人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11SectionB教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11SectionB教材全解

人教版初中英语七年级下册Unit11SectionB教材全解 Unit 11 How was your school trip?‎ Unit 11 Section B课文全析 ‎1.visit a museum参观博物馆 ‎【重点注释】museum名词，博物馆。art museum美术博物馆，history museum历史博物馆，space museum太空博物馆，science museum科学博物馆 ‎【拓展记忆】动词短语：go to the zoo去动物园，visit a museum参观博物馆，ride a horse骑马，climb a mountain爬山，visit a fire station参观消防站，go fishing去钓鱼。类似的短语还有：go swimming去游泳，go shopping去购物，go skating去滑冰，go camping去露营，go skateboarding去踩滑板，go to the countryside去农村/乡下，go to an art museum去美术博物馆，draw pictures画画。‎ ‎2. visit a fire station参观消防站 ‎【重点注释】fire此处为名词作定语。当fire作物质名词“火”讲时为不可数名词，而作“炉火，火灾”讲时则是可数名词。例如：Don’t play with fire,because it’s very dangerous.不要玩火，因为它很危险。There was a big fire in the next street last night.昨晚临街起了大火。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1）be on fire着火。例如：The factory was on fire yesterday.昨天那家工厂着火了。2）make a fire生火。例如：Let’s make a fire.让我们生火吧。‎ ‎3.saw some paintings看到一些油画 ‎【重点注释】painting可数名词，意为“油画，绘画”，其动词形式为paint，意为“绘画，给……上油漆”，当动词“画画”讲时同义词是draw。例如：I saw some paintings.我看到了一些油画。Can you paint?=Can you draw?你会画画吗？My elder sister is learning to paint in a school.我姐姐在一所学校里学绘画。He painted the wall red.他把墙涂成了红色。‎ ‎4.Today I went on a school trip.今天我参加学校郊游了。‎ ‎【重点注释】go on a trip表示“外出旅行”，相当于have a trip。go on a trip to…表示“到……去旅行”。go on a school trip进行/参加学校的郊游活动。例如：Do you want to go on a trip with me?你想和我一起去旅行吗？He went on a trip to Shanghai.他去上海旅行了。【拓展】go on常与旅行、远足、野餐、航海类名词连用，意为“去……”。例如：go on a hike去远足，go on a picnic去野餐，go on a visit去访问，go on a vacation去度假 ‎5.We got there so fast by train.我们乘火车很快就到达了那里。‎ ‎【重点注释】fast此处作副词，意为“快地”，修饰动词短语go there，其反义词是slowly，意为“慢地”。例如：The boy runs fast.这个男孩跑得快。You are walking too fast for me to catch up with you.你走得太快了，我赶不上你。【拓展】fast还可作形容词，意为“快的”，其反义词是slow，意为“慢的”。例如：A train is very fast.火车很快。We take a fast train.我们可以乘快车。【辨析】fast与quickly的区别：fast强调动作速度之快。例如：Li Ming can run very fast.李明能跑得很快。quickly指动作敏捷或完成得快。例如：He had breakfast quickly and then went to school.他快速吃完早饭去上学了。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】fast与quick fast 既可作形容词又可作副词，仅指动作的速度快。‎ She ran as fast as she could.她尽可能快地跑。‎ This is a fast horse.这是一匹快马。‎ quick 作形容词，意为“快的”，其副词形式为quickly。通常指某一动作来得突然或时间持续很短，还可治思维敏捷，不强调速度。‎ He had a quick look at it.‎ 他匆匆地扫了它一眼。‎ Be quick!快点儿！‎ ‎6.Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot.然后，导游教我们怎样制作一个机器人模型。‎ ‎【重点注释】①taught为teach的过去式，teach此处作及物动词，后接“疑问词+动词不定式”，teach sb.how to do sth.教某人如何做某事。例如：Let me teach you how to use the computer.让我教你怎么操作电脑。My mother often teaches me how to cook food.我妈妈经常教我怎样做饭。【拓展】teach oneself意为“自学”，相当于learn by oneself。例如：She teaches herself English.=She learns English by herself.她自学英语。‎ ‎②how to make a model robot为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。在此结构中，疑问词包括疑问代词what，which，who，whose和疑问副词when，where，how，why。这些疑问词和动词不定式一起构成了动词不定式短语。这种结构在句中除了不能作谓语外，可作主语、宾语、表语等。例如：When to start is a problem.何时出发，是个问题。（作主语）Where to go is still a question.到哪里去还是个问题。（作主语）I don’t know what to do next.我不知道接下来（下一步）该做些什么。（作宾语）I don’t know how to spell the work.我不知道怎样拼写这个单词。（作宾语）I know where to find the boy.我知道在哪里能找到这个男孩。（作宾语）I really can’t decide where to go.我真的不能决定该去哪里。（作宾语）Can you teach me how to make dumplings?你能教给我如何包水饺吗？（作宾语）The difficulty is how to finish the work on time.困难是如何按时完成工作。（作表语）The question is how to learn English well.问题是怎么学好英语。（作表语）‎ ‎【练习】一、选择：1.Please tell me _____ our tickets. A. what to show B.where use C.where to show 2.He didn’t know _____.A. when to do B.what to do C.why to do 3. We don’t know _____.A. what to start B.how start C.when to start 4.She would like to know _____ to the People’s Park.A.when to go B.what to go C.where to go . （CBCA） 二、翻译：1、怎样到泰山还是个问题。____ ____ ____ Mount‎ ‎Tai is still a problem. 2、那个年轻人不知道怎么做。The young man didn’t know ____ ____ ____.3、问题是怎样处理这件事。The question is ____ ____ ____ ____ the matter. 4、给她买什么还不知道。____ ____ ____ _____ is unknown. ‎ ‎5、打扰了，你能告诉我怎样到机场吗？Excuse me. Can you tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ the airport? Excuse me. Can you tell me ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ the airport?（1.How to reach 2. what to do 3. what to do with 4. what to buy her 5. how to get to ; how I can get to）‎ ‎【试题链接】The math problem is so hard.I really don’t know .‎ A.how to do it B.how to do C.what to do it ‎（句意：这道数学题如此难，我真的不知道如何做。How to do it为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，意为“如何做它”。答案：A）‎ ‎7.After that,I went to the gift shop and bought some lovely gifts for my parents.后来（在那之后），我去了礼品店并为我的父母买了一些可爱的礼物。‎ ‎【重点注释】①gift可数名词，意为“礼物；赠品”，与present同义。例如：Thanks for your gift.谢谢你的礼物。He gave her the notebook as a gift.他把那个笔记本当做一份礼物送给了她。‎ ‎②and连接的两个并列谓语went和bought的时态一致。and可以连接语法作用相同的词、短语或句子，表示并列或对称的关系，可意为“和”“并”“又”等。例如：Lucy and Lily go to the park every week.露西和莉莉每周都去公园。They love playing football and we love playing football,too.他们喜欢踢足球，我们也喜欢踢足球。We jumped and sang at the party.在晚会上，我们又唱又跳。He went to the book shop and bought a new book.他去了书店，并买了一本新书。‎ ‎③lovely形容词，意为“可爱的，秀丽的，美丽的”，既可用来修饰人，也可以修饰物，修饰人时强调“给人一种愉快的感觉”。。例如：What a lovely girl!多么可爱的女孩！The lovely boy has beautiful blonde curly hair.这个可爱的小男孩留着漂亮的金黄色的卷发。We can see lovely views here.在这里我们能看到美丽的景色。【注意】英语中有一些和lovely一样以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词：friendly友好的，lively轻快的/活跃的，lonely孤单的/寂寞的。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1）lovely还可用来描述天气状况，意为“美好的，晴朗的”。例如：What a lovely day it is!多么晴朗的天啊！2）love动词，意为“喜爱”，可跟名词或代词作宾语，也可构成love to do/doing sth.，即love后跟动词可用动词不定式也可用动词-ing形式。例如：We love our country.我们热爱我们的国家。He loves to play chess with me.他喜欢和我下象棋。I love listening to music.我喜欢听音乐。‎ ‎【试题链接】Those toys for children look and sell .‎ A.good;lovely B.lovely;good C.well;lovely D.lovely;well ‎（句意为：那些儿童玩具看起来可爱且卖得好。Look为连系动词，意为“看起来”，后接形容词lovely作表语；sell为不及物动词，后接副词well作状语。答案：D）‎ ‎8.They weren’t expensive.他们（礼品）不贵。‎ ‎【重点注释】expensive是形容词，意为“昂贵的”，相当于dear，其反义词为cheap或inexpensive。例如：I don’t want to buy the expensive shirt.我不想买这件昂贵的衬衫。It’s expensive to travel by plane.坐飞机旅行很贵。‎ ‎【比较记忆】expensive与high的区别：‎ expensive 表示“昂贵的；花钱多的”；cheap表示“廉价的；便宜的”，其主语必须是货物、物品本身。‎ high 表示价格“高”，low表示价格“低”，其主语为price。‎ 例如：This car is expensive,but that one is cheap.这辆车贵，但那辆车便宜。‎ The price of this watch is very high.这块手表的价格很高。‎ ‎【试题链接】The price of the sweater is very .I can’t afford it.‎ A.expensive B.cheap C.high ‎ ‎（表示价格（price）高低用high和low，不能用expensive和cheap。答案：C）‎ ‎9.All in all,it was an exciting day.总之，这是激动人心的一天。‎ ‎【重点注释】①all in all意为“总的来说；总之，总而言之；整体上说”，常用于句首，用来对所阐述的内容进行概括性总结及归纳。例如：All in all,it is a great success。总的来说，它非常成功。All in all,the movie was quite good.总的来说，这部电影还是相当不错的。All in all,you did very well.总之，你干得很好。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】all in all,in all与at all all in all 意为“总的来说”，常用于句首 All in all,we had a good time.‎ 总的来说，我们过得愉快。‎ in all 意为“总共，合计”，既可放句首，也可放句末。‎ There are thirty students in all.‎ 共有30名学生。‎ at all 意为“根本”，常用于否定句，not at all意为“根本不，一点儿也不”。‎ He doesn’t like apples at all.‎ 他根本不喜欢苹果。‎ ‎②cxciting是形容词，意为“令人激动的；令人兴奋的”，an exciting movie一部令人激动的电影。例如：I thind swimming in the sea is is excithing.认为在海里游泳令人激动。‎ ‎【比较记忆】1）exciting是形容词，意为“令人激动的，令人兴奋的；激动人心的，感到兴奋的”，用来修饰事或物。例如：The bus trip was very cxciting.这次公共汽车旅行很令人兴奋。2）excited是形容词，意为“令人兴奋的”，其主语是人。例如：She is cxcited to learn the exciting news.她听到这个令人兴奋的小心很激动。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】1）exciting是形容词，意为“令人激动的；令人兴奋的”，用来修饰事或物。例如：The film is very exciting.这部电影很令人激动。2）excited意为“令人兴奋的”，其主语是人。例如：She is excited to learn the exciting news.他听到这个令人兴奋的消息很激动。‎ ‎【试题链接】Everyone was when they heard the news.‎ A.exciting;cxciting B.excited;cxciting ‎ C.exciting;excited D.excited,excited 考查形容词的解析。句意：“当听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，每个人都激动不已”。excited人感到兴奋，修饰人；exciting令人兴奋的，指物体令人兴奋，修饰物。答案：B）‎ ‎10.I think today’s school trip was terrible.我认为今天的学校郊游非常糟糕。‎ ‎【重点注释】本句为含有宾语从句的主从复合句。主句为一般现在时，宾语从句根据具体情况选用所需时态。例如：I think he is a good boy.我认为他是个好男孩。I don’t know when the train left.我不知道火车是什么时候离开的。Can you tell me who she is looking for?你能告诉我她正在找谁吗？‎ ‎【拓展记忆】当主句的主语是第一人称且谓语是think，believe等词时，要对宾语从句进行否定时，常把否定转移到主句上来，即“否定转移”。例如：I don’t think he can answer this question.我认为他答不出这个问题。I don’t think he is a teacher.我认为她不是一名老师。‎ ‎11.It was so hot on the slow train.在缓慢的火车上很热。/坐在缓慢的火车上，天气炎热。‎ ‎【重点注释】slow此处用作形容词，意为“缓慢的，迟缓的”，其反义词为fast/quick。例如：Why are you so slow?Hurry up!It’s late.你怎么这么慢？快点儿！要迟到了。He likes listening to slow music.他喜欢听慢节奏的音乐。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】slow与slowly slow My clock is slow.我的表慢了。I told the driver to go slow.我告诉司机慢慢开车。He’s a slow walker.他走起路来慢吞吞的。Look!His car is slow.看！他的车太慢了。You have to slow down your car at the ‎ 作形容词时，意为“缓慢的，迟缓的”，可作定语或表语；作副词时，意为“缓慢地，慢慢地”。可用于口语中，不可用于句首，可与how连用；常和go,drive或pass连用且位于其后。slow还可用作动词，意为“放慢；减速”。‎ crossing.在十字路口，你得放慢速度。 ‎ slowly 副词，意为“缓慢地，慢慢地”，可置于句首或动词之后（或前）修饰动词 Slowly he ate.他慢慢吃。She is working slowly.他在慢慢地工作。He slowly opened the door.He stands up slowly..He slowly walked past the house.‎ ‎12.Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that.一切都是关于机器人的，我对那方面不感兴趣。‎ ‎【重点注释】‎ ‎①everything为不定代词，意为“所有事物；一切”，可用于肯定句、疑问句中。复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：I hope everything goes well.我希望一切顺利。Who can know everything?谁能知道万事万物呢？Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。Everything goes well.一切进展顺利。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】everything是由“every+thing”构成，类似单词有：everyboy人人/每人，everyday每日的/平常的，everywhere到处，无论何处 ‎【试题链接】You looked worried.Is all right?‎ A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing ‎（句意：“你看起来很焦虑。一切都好吗？”。everything意为“一切”.答案：A）‎ ‎【试题链接】——Just a minute,Tom.Is this the report you need to hand in today?‎ ‎ ——Oh,yes,Mum.I thought I had put in my schoolbag.Thank you.‎ A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing ‎（考查不定代词的用法。答句句意：“我认为我已经吧所有要带的东西放在我的书包里了。” 答案：A）‎ ‎②interested形容词，意为“感兴趣的”，通常用来作表语，一般修饰人。be interested in…意为“对……感兴趣”，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。例如：I’m interested in the film.我对这部电影感兴趣。The students are interested in computer games.学生们对电脑游戏很感兴趣。My sister is interested in playing the guitar.我姐姐对弹吉他很感兴趣。【注意】be interested in=get/become interested in=take/show/feel (an ) interest in (此处interest是名词，意为“兴趣”，不用复数；短语中的an可带可不带)。例如：Her grandfather is interested in Beijing Opera.她的爷爷对京剧很感兴趣。Young people show interest in 3D movies.年轻人对3D电影表现出很浓厚的兴趣。（注意画线部分替换）‎ ‎【辨析记忆】interested，interesting与interest interested 形 容 词 ‎“感到有趣的”，只作表语，主语是人。be interested in sth.对某事(物)感兴趣；be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣。‎ I’m interested in English.我对英语感兴趣。He is interested in playing football.他对踢足球感兴趣。I’m not interested in art.我对艺术不感兴趣。‎ interesting 形 容 词 ‎“有趣的”，作表语或定语，主语是物。‎ That is an interesting film.那是一部有趣的电影。The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。‎ interest 名 词 ‎“兴趣”‎ places of interest名胜 He knows many places of interest.他知道许多名胜。‎ Hia main interests are reading and playing the piano.他主要的兴趣是读书和弹钢琴。His two great interests in life are music and painting.‎ ‎ 音乐和绘画是他生活中的两大嗜好。‎ ‎【试题链接】The story is and all of us are in it.‎ A.interest;interesting B.interesting;interest C.interested;interesting D.interesting;interested ‎（形容词interesting通常修饰事物；形容词interested通常修饰人。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。答案：D）‎ ‎【试题链接】——Peter has changed a lot,hasn’t he?‎ ‎——Yes.He used to the guitar,but now he is more in playing soccer.‎ A.plays;interested B.play;interested C.plays;interesting D.playing;interest ‎（used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，interesting修饰物，interested修饰人。根据句意“他过去常常弹吉他，但是现在他对踢足球更感兴趣了。” 答案：B）‎ ‎13.The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos,so I didn’t take any.房间真的很暗，很难拍照，因为我没有拍。‎ ‎【重点注释】①dark此处用作形容词，意为“黑暗的；昏暗的”，反义词为bright，意为“光明的”。例如：It’s getting dark.天快黑了。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1）dark作形容词，还可意为“（颜色）深的”，反义词为light，意为“（颜色）浅的”。例如：I like dark blue.我喜欢深蓝色。2）dark还可作名词，意为“黑暗，暗处”。例如：We could see nothing in the dark.我们在黑暗中什么也看不见。Some children are afraid of the dark.有些小孩怕黑。‎ ‎②It’s +adj.+（for sb.）+to do sth.为固定句型，意为“（对某人来说，）做某事是……的”。例如：It’s easy for me to sing a song.对我来说，唱首歌很容易。It’s exciting to play with snow in winter.冬天，玩雪是很令人兴奋的一件事。It’s very easy for the little boy to remember a new word.这个小男孩记住一个生词挺容易。‎ ‎【辨析记忆】It’s +adj.+ for sb. +to do sth.与It’s +adj.+of sb. +to do sth.两者都是“对某人来说，做某事是……的”。用法：用of 的话，adj是用来形容sb的。即形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。故可以换成sb. is adj. to do sth.比如：It’s nice of you to help me.‎=you are nice to help me.It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮我，真好。It’s clever of you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。用for的话，是因为前面的adj.是用来描述to do后面的sth，即形容词仅仅是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for sb.的这类形容词有difficult，easy，hard，important，interesting，necessary，dangerous，（im）possible等。如：It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。It’s difficult for us to finish the work.对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。‎ ‎【试题链接】It’s dangerous with the wild animal.‎ A.for us to play B.of us playing ‎ C.for us playing D.of us to play ‎（it作形式主语的句式，其结构为：It’s +adj.+ for/of sb. +to do sth.。真正的主语是动词不定式。如果形容词不是表示人的品质时，要用介词for。答案：A）‎ ‎14.There were also too many people and I couldn’t really see or hear the guide.也有太多的人，我真的不能看到或听到导游（说话）。‎ ‎【重点注释】①too many“太多”，后接可数名词复数。例如：There are too many ‎ people in the park.公园里人太多。‎ ‎【比较记忆】too many,too much与much too的区别：1）too many意为“太多”，后跟可数名词复数。There are too many people in the supermarket today.今天超市里有太多的人。2）too much意为“太多”，后跟不可数名词。例如：I have too much homework to do this weekend.这个周末我有太多的作业要做。3）much too意为“极其；非常；太……”，相当于副词very，修饰形容词或副词。例如：The book is much too expensive.这本书太贵。‎ ‎②hear此处用作及物动词，意为“听到，听说，听见”，动词形式hear-hears-hearing ‎-heard。例如：I heard a strange noise in the middle of the night.半夜里我听到一种奇怪的声音。I often hear him sing in that room.我经常听到他在那个房间里唱歌。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】1）hear sb.do sth.意为“听到某人做了某事”，表示动作已经发生。例如：I heard him play the violin just now.刚才我听到他拉小提琴。2）hear sb.doing sth.意为“听到某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在进行。例如：I heard her singing in the next room.我听到她正在隔壁房间唱歌。3）hear of/about 听说。例如：I heard of/about the popular singer.我听说过那位流行歌手。4）hear from sb.收到某人的来信。例如：Did you hear from your son last week?上周你收到你儿子的来信了吗？‎ ‎【比较记忆】hear，listen与sound的区别：1）hear意为“听见，听说，听到”，强调“听”的结果。例如：She listened but could hear nothing.她听了，但什么也没能听到。2）listen意为“听”，指有目的、有意识地去听，强调“听”的动作。后接宾语时其后要加to。例如：Listen!Who is singing?听！谁在唱歌？3）sound意为“听起来”，作连系动词， 其后接形容词作表语，还可以与like连用。例如：That sounds good.那听起来不错。That sounds like a good idea.那听起来像是个好主意。‎ ‎【试题链接】Excuse me.I didn’t you clearly.Would you say it again?.‎ A.hear B.call C.see D.find ‎（hear听见；call打电话；see看见；find找到。句意：“劳驾，我听不清楚你（说的话），你可以再说一下吗？”。由下文“say it again”可知前句”听不清楚“，强调听的结果用hear。答案：A）‎ ‎15.I didn’t like the trip at all.我一点儿都不喜欢这次行程。‎ ‎【重点注释】not…at all意为“根本不，完全不，一点儿也不，丝毫也不”。例如：I don’t like eating meat at all.我一点儿都不喜欢吃肉。My brother doesn’t like watching TV.我哥哥一点也不喜欢看电视。I don’t like apples at all.我一点也不喜欢苹果。‎ ‎【拓展记忆】not at all=you’re welcome.不用谢，别客气，不介意……。not at all 是口语中一个十分常用的表达，其实际意思往往与其字面意思相去甚远。‎ 一、用于回答感谢，意为“不用谢；不客气”。如：‎ A：Thank you very much. 多谢你了。‎ B：Not at all. 不客气。‎ A：Thanks for helping me. 谢谢你帮助我。‎ B：Not at all. I enjoyed it. 别客气，很高兴能帮你。‎ A：Thank you very much. 非常感谢你。‎ B：Not at all. It was the least I could do. 不用谢，这是我应该做的。‎ 二、用于回答带有感谢性质的客套话，意为“没什么；哪里哪里”。如：‎ A：You are very kind. 你真好。‎ B：Not at all. 没什么。‎ A：It’s very kind of you. 你真客气。‎ B：Not at all. 哪里哪里。‎ 三、用于回答道歉，意为“没关系”。如：‎ A：I’m sorry I’m late. 对不起，我迟到了。‎ B：Oh, not at all, do come in. 噢，没关系，请进来。‎ A：I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。‎ B：Oh, not at all. I’ve been here only a few minutes. 哦，没关系，我也刚到几分钟。‎ 四、用来表示否定(是No的加强说法)，意为“一点也不；完全不”。如：‎ A：Are you busy? 你忙吗?‎ B：Not at all. 一点不忙。‎ A：Is it difficult to study English? 英语难学吗?‎ B：Not at all. 一点不难。‎ A：I’ll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? ‎ 我要因公出差，请帮我照看一下我的猫，你介意吗?‎ B：Not at all. I’ll be happy to. 一点不介意，我很乐意。‎ A：Do you like the book?你喜欢这本书吗？‎ B：Not at all.一点也不。‎