初中8年级英语教案：第3讲 名词修饰词

初中8年级英语教案：第3讲 名词修饰词

辅导教案 学员姓名： 学科教师：‎ 年 级： 八年级 辅导科目：英语 ‎ 授课日期 ‎××年××月××日 时 间 A / B / C / D / E / F段 主 题 名词修饰词 教学内容 ‎（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）‎ ‎1.掌可数名词和不可数名词的修饰词；‎ ‎2.能在具体语境中选用正确的修饰词。‎ 教学建议： ‎ 1. 第一部分同步默写在限定时间8分钟内完成，然后学生之间进行pk，看谁的正确率高 2. 第二部分图文赏析旨在帮助学生理解some 和any 的用法。提问学生文字所表达的意思，并根据语言现象总结some 和any 的用法 I． 牛津8B U2同步检测 I．单词默写。‎ 1. adv.每天 ‎ 2. n. 数量，数额 ‎ 3. v.（使）增加 ‎ 4. v.仍然是；保持不变 ‎ 1. n.符号 ‎ 2. v.流，流动 ‎ 3. n. 洗脸盆 ‎ 4. v. 消失，突然不见 ‎ 5. n.下水道 ‎ 6. v. 突然停止，惊呆 ‎ 7. adj.不耐烦的，急躁的 ‎ 8. v. 服从，顺从 ‎ 9. adj. 微弱的 ‎ 10. v. 漂浮，浮动 ‎ 11. adv. 安乐地，舒适地 ‎ 12. n. 景色，风景 ‎ 13. v. 加速，加快 ‎ 14. v. 放松，休息 ‎ 15. n. 对待，处理 ‎ 16. n. 工厂 ‎ 17. adj. 彻底的，完全的 ‎ 18. n. 打扫，清洁 ‎ 19. n. 管子；管道 ‎ 20. conj. 直到……为止 ‎ 21. n. 污水，污物 ‎ 22. n. 工厂，车间 ‎ 23. v. 用泵输送 ‎ 24. adj. 宝贵的，贵重的 ‎ 25. n. 液体 ‎ 26. v. 休息 ‎ 27. adj. 平常的，普通的 ‎ 28. n. 设备，器材 ‎ 29. n. 工具 ‎ 30. n. 图表 ‎ II. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.‎ ‎1. The boy is lying on the bed (comfortable) and listening to music.‎ ‎2. My brother is always (patient) when he is doing his homework, so he always makes mistakes.‎ 3. The man's (work) became famous after he died.‎ 4. The boss has a plan to use fewer workers to do (much) work.‎ 5. Ken's voice sounded (puzzle) when he heard a strange voice.‎ ‎【keys】1. comfortably 2. impatient 3. works 4. more 5. puzzled ‎ II．图文赏析 教学建议：‎ 建议此部分采取以教带学的方式，让学生每人负责一个知识点，先自己学习10分钟，自学过程中有问题可以问老师。然后讲解给大家。老师在学生讲解过程中进行补充和完善。‎ I. a few, a little ‎1. 基本用法 中文 修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词 备注 一些 (≈some)‎ a few a little 肯定含义 几乎没有 (≈no)‎ few little 否定含义 ‎ eg. He is a man of few words.‎ Tony asked us a few questions.‎ There is little milk in the fridge so we have to buy some.‎ I need a little help to move these books.‎ 注意：only/quite 后只能加 a few 或 a little; 而 so/very 后只能加few 或little.‎ only a few≈ few≈ very few, only a little≈ little≈ very little; quite a few≈ many, quite a little≈ much; ‎ eg. ‎ Quite a few visitors come to Shanghai every year.‎ This movie is so boring that very few people want to see it.‎ He knows only a little about Chinese history.‎ I can go out with you tomorrow as I have very little work to do these days.‎ 第一关：词义辨析 ‎1. Hurry up. There is time left.‎ A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ‎2. If you save coins a day, you will be able to buy a mobile phone in a year.‎ A. a little B. little C. a few D. few ‎ ‎3. I am afraid you can’t post so many postcards with so money.‎ A. less B. few C. a little D. little ‎4. My husband has quite a few . He likes painting, reading, bowling，surfing and so on.‎ A. interest B. interests C. interested D. interesting ‎5. —Are there any prawns left on the plate?‎ ‎—Only .‎ A. little B. a little C. few D. a few II. some, any ‎ ‎1. some是不定量代词，意为“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也能修饰不可数名词，常用于肯定句，当用在特殊疑问句中时表示渴望得到对方的肯定回答。 I'd like to have some milk for breakfast. 早餐我想喝一些牛奶。 -Would you like some water?你想要喝水吗？ -No, thank you. 不，谢谢。‎ ‎2. any意为“一些”时,可以修饰可数名词的复数,也可以修饰不可数名词; 当any意为“任一”时,也可用于肯定句中,起强调作用。 ‎ ‎　　Do you have any questions to ask? 你有什么问题要问吗? 　　There isn’t any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没有水。 　　You may take any of them. 这些东西,你随便拿哪个都行。 　　Call me any day next week. ‎ 第二关：能力提升 1. There isn’t__________ orange juice in my bottle. Please give me__________. ‎ 2. ‎—Do you have__________ picture-books? —No, I don’t have__________. But I have__________ story-books. ‎ 3. ‎—Are there__________ boys in the classroom? —No, but there are__________ girls in it. ‎ 4. ‎—Which one can I take? —You may take__________ one of them. ‎ 5. ‎—Would you like__________ fruit juice, please? —No. I’d like__________ tea. ‎ III. a lot of, a lot, plenty of ‎ ‎1. a lot of= lots of是一个形容词性短语，意为“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，常用于肯定句中。 There are a lot of trees in this park. 这个公园里有大量的树。 Tom earns a lot of money by hard work. 汤姆通过努力工作挣了许多钱。‎ ‎2. a lot ‎ ‎① 作代词pron. 表示“很多，多数”。 ‎ How many do you want? --A lot/lots.‎ Have some more pie, there’s a lot left.‎ ‎② 作副词adv. 修饰形容词和动词，表示“非常，相当”，置于被修饰的形容词或动词之后。‎ He is feeling a lot better today. ‎ I play tennis quite a lot in the summer.‎ ‎3. plenty of 意为“大量的，充裕的”，用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，用法同a lot of / lots of。‎ ‎ Do you need more milk? --No thanks, there's plenty of it in the fridge.‎ ‎ We believe in taking in plenty of fresh air and getting plenty of exercise.‎ IV. many, much, enough ‎1.  many和much都意为“许多”，但many用于修饰可数名词，而much修饰不可数名词。 ‎ China has many oil fields. 中国有许多油田。 ‎ In our view, there is much oil here. 在我们看来，这里有许多石油。‎ ‎ Many of the students are taking classes now.‎ ‎ Much of the water here is dirty and bad for our health.‎ ‎2. enough ‎① 作名词、代词，意思是"足够;充分"。‎ ‎ Enough has been said on this subject. ‎ ‎ Would you like some more muffins? --No, thanks. I've had enough. (enough=enough food) ‎ ‎ 【注意】当enough后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或其本身就是代词时，要用介词of。‎ ‎ They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room. ‎ ‎② 作形容词，意思是"足够的;充分的"，常与for或不定式连用，置于被修饰的可数/不可数名词之前，可以作定语或表语。 ‎ I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have use. ‎ I've got enough money to pay for a taxi.‎ ‎③ 作副词, 意思是 "十分地; 充分地; 足够地; 充足地"，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后，常与不定式或介词for连用 ，在句子中作状语，表示程度。‎ ‎ Is the river deep enough for swimming/to swim in?‎ ‎ I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it.‎ 练习：‎ ‎1. A smile costs nothing, but gives so ______.‎ ‎ A. little B. few C. many D. much ‎2. It’s easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have _______ of them here.‎ A. none B. few C. many D. each ‎3. We need to go shopping. There is_________ juice left in the fridge.‎ A. little B. few C. many D. much ‎4. He ran and ran, but he couldn’t run_____ to catch the bus.‎ A. Fast enough B. enough quick C. enough fast D. enough quickly ‎ ‎5. He is______ school.‎ A. old enough going to B. enough old to go to ‎ C. old enough to go to D. enough old going to ‎ VI. a great deal of, a great amount of, a large quantity of, a large number of 短语 中文释义 可修饰对象 例句 a great deal of 很多，大量的 不可数名词 The race gave every one a great deal of pleasure.‎ a great amount of 很多，大量的 不可数名词 A great amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.‎ a small/large quantity of 很多，大量的 不可数名词/可数名词复数 ‎1. The factory needs a large quantity of water. ‎ ‎2. There is only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden.‎ a (large) number of 很多，大量的 可数名词复数 A number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.‎ Reading I. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. The first letters are given. (在短文的空格内填人适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词。首字母已给出。)‎ Michelangelo lived in Florence. He was famous all over Italy (1) f__________ his beautiful work .The governor(总督) of Florence asked Michelangelo to make a statue out of a large piece of marble(大理石).One sculptor(雕塑家) tried to do this before him, but had (2) o___________ spoiled the marble. Michelangelo worked for two years, and at last he finished the beautiful statue, which he called David. When the statue was (3) r____________, many people came to see it. The governor came, too. He stood for a long time looking at it and said that he didn’t like it (4) b__________ David’s nose was too long. Michelangelo didn’t want to spoil the statue. So he went up to the statue with a handful of marble dust. He pretended (假装)to be changing the (5) s___________ of the nose and at the same time dropped some of the marble dust which he had taken with him. The governor thought that this was marble dust from the nose of the statue. When Michelangelo had stopped, the governor said, “That’s (6) e___________ !Now you have given more life to the face.” And the people, who understood (7) w____________ Michelangelo had done, secretly laughed. This statue is one of Michelangelo’s best works.‎ ‎【keys】1 for 2.only 3.ready 4. because 5 shape 6 excellent 7 what 教学建议：‎ 1． 规定学生必须在10分钟内完成；‎ 2． 相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ 3． 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；‎ 4． 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注意的问题。‎ I. Choose the best answer.‎ ‎1. The play was not interesting, so there were ____ empty seals in the theatre. （ 普陀）‎ A. a little B. a lot C. many D. much ‎2. I felt so hungry at midnight, but I couldn't find ________ to eat in my flat. （ 普陀）‎ A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing ‎3. I need _____ bananas to make fruit salad. Could you please buy some? （ 虹口）‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ‎4. – Which place do you prefer to live in, a city or a countryside? （ 闵行）‎ ‎ -- I don’t care. ________ is fine.‎ A. Either B. Neither C. All D. None ‎5. The English guest could speak only Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us. （ 崇明）‎ A. few B. little C. a little D. a few ‎6. We should never be satisfied with book knowledge. We also need practical experience. （ 杨浦）‎ A. few B. little C. a few D. a little ‎7. There isn’t much bread here, but you can take ____ if you want to. （ 闸北）‎ A. few B. a few C. little D. a little ‎8. In the modern world, _______ young people are interested in cormorant fishing.（ 长宁）‎ A. a few B. few C. lots of D. some ‎9. We had bread for supper.‎ A. no B, not C. no any D. not any ‎10. of the telephones is working. ‎ A. None B. No one C. No D. Not a ‎11. I didn’t like the TV play. of the actors and actresses was famous.‎ A. Both B. All C. Neither D. None ‎12. No news good news. ‎ A, is B. are C. has D. have ‎13. —Would you like tea or coffee?‎ ‎— Thank you. I’ve just had enough. ‎ A. Some B. Both C. Either D. Neither ‎14. He doesn’t talk a lot. He is a man of words.‎ A. few B. little C. a few D. a little ‎15. We are almost out of rain in this area. The sentence means “ ”.‎ A. We haven’t any rain in this area. B. We have no rain in this area.‎ C. We have little rain in this area. D. We have a little rain in this area.‎ ‎16. —Are there any prawns left on the plate?‎ ‎—Only .‎ A. little B. a little C. few D. a few ‎17. —You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon?‎ ‎—I did Christmas shopping. ‎ A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of ‎ ‎18. _______ the teachers in their school is about 200 and one fourth of them are ______ teachers.‎ A. A number of; women B. A number of; woman C. The number of; women D. The number of; woman ‎19. They spent ______ money on the new hospital. ‎ A. a great deal B. a good deal of C. a great many D. a large number of ‎ ‎20. He possesses ______ books. ‎ A. plenty of B. very much C. a great deal of D. an amount of ‎ 教学建议：‎ ‎1. 包含预习下次课单词与短语和复习本次课内容两部分； ‎ ‎2. 规定学生在25分钟内完成；‎ ‎ 3. 要求学生对不确定有疑问的题目做标记；‎ ‎4．下节新课前让学生相互批改表扬正确率最高的学生；‎ ‎5．让作对的学生给做错的学生讲题，老师进行补充；‎ ‎6．老师对错误率较高的题目相关的知识点进行复习。‎ ‎【巩固练习】‎ I. Choose the best answer. ‎ ‎1. There are ___ homeless dogs on our estate. Too many. I don't like them.‎ A. a lot of B. much C. few D. a few ‎2. I have ___ dresses. I can't help it, I'm always buying them.‎ A. much B. a lot of C. only a few D. so few ‎3. Is there ___ information on South African culture?‎ A. much B. many C. a lot of D. lot of ‎4. Can I have ___ sugar in my tea please? Not too much.‎ A. a lot of B. some C. a few D. little ‎5. This is a very old song, so _________ young people know it.‎ ‎ A. few B. little C. a few D. a little ‎6. There is _____ ink in my pen. Would you give me______?‎ ‎ A. little/ a little B. a little/ little ‎ C. few/ a few D. a few/ few ‎7. The house has ____ many rooms that it was hard to find a way out.‎ ‎ A. such B. so C. very D. too ‎8. All the students are busy, so _________ of them will go to the concert.‎ A many B little C a few D few ‎9. Jane has sent several letters, but _________ of them have been answered. ‎ A all B both C either D none ‎10. _________ of the students in the whole class could do this physics question. ‎ A No B None C Not D Neither ‎11. —How _________ Greek do you know?‎ ‎—I am sorry. I know ______ about it. It’s too difficult.‎ A. many…few B. much…little C. many…a few D. much…little ‎12. It’s _______ use talking without doing.‎ A. not B. no C. none D. no one ‎13. ________ people in Shanghai go swimming in freezing weather.‎ A. Few B. A few C. Little D. A little ‎14. We need ______ color chalk. Have you got ______?‎ A. some…some B. some…any C. any…any D. any…some ‎15. He has quite a lot of interesting magazines but I have ___.‎ A. no                           B. none C. no one                        D. neither ‎16. Would you lend me ___ of your money, please?‎ A. any                         B. many C. some                        D. a lot of ‎17. ___ agree to your plan.‎ A. Anyone of us         B. No one of us C. None of us                  D. Someone of us ‎18. — What do you think of the environment in our city ?‎ ‎— I think there is________ air pollution than before and our city looks more beautiful.‎ A. little B. less C. a little D. few ‎19. — When shall we meet again ?‎ ‎— Make it________ day you like. It’s all the same to me.‎ A. other B. any C. the other D. another ‎20. — How many people were hurt in the accident ?‎ ‎—________.‎ A. Everybody B. Somebody C. None D. Anybody II.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文) ‎ Wood-block printings was invented sometime between 4th and thee 7th c____1____in China. The earliest book that we have was p ____2______in 868 and was found in a Dunhuang cave. Wood-block printing took a long time because a new block was needed for every p ____3______in a book. By the 11th century printed books could be f ____4______all over China. They included books of Confucius’s thought, dictionaries, and books on maths. In 1340, books could be printed using two c____5______, black and red. A ____6_____the Chinese learnt about printing so early, printing was not introduced in other parts of the world for hundreds of years. It is thought that when the great Italian traveller Marco Polo visited China in the 13th century, he s _____7_____printed books. It is possible that Marco Polo brought that k______8_____ to Europe. But printed books didn’t come to Europe u____9______1450 when a German called Johann Guttenberg i____10_____ a printing machine. Twenty-four years later, in 1474, an Englishman called William Caxton printed the first printed book in English. His second book was about the game of chess. Caxton printed about a hundred books, and some can still be found today in museums.‎ keys：1. century 2. published 3. page 4. found 5. colors 6. Although 7. saw 8. knowledge ‎ ‎9. until 10. invented ‎ III. Answer the questions (（闵行区2013年一模）) ‎ ‎ When visitors came to see Sherlock Holmes in Baker Street, they often did surprising things. Sometimes they put their heads in their hands and cried. Sometimes they talked and talked, and couldn’t stop. And sometimes they just sat there and didn’t say a word. But nobody was more surprising than Dr. Huxtable. ‎ He was a large man, tall, well-dressed. He came into the room, walked to one of the big chairs, and suddenly fell into it. He sat there, with his eyes closed, looking pale and ill.‎ Holmes looked in the man’s pockets—and found a train ticket from Mackleton, in the north of England. ‎ ‎‘Mackleton—that’s a long way,’ said Holmes, ‘It’s not twelve o’clock yet, so he probably left home before five o’clock this morning. He was probably hungry.’‎ After a minute or two, the man began to move, and his eyes opened. A second later, he stood up. His face was now red and unhappy.‎ ‎‘Mr. Holmes, I am so sorry ! I forgot to eat or drink anything this morning—that’s why I felt ill. But I’m better now’, said our visitor, ‘And Mr. Holmes, come back to Mackleton with me by the next train, please!’‎ ‎‘I’m sorry, that’s not possible’, said Holmes, ‘I’m working on two important cases. I cannot leave London at the moment.’‎ ‎‘Important cases!’our visitor cried, ‘But this case is very important too. You know about the kidnapping of the son of the Duke (公爵) of Holdernesse three days ago…’‎ ‎‘What! The Government Minister?’ I was shocked.‎ ‎‘Yes, that’s him. And he is one of the greatest men in the country.’ said Dr. Huxtable, ‘Mr. Holmes, the Duke is offering five thousand dollars for news of his son, and another one thousand dollars for the name of the kidnapper.’‎ ‎‘That,’ said Holmes, ‘is a most interesting offer.’ He looked at me, ‘Watson, I think we are going with Dr. Huxtable back to the north of England this afternoon.’‎ ‎1. Dr. Huxtable was the most surprising visitor, wasn’t he ?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎2. Where is Mackleton?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. Why did Dr. Huxtable feel ill ?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. According to Dr. Huxtable, what happened three days ago ?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎5. How much did the Duke offer altogether for the case ?‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________________ ‎ ‎6. What do you think would happen next?‎ Sherlock Holmes would ________________________________________________‎ ‎8B U3同步学习。‎ ‎1. servant n. 仆人；佣人 ‎ e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. [谚]水火是忠仆，用之不慎成灾主。‎ ‎ A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家应当是人民的公仆。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 serve v. 服务，待客 e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinner. 他们以盛宴招待客人们。‎ service n. 服务 e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 开往首都的火车服务设施非常好。‎ ‎2. trick v. 欺骗；坑人 e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄骗我给了他钱。‎ ‎（常与out of连用）骗走，恶作剧 e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企图骗走他的股份。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 trick n. 诡计；骗术，花招 e. g. I can do magic tricks. 我会变魔术。‎ ‎ The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子们捉弄了他们的老师。‎ ‎3. electricity n. 电 ‎ e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 这个电站供应这个区域的电。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 electrician n. 电工 electric adj. 发电的，由电产生的 e.g. an electric cenerator发电机 an electric plug电源插头 an electric iron电熨斗 ‎4. flow v. 流动 e.g. The cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road. 汽车在主干道上不停地驶过。‎ ‎【常用搭配】 flow away流走；流逝 flow down流下 flow into流入 e.g. Time flows away quickly. 时光飞逝。‎ ‎ Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飞流直下到山脚下。‎ ‎ Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。‎ ‎5. meter n. 仪表；计量表 ‎【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤气表 an electricity meter电表 a speed meter速度表 e.g. There's a gas meter in every home. 在每间屋里都有煤气表。‎ ‎6. amount n. 数量；量 e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。‎ ‎ What is the amount of this? 这总共是多少？‎ ‎7. monthly adv. 每月一次 e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我们按月读它。‎ ‎ We pay the telephone bill monthly. 我们每月付一次电话账单。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 daily adv. 每天一次，每天地 weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地 yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地 ‎8. explanation n. 解释；解说；说明 e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that he's mad. 对他的行为的唯一解释就是他疯了。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 explain v. 解释；说明 e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解释一下你为什么迟到吗？‎ ‎9. scratch v. 搔；挠 ‎ e.g. He scratched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲挠他腿上虫咬的地方。‎ ‎ （常与out，off，through连用）刮掉，削去；擦去：删掉；划掉 ‎ e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已从名单上划掉了。‎ ‎ Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能帮我把轮子上的锈刮掉吗？‎ ‎10. invisible adj. 看不见的；无形的 ‎ e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it when it moves. 空气是看不见的，但是当它移动的时候我们能感受到。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 visible adj. 看得见的；明显的；显著的 vision n. 视力 e.g. Air isn't a visible object. 空气不是可见物体。‎ ‎ She has good vision. 她的视力很好。‎ ‎11. form n. 形状；形式 e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好像讨厌任何方式的运动。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 form n. 方式；制度 e.g. Different countries have different forms of government. 不同的国家有不同的政治制度。‎ l2. energy n. 能量 e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人通常比老年人有活力。‎ ‎ Each year Americans use a high percentage of the world's energy. 每年美国人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 energetic adj. 精力充沛的 e.g. He is an energetic child.他是个精力旺盛的孩子。‎ ‎13. bulb n. 电灯泡 e.g. The bulb is broken. Please change another one. 这个灯泡坏了，请再换一个。‎ ‎14. connect v. 连接，联合 e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把这根电线和电视机连上好吗？‎ ‎ This thick wire is connected to my computer. 这根粗电线连接到我的电脑上。‎ ‎ This flight connects with a flight for New York. 这个航班可接上飞往纽约的一班飞机。‎ ‎【常用搭配】 connect with和……有联系，和……有关 e.g. People connect Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人们一提到维也纳就会联想到华尔兹圆舞曲和咖啡馆。‎ ‎15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋 e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。‎ ‎ Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine.‎ ‎ 矿上发生意外事故时，许多矿工都被埋在地下。‎ ‎ He buried himself in his work. 他埋头工作。‎ ‎16. politely adv. 客气地，斯文地 e.g. You should serve our guests pohiely. 你必须有礼貌地服务我们的客人。‎ ‎ Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 汤姆给我一支烟，我礼貌地拒绝了。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 polite adj. 有礼貌的；斯文的 politeness n. 有礼，优雅 e.g. It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的。‎ ‎17. grin v. 露齿笑，咧嘴笑 e.g. There was a grin on his face when he opened his birthday presents.‎ ‎ 当他打开他的生日礼物时，他的脸上露齿一笑。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 grin vt. 咧嘴而笑 e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他高兴得咧开嘴笑。‎ ‎18. battery n. 电池 e. g. Our bus won't start because the battery is flat. 我们的大客车发动不起来了，因为电池坏了。‎ ‎ This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 这个袖珍计算器需用两节干电池。‎ ‎19. contain v. 包含，含有 e. g. Pig iron may contarn 4%of carbon. 生铁可含百分之四的碳。‎ ‎ The bottle contains two pints. 这瓶装两品脱。‎ 指点迷津：contain, hold ‎ 两个单词都含“包含，容纳”的意思。contain着重“其中确实包含有”。‎ ‎ e. g. The bottle contains water.这个瓶子里有水。‎ ‎ hold指“能容纳”。‎ ‎ e. g. The house holds 20 people. 这房子能住下20人。‎ Ⅱ. Daily expressions. 日常表达 ‎1. be careful with谨慎，小心 ‎ e. g. Be careful with those delicate plates. 使用那些细巧的盘子要小心。‎ ‎ Be careful when you're crossing the road. 过马路时要当心。‎ ‎2. change into 变为；使改变 ‎ e.g. The next morning, the water had changed into ice. 第二天早晨，水变成了冰。‎ ‎ We can change electricity into different forms of energy such as light energy. ‎ 我们能把电变成各种形式的能量，比如光能。‎ ‎ The witch tried to change iron into gold. 那位巫婆试图把铁变成金。‎ ‎3. think of思考，想出来 ‎ e.g. Have you thought of what job you are going to do? 你考虑过准备做什么工作了吗？‎ ‎ We are thinking of going to France. 我们正考虑到法国去。‎ ‎ I can’t think of his name at the moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。‎ ‎4. be connected to被连接到 ‎ e.g. Are these cables connected to the power station?这些电缆是连接到发电站的吗？‎ ‎ The channel will connect Britain to Europe for the first time in history.‎ ‎ 这条隧道将有史以来第一次把英国和欧洲大陆连接起来。‎ ‎5. at last最后 ‎ e.g. He waited for the bus for an hour. At last, it arrived. 他等了一个小时的公交车，最后终于来了。‎ Important Sentences structures.‎ ‎1. She thinks she can buy it in packets, like sweets！‎ ‎ 句中can是一个情态动词，意为“能，可能”。情态动词无词性变化，表主语或说话者的语气。‎ ‎(1)肯定句：主语+can+动词原形……‎ ‎ e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。‎ ‎(2)否定句：主语+cannot (can't)+动词原形……‎ ‎ e.g. I can't play football. 我不能踢足球。‎ ‎(3)疑问句：Can+主语+动词原形……‎ ‎ 回答：Yes, +主语十can. /No, +主语+can't.‎ ‎ e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I can't. 你能踢足球吗？是的，我能。／不，我不能。‎ ‎2. …although electricity is much more dangerous than water.‎ ‎(1) more+ adj. +than…‎ ‎ e.g. Is this snake more dangerous than that one? 这条蛇比那一条更危险吗？‎ ‎(2) more十n./phrase十than…‎ ‎ e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的学生比二班的多。‎ ‎【知识拓展】 关于比较级和最高级:‎ ‎(1) 对于单音节或双音节的形容词我们一般在后面加上-er和-est。‎ e.g. small- smaller- smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest ‎ slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastest 但要注意一些由形容词变化而来的副词，虽然其形式上为双音节，但它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。‎ e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly; ‎ happily- more happily- the most happily ‎(2)对于多音节的形容词，它们的比较级和最高级要加more和most。‎ e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most dangerous, ‎ difficult-more difficult-the most difficult ‎3. You must always be careful with it.‎ ‎ 句中must是一个情态动词，意为“必须，一定”。‎ ‎ (1)肯定句：主语+must+动词原形……‎ ‎ e. g. I must go home now. 我现在必须回家。‎ ‎ (2)否定句：主语+must not (mustn't)+动词原形……‎ ‎ e.g. I mustn’t go home now. 我现在不准回家。‎ ‎(3)疑问句：Must+主语+动词原形……‎ ‎ 回答：Yes, 十主语+must. ／No, +主语十needn't.‎ ‎ e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.／No, you needn't. 现在我必须回家吗？是的，你必须。／不，你不必。‎ ‎4. May I have my packet of electricity?‎ ‎ 句中may是一个情态动词，意为“可以”。‎ ‎(1)肯定句：主语+may+动词原形…¨‎ e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。‎ ‎(2)否定句：主语+may not+动词原形……‎ ‎ You may not sit down. 你不可以坐下。‎ ‎(3)疑问句：May+主语+动词原形……‎ ‎ 回答：Yes, +主语+may. /No, +主语+may not.‎ ‎ e.g. May I sit down? Yes, you may. /No, you may not. 我可以坐下吗？是的，你可以。／不，你不可以。‎ I . Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.‎ 1. Would you like to get me some (battery)?‎ 2. Don't always do such (fool) things, boy!‎ 3. Modern Family is a popular (month) magazine.‎ 4. In our daily life, electricity is a good (serve), but a dangerous one.‎ 5. The weather in Shanghai is always (change) in spring.‎ ‎【keys】‎ I. 1. batteries 2. foolish 3. monthly 4. servant 5. changeable