后置定语。‎ He often helps his working mother at home. 他经常帮助妈妈在家中工作。‎ Who is the lady standing by the door? 站在门口的那位女士是谁？‎ ‎(2)neighborhood表示“地区；某地区的人；与某处相邻的地区”。‎ The whole neighborhood likes her a lot. 邻近的人都非常喜欢她。‎ We live in a rather rich neighborhood. 我们住在一个相当富裕的住宅区。‎ ‎15. Maybe it means you’re afraid of too much homework! (P38)也许那意味着你害怕有太多的家庭作业！‎ 本句中的too much是形容词词组，用来修饰不可数名词homework，意为“太多”，其中心词是much，副词too修饰much，以加强语气。‎ I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice.‎ 我不喜欢冬天，因为有太多冰雪。‎ People don’t need to spend too much money.人们不需要花太多的钱。‎ 特别提示 much too的含义是“（实在）太……”，它常用作副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，much用来加强语气，修饰too，表示“太”，“过于”。‎ This job is much too heavy for so young a boy.‎ 这项工作对这么小的男孩实在太重了。‎ He spent too much time on computer games. 他玩电脑游戏的时间太多了。‎ ‎16. Don’t let yesterday use up too much of today. (P39)不要让昨天占去了今天太多的时间 (昨天的事昨天做,今天还有今天事)。‎ use up是“消耗，用尽”的意思。‎ We used up the money and could not go back home.‎ 我们把钱用完了，回不了家了。‎ The ink has been used up. 墨水用完了。‎ ‎17. He who would do great things should not attempt them all alone. (P39) 做大事的人不应该孤军奋战。‎ ‎(1)who would do great things是一个定语从句，引导词是who。主句中的should是情态动词，意思是“应该”。‎ We should help each other when we meet trouble.‎ 当我们遇到麻烦时，应该互相帮助。‎ ‎(2)动词attempt的意思是“尝试，企图”，后面可接动词不定式，有时也接动名词。‎ He attempted to climb the mountain. 他试图爬上这座山。‎ I attempted walking until I fell over. 跌倒之前我都在试着行走。‎ 特别提示 lonely意为“单独的，独自的”，在句中用作定语或表语，指人孤独寂寞或指地方荒芜人烟、偏僻遥远，带有浓厚的感情色彩。‎ He lives alone, but he doesn’t feel lonely. 他一个人住，但并不感到孤独。‎ My father was born in a lonely mountain village. 我父亲出生于一个偏僻的山村。‎ Unit 6 I like music that I can dance to.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. I prefer music that has great lyrics. (P44)我更喜欢有好歌词的音乐。‎ prefer是及物动词，意为“宁愿，更喜欢”，相当于like better。‎ Which do you prefer(=like better), rice or bread? ‎ 你比较喜欢哪一样，米饭还是面包？‎ 句型拓展 ‎◎prefer sb to do sth 表示“宁愿某人做某事”。‎ They preferred their son to go to the countryside.他们宁可让儿子去农村。‎ ‎◎prefer+(doing) sth+to (doing) sth表示“宁愿……而不愿……”。‎ I prefer pears to any other fruit. 我喜欢梨胜过其他的水果。‎ My grandma prefers taking a walk to sitting in front of the TV.‎ 我奶奶宁愿去散步而不愿看电视。‎ ‎◎prefer to do sth+rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……而不愿做……”。‎ My brother preferred to do his homework rather than go to the zoo.‎ 我的弟弟宁愿做作业而不愿去动物园。‎ ‎2. I like music that I can dance to.(P44)我喜欢能伴舞的音乐。‎ dance to是“跟着跳舞”的意思。‎ They danced to the disco music. 他们跟着迪斯科音乐跳舞。‎ ‎3. The music reminds me of Brazilian dance music.(P46)这音乐使我回想起巴西的舞蹈音乐。‎ remind sb of sb/sth表示“使某人回想起某人/某物”。‎ This song reminds me of China. 这首歌曲使我想起了中国。‎ Thank you for reminding me of the meeting I have to attend.‎ 谢谢你提醒我去开那个必须参加的会。‎ ‎4. What do you think of it? (P46)你认为它怎么样？‎ think of和what连用，表示“觉得……怎样”，“认为……如何”，常用来询问对方对某人或某一事物的看法、感受、印象如何，相当于How do you like...?‎ What do you think of the story?=How do you like the story?‎ 你觉得这个故事怎么样？‎ 短语链语 ‎◎think highly of... “对……评价高”。‎ We think highly of their research in the field.‎ 我们对他们在这领域里的研究评价很高。‎ ‎◎think ill of... “对……评价不好”。‎ Don’t think ill of him. 不要把他想得太坏。‎ ‎5. I can’t stand music that.... (P46)我不能忍受……音乐。‎ 动词stand在这里表示“忍受，经受”。‎ I can’t stand the fellow. 我不能忍受那家伙。‎ Can you stand the pain? 你受得了这疼痛吗？‎ ‎6. It does have a few good features, though. (P48)可是，它的确有一些好的特色。‎ 助动词does在本句中表示强调，说明我们对正在讨论的事感情强烈，does要重读，后面接动词原形。‎ You do look nice today. 你今天看起来真是漂亮。‎ She does talk a lot, doesn’t she? 她的确爱说话，不是吗？‎ 知识拓展 ‎◎助动词does可用在肯定句中，避免重复前面已经用过的某个动词。‎ She said she’d help me and she did. 她说她将帮助我，她也是这样做的。‎ ‎◎祈使句中用do可以使邀请的口气更加客气、热情或友好。‎ Do sit down! 请坐！‎ ‎7. ... and some of her best loved photos are on display in this exhibition. (P48)……她的部分深受好评的摄影照片也在这次展览会上展出。‎ 本句中的on display表示“展出，陈列”，与on show同义。‎ They saw many old things on display (=on show).‎ 他们看到许多展出的文物。‎ New spring suits are on display (=on show) in the shop window.‎ 商店橱窗陈列着新式春装。‎ ‎8. ...they don’t interest me as much. (P48)……它们同样唤不起我的兴趣。‎ ‎(1)interest 作动词时，表示“使发生兴趣，引起注意”。‎ The story does not interest me. 这故事引不起我的兴趣。‎ I try to interest him in our plan. 我设法使他对我们的计划感兴趣。‎ ‎◎interest sb in doing sth He tried to interest me in buying the house. 他想说服我买这座房子。‎ ‎（2）as much在句中表示“同样地，同等程度地”。‎ That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那无异于说我撒谎了。‎ ‎9. Whatever you do, don’t miss this exhibition. (P48)无论如何都别错过这次展览。‎ whatever在这里是连接代词，意为“任何的事物”、“无论什么”、“无论什么样的”等，是由“疑问词+ever”构成的。 ‎ Whatever has a beginning also has an end. 凡事有始必有终。‎ Whatever you do, you should always do carefully.‎ 不管做什么，你都应该认真。‎ 知识拓展 类似的词还有whenever, wherever, however, whoever，分别是“无论什么时候”、“无论在哪里”、“无论什么方式”、“无论谁”的意思。‎ Whenever I meet him, he says hello to me with a smile.‎ 无论什么时候我遇到他，他都微笑着和我打招呼。‎ The little boy went wherever his mother went.‎ 不论他妈妈去哪儿，这个小男孩都跟着。‎ In my own house, I can do whatever I wish. 在自己家中，我可以随心所欲。‎ Uncle Tom told his story to whoever wanted to listen.‎ 谁爱听，汤姆叔叔就把他的故事讲给谁。‎ ‎10. ...I’m lucky to be here for my six-month English course. (P49)……我很幸运在这里上6个月的英语课。‎ six-month是由数词加名词构成的复合形容词，中间用连字符连接起来作定语修饰后面的名词。‎ a two-month holiday=two months’ holiday =a holiday of two months 两个月的假期 a twenty-floor building =a building of twenty floors 一座二十层的楼 魔力纠错 房间里有两个18岁大的男孩。‎ 误：There are two 18-years-old boys in the room.‎ 正：There are two 18-year-old boys in the room.‎ 魔力解析 注意：连字符后紧跟的名词必须用单数。‎ ‎11. I prefer quiet, traditional music so the concert suited me just fine. (P49)我更愿意听安静的传统的音乐，因此音乐会更适合我的胃口。‎ ‎(1)quiet 表示“平静的，宁静的”，是一个常用词。‎ This is a quiet street. 这是一条宁静的街道。‎ ‎(2)suit 表示“适合，合适，相称”，后面既可以接宾语，也可以不接宾语。‎ The dress suits well. 这衣服很合身。‎ The dress suits me well. 这衣服很合我身。‎ ‎12. My host family is taking me over to an Indian film festival next weekend. (P49)我的房东一家下周末将带我去参加一个印度电影节。‎ host 的意思是“主人，东道主（可数）”；host family则是指 “房东家”，表示“所借住的人家”。‎ China‎ is the host country for the 2008 Olympic Games.‎ 中国是2008年奥运会的东道主。‎ 特别提示 在英语中，“女主人”常用hostess表示。‎ A good hostess makes her guests comfortable. ‎ 一个好的女主人使她的客人十分舒适。‎ ‎13. I’m not sure what to expect because I’ve never seen an Indian film. (P49)我没有抱多大的指望，因为我从未看过印度电影。‎ expect是及物动词，意为“期待，盼望”，其后面常跟动词不定式、从句等。‎ She expects to come back on Sunday. 她预计星期天回来。‎ I expect that I’ll finish my homework in 10 minutes.‎ 我预计10分钟后就能做完作业。‎ 特别提示 expect的后面还可以跟复合宾语。‎ What do you expect me to say to the teacher? 你希望我和老师说些什么？‎ ‎14. People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers, shouldn’t they? (P50)饮食平衡的人比仅吃饼干和汉堡包的人更健康，不是吗？‎ 本句中的diet意为“饮食，食物”，指的是习惯上吃的食物或规定要吃的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物，如病人的疗养饮食。‎ Proper diet and exercise are both important to health. ‎ 适当的饮食和锻炼对健康都很重要。‎ The doctor has ordered me a special diet. 医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。人教版新目标英语九年级unit1-3‎ Unit 1 How do you study for a test?‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. by asking the teacher for help（P2）通过向老师寻求帮助 ‎(1)“ask+sb+for+名词”意为“向某人请求……”;“向某人要求……”。‎ They asked me for help.他们向我求助。‎ We asked our PE teacher for a football.我们请求体育老师给我们一个足球。‎ ‎(2)by作介词时，后接动词-ing形式，这是中考的重点，大家可不要忘记啊！‎ ‎◎“通过……的方式”。‎ Mr Green makes a living by teaching.格林先生以教书为生。‎ ‎◎“经过（某人/某物）”。‎ He went by the supermarket on his way to school.‎ 在去上学的路上，他经过那家超市。‎ ‎◎“在……旁边，在……附近”。‎ Li Lei sits by my side in the classroom.在教室里，李雷坐在我的旁边。‎ ‎◎“在……之前，不迟于……”。‎ I can finish doing my homework by six o’clock. 我能在6点之前做完作业。‎ ‎◎表示交通方式，意为“乘……”。‎ I usually go to school by bike. 我通常骑自行车去上学。‎ 特别提示 by作副词时，相当于near，意为“靠近”。‎ The thief stole the money when no one was by.当旁边无人的时候，小偷偷走了钱。‎ 短语链语 ‎◎by and by “不久”,“一会儿”。‎ It’s ‎12 o’clock now and we will go home by and by.‎ 现在12点了，过一会儿我们就要回家了。‎ ‎◎by the way “顺便说一下”。‎ By the way, I forgot to tell you the news. 哦，对了，我忘记告诉你那个消息了。‎ ‎2. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. (P4)他已经学了六年的英语，而且的确很喜欢它。‎ He’s是He has的缩写。这是一个现在完成进行时态的句子，由“助动词have/has+been+现在分词”构成，用来表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。请看：‎ Mr Green has been lying in bed for two weeks. 格林先生已经卧床两个星期了。‎ We have been teaching in this school for eight and a half years.‎ 我们在这所学校教书已经8年半了。‎ ‎3. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. (P4)她补充说，和朋友交谈一点帮助都没有。‎ ‎（1）add的常见意思为“增加，添上，加上”。在本句中表示在说完上面的话语后又添加一些话语，是“又说，补充说”的意思。‎ It will add to your troubles. 这将会给你们增添麻烦的。‎ Mr Smith added that he would be back soon. ‎ 史密斯先生补充说他很快就会回来。‎ ‎（2）at all与not, no, nothing, nobody, nowhere等表示否定意义的词连用，用来加强否定意义，表示“完全不，一点儿都不，丝毫不”的意思。‎ He doesn’t like swimming at all.他一点儿都不喜欢游泳。‎ There is nothing in the room at all.房间里面什么东西都没有。‎ ‎◎not at all单独使用时，用来回答对方的感谢或道歉，相当于That’ s all right, You’re welcome等。但是,You’re welcome主要用于美国英语中，而英国人则多用Not at all。‎ ‎—Thank you very much for your help.非常感谢你的帮助！‎ ‎—Not at all./That’ s all right./You’re welcome.别客气。‎ ‎4. We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese. (P4) 有些话题让我们兴奋不已 ，最后干脆说起汉语来。‎ ‎（1）be/get excited about意思是“对……感到兴奋”，其中about后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。‎ She got excited about it as soon as she heard the good news.‎ 她一听到那个好消息，就变得很兴奋。‎ Are you excited about going to Shanghai? 你对去上海感到兴奋吗？‎ 类似短语 be/get worried about “对……感到担心”，be amazed at“对……感到惊讶”，be pleased with“对……感到满意”。‎ ‎(2)excited表示某人对某物或某事“感到兴奋，激动”，主语常为人。‎ We were excited when we saw our team was winning.‎ 看到自己的球队要赢了，我们都十分激动。‎ 特别提示 exciting作“令人激动的”，“令人兴奋的”解时，常用来修饰物或事。‎ The football match we watched was very exciting.‎ 我们观看的那场足球赛非常激动人心。‎ ‎（3）end up意为“达到某状态或采取某行动，以……结束或告终”，后面接动词-ing形式。‎ He ended up running a firm. 他最终经营了一家公司。‎ 类似短语 finish up“完成”, eat up“吃光”, burn up“烧光”。‎ ‎5. Maybe you should join an English language club. (P5)也许你应该参加某个英语俱乐部。‎ ‎(1)maybe和may be虽然写法相似，意思也相似，但是用法区别很大。maybe是副词，意为“也许，可能”，用作状语；may be意为“也许是，可能是”，may是情态动词，与be一起作谓语。‎ Maybe you put it there. 也许你把它放在那里了。‎ But I’m afraid I may be a little late. 但恐怕我可能是晚了一点。‎ ‎(2)join意为“参加，加入”，主要指参加、加入某党派、团体，成为一员，后面也可跟us, them, the young people等表示一群人的词或词组；而 take part in也意为“参加，加入”，指参加群众性的活动、会议、考试、竞赛等。‎ My brother joined the League two years ago. 我的哥哥两年前就入团了。‎ We are getting ready to take part in the speech contest.‎ 我们正准备参加这次演讲比赛。‎ ‎6. First of all, it wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher when she talked to the class. (P6)刚开始，当老师和全班学生说话的时候，她的话对我来说很难听懂。‎ ‎(1)短语first of all意为“首先，第一”，在句中作状语，强调首要的事情是什么，不一定用于列举，常用于first of all..., then..., at last...，使说明的层次更清楚。‎ First of all, I must finish my work. 首先，我必须完成我的工作。‎ First of all, I want to say that thank you for coming. ‎ 首先，我想说的是感谢你们的到来。‎ ‎7. To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (P6)刚开始，她讲得太快，我不能每个词都听懂。‎ 本句中的to begin with意为“首先,第一点（理由）”。‎ We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 我们不能去。首先是天气太冷了；再者，我们没有钱了。‎ ‎◎begin with意为“以……开始”，其后接动词时应用动词-ing形式。‎ The book begins with a story. 这本书是以一个故事开头。‎ The party began with dancing. 晚会是以舞蹈开头的。‎ ‎8. Later on, I realized that it doesn’t matter if you don’t understand every word. (P6)后来，我意识到即使不理解每个单词也没有关系。‎ later on是由later与on构成的固定词组，但在意思和用法上与later既有相同之处，也有区别的地方。‎ 特别提示 later与later on的用法 ‎◎later作副词用，意为“后来”，“以后”，往往以以前或现在的时间或事情为基准，因此，常用于一般过去时或一般将来时。‎ Later he learned how to repair television sets.后来他学会了修电视机。‎ The radio says the sun will come out later.广播说太阳过些时候就会出来。‎ ‎◎later常和一个表示时间的名词连用，构成“时间段+later”结构。‎ He came back a week later.一星期后他回来了。‎ 魔力纠错 两天后我再来拜访。‎ 误：I shall call again two days later.‎ 正：I shall call again in two days.‎ 魔力解析 ‎“时间段+later”不可用于从现在算起的若干时间以后。说“从（现在起）……之后”，应该用“in+时间段”。‎ ‎◎later on作副词短语使用，也是“后来”，“以后”的意思，有时可与later互换。‎ That happened later on/later.后来那件事发生了。‎ ‎◎later on只可单独使用，不能用于“时间段+later on”结构。‎ ‎9. It helped a lot. (P6)它很有帮助。‎ 在本句中a lot用作副词，表示“非常，相当”，等于very much。‎ Thanks a lot. = Thanks very much.多谢。‎ He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感觉好多了。‎ ‎◎a lot还可作“经常，常常”解，相当于often。‎ They use the recorder a lot in English class.在英语课上，他们常用录音机。‎ ‎◎a lot of=lots of，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，意为“许多”，相当于many或much。‎ There is a lot of(=lots of) homework to do.有许多作业要做。‎ 魔力纠错 她在穿上没有花很多钱。‎ 误：She doesn’t spend a lot of money on dresses.‎ 正：She doesn’t spend much money on dresses.‎ ‎10. I think that doing lots of listening practice is one of the secrets of becoming a good language learner. (P6) 我认为做大量的听力练习是成为一个好的语言学习者的秘诀之一。‎ ‎(1)该句是由that引导的宾语从句，当主句用一般现在时态时，从句可以用任意时态；当主句用过去时态时，从句则要用相应的过去时。‎ I hear that Mr Brown has been to Shanghai. 我听说布朗先生去过上海。‎ He said these answers were right. 他说这些答案是正确的。‎ ‎(2)one of意为“(……中的)一个”，其后接名词的复数形式，如有形容词修饰名词时，形容词要用最高级。‎ Mr Wang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.‎ 王老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。‎ ‎11. How do we deal with our problems? (P8)我们怎样处理我们的问题？‎ 本句中的deal with意为“处理，解决”，相当于do with，其主语通常是人或物。‎ I have many problems to deal with. 我有许多问题要解决。‎ ‎◎ deal with作“与……打交道”，“与……做买卖”解时，主语通常是人、公司、商店等。‎ My elder brother will deal with you later on. 我哥哥以后会来收拾你的。‎ 特别提示 deal in有时也可以表示“与……做买卖”，但后面跟具体的商品。‎ This shop deals in computers. 这家商店做电脑买卖。‎ ‎12. Most of us have probably been angry with our friends, parents or teachers. (P8)我们中的大部分人可能都生过我们的朋友、父母或老师的气。‎ 本句中的be angry with意为“对某人生气”，后面常跟人作宾语；当表示生气的原因时，可以加上for doing sth。‎ He was angry with me for not having done anything. ‎ 我什么也没有做，他为此很生气。‎ 特别提示 be angry at表示“因某事生气”，后面接表示言行的名词、代词或v-ing形式或从句作宾语。‎ He was rather angry at missing the bus.他因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。‎ He was angry at what I said. 他对我所说的感到生气。‎ ‎13. Time goes by, and good friendships may be lost. (P8)时间流逝，良好的友谊可能也就随之逝去了。‎ ‎(1)go by是不及物动词短语，意为“走过”，“（时间）消逝，流逝”。‎ Two weeks went by. 两周过去了。‎ ‎(2)lost是lose的过去分词。lose意为“丢失，失去”时，语气较强，一般指失去不易找回。‎ The man lost a leg in the war. 那个人在战争中失去了一条腿。‎ 知识拓展 miss意为“丢失，失去”时，指东西或人丢失了，但有找到的希望。‎ She missed her child in the street. 她在街上把孩子丢了。‎ ‎◎miss可以表示“想念”的意思，而lose则不能。‎ We shall all miss you when you are away. 你不在时我们都会想念你的。‎ 特别提示 作定语或表语时，lose用过去分词形式，miss用现在分词形式。‎ Who has found my lost pen? 谁找到了我丢失的钢笔？‎ They set out to look for the missing girl at once. ‎ 他们立即出发去寻找丢失的女孩。‎ Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. Over here! Don’t you remember me? (P11)过来！你不记得我了吗？‎ ‎(1)over here相当于come over here，意为“过来”。‎ ‎(2) remember的反义词是forget，两者用法相同，后面可跟名词，动名词或动词不定式。‎ ‎◎remember/forget doing sth表示“记得/忘记做过某事”，强调事情已经做了。‎ I remember posting your letter. 我记得替你寄过信了。‎ They forget locking the door. 他们忘记锁过门了。‎ ‎◎remember/forget to do sth表示“记得/忘记去做某事”，强调事情还未做。‎ I remember to post your letter. 我记得替你寄信。‎ They forget to lock the door. 他们忘了锁门。‎ ‎2. You’re Paula, aren’t you? (P11)你是波拉，对吗？‎ 这是一个反意疑问句，表示说话人提出某种情况或看法，询问对方是否同意。‎ 知识拓展 反意疑问句主要有以下几种类型：‎ ‎(1)主句为肯定陈述句时，附加疑问句为：系动词/情态动词/助动词的否定（缩写）形式+主语。‎ The girl went to school late yesterday, didn’t she?‎ 昨天那个女孩上学迟到了，是吗？‎ ‎(2)主句为否定陈述句（包括肯定形式中有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, nobody等否定意义的词）时，附加疑问句为：系动词/情态动词/助动词的肯定形式+主语。‎ You have never been to Beijing, have you? 你没有去过北京，是吗？‎ ‎(3)主句为祈使句时，附加疑问句为：will或shall+主语。‎ Open the window, will you? 打开窗户，好吗？‎ Let’s go to school, shall we? 我们上学去吧，好吗？‎ ‎3. Wow! People sure change. (P11)哇！人确实是会变的。‎ 句中的sure用作副词，意为“确实”，“无疑”。sure一词更常见于以下用法和句型：‎ ‎◎表示“可以”，“当然”，“没问题”，常用来答应他人的请求，相当于 Yes./OK./Great./Certainly./Of course.‎ ‎—Did you have a good trip?旅途愉快吗？‎ ‎—Sure./Of course.当然。‎ ‎—Would you like to go with us?愿意和我们一起去吗？‎ ‎—Sure./Certainly.好啊。‎ ‎◎be sure about/of意为“确信，对……有把握”，后接名词，代词或v-ing形式，表示对客观事物有肯定的认识和判断，主语必须是人。‎ I’m sure of passing the examination.我相信我会通过考试。‎ He lives in this building but I’m not sure about the room number.‎ 他住在这栋楼里，但是房间号码我不太清楚。‎ ‎◎be sure to意为“一定”，“肯定”，后接不定式，往往表示局外人的推测、评论，主语不一定是人。‎ It’s sure to rain tomorrow.明天一定会下雨。‎ She is sure to understand much more than before.她一定比以前懂得更多了。‎ 试比较下面两句：‎ The old woman is sure to live to more than ninety.‎ 这位老太太肯定可以活到九十多岁。‎ The old woman is sure of living to more than ninety.‎ 这位老太太相信自己可以活到九十多岁。‎ ‎◎be sure to 用于祈使句时，是“务必”，“切望”的意思。‎ Be sure to review the text after class.课后务必复习课文。‎ Be sure to come tomorrow，everyone.大家明天一定要来。‎ ‎◎be sure接that从句时，意为“认为……一定会”，主语必须是人，连词that可以省略。be sure后面还可以接由whether， where, when或who等引导的名词性从句，这时主句通常是否定形式。‎ I’m not sure whether I can come tomorrow.我明天是否能来还说不准。‎ I’m sure that I can run faster than you.我确信我比你跑得快。‎ ‎4. I’m terrified of the dark. (P12) 我十分怕黑。‎ terrified为形容词，意为“受惊吓的，恐惧的”，表示“害怕……, 恐惧……”，固定用法be terrified of相当于be afraid of。‎ I’m terrified of being at home by myself. 我很害怕独自呆在家。‎ 特别提示 terrified的动词形式为terrify，表示“使害怕”，“使恐惧”。‎ There are several persons terrifying the little boy.‎ 有几个人正在恐吓那个小男孩。‎ ‎5. I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 我开着卧室的灯睡觉。‎ ‎(1)with my bedroom light on为介词短语，在句中用作状语，表示伴随情况。‎ He walked out of the room with his coat on. 他穿着外套走出了房间。‎ 知识拓展 ‎“with+名词+介词短语”结构也可用作状语，表示伴随情况。‎ The teacher came in with a book under his arm. ‎ 老师腋下夹着一本书走进教室。‎ The poor woman walked through the street with a baby on her back.‎ 那可怜的妇女背着一个婴儿，穿过了街道。‎ ‎(2)on在此处是形容词，意为“开着的，接通的”，常见的结构有：be/turn on。‎ ‎—Is the light on in the room? 屋里的灯开着吗？‎ ‎—No. It’s off. 不，关着呢。‎ Turn on the radio, please. I’ll listen to the weather report.‎ 请打开收音机，我要听天气预报。‎ ‎6. Before I started high school, I used to spend a lot of time playing games with my friends, but I just don’t have the time any more. (P14)在上高中之前，我常常花费大量时间和朋友们一起做游戏，但是如今我再也没有这样的时间了。‎ ‎(1)high school相当于middle school,意为“中学”，常指高中。‎ ‎(2)本句中的spend意为“花费”，常用来说明某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事，主语通常为人，常见的句子结构有两种：‎ ‎◎sb spends some money/time on sth She spends a lot of money on books. 她花很多钱买书。‎ ‎◎sb spends some money/time in doing sth，其中介词in可以省略。‎ They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat. 他们花了两个小时找那只猫。‎ 特别提示 take, pay与cost也可以表示“花费”：‎ ‎◎take意为“花费”，常用形式主语it，真正的主语是动词不定式，常见的句子结构有：‎ ‎“It takes （took）+时间/金钱+动词不定式”（表示“做某事花费了多少时间/金钱”）和“It takes+sb+时间/金钱+动词不定式”（“做某事花费了某人多少时间/金钱”）。‎ It’ll take only ten minutes to walk to the supermarket.‎ 只要十分钟，就可以走到那家超市。‎ It took Yang Liwei about 21 hours to circle the earth in his spaceship.‎ 乘宇宙飞船环绕地球大约花费了杨利伟21个小时。‎ ‎◎pay的基本意思是“支付”，主语是表示人的名词或代词，常与for连用。‎ How much did you pay for all these books? 这些书你是花多少钱买的？‎ ‎◎cost也可作“花费”解，其主语是“物”或“事”，常用于sth costs (sb) some money结构。‎ The dictionary cost me 40 yuan. 这本字典花了我40元钱。‎ ‎(3)not...any more意为“不再……”，相当于no more，一般用来表示动作或行为的不再发生或重复。‎ They don’t use animals to do farm work any more. ‎ 他们不再使用牲畜做农活了。‎ ‎7. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts. (P14) 现在，我根本没有时间去听音乐会。‎ ‎(1)本句中的these days意为“现在，目前，如今”，相当于nowadays, at present。‎ We are not poor any longer these days. 如今我们不再贫穷了。‎ They still remember that old saying these days. 现在他们仍然记得那句古谚语。‎ ‎(2)hardly用作副词，意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not，本身含有否定之意，修饰名词时，常和a或any连用。‎ I’m so tired that I can hardly walk any farther. 我太累了，简直不能再走下去了。‎ There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有一丝云彩。‎ 魔力纠错 他简直不知道说什么好，是吗？‎ 误：He hardly knows what to say, doesn’t he?‎ 正：He hardly knows what to say, does he?‎ 魔力解析 hardly本身含有否定意义，构成反意疑问句时，后半部分要用肯定形式。类似的词有few, little, never, none, nobody, nothing等。‎ 特别提示 hardly不是hard的副词形式，两者是完全不相关的两个词。‎ ‎8. Now, I don’t mind them. (P14)现在我不介意它们了。‎ 动词mind的基本含义是“介意，反对”，后面接名词或动名词。‎ He doesn’t mind closing the window. 他不介意关掉窗户。‎ 知识拓展 Would you mind doing...?句型常用来向别人提出请求，对方如果表示介意，就说“Yes”；如果表示不介意、不反对，应说“No, not at all./No, of course not.”。‎ ‎— Would you mind telling me how to remember English words?‎ 你介意告诉我如何记英语单词吗？‎ ‎—No, not at all. 不，不介意。‎ 特别提示 mind还可用作名词，表示“思想，主意”。‎ What do you make up your mind to be when you grow up?‎ 你长大以后立志要做什么？‎ 短语链语 never mind不要紧，不介意；keep in mind记住；make up one’s mind下决心，下决定；set up one’s mind to do sth立志做某事; change one’s mind改变主意。‎ ‎9. It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. (P15)俞梅似乎变化很大。‎ 动词seem是“看起来像”，“似乎”的意思，其常用的句型有：‎ ‎◎It seems+that 从句 It seems that he would never be able to work out the question.‎ 看来他好像永远无法解决那个问题。‎ ‎◎seem+形容词 Your father seems quite happy. 你的父亲看起来很高兴。‎ ‎◎seem+动词不定式 Li Fang seems to know everything.李芳好像什么都知道。‎ 特别提示 ‎“It seems+that 从句”通常可以转化成“名词/代词+seems+动词不定式短语”这一简单句型，如果动词不定式短语是“to be+形容词”，to be可以被省略。‎ It seems that his temperature is all right.‎ ‎=His temperature seems (to be) all right. 他的体温似乎很正常。‎ It seems that she doesn’t get on well with her classmates.‎ ‎=She doesn’t seem to get on well with her classmates. 她似乎与同学们相处的不好。‎ 短语链语 seem like...意为“似乎，好像”。‎ It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎好多年不见了。‎ ‎10. However, after his father’s death a few years ago, Martin’s life became much more difficult. (P16)然而，几年以前，在他父亲死后，马丁的生活变得更困难了。‎ 本句中的dead意为“死的”，是形容词，表示“死的，无生命的”，常与be动词连用，指死的状态。‎ He is dead, but his name will live in our hearts forever.‎ 他虽然死了，但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。‎ Her grandfather has been dead for more than two years. 她的爷爷去世两年多了。‎ 特别提示 die, dying, death也可以表示“死”。‎ ‎◎die意为“死亡，断气”，是终止性动词，指生命的结束，强调动作。‎ His mother died two years ago. 他的母亲两年前去世了。‎ ‎◎dying是die的现在分词，通常作形容词使用，是“要死的”，“垂危的”，“濒临死亡的”的意思。‎ This dog is dying. 这条狗快要死了。‎ ‎◎death是die的名词，意为“死亡”。‎ It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog’s death.‎ 当我想起我小狗的死亡时，我很难过。‎ ‎11. ...but to his surprise, this phone call changed his life. (P16)……但是，令他惊奇的是，这次通话改变了他的人生。‎ 本句中的to one’s surprise意为“令某人惊奇的是”，常常置于句首。其中to是“致使”的意思，后面接表示情感的名词，指一个事件使某人心中产生了某种情感。‎ To my surprise, he failed in the examination. 使我奇怪的是，他考试不及格。‎ To everyone’s surprise, Mr King refused. 使每个人感到惊奇的是，金先生拒绝了。‎ 类似短语 to one’s joy/horror/satisfaction“使人高兴／惊恐／满意的是”。‎ 特别提示 in surprise意为“惊奇地”。‎ The two men looked at each other in surprise. 那两个人惊奇地互相看着。‎ ‎“How did you come to know it?” I asked in surprise.‎ ‎“你是怎么知道这件事的？”我吃惊地问。‎ ‎12. She also told me that even though my father was no longer with us, he was watching me, and would always take pride in everything good I do. (P16)她也告诉我，尽管我父亲不再和我们在一起了，他还是在观注着我们，并对我所做的一切好的事情感到骄傲。‎ ‎(1)even though意为“即使，纵然，尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句，可以与even if替换。‎ He won’t tell me about it even though (even if) he knows the news. ‎ 即使他知道这个消息，他也不会告诉我。‎ Even though (Even if) you aren’t lifting anything, your muscle gets tired. ‎ 即使没有举着什么东西，你的肌肉也会感到疲劳。‎ ‎(2)本句中的no longer可以与not...any longer替换，主要用来表示时间或距离的“不再”，意在对现在的情况和过去的情况加以比较，故多用于现在时。‎ You are no longer a child. (=You aren’t a child any longer.)‎ 你已不再是个孩子了。‎ 特别提示 ‎◎no longer一般修饰延续性动词，表示某个动作或状态不再延续下去。‎ He no longer lives here. (=He doesn’t live here any longer.)‎ 他不再住在这里了。‎ ‎◎no more相当于not...any more，主要用来表示数量和程度，常常修饰短暂性动词，表示某动作不再重复发生。‎ The baby no more cried. (=The baby didn’t cry any more.) ‎ 这个小孩不再哭了。‎ He is no more a student. (=He isn’t a student any more.) ‎ 他不再是个学生了。‎ ‎(3)take pride in意为“对……感到自豪”，往往强调一时的行为，动作性较强。其中in是介词，后面接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式作宾语。‎ The young man took pride in his work. 这年轻人以他的工作而自豪。‎ 特别提示 该短语中的pride是抽象名词，意为“骄傲，自豪”。‎ ‎13. and didn’t give up trying to help him (P17)没有放弃努力帮他 本句中的give up意为“放弃，停止”，相当于stop doing sth,其后可接名词或动词的-ing形式。‎ Don’t give up halfway. 不要半途而废。‎ You mustn’t give up studying foreign languages for even a day.‎ 你一定不能放弃学习外语，哪怕是一天也不行。‎ ‎◎give up还可以表示“认输，投降”。‎ I give up. Tell me the answer. 我认输了。告诉我答案吧。‎ 魔力纠错 吸烟对你的健康有害，所以你必须戒烟。‎ 误：Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give up it.‎ 正：Smoking is bad for your health, so you must give it up.‎ Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.‎ 重点、难点、考点及疑点注释 ‎1. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. (P18)我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔。‎ ‎(1)当主句的主语是第一人称I或we，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等词时，其后的从句不能是含有not的否定句；若要否定，须将not提到主句。在翻译时，按汉语习惯译作否定从句。例如：“我想他不会给你打电话的”应译为I don’t think he will give you a call而不是I think he won’t give you a call。‎ 特别提示 若把此类句式变成反意疑问句，其助动词及主语要根据从句确定，而肯定/否定则要根据主句来确定。‎ We think you can help him, can’t you? 我们认为你能帮助他，不是吗？‎ I don’t think he is a good student, is he? 我认为他不是个好学生，对吗？‎ ‎(2)本句中的twelve-year-olds相当于twelve-year-old teenagers，意为“12岁的孩子/年轻人”。‎ 知识拓展 数词和一个相应的名词单数用“-”连接起来，可以构成一个合成形容词。常见的还有：‎ two-month holiday 两个月的假期 a sixty-pound stone 一块‎60磅的石头 ‎(3)get their ears pierced属于“get+名词/代词+动词的过去分词”结构，表示“使……被做”，“请人做……”。‎ Go and get your hair cut! 你去理理发吧。‎ Why haven’t you got the work done yet? 你为什么还不叫人把活干了呢？‎ ‎2. I disagree. (P19)我不同意。‎ I agree. (P19)我同意。‎ ‎(1)agree意为“赞成，同意”，用来表示同意某人的意见、观点等；可以单独使用，也可以接由with, to, on等引导的介词短语或接从句。‎ ‎—Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 我们明天去动物园，好吗？‎ ‎—I agree. 我同意。‎ I quite agree with you. 我完全赞成你的意见。‎ Do you agree on this plan? 你同意这个计划吗？‎ 知识拓展 agree with, agree to和agree on都表示“同意”，但用法不同。‎ ‎◎agree with表示“同意”，后面接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词。‎ We all agree with him. 我们都同意他的意见。‎ Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗？‎ ‎◎agree to表示“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构。‎ He agreed to our plan at last. 最后他同意了我们的计划。‎ They agreed to come on Monday. 他们同意星期一来。‎ ‎◎agree on表示“（两人以上）就……取得一致意见，在……方面意见一致”，其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词，它可以与agree in doing sth替换。‎ They agreed on the plan.‎ ‎=They agreed in doing the plan. 他们对这个计划意见一致。‎ 特别提示 agree with也可以表示“某人适应（食物、气候等）”。‎ The weather doesn’t agree with me. 我不适应这种天气。‎ ‎(2)disagree是agree的反义词，相当于not agree。‎ ‎3. They talk instead of doing homework. (P19)他们会说话而不做作业。‎ 本句中的instead of是复合介词，意思是“代替”，后面往往接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语, of后面的内容是被否定的。‎ I want that book instead of this one. 我要那本书而不是这本。‎ We went to swim instead of playing basketball.‎ 我们没有去打篮球，而是去游泳了。‎ 特别提示 副词instead和instead of意思相同，但用法却不同。instead意为“代替，顶替”，常位于句首或句末，可不译。‎ I didn’t go to cinema. Instead, I went to go shopping. ‎ 我没有去看电影，我去购物了。‎ The water here is not good, so I drink coffee instead. ‎ 这里的水不好，所以我改喝咖啡。‎ ‎4. Find someone who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm. (P20) 找出被允许熬夜到11点的人。‎ ‎(1)who is allowed to stay up until 11∶00 pm是一个定语从句，用来修饰前面的someone。‎ The man who is smoking is my father. 正在抽烟的那个人是我的父亲。‎ The foreigner who visited our class is from Canada.‎ 访问我们班的那个外国人来自加拿大。‎ ‎(2)stay up在这里是“熬夜”，“不睡觉”的意思，相当于not go to bed。‎ He stayed up too late last night. 他昨天晚上熬夜到很晚。‎ She promised the children they could stay up for homework.‎ 她承诺孩子们可以熬夜做作业。‎ ‎5. Do you ever worry that you’ll fail a test? (P21)你曾经担心过考试不及格吗？‎ fail表示考试“不及格”或“不通过”，相当于not pass。‎ I think I may fail in the English exam this time.我想这次英语考试我可能不及格。‎ ‎6. Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. (P21)父母对青少年不应该要求太严格。‎ 形容词strict是“严格的”，“严厉的”的意思，对人严格时用介词with，对工作等严格时用介词in。‎ The teacher was very strict with his students. 这位老师对学生非常严厉。‎ He is always strict in his work. 他总是对工作要求很严格。‎ ‎7. The other day, my friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. (P22)那天，我和我的朋友们谈论我们学校的各种规章制度。‎ ‎(1)the other day表示“几天以前，不久前的一天”。‎ I saw him in the street the other day. 不久前的一天，我在街上看到了他。‎ Li Ming and I went shopping the other day. 几天以前我和李明去购物了。‎ ‎(3)本句中的get to意为“开始，着手”，后面接动词的-ing形式，表示“着手或开始做某事”。‎ We get to working after a short rest. 我们歇息了一会儿后就开始干起活来。‎ He got to wondering why he was in the job.‎ 他对自己为什么会从事这份工作感到诧异。‎ ‎8. We think young people should look smart and so we would like to wear our own clothes. (P22)我们想年轻人应该看起来漂亮潇洒，因此我们想穿自己的衣服。‎ ‎(1)形容词smart意为“聪明的，机敏的，精明的”，相当于clever。‎ The dolphin is a smart animal. 海豚是聪明的动物。‎ He looks very smart in his suit. 他穿上他的西装看起来很帅气。‎ ‎(2)would like意为“想要”，相当于want，后面接名词或动词不定式。‎ I would like a cup of coffee. 我想要杯咖啡。‎ I didn’t want to go to the cinema. I would like to stay at home.‎ 我不想去看电影，我想呆在家里。‎ ‎◎ would like sb to do sth表示“想要某人做某事”。‎ I’d like you to help me with my homework. 我想要你帮助我做家庭作业。‎ 特别提示 feel like也可以译为“想要”，有时可以与would like替换；其后接名词或动词的-ing形式。‎ She feels like a good meal. 她想美美地吃一顿。‎ I feel like seeing a film tonight. 我今晚想去看电影。‎ ‎9. Our teachers believe that if we did that, we would concentrate more on our clothes than our studies. (P22)我们老师相信，如果我们那样做了，我们就会将注意力更多地集中在服装上，而不是学习上。‎ ‎(1)believe是及物动词，意为“相信”，其后可跟名词或从句。‎ I don’t believe his story. 我不相信他的故事。‎ I believe he told us the truth. 我认为他告诉我们的是真的。‎ ‎◎believe in表示“信任”（即trust）。‎ She doesn’t believe in God. 她不信奉上帝。‎ ‎(2)在that if...的句中，that放在believe后面用来引导一个宾语从句，而if则在宾语从句中引导一个条件状语从句，we would...则是宾语从句中的主句。‎ We are sure that if they come on time, they won’t be in the rain.‎ 我们都确信，如果他们准时到的话，就不会被雨淋了。‎ ‎(3)动词concentrate常常构成concentrate(...)on sth，表示“专心致志（于某件事），精神集中，全神贯注（做某事）”。‎ I can’t concentrate on my work when I’m hungry. 我饿了就无法集中精力工作。‎ We must concentrate our attention on efficiency. 我们必须把注意力集中在效率上。‎ ‎10. I know we get noisy sometimes, but we learn a lot from each other. (P22)‎ 我知道我们有时很吵，但是我们相互之间可以学到很多东西。‎ ‎(1)本句中的learn...from意为“向……学习”。‎ We used to learn English from Da Shan. 我们以前常常跟大山学英语。‎ He never learns from his mistakes. 他从来不从错误中吸取教训。‎ ‎◎learn to do sth“学习，学会做某事”。‎ I’m learning to keep rabbits. 我正学着养兔子。‎ How did Bill Gates learn to work out a software programme?‎ 比尔·盖茨是怎样学会设计软件程序的？‎ 短语链语 learn of“听到”，“获悉”。‎ He learned of the accident just now. 他刚才听到事故的消息。‎ ‎(2)each other意为“互相”，通常指两者之间，在句中用作宾语、定语等；而one another意为“互相”，用来指两个以上的人或事物的相互关系。‎ You and I understand each other perfectly. 你我彼此很了解。‎ The two girls often help each other in their lessons. ‎ 这两个女孩经常在功课上互相帮助。‎ 特别提示 在现代英语中，each other和one another在用法上没有什么区别，一般认为each other多用于非正式文体；而one another多用于较正式文体。‎ ‎11. Last summer I had an opportunity to volunteer at the local hospital. (P22)去年夏天，我有机会在一家当地医院做志愿者。‎ ‎(1)本句中的volunteer是动词，表示“自愿做某事，当志愿者”等意思。‎ Thousands of men volunteered when the war broke out.‎ 战争爆发时，成千上万的人当了志愿兵。‎ We volunteered to raise the money. 我们志愿募捐。‎ 特别提示 volunteer作名词时表示“自愿做工或无偿做工的人，志愿者”。‎ This work costs us nothing. It’s all done by volunteers. 这项工作我们没有花一点钱，全是由志愿人员完成的。‎ ‎(2)local是形容词，意为“本地的，地方的”，在句中用作定语。‎ Following the national news we have the local news and weather. ‎ 国内新闻之后是本地新闻和天气预报。‎ She’s a local girl. 她是本地姑娘。‎ 特别提示 local用作名词时，通常用复数形式，意思是“本地人，当地人”。‎ The locals like to visit friends on weekends. 当地人喜欢周末访友。‎ ‎12. I would like to reply to the article “Helping and Learning” in your last newsletter. (P23)我想回答你们上期简讯上“帮与学”这篇文章中的问题。‎ ‎(1)本句中的reply意为“回答，应答”，一般只用作不及物动词，后面与to连用，表示“回答别人的问题、话语、信件等”。‎ He didn’t reply to my letter. 他没有给我回信。‎ How can you reply to my questions? 你如何回答我的问题呢？‎ 特别提示 reply严格地说是经过深思熟虑后，一一答复对方的问题或观点，故当以answer表示像 answer the telephone这样一般性的应答时，不能用reply代替。‎ ‎(2)in your last newsletter是介词短语，在句中用作定语，修饰article。‎ ‎13. “I know my parents care about me,” he says. (P24)“我知道父母关心我，”他说。‎ 本句中的care about为及物动词短语，意为“关心，在乎，介意”，其后接名词或代词，一般用于肯定句或疑问句。‎ The girl never cares about others. 那个女孩从不关心别人。‎ She didn’t care about anything people might say. 人们说什么她都不在乎。‎