初二下unitbodylanguage语法复习

初二下unitbodylanguage语法复习

Unit2 body language 语法复习 温故知新：动词不定式 动词不定式做主语 ‎ 动词不定式的基本形式为“to+动词原形”，其否定形式是“not to + 动词原形”。它能起名词的作用，在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。动词不定式在作主语时，用法主要有以下两种：‎ ‎1．动词不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语，而往往将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如：‎ It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well. (=To learn a foreign language well is not easy.) ‎ 在此句型中，如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，作不定式的逻辑主语。如：‎ It’s difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。‎ It’s hard for me to answer your question. 要我回答你的问题很难。‎ 但是，如果表语是kind，nice，right，wrong，clever，polite等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加一个of引起的短语。如：‎ 这个例子属于上面的换一个of引起的。‎ It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。‎ ‎1）of sb.和for sb.这两种结构还有一个区别，在of sb.结构中，可用sb.直接作句子的主语来改写成“It’s + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式”结构。试比较：‎ It’s foolish of him to go alone. (=He was foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。‎ It’s kind of you to give me the book. (=You are kind to give me the book.)你给我这本书，真是太好了。‎ for sb.结构则不能这样转换。例如，不可以说：We are difficult to finish the work.‎ ‎2）动词不定式作主语，同时有另一个不定式作表语时，不能转换成“It’s…to do sth.”的句型。如：‎ ‎[正]To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。‎ ‎[误]It’s to believe to see.‎ ‎3）“疑问代（副）词+动词不定式”也可以在句中作主语。如：‎ How to control the water pollution is a big problem. 如何控制水污染是一个大问题When to start the project remains undecided. 什么时候开始这项工程仍然没有决定。‎ 动词不定式做宾语 ‎ 1）动词+不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake 举例：‎ The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。‎ I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。‎ ‎2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help, intend like, love, need, prefer, prepare, promise, want, with…‎ I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。‎ I like you to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。‎ I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。‎ I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 ‎1．作主语 ‎ Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。‎ Painting is his hobby．绘画是他的爱好。‎ 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如：‎ It is no use talking without doing．光说不做没有用。‎ ‎【考例】‎ ‎—What do you think made Mary so upset？‎ ‎— __________ her new bicycle．‎ A．As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing ‎2．作宾语 ‎ （1）动词后加动名词doing作宾语V. + doing sth ‎ admit承认 appreciate感激，赞赏 avoid避免 ‎ complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误 ‎ deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 ‎ enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 prevent阻止 ‎ fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 ‎ mind介意 miss想念 postpone推迟 ‎ practise训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 ‎ resist抵抗 resume继续 risk冒险 ‎ suggest建议 face面对 include包括 ‎ stand忍受 understand理想 forgive宽恕 keep继续 ‎ 举例：‎ ‎ 1）Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?‎ ‎ 2）The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught.‎ ‎【考例】‎ ‎1、I can't imagine __________ that with them．‎ A．do B．to do C．being done D．doing ‎2、She looks forward every spring to __________ the flower-lined garden．‎ A．visit B．paying a visit C．walk in D．walking in ‎（2）在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如 We don't allow smoking here．‎ We don't allow anybody to smoke here．‎ ‎（3）动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如： The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned．‎ ‎（4）在begin，continue，love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。‎ ‎（5）动词forget，go on ，mean ，regret，‎ remember，stop，try，be used to，can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。‎ forget，regret，remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。‎ go on后跟动名词表示“继续做原来做的事”；后跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”。‎ mean后跟动名词表示“意味着要做某事”；后跟不定式表示“想要做某事”。‎ stop后跟动名词表示“停止做某事”；后跟不定式表示“停下来（别的事）开始做某事”。‎ try后跟动名词表示“试着做某事”；后跟不定式表示“努力做某事”。‎ be used to后跟动名词表示“习惯于做某事”；后跟不定式表示“被用来做某事”。‎ can't help后跟动名词表示“禁不住做某事”；后跟不定式表示“不能帮助做某事”。‎ ‎【考例】‎ ‎1、—Let's have a rest．‎ ‎—Not now．I don't want to stop __________ yet．‎ A．study B．to study C．for studying D．studying ‎2、—Let me tell you something about the journalists．‎ ‎—Don't you remember __________ me the story yesterday？‎ ‎ A．told B．telling C．to tell D．to have told ‎（6）词组后接doing ‎ admit to prefer…to be used to lead to devote oneself to ‎ object to stick to busy look forward to ( to为介词)‎ ‎ no good, no use, It’s worth… as well as,‎ ‎ can’t help, It’s no use / good be tired of be fond of ‎ be capable of be afraid of be proud of think of / about ‎ hold off put off keep on insist on count on / upon ‎ set about be successful in good at take up give up ‎ burst out prevent…from…‎ ‎3．作表语 ‎ Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.‎ 阅读完型专练 Showing your feeling is important. It is a mistake not to talk to anyone ___36_ you’re feeling sad, worried or nervous. If you keep bad feelings inside, it can even make you 37 _. But if you 38 with someone, like your mom or dad, you’ll usually begin to feel 39_ than before.Now you’re not all alone with your problems or worries. 40 , it doesn’t mean your problems and worries will 41 magically(神奇地). But, at least, someone else understands what’s 42 with you and can help 43 find ways to solve your problems. Your mom and dad want to know if you have 44 . They love you and they want to know what’s happening in your life. But if you don’t want to talk with them, what should you do? Find a trustworthy(可信任的) teacher at school or a relative. Maybe that person can help you deal with your problems. Then you’ll feel as 45 as before. 36. A.what B .when C. how D.where 37. A. sick B. active C. strong D.illness 38. A. tell B. speak C. talk D.say 39. A. worse B. better C.well D.good 40. A. Whatever B. However C. Whenever D.whereever 41. A. disappear B. appear C. happen D.take place 42. A. matter B.more C. wrong D.much 43. A. them B. you C. us D.it 44. A. problems B.problem C. question D.exercise ‎ 45. A. happily B.badly C.sadly D.happy If the eyes are the windows of the soul, then the body is the mirror of our feelings.If we are feeling great, we may give our body signals(信号).lf we look at someone else's body, we can often tell how they are feeling by their body signals. So reading body language signals is a great tool in daily communication.‎ ‎ In case(假使) you don't think that learning how to read and use body language is important, here are some numbers for you. 7% of the information we receive is from what people actually say, and 38% of the information we receive is from the tone(语气) and the speed of their voice; while 55% of the information we receive is from their body language.‎ These non-verbal(非口头的) signals will help you a lot, but you still need to focus on what people are saying. If you focus too much on their body language signals, you and the person may feel uncomfortable. ‎ It is useful to be able to read people's body language, but it is useful to learn how to send the right signals and avoid the wrong signals, too. Body language may be given several interpretations. Many signals have different meanings, depending on the person and the situation. Be sure of it when you are trying to read a body language signal.‎ ‎1. The numbers mentioned in the second paragraph are to_______.‎ A. explain what body language is B. show the importance of body language C. tell us body language is less used than verbal language D. tell us body language is the only tool in communication ‎2. What is the meaning of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?‎ A. Body language is widely used all over the world.‎ B. Body language can be explained in different ways. C. It's too hard to understand the meanings of body language. D. People have already looked through many books on body language.‎ ‎3. According to the writer, body language is very _______.‎ A. simple to learn B. negative to be used C. hard to understand D. helpful in communication ‎4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?‎ A. Body language is uncomfortable. B. What people are saying is not important. C. Body language can show your emotion. D. To send wrong signals is not body language ‎5. We can infer(推断) that the writer will most probably talk about_______ next.‎ A. what the wrong body language signals are B. examples of how to understand body language correctly. C. numbers about how many people wrongly use body language D. an analysis(分析) of why people wrongly understand body language ‎ Good communication skills are key to success in life, work and relationships. Without effective (有效的) communication, a message can turn into error, misunderstanding, or even disaster.      Communication is the process by which we exchange information between ‎ people. To communicate well is to understand and to be understood. Communication can be successful only when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information.      In today's highly informational and technological environment, it has become more important to have good communication skills. Here are some important steps to communicate effectively:      Know what you want to say and why. Understand clearly the purpose of your message. Know to whom you are communicating and why.      How will you say it? We all know that it's not always what you say, but how you say it, that matters. Begin by making eye contact. You show trust and confidence when you look at others in the eyes when you speak. Second, pay attention to your body language, since it can say so much more than your words. By standing with your arms easily at your side, you tell others that you are open to hearing what they have to say.       Communication is a two-way street. After you have said what you have to say, stop and listen. Practise your listening skills. Be considerate of other speakers by waiting until they've finished. While others are talking, listen carefully and never cut them off.‎