北师版初二下英语Unit5语法篇 教师版

北师版初二下英语Unit5语法篇 教师版

Unit 5 语法篇 ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________________‎ 学生通过本讲学习，能够掌握本单元的重点词汇句型，并在综合能力上有一定的拓展。‎ 直接引语变间接引语 ‎（一）人称: “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如: She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her. ‎ ‎“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如: He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。‎ ‎ “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如: Mr Smith said。 "Jack is a good worker。"→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 ‎ ‎（二）时态: 直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。‎ 如: 1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen ‎ ‎2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so. ‎ ‎(1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时 ‎ ‎(2) 现在进行时变为过去进行时 ‎ ‎(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时 ‎ ‎(4) 现在完成时变为过去完成时 ‎ ‎(5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时 ‎(6) 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。‎ ‎ ①直接引语是客观真理。 "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。 ‎ ‎②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如: Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。 ‎ ‎③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如: Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。‎ ‎④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如: He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →He said he gets up at six every morning。‎ ‎ ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，(例:could, should, would, might)不再变。如: Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →Peter said I had better go there that day。 ‎ ‎（三）如何变状语: 直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that),如: He said, "These books are mine." →He said those books were his. 指示代词 this……these these……those 表示时间的词 now……then today……that day this week(month ,etc)……that week (month ,etc) yesterday……the day before last week(month ,etc)……the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) ago……three days (a year. etc) before tomorrow……the next (following ) day next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc) 表地点的词 here……there 动词 bring……take come……go ‎ ‎（四）句型: ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes."→She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ‎ ‎②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:He said, "Can you swim, John?" →He asked John if he could swim. "You have finished the homework, haven‘t you?" my mother asked. →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ‎ ‎③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序)。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner. ‎ ‎④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如: "Don’t make any noise," she said to the children. →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she.→She asked him to bring her a cup of tea. ‎ ‎⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词(或从句)。”如: He said, "Let’s go to the film." →He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.‎ ‎1. She said to me that_______ might keep_______ book for two days.‎ A． she; this B．I; that C．I; this D．you; that ‎2. --- We said to her, "They're walking through the street now."‎ ‎--- We told her that ________through the street _________.‎ A．we were walking; then B．you are walking; now C．they were walking; then D． they walking; now ‎3. The man thought, "I shall take it back tomorrow."‎ The man thought that __________take it back_________.‎ A．I shall; tomorrow ‎ B．I shall; the next day C．he should; tomorrow D．he would; the next day ‎4.He said, "Mother, the boy is very naughty."‎ ‎ →He ________________ very naughty.‎ A．said his mother that the boy was B．said to his mother that the boy is C．told his mother that the boy was D． spoke to his mother that the boy was ‎5.Mrs Johnson said, “I drew the picture last week.”‎ Mrs Johnson said that ________the picture___________ .‎ A．she drew; the week before B．I had drawn; that week C．she had drawn; the week before D．I drew; the last week 解析：‎ 1. 直接引语变间接引语时, 代词要发生相应的变化, you 变成I,this变成that.故选B 2. 直接引语改间接引语要注意前后时态的一致。主句是一般过去时,从句也要改成相应的过去时。now要改成then.故选C 3. 主句为一般过去时,从句原来为将来时,要改成相应的过去将来时,同时人称和情态动词也要进行相应的变化故选D 4. 句意:他跟妈妈说那个男孩很淘气。陈述句变间接引语时,主句动词可以用tell;主句动词用一般过去时,间接引语也应用相应的过去时态,故答案选C 5. 主句是一般过去时,从句的动作发生在主句之前,要用现在完成时。同时时间状语也要相应地改变故选C 基础演练 一 单选 ‎1.He said that he ______ English for four years.‎ A. has learned B. had learned C. is learning D. was learning ‎2.Mr. Smith said he ______ very grateful to us for our kindness.‎ A. were B. was C. is D. am ‎3.John said that ______ wife always ______ coffee for breakfast.‎ A. him…drank B. her…drank C. his…drink D. his…drank ‎4.The teacher told Tom to finish_____ homework on time.‎ A. his… B. him C. her D. hers ‎5.The teacher said that he must bring _____ book to the classroom.‎ A. he B. him C. his D. she ‎6. He said he ______ this book.‎ A. like B. likes C. liked D. liking ‎7.He said that he ______ her the day before.‎ A. saw B. seen C. sees D. had seen ‎8.He said to me he ______tired.‎ A. is B. was C. were D. be ‎9. She said that he _______ waiting for an hour.‎ A. has been B. have been C. had been D. was been ‎10. He said the I _____ changed much.‎ A. haven’t B. hasn’t C. hadn’t D. to be haven’t 答案：1-5 BBDAC 6-10 CDBCC 二、用单词正确形式填空 ‎1 He told me that he ________(leave)his book in his room.‎ ‎2． She ______(say)that he would be busy.‎ ‎3． She asked Tom whether he _____(can)help her.‎ ‎4． She asked me whether that book was _____(I)or his.‎ ‎5． The teacher asked me how I _______(repair)it.‎ ‎6． The teacher ___(tell)the students not to ____(waste)their time.‎ ‎7． The mother asked Tom ______(get)up early.‎ ‎8． The teacher said that the earth ______(go)round the sun.‎ ‎9． My father said practice _____(make)perfect.‎ ‎10． The boy told ______(we)he usually gets up at six every day.‎ ‎ 答案; 1He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2． She said that he would be busy. 3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 7． The mother asked Tom to get up early. 8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 9． My father said practice makes perfect. 10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.‎ 巩固提高 把下列句子直接引语变间接引语 1． He said, “I’ve left my book in my room.”‎ ‎__________________________________‎ 1． She asked me, “Is this book yours or his?”‎ ‎___________________________________‎ 2． The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”‎ ‎__________________________________‎ 3． She said, “He will be busy.”‎ ‎__________________________________‎ 4． She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”‎ ‎__________________________________‎ 5． The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”‎ ‎__________________________________‎ 6． My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”‎ ‎_____________________________________‎ 7． The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”‎ ‎_______________________________________‎ 8． He said, “We are still students.”‎ ‎_______________________________‎ 10. ‎ He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”‎ ‎_______________________________‎ 答案：‎ ‎1 He told me that he had left his book in his room. 2． She said that he would be busy. 3． She asked Tom if /whether he could help her. 4． She asked me whether that book was mine or his. 5． The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 6． The teacher told the students not to waste their time. 7． The mother asked Tom to get up early. 8． The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 9． My father said practice makes perfect. 10． The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.‎ ‎1. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. → Jack said _____________.‎ A．that I am a teacher B．I was a teacher C．that he is a teacher D．he was a teacher ‎2. My cousin said, “I went to a concert three days ago.” ‎ ‎→My cousin told me that ______ _____a concert ______.‎ A．he; had gone to; three days before B．he; went to; three days ago C．I; had gone to; three days ago D．I; went to; three days before ‎3. She said she would return the dictionary to me _________.‎ A．tomorrow B．last day C．the next day D．next day ‎4. --- The earth goes round the sun.‎ ‎--- What did he say? I couldn't hear him.‎ ‎--- ____________________.‎ A．He says the earth goes round the sun B．He said the earth goes round the sun C．He said the earth went round the sun D．He says the earth went round the sun ‎5. He said to me, “You will pass the exam tomorrow.”‎ He________ me that _________the exam __________.‎ A．said to; he would pass; the next day B．told; he would; next day C．said to; I would pass; next day D．told; I would pass; the next day ‎6. --- "Helen, I will come this morning," John said.‎ ‎--- John _________________________.‎ A．told Helen he will come this morning B．said to Helen I would go that morning C．said Helen he would come that morning D．told Helen he would go that morning ‎7. --- I can speak three languages.‎ ‎--- What did she say?‎ ‎--- She said that she ___________three languages.‎ A． spoke B．could spoke C．could D．could speak ‎8. He said, “The boy is cleaning the window now.” ‎ ‎→He _________________cleaning the window ________.‎ A．said that the boy was; then B．said that the boy is; then C．said that the boy was; now D． said that the boy is; now ‎9.We said to her, "They're walking through the street yesterday."‎ We told her that_________ through the street_______ .‎ A．we were walking; yesterday B．you are walking; yesterday C．they were walking; the day before D． they walking; the day before ‎10.I shall tell him, "I have written to you and her twice."‎ I shall tell him that ___have written to____ and __twice.‎ A．I; him; her B．you; him; her C．I; you; me D．you; me; her 答案1-5 DACBD 6-10 DDACA 二、完型: 重庆2019年初三第三次月考考试 Are you nervous when you stand in front of the public? Are you afraid to make a speech?‎ Li Jun, a middle school boy, felt shy when he was making a speech the other day. Li had thought it would be quite easy to speak in front of 1 classmates.‎ ‎"I was wrong. It was very different and much 2 than talking to my classmates during playtime," Li said. "I tried, but it was really difficult to speak. I felt like a mute(哑巴) and wanted to leave the classroom 3."‎ Li is not alone. Many middle school students now have the same 4: they can talk about their ideas freely 5 their best friends after class, but can't speak in public. According to Zhou Hong, a teacher from a university, the main reason is that schools in China pay more attention to writing instead of 6.‎ Zhou hopes schools can give students more chances to open their 7, such as speech competitions, English corners and class discussions. Students can join in any one they want to. 8 he also gives some advice to students. "During your free time you should 9 more. When you're speaking in public, take it easy. Just imagine you're talking to nobody and speak up your ideas clearly," Zhou said. "That 10 a fine public speech and you'll feel confident."‎ ‎1A．her B．my C．your D．his ‎2.A．harder B．easier C．better D．later ‎3.A．slowly B．quickly C．sadly D．happily ‎4.A．answer B．subject C．problem D．question ‎5.A．except B．beside C．from D．with ‎6.A．listening B．speaking C．reading D．singing ‎7.A．mouths B．eyes C．minds D．hearts ‎8.A．But B．So C．And D．Or ‎9.A．play B．practice C．write D．watch ‎10.A．reports B．keeps C．hears D．makes 答案：1-5DABCD 6-10BACBD ‎ A It's the week before school starts. Alice is shopping for clothes with two friends, Nina and Vicki. Alice puts on a black jacket, turns to her friends, and says, "Hey, what do you think?"‎ The girls look at her and both start laughing. "No way, Alice!"‎ Nina laughs."That's a man's jacket."‎ Alice feels a little angry. "Yeah, well... I like it."‎ ‎"Yeah," says Vicki, "but what will people at school say?"‎ Alice thinks for a moment. Then she takes off the jacket. "Yeah, you're right." Peer pressure. We all know about it. Your friends wear certain clothes or listen to certain music. You don't want to be different. So you do those things too.‎ Fifteen minutes later, Alice is still thinking about the black jacket. "Yeah, there's pressure to follow others," she explains. "If your clothes or hair are different, people make fun of you. You know, they laugh and point."‎ Vicki agrees. "It's true. You even have to have a certain kind of boyfriend or girlfriend! I think these 'rules' are childish(幼稚的). But when you're different, you feel like an outsider. And that's hard."‎ Alice walks away.‎ ‎"Hey Alice," calls Nina. "Where are you going?"‎ ‎"To get the black jacket. I don't care what others think. I like it, and I'm buying it."‎ ‎1.Why does Alice take off the jacket?‎ A．It's too expensive.‎ B．She doesn't take enough money with her.‎ C．She doesn't like the color.‎ D． She's worried about her friends' opinions.‎ ‎2.What is the meaning of peer pressure in this passage?‎ A．You want to be like your friends, so you do what they do.‎ B．You want to be different from your friends and classmates.‎ C．You want to give your clothes to your friends to wear.‎ D． You want to buy as many clothes as your classmates do.‎ ‎3.What happens in the end?‎ A．Alice goes to buy the jacket.‎ B．Alice gets angry and goes home alone.‎ C．Alice doesn't buy the jacket.‎ D． Alice doesn't go shopping with her friends.‎ ‎4.What is the main idea of this passage?‎ A．Young people should follow others.‎ B．Girls have different ideas about the jacket.‎ C．Girls like wearing different kinds of clothes.‎ D．Young people care much about what others think.‎ B Dear Dr. Smith,‎ My mom always keeps asking me, "What's going on?" If I want to go to a concert, she asks whom I will go with. I think that's my own business(事情). Sometimes it looks like she doesn't trust(信任) me. It makes me very sad. How can I get her to stop?‎ Katie Dear Katie,‎ Many young people have the same problem as you. If you don't talk much with your parents, they might feel they need to ask you questions to know about your life. It seems to you that your mom is getting into your business, but I think she's just trying to keep a close relationship(关系) with you. In fact, some experts(专家) often tell parents to stay close to their kids by asking them about what's going on in their life.‎ Some parents do this better than others, of course. But, unluckily, some parents ask questions because they don't trust their kids. So start by trying to trust your mom. She is probably just trying to stay close to you because she loves and cares about you. You can have a talk with her about it.‎ Of course, that doesn't make the questions less boring. If you're tired of so many questions, tell your mom about your day before she asks. If you offer(提供) more information, conversations with your mom won't seem like she's just asking you too many questions!‎ If you do this, I'm sure you can get on well with your mom.‎ Dr. Smith ‎5.Katie's problem is that .‎ A．she is sad about the person at the concert B．she doesn't like or care about her mother C．her mother always asks her lots of questions D．her mother doesn't want her to make new friends ‎6.Dr. Smith thinks Katie's mother probably .‎ A．doesn't love Katie B．doesn't trust Katie C．tries to stay close to Katie D． tries to get into Katie's business ‎7.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A．Katie's problem is a special one to young people.‎ B．Dr. Smith believes that all parents trust their kids.‎ C．Dr. Smith's advice is to answer all of Katie's mother's questions.‎ D．Some experts suggest parents should ask their kids about their life.‎ ‎8.In which column(栏目) can we find this passage in a magazine?‎ A．Humans and Nature.‎ B．Problems and Advice.‎ C．Sports.‎ D．Health.‎ C Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here is some advice for you to bridge the generation gap (代沟).‎ Don't argue with your parents. Don't talk to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably ‎ won't consider your ideas if you shout at them. And you can't express yourself well if you are angry. Go to some place to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment,try writing a letter.‎ Try to reach a compromise(妥协). Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. If that happens, it is especially important to show love and respect(尊敬) to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong.‎ Talk about your values(价值观). The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding values might help them see your purpose in life.‎ ‎9.Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you .‎ A．often go home late B．don't speak to them calmly C．write a letter to them D． express yourself well ‎10.The phrase "cool off" in this passage probably means .‎ A．have dinner B．make yourself happy C．get quiet and calm D． have fun ‎11.If there is really a generation gap between you and your parents, you'd better .‎ A．agree with them all the time B．keep away from them C．know about their hobbies D． have a talk with them often ‎12.From the passage we learn that ____________.‎ A．there are some good ways to bridge the generation gap B．parents and children should not have a generation gap C．parents should show love and respect to their children D．there are so many serious problems in the family today 答案：A：DAAD B：CCDB C:BCDA ‎_________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎_________________________________________________________________________________‎