天津初一英语下册知识点总汇

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天津初一英语下册知识点总汇

天津初一英语下册知识点总汇 ‎◆Unit 1.Where’s the post office?‎ 目标语言:ask for and give directions on the street 重点句型:Is there a bank near here? Yes, there’s a bank on Center Street.‎ ‎ Is there a supermarket? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.‎ ‎ Where’s the supermarket? It’s next to the library.‎ ‎ The pay phone is across from the library.‎ ‎ The pay phone is next to the library.‎ ‎ The pay phone is between the post office and the library.‎ ‎ The pay phone is on Green Street.‎ ‎ Just go straight and turn left. ‎ ‎ It’s down Bridge Street on the right. It’s next to a supermarket.‎ ‎ Is there a big supermarket near where you live?‎ 重点词组:across from, on the street, between…and…, next to, in the neighborhood, go straight, turn left, on the right(left), on the avenue, take a walk, in the hotel, the beginning of, have fun doing, on a bench, the way to, take a taxi, go down, go through, have a good trip,welcome to+n.,the way to+n去。。。的路,hope to do 知识点:‎ ‎1.there be 句型 ‎ ‎(1)there be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人。 ‎ ‎(2)各种句型结构: ‎ ‎   肯定句: There+be (is/are) +某物/某人+地点/时间。 ‎ ‎   否定句: There+be(is/are)+not+某物/某人+地点/时间。 ‎ ‎   一般疑问句: Be(Is/Are)+there+某物/某人+地点/时间? ‎ ‎   特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be(is/are)+there+其它? ‎ ‎    e.g. There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。 ‎ ‎      否定句: There isn't a pencil on the desk. 桌子上没有铅笔。 ‎ ‎      一般疑问句: Is there a pencil on the desk? 桌子上有铅笔吗? ‎ ‎      特殊疑问句(划线部分提问): What's on the desk? 桌子上有什么? ‎ ‎ 注意: ‎ ‎  There be后面所接的某物有多个时,谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定,即就近原则。 ‎ ‎  e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk. ‎ ‎     我的桌子上有一支钢笔,一个铅笔盒和一些书。 ‎ ‎   There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk. ‎ ‎2.Where引导的特殊疑问句 句式:Where +一般疑问句?‎ 用法:表示“在哪儿”,提问地点,方位等。‎ 1) 询问来自何处 ‎-Where are you from?‎ ‎-I am from England.‎ ‎2) 询问去何处 ‎ -Where are you going?‎ ‎ - I am going to the zoo.‎ ‎3) 询问物品位置 ‎ -Where are my shoes?‎ ‎ -They are under your bed.‎ ‎4) 询问某人位置 ‎ -Where is Tom?‎ ‎ -Look! He is in the tall tree.‎ ‎【注意】1和不熟悉的英美人见面打招呼时,不能问Where are you going?因为这涉及到对方的隐私。否则,对方有可能说“It’s none of your business.”这不管你的事。‎ ‎ 2.在英语中,询问某人地址在哪,用What’s your address?‎ ‎ 3. 在回答某人,某物所处的位置时,一定要用准表示方位的介词。如at,in,on,next to, near等。‎ ‎3.本单元的方位介词 ‎ across from在。。。对面 ‎ next to 紧挨着 ‎ between …and在。。。与。。。之间 ‎ on 在。。。。上 ‎ in 在。。。。里 ‎4.词语辨析 across & through ‎ Across 和through两个介词都有“穿过”的意思, 用法却不同。Across的含义与on有关,表示动作在某一物体的表面进行,常指从宽度意思上讲的“横穿/跨”。Through的含义in有关,表示动作在某物体的空间进行。‎ ‎ Arrive in& arrive at Arrive at表示到达较小的地方;arrive in表示到达较大的地方。‎ ‎5.Let sb.(宾格)do sth.让某人做某事。Let后面的动词要用动词原形。‎ ‎6.问路的句式小结:‎ ‎1)“特殊疑问句”类句型 a) Excuse me. Where is the …,please?‎ b) Excuse me. Which is the way to the…,please?‎ c) Excuse me. How can I get to the…, please?‎ ‎2)“一般疑问句”类句型 a) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the…?‎ b) Could /Can you tell me the way to the…?‎ c) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the…,please?‎ d) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to the…?‎ e) Excuse me. Is this the right way to the…?‎ f) Excuse me. Do you know the way to the…?‎ ‎◆unit 2 Why do you like koala bears?‎ 目标语言:Describe animals; express preferences 重点句型:Let’s see the lions.‎ ‎ Why do you want to see the lions? Because they are cute.‎ ‎ Why does he like koala bears? Because they are kind of interesting.‎ ‎ Where are lions from? They are from Africa.‎ ‎ What animals do you like? I like elephants.‎ ‎ What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too.‎ 重点词组:want to do sth.想要做某事,kind of有点儿,be from=come from来自,…years old。。。岁,play with与。。。一起玩,at night在夜里,在晚上,get up起床,every day每天,look at 看,give sb. sth=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人,be friendly to sb对某人友好(强调对某人的态度)be friendly with sb和某人友好(强调和某人的关系)in a friendly way以友好的方式,go to sleep就寝,入睡 get to sleep入睡(由于某种原因睡不着,想方设法入睡)fall asleep入睡(入睡的状态)go to bed上床睡觉(不一定睡着)‎ 知识点:‎ 1. why ,what, where引导的特殊疑问句及其回答 1) 句型结构:Why/What/Where+一般疑问句?‎ 2) 语法功能:why用来询问原因,what一般用来对物提问,另外what还用来对职业提问,如,What is he?他是做什么的?,where对地点提问。‎ 2. kind的用法 kind of有点,稍微;a kind of一种;kinds of各种 kind 作形容词,为“善良的,好心的”She is a kind woman.她是个善良的女人。‎ 3. Other作形容词时,为“其他的,另外的”,用做定语。后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。‎ 4. 年龄的表达方式 He is 12 years old.‎ He is 12.‎ His age is 12.‎ ‎5. Isn’t he cute?此句为否定疑问句,表达一种赞赏,往往不需要对方回答,句末用降调。如,Isn’t the film very interesting?难道这部电影不是很有趣吗?‎ ‎ Doesn’t he like watching TV?难道他不喜欢看电视吗?‎ ‎【注意】在回答这种否定疑问句时,和汉语的习惯不同。如果是肯定回答,用yes开头,如果是否定回答,用no开头。但是翻译成汉语时,yes或no要按其反意翻译。如,Doesn’t he want to go there? Yes, he does.难道他不想去那里吗?不, 他想去。‎ ‎6.during在…期间,在某段时间内,如I like traveling during summer holidays. 我喜欢在暑假旅游。‎ ‎7.at night & in the night at night意为“在夜里”“在晚上”“天黑时”,指在一天的部分时间,常常是下午6时至午夜这一段时间;in the night指“在夜里”指从天黑到天明这一整段时间。‎ ‎8.also位于句中;either位于句尾,用于否定句;too也表示“也”,一般位于句尾。‎ ‎9.第10页的1要求记住;第9页的3a要求记住。‎ ‎10.关于 “like”的问句 1) Why do you like…?这是提问者问对方为什么喜欢某人或某物,直接寻求对方所说话的原因。-Why do you like the panda?你为什么喜欢熊猫?-Because it is very lovely.因为它很可爱。‎ 2) Do you like doing..?这是提问者问对方习惯上喜欢什么,意为“你喜欢。。。吗?”其中like doing指喜欢干某事,相当于enjoy doing。-Do you like working in China?你喜欢在中国工作吗?‎ 3) Do you like to do..?这是提问者问对方目前的一时爱好。其中like to do指现在想干某事,相当于want to do。表示某种愿望。Do you like to have a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗?‎ 4) How do you like…?这是用来询问对方对某人或某物的看法,意为“你觉得。。。怎么样?”How do you like…?相当于What do you think of…? How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?‎ 5) What do you like?这是用来询问对方一贯性的爱好,意为“你喜欢什么?”注意这一句式与What would you like?你想要什么?不同。Would like为一固定表达方式,用来询问对方当时的意向。‎ ‎-What do you like?你喜欢什么?-I like books.我喜欢书。‎ ‎-What would you like?你想要什么?-I’d like some apples.我想要些苹果。‎ ‎6)What’s the weather like..?这句用来询问天气情况,意为“。。。天气情况怎么样?”此句可用How’s the weather like…?替换。‎ ‎◆unit 3 I’d like a large pizza.‎ 目标语言:Order food 重点句型:I’d like a pizza.‎ ‎ What would you like on it? Mushrooms,green pepers and onions,please.‎ ‎ I’d like a large /medium/small pizza.‎ ‎ What kind of pizza would you like? I’d like a pepperoni pizza, please.‎ ‎ What size pizza would he like? He’d like a small pizza.‎ ‎ What’s your address? It’s 223Green Street.‎ ‎ I’d=I would he’d=he would they’d=they would 重点词组:would like, green pepper, iced tea, orange juice, hot dog, at Pizza Express, house of pizza, as well as, a medium pizza 知识点:‎ ‎1.名词的单复数形式 ‎ 在英语中,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,凡是能一个一个或一件一件数的人或事物,其名词就是可数名词。可数名词可分为单数或复数两种形式,表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式,表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式。名词单数形式就是通常在课本单词表或词典中出现的形式。绝大多数复数形式是在单数名词后加-s或-es构成。‎ ‎ 名词分可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有复数形式。可数名词复数的构成有如下规则: ‎ ‎   ①一般加-s,如:desk→desks ‎ ‎   ② s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es,如:bus→buses, watch→watches ‎ ‎   ③以 f, fe结尾,改f, fe为v,再加-es,如:leaf→leaves ‎ ‎   ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾,改y为i,再加-es,如city→cities ‎ ‎   ⑤以“辅音字母+o”结尾,加-es,如:tomato →tomatoes ‎ ‎   ⑥一般复合名词,只将主体名词变复数,如: boy student→boy students ‎ ‎   ⑦以 man, woman开头和结尾的复合名词,规则不同: ‎ ‎    Frenchman→Frenchmen, woman teacher→women teachers ‎ ‎   ⑧不规则变化: foot→feet, child→children ‎ ‎    单、复数同形的情况:sheep→sheep, Chinese→Chinese(中国人) ‎ ‎    只有复数形式的情况: people, clothes, trousers ‎ ‎2what引导的问句 ‎1)问姓名:What is your name?你叫什么名字?‎ ‎2)问职业:What’s your father?你爸爸是做什么的?‎ ‎3)问事物:What’s that on the desk?桌子上是什么?‎ ‎4)问颜色:What color is the rainbow?彩虹是什么颜色的?‎ ‎5)问号码:What’s your phone number?你的电话号码是多少?‎ ‎6)问尺码:What size would you like?你想要多大号的?‎ ‎7)问地址:What’s your address?你的地址是什么?‎ ‎8)问种类:What kind of animals do you like?你喜欢什么样的动物?‎ ‎3.情态动词would的用法 ‎1)用以提出建议或邀请。如,Would you like a sandwich?你想吃三明治吗?‎ ‎2)与like, love连用表示教合意愿的做法。如,I’d love/like a coffee.我想喝杯咖啡。3)句式结构:would like sth.(名词或代词)想要某物=want sth.‎ ‎       I ‘d like a pizza.我想要一份比萨饼。‎ ‎       would like to do sth.想要做某事=want to do ‎ I’d like to have supper.我想要吃晚饭。‎ ‎       would like sb. to do.希望/想要某人做某事=want sb. to do I’d like you to play with me.我想要你和我一起玩。‎ ‎4)含would like的陈述句变一般疑问句,直接把情态动词would提前,Would you like/love…?比Do you want…?语气委婉,常用于口语。对此问题的肯定回答一般为Yes, I’d like/love to,还可以是Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./Ok.等。‎ ‎4.就餐用语全接触 1) May I take your order?‎ 2) What would you like to eat/drink?‎ 3) I’d like to drink coffee without milk.‎ 4) I’d like some meatballs.‎ 5) Here is the bill.这是帐单。‎ 6) Wait, let me have the bill.等一下,我来买单。‎ ‎5.名词所有格 英语中有些名词加“'s”表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有如下规则: ‎ ‎  ①有生命的名词一般加“'s”构成,以s结尾的复数名词加“'”。 ‎ ‎  ②无生命的名词一般用“所有物+of+所有者”。 ‎ ‎   a map of Japan 一幅日本地图 ‎ ‎   a door of the classroom 教室的门 ‎ ‎   the name of the school 学校的名字 ‎ ‎   the son of my friend 我朋友的儿子 ‎ ‎   但请注意下列说法的不同含义: ‎ ‎  ③表时间、距离、国家、城镇、机构、团体、价格等的名词,可用以上两种方式构成所有格。 ‎ ‎  ④并列的名词表各自所有,须在各词词尾分别加“'s”;表共同所有,须在后一个名词词尾加“'s”。 ‎ ‎   Tom and Jack's car 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人合用) ‎ ‎   Tom's and Jack's cars 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人各有一辆)。‎ ‎◆unit 4 I want to be an actor.‎ 目标语言:Talk about jobs 重点句型:What do you do? I’m a doctor.‎ ‎ What does she do? She’s a doctor.‎ ‎ What do you want to be? I want to be an actor.‎ ‎ What does he want to be? He wants to be a blank clerk.‎ ‎ Where does your sister work? She works at a hospital.‎ ‎ Does she work in a hospital? No, she doesn’t.‎ ‎ Does she work late? Yes, she does.‎ ‎ Is it an exciting job? Yes, it is.‎ 重点词组:a girl of six years old六岁的女孩 an international call国际电话 as soon as possible尽可能快地 as well as possible尽可能好地 as…as…象。。。一样 in a hospital在医院里 in hospital(生病)住院 work with与…打交道,与。。。在一起工作 be late for迟到 go out出去 be afraid of害怕 wait for sb.等候某人 in the future在未来 in future从今以后 知识点:‎ ‎1.“职业”的几种询问方式 1) 询问某人现在从事何种职业 a) What +do/does+某人+do?‎ b) What+be+某人?‎ ‎ What do you do?你是做什么工作的?‎ ‎ What’s your brother? 你哥哥是干什么的?‎ ‎【注意】What+do/does+某人+do?句型有时还可以用来询问某人经常做什么事情。如,What do you do every evening?你每天晚上干什么?‎ ‎2)询问某人现在的工作地 Where + do/does+主语+work?‎ Where do you work?你在哪工作?I work in a factory.我在工厂工作。‎ ‎【注意】当想确认对方的职业时,可用“Are you+职业?”如,Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?Yes, I am.是的。‎ ‎3)询问某人将来的工作 ‎ What do/does+某人+want to be?‎ What do you want to be?你想要从事什么职业?I want to be a reporter.我想成为一名记者。‎ ‎【注意】动词后面加-er 或-r或-or,一般则变成从事这种动作的人,常见的形式有:write-writer,act-actor,run-runner.cook是兼类词,表示“厨师”,cooker为“炊具”。‎ ‎2.as的用法 1) Prep.作为 You must work hard as a student.作为一名学生你必须努力学习。‎ 1) Conj.当。。。时候 As I was walking down the street, I met an old friend.我在街上走的时候,遇见了一位老朋友。‎ 2) Conj.因为 As he is ill, he is away from school.因为他生病了,所以没来上学。‎ ‎【注意】as用于表示不是很重要的或众所周知的理由时,语气教弱;如果说话人强调某种理由时,则用because来表达。‎ ‎4)prep.依照。。,如。。。常用来引导从句。‎ ‎ I will do as you say.我将按照你说的做。‎ ‎5)as…as..象。。。一样She is as tall as her mother.她和她妈妈一样高。‎ ‎3.名词构词法:‎ ‎-er: farmer, jumper ‎-or: inventor, visitor ‎-ist: scientist, artist ‎-ess: actress, waitress ‎-ese: Chinese ‎◆unit5 How was your weekend?‎ ‎ 目标语言:talk about recent past events ‎ 重点句型:What did you do over the weekend?‎ ‎ On Saturday morning, I played tennis.‎ ‎ How was your weekend?‎ ‎ It was great.‎ ‎ For most kids, the weekend was a mixture of fun and work.‎ 重点词组:do homework做作业 play soccer踢足球 clean the room打扫房间 go to the beach去海滩  go to the movies 去看电影 over the weekend=at the weekend=on the weekend在周末 study for the test准备考试 have a party举行晚会 stay at home呆在家里 do some reading读书 practice English练习英语 play the guitar弹吉他 on the afternoon of last Sunday在上个星期日下午 an interesting talk show有趣的谈话节目 知识点:‎ 1. 谈论过去的事用语介绍:‎ 1) ‎–What did you do last night?-I watched TV at home.‎ 2) ‎–Where did you go last Sunday?-I went to the zoo.‎ 3) ‎–Whom did you visit yesterday?-I went to see my uncle.‎ 4) ‎–Did you read a book this morning?-No, I didn’t. I wrote a letter to my father.‎ 在谈论刚刚发生的事情就需要用一般过去时,这时谓语动词用过去式形式,句中多有last night, last month, last year, yesterday, two days ago, in1978等表示过去的时间状语。‎ 2. 一般过去时 1) 一般过去式的构成:规则动词过去式的变化可速记为“直,去,双,改”四字诀。‎ a) 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如,want-wanted b) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed,如,hope-hoped c) 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如,stop-stopped d) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed.如,study-studied.‎ ‎ 不规则动词变化,要逐一熟记。Be动词过去式有两种形式,主语是第一,三人称单数形式用was,其他人称用were.‎ 2) 一般过去时的形式 a) Be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasn’t/were not=weren’t。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首,要求首字母要大写。‎ b) 实义动词过去式的句式:肯定式:主语+动词故去式+其它。如,They had a good time yesterday.‎ ‎ 否定式:主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如,They didn’t have a good time yesterday.‎ ‎ 一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn’t.如,Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.‎ ‎ 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如,What time did you finish your homework?‎ 1) 一般过去时的用法:‎ a) 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.‎ b) 表示故去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。I often went to school on foot.‎ c) 与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。 When he got home, he had a short rest.‎ ‎4)表示一般过去时的时间状语:‎ ‎ a moment ago刚才 yesterday morning, last night, last week, the day before yesterday前天, just now刚才 ‎3.Over的用法 ‎1)over the weekend中的over意思是“在…期间”相当于during.‎ ‎2)over表示“在…正上方“不接触物体表面;on表示“在..上面”物体是可以接触到的.over的反义词under.‎ ‎3)over也表示”超过,多于”相当于more than ‎4)all over the world这里的over是”遍及”的意思.‎ ‎5)over there中的over是 “越过,在那边”‎ ‎4. “do some+动名词”结构,表示 “做….,干….,进行…..”其中动名词作宾语.‎ ‎ 如,do some washing 洗衣服 ‎5. practice doing练习做某事 ‎6.介词on, in, at都表示时间. On用于某日的时间前; in用于某年或某月的时间前;at用于几点的时间前.‎ ‎◆unit 6 Where are the jazz music?‎ 目标语言:ask for and give directions inside a building 重点句型:Where’s the classical music? Go upstairs and turn right.It’s next to the jazz music.‎ ‎ Where’s the dance music? Go straight and turn left. It’s between the pop and the country.‎ ‎ What’s Bob’s favorite kind of music? His favorite music is classical Who’s Carla’s favorite group? Her favorite group is Boys from Brazil.‎ ‎ Do you like the Latin Sound? No, I don’t. They’re awful.‎ ‎ Where’s the dance music section? I don’t know.‎ 重点词组:in front of, and so on, turn left, go upstairs, next to, between…and…,a kind of, on the right, have fun 知识点:‎ ‎1问路的句式小结:‎ ‎1)“特殊疑问句”类句型 a) Excuse me. Where is the …,please?‎ b) Excuse me. Which is the way to the…,please?‎ c) Excuse me. How can I get to the…, please?‎ ‎2)“一般疑问句”类句型 a) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the…?‎ b) Could /Can you tell me the way to the…?‎ c) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the…,please?‎ d) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to the…?‎ e) Excuse me. Is this the right way to the…?‎ f) Excuse me. Do you know the way to the…?‎ ‎2谈论喜欢的歌手,歌曲和音乐组合 1) ‎–Do you like music?‎ ‎-Yes, I like music very much/a lot/a little.‎ ‎ -No, I don’t like music at all.‎ ‎2)- Are you interested in folk songs(民歌)?‎ ‎ -Yes, I am.‎ ‎3) – Are you fond of music?‎ ‎ - Yes, I am.‎ ‎4)- What’s your favorite kind of music?‎ ‎ - American country music.(美国乡村音乐)‎ ‎5)-Who is your favorite music group?‎ ‎ -Backstreet Boy.‎ ‎6)- What do you think of Tian Zhen’songs?‎ ‎ - I think they are wonderful.‎ ‎3.表示位置的几个词 1) next to “……的旁边,紧接着”‎ 2) between…and…在…和…之间,between指两者之间 3) among在…中间,指三者以上 4) in front of在…前面,指在(本部分之外)的前面; in the front of指在(本部分之内)的前面.‎ 5) at在某个具体的地点 6) outside在…之外 outside the gate在门外 ‎4 afraid 的用法 Afraid是形容词,一般在句中用作表语,不能用作定语。意思是 “担心,害怕,恐怕,恐惧”.afraid常用于以下三种句式:‎ 1) be afraid of sb or sth.或be afraid of doing sth.表示害怕某人或某事,后接动名词,表示怕做某事,只是陈述一个事实,不带感情色彩.‎ 2) be afraid to do sth.后接动词不定式,往往指主观上怕去做某事,侧重表示 “因为担心后果严重而不敢也不愿做某事”如,Lily is afraid to go out at night.‎ 3) I’m afraid…我恐怕..当听了对方所说的话,而不能满足对方的意愿时,为了使语气较为委婉,常用此语.如,Can you help me with my English? I’m afraid not.当不同意对方的建议,邀请,陈述时,我们可以用I’m afraid not;反之用I’m afraid so.‎ ◆ unit 7 What does he look like?‎ 目标语言: Describe people’s appearance 重点句型: What does your friend look like? She has a medium build and she has long hair.‎ ‎ He is tall. He is heavy. He has curly hair. He is medium height. He is thin. ‎ She has long hair. She is short. She has a medium build. She has short hair.‎ He has a beard. He wears glasses. He has a mustache. He has blonde hair.‎ He is bald. She always wears a red dress and white shoes.‎ 重点词组:look like, straight hair, medium build, short hair, curly hair, long hair, blonde hair,brown hair,tell jokes 知识点:‎ ‎1. 动词的时态-----一般现在时态 在英语中,不同时间发生的动作和情况,要用不同的动词形式表示.这种不同的动词形式叫做动词的时态.我们初级阶段接触到的动词的时态主要有: 一般现在时态, 一般过去时态, 一般将来时态,现在进行时态,过去进行时态,现在完成时态,过去完成时态. 判断一个句子使用什么时态主要看这个句子中的动词,其次看句子中的副词和时间状语. 在这讲中我们先来学习一般现在时态.‎ 一般现在时态 一般现在时的用法: ‎ l. 表示经常或者反复发生的动作. 如: 我每天吃午饭. I have lunch every day.‎ ‎ 还表示现在存在的一种状态. 如:我姐姐是一位老师.My sister is a teacher.‎ 一般现在时态经常与often(经常)sometimes(有时)always(总是)usually(通常)等副词连用,也经常与every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week (一周一次),twice a year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。‎ ‎ 一般现在时态分为be 动词的一般现在时和实义动词的一般现在时。‎ ‎1) be动词包括am,is,are. 中文为"是", 这三个词的用法要随着主语的变化而变化。 "am" 用于第一人称单数(I); "is" 用于第三人称单数(he,she,it); "are "用于第一人称复数(we),第二人称单数和复数(you), 第三人称复数( they)。 可以记住以下顺口溜: am管 "我", is管",她,它,他", are管"大家"。‎ ‎2) 一般疑问句和否定句 I am a teacher. (我是一位老师) ‎ You are his friend.(你是他的朋友) ‎ She is a nurse.(她是一名护士) ‎ 以上三个句子都是肯定句. 此.类句子变成疑问句和否定句时,有些地方的语序和汉语不同,需特别注意.变为疑问句时,把be 动词"am,is,are" 放在句首,回答时也要使用be动词;变为否定句时,把表示否定的not 放在 "am is are" 的后面, 其中可以简写为:is not---- isn't ‎ are not---- aren't, am not 没有简写形式。 .‎ 如:Am I a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I am not.) ‎ Are you his friend? Yes, you are. (No, you are not.)‎ Is she a nurse? Yes, she is. (No, she is not.) ‎ 注意:如果are not, is not放在句尾时,不能使用简写,必须写出整个单词。‎ 否定句为:I am not a teacher. You are not his friend. She is not a nurse.‎ ‎3)如果句子的动词不是be 动词 "am is are" 而是其他实义动词, 疑问句和否定句要借助于助动词"do"或者 "does", 也就是说be 动词和实义动词原形不能同时使用。 这里的 "do","does" 本身没有什么意义,只是帮助构成疑问句和否定句. 一般疑问句读时必须用降调.‎ ‎"do"和 "does"的使用要随着人称的变化而变化。请看下面两组句子,注意区分他们的共同点和不同点。 ‎ I go to school every day. He goes to school every day.‎ I don't go to school every day. He doesn't go to school every day.‎ Do you go to school every day? Does he go to school every day?‎ Yes, I do. (No, I don't) Yes, he does. (No, he doesn't)‎ 这两组句子中,由于人称的不同,句子的结构也不同,具体如下:‎ 当主语是第三人称单数时,肯定句为:主语+动词的s形式+宾语 否定句为:主语+助动词doesn't+动词原形+宾语 疑问句为:Does+主语+动词原形+宾语 肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词does.‎ 注:第三人称单数用了 does 后面就不用动词的s形式了,而用动词原形.‎ 动词的一般现在时态, 除了第三人称单数(he she it) 外,其余都用动词原形。当主语是其他人称时,肯定句为:主语+动词原形+宾语 否定句为:主语+助动词don't+动词原形+宾语 疑问句为:Do+主语+动词原形+宾语 肯定回答和否定回答也要使用助动词do.‎ 注:变为疑问句,要在句首加"do" ; 变为否定句, 要在动词前面加"do not", 可以简写为 "don't".‎ ‎2. 一般现在时,第三人称单数作主语时,动词的变化规则。‎ 1) 一般在动词后加-s词尾。如,come-comes live-lives 2) 在以ch, sh ,s, x, 或o结尾的词后要加-es, 如,‎ teach-teaches catch-catches wish-wishes wash-washes miss-misses guess-guesses mix-mixes fix-fixes go-goes do-does 1) 以“辅音+y”结尾的词,先变y为I 再加es,如,‎ Try-tries study-studies reply-replies fly-flies ‎3look的用法 1) look like看起来象,其中like 是介词。如,He looks like his father.‎ 2) look at看。。如,Look at the blackboard.‎ 3) look the same看起来很像。如,Lucy and Lily look the same.‎ 4) look for寻找.如,They are looking for the lost child.‎ 5) look over(医生)检查The doctor is looking over the old woman.‎ 6) Look up抬头看;(在词典或参考书中)查找 He’s looking up at the picture.‎ ‎4. 词语辨析 ‎ Wear意为“穿着,戴着”,表示穿,戴的状态。而put on意思为“穿上,戴上”,表示穿,戴的动作。‎ 1. stop doing sth停止做某事; stop to do停下来去做某事 2. remember to do sth 记着要去做某事;remember doing sth.记着(已经)做过某事;remember sth/sb记得某物或某人 3. 复合形容词构词法 1) 形容词+动词-ing,如,Our teacher is easy-going.‎ 2) 名词+过去分词,如,This is a man-made satellite.‎ 3) 数词+名词(单数),如,a ten-year-old boy ‎【注意】复合形容词中的名词要用单数。‎ 4) 数词+名词(+ed)如,a three-legged table一张三条腿的桌子。‎ 5) 形容词+名词 如,This is a full-time job.‎ 6) 形容词+名词(+ed)如,He’s a warm-hearted person.‎ ‎8.a little和 a bit都可以用来修饰不可数名词,作定语。a bit在修饰名词时必须在后面加上介词of,如,a bit of water一点水,而用a little则说成a little water ‎◆unit8. What is John like?‎ 目标语言:Describe people’s personalities 重点句型:Do you know Tim?‎ ‎ He’s the tall kid with short hair.‎ ‎ What’s he like? He’s very serious.‎ ‎ Who’s that? That’s Mike.‎ ‎ He can talk like our teacher.‎ ‎ Why do you like him? He looks so serious.‎ 重点词组:want to do, live in, live on, listen to, like dong/to do, come from, be friendly to sb., for example, and so on, as … as, tell a story to sb, tell sb a story 知识点:‎ ‎1 “What does he look like?”用来询问相貌特征; “What is he like?”则是用来询问特征。‎ ‎ 在英语中,形容一个人的性格特征,常用下列形容词:shy, friendly,serious, funny, smart, foolish, outgoing, easygoing, moody, generous, polite, kind, warm-hearted, (热心肠的), hard-working(努力的),quiet ‎2.What引起的不同类型的疑问句 1) What is this?这是什么?英语中,对某一物体提出询问时,常用this指代“这个东西”,用that指代“那个东西”。如,What’s this? It’s a pen.‎ ‎【注意】what is可以缩写为what’s, it is可以缩写为it’s.‎ 2) What is sb. like?某人是个什么样的人?此句型用来询问某个人的品质 。回答时,用描述人物品质特征的形容词。如,What is his wife like? She is warm-hearted.‎ 3) What does sb. look like?某人长得什么样?此句型用来询问某人的外貌特征。如,What does he look like? He has short hair.‎ 4) What day is today?今天星期几?如,What day is today? Today is Monday.‎ 5) What is the date today?今天是几号?如,What is the date today? It’s May 1.‎ 6) What is sb.?某人是干什么的?此句型用来询问某人的职业。如,What’s your father? My father is a doctor.‎ 7) What is wrong with …?。。。怎么了?What’s wrong with you? I have a cold.‎ 3. 动词和on, off, in , out, up , down, away构成动词词组时,其宾语是人称代词宾格,应放在动词词组中间;若动词与上述以外的介词或副词连用,其宾语是人称代词宾格时,应放在词组后面。‎ 4. as表示人的职业,身份,或人,物的功能,有“以。。。身份”,“作为。。。”的含义。Like表示人或物的相似性,指两者或两者以上某方面相象,如相貌,衣着,性格。‎ 5. live in表示“住在。。。”,其后面跟表示地点的名词。‎ live on表示“以。。。为食,靠。。。生活”‎ ◆ unit9 It’s raining!‎ 目标语言:Describe the weather; Describe what you are doing 重点句型:How’s the weather? It’s raining.‎ ‎ What are you doing? I’m watching TV.‎ ‎ What’s he doing? He’s playing basketball.‎ ‎ What’s=what is how’s=how is ‎ How’s going? It’s great.‎ ‎ What is the weather like? It’s sunny.‎ ‎ Is Aunt Sarah there? Yes, she is.‎ 知识点:‎ ‎1.现在进行时的主要结构 ‎ 用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。‎ ‎ 在其句子中一般都会有两个词与时态有关:1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如,I’m reading a book now.在这个句子中,时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时,而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。‎ 肯定句:主语+be+v.ing+…‎ 否定句:主语+be+v.ing+…‎ 疑问句:Be+主语+ving?‎ ‎ 特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?‎ ‎2.ving形式的构成 ‎1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing ‎2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing,如have-having ‎3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词,结尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个字母,再加-ing。如,begin-beginning 注意:‎ 1) 有些动词一般不用于现在进行时,如see,like,love, want,know等,而用一般现在时。如,Do you know him?你认识他吗?‎ 2) 有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, start, fly, drive,stay等表示位置转移的词,用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作,如 We are going to Beijing on Friday.我们星期五要去北京。‎ 1. 构词知识:‎ 1) 名词后缀:-er,如,singer ‎ -or,如 actor ‎ -ing, 如 meeting ‎ -tion 如 direction ‎2) 形容词后缀: -ful 如,beautiful ‎ -ing 如,boring ‎ -ous 如,dangerous ‎ -ly 如, friendly ‎3)副词后缀:-ly 如,really ‎4)数词后缀:-teen 如,thirteen ‎ -ty 如,thirty ‎ -th 如,fourth ‎5)在国家名词后加-ian,-an, -n表示其国家的人。如,‎ Egypt埃及 Egyptian埃及人 Europe欧洲 European欧洲人 Canada加拿大 Canadian加拿大人 Italy意大利 Italian意大利人 Australia澳大利亚 Australian澳大利亚人 America美国 American美国人 ‎6)在表示天气的名词后加-y如,wind-windy, fog-foggy,sun-sunny 2. Until的用法:‎ Until 和 till的意义相同,都有“直到”,“直到...才","在...以前不"的意思.它们的使用方法为:‎ 1) 作介词: 作介词,后面通常接表时间的名词或短语.如We are back until/till3o’clock.三点种我们才回来.‎ 2) 作连词: 作连词时,until和till引导时间状语从句.如 Go along this road until you see the park沿着这条路走,直到你看到公园为止。‎ ‎【注意】1)以上的状语从句的例句都是从句在主句之后,如果把从句放在主句之前,那么,引导词用till.如Till you come back, I won’t leavehere.直到你回来我才回离开这。‎ 3) 主句的动作是终止性的,要用not…until/till句型。‎ ‎5.“违反规矩“的现在进行时态 1) 现在进行时比哦按时目前这一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。而说话时并不一定正在进行。如Is ‎ Tom working hard this term?汤姆这学期学习用功吗?‎ They are working on the farm these days.这些日子他们在农场劳动。‎ 1) 表示往返或位置转移的动词,如come,go,leave, stay, start, arrive等构成的现在进行时,可表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。这些动词还可以和表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow, next week, next year等连用。‎ They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天他们要动身去北京。‎ 1) 现在进行时与always, often等词相结合,也可表示习惯的,经常重复的动作。意思是“老是”,“总是”。此时常带有一定的感情色彩,如:埋怨,赞赏等。如 Mary is always talking about her son.玛利总是谈论她的儿子。‎ ‎【注意】一些表示状态和意愿的动词,如be,like,want,know ,think,have等,不能用于现在进行时态中。如,I want to go home now.‎ 3. 关于how 的用法 1) How作“(指程度)多少”“(方法)怎样”“多么”讲,为副词。‎ ‎2) how 的感叹句的构成:How + 形容词+主语+be动词!‎ ‎ How+副词+主语+谓语动词!‎ ‎3)how many 多少(对可数名词的数量提问,其后接名词复数)‎ ‎ How many days are there in a year?‎ ‎4) how much 多少(钱)(对不可数名词的数量提问,其后接不可数名词)‎ ‎ How much water is there in the cup?‎ ‎ How much are these pants?‎ ‎5) how often多久(对表示频度副词的时间状语提问)‎ ‎ How often do you go there? Once a month.‎ ‎6)how old多大岁数(对年龄提问)‎ How old is your grandfather? He is sixty-five.‎ ‎7)how soon多久(用于将来时)‎ ‎ How soon are you back? In a week.‎ ‎◆unit10 Where did you go on vacation?‎ 目标语言:Talk about past events 重点句型:Where did Tina go on vacation? She went to the mountains.‎ ‎ Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home.‎ ‎ Did you go to Central Park? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.‎ ‎ Did he go to Central Park? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.‎ ‎ How was your vacation? It was pretty good.‎ ‎ How was the weather? It was hot and humid.‎ ‎ How were the people? They were unfriendly.‎ ‎ We had great fun playing in the water.‎ ‎ The shops were too crowded, so I didn’t really enjoyed it.‎ ‎ I found a little boy crying in the corner.‎ 重点词组: stay at home, go to New York City, summer camp, go to the mountains, on vacation, Central Park, go to the movies,pretty good, bus trip, have fun doing, go shopping, in the corner, help sb, do sth, make sb. do sth. decide to do sth, discuss sth with sb, write a report on sth , be lost 知识点:‎ ‎1.英语不规则动词变化( BookI – Book III) A                     B                     C hear                 heard                 heard learn                 learnt                learnt have/has             had                 had leave                left                  left lend                 lent                  lent lose                 lost                  lost make                made                made mean                meant               meant send                 sent                 sent spell                spelt                   spelt shoot                shot                   shot sit                    sat                   sat smell                 smelt                 smelt  spend               spent                   spent spit                  spat                   spat stand                stood                  stood understand           understood            understood hang                 hung                  hung hold                  held                   held light                  lit                      ‎ lit meet                  met                   met find                   found                 found feed                   fed                   fed spit                   spat                   spat bear                  bore                   born win                   won                   won build                  built                   built babysit                babysat               babysat flee                   fled                   fled lead                   led                   led mislead               misled                misled bend                  bent                  bent bleed                  bled                  bled hold                   held                  held smell                  smelt                 smelt dig                    dug                   dug  deal                   dealt                  dealt  A                    B                       C eat                   ate                      eaten fall                   fell                       fallen do/does              did                       done choose              chose                   chosen break                broke                   broken am/is                was                     been are                  were                     been fly                    flew                    flown forbid                forbade                 forbidden  forget                forgot                  forgotten freeze                froze                   frozen get                   got                     gotten go                   went                     gone hide                  hid                      hidden lie                    lay                     lain mistake               mistook                 mistaken see                   saw                     seen shake               shook                    shaken speak               spoke                    spoken steal                stole                     stolen take                took                      taken wake                woke                     woken wear                 wore                     worn A                     A                       B beat                  beat                   beaten A                     B                      A run                  ran                      run come                came                   come become             became                 become A                    A                     A A                  B  can               could may               might will                would  shall               should A                  A must              must 不规则中寻规则:‎ a) 过去式与动词原形同形 cost                cost                   cost  put                 put                    put fit                  fit                     fit  cut                 cut                    cut let                  let                      let hurt               hurt                   hurt set                set    set shut               shut                  shut read               read                 read hit                 hit                   hit b)原形以ow/aw结尾,过去式则变成ew grow                 grew                     grown throw               threw                     thrown know                 knew                    known draw                 drew                    drew show                 showed               shown c)将动词原形中的元音字母i改成a,变成过去式。‎ swim                swam                    swum sink                 sank                     sunk ring                  rang                     rung give                  gave                    given drink                 drank                    drunk sing                  sang                    sung begin                began                   begun 【特例】win                   won                   won d)过去式以ought或aught结尾 think                 thought               thought bring                 brought               brought buy                  bought                bought fight                 fought                fought catch                caught                caught teach                taught                taught ‎【注意】上述动词过去式的末尾是ought还是aught,只要记住“有a则a,无a则o”,即原形中有a的,则变为aught,否则为ought.‎ e)将动词原形中的字母组合ee去掉一个,词尾加上t,变成过去式。‎ feel                   felt                   felt sweep                swept                 swept  sleep                 slept                  slept  keep                 kept                  kept oversleep             overslept             overslept f)将动词原形中的元音字母i改为o,变成过去式。‎ drive                 drove                     driven ride                  rode                     ridden  write                  wrote                   written rise                  rose                     risen shine                shone                  shone g)以ay结尾的动词,将ay变成aid变成过去式 pay                  paid                  paid say                  said                  said lay                   laid                    laid ‎ h)以一个辅音字母+ell结尾的动词,将ell改成old变成过去式 tell                  told                    told Sell                  sold                  sold 2.一般过去时的用法 ‎1)表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, in 1990等。‎ ‎2)表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。They played soccer and then went home.‎ ‎3)一般过去时动词的构成方法:‎ a) 一般情况下,动词原形后直接加-ed。如,play-played b) 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d。 如,decide-decided c) 重读闭音节+单个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如,stop-stopped d) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed.如,study-studied e) 有些动词变化不规则要特殊记忆。上面以给出。‎ ‎4)一般过去时的句法功能 a) 肯定句:主语+一般过去时动词+其他We had Sichuan food for dinner.‎ b) 否定句:主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他;主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他 I didn’t go to summer camp. ‎ The shops weren’t too crowded.‎ c) 一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其他?;Was/Were+主语+其他?‎ Did they stay at home?‎ Was the bus trip relaxing?‎ d) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般过去式?‎ Where did you go? Who was ill?‎ ‎3.find的用法 1) find sb doing sth. 发现某人在做某事 ‎ I find him reading an interesting book.‎ ‎2) find sb. to do sth 发现某人做某事 We found him to be a good student.‎ ‎3) find sb+adj/prep-phrase/n发现某人怎么样或在某一种情况下 He found me a good student.‎ I found him at home.‎ ‎4) find it+adj/n+to do sth发现做某事怎么样 He finds it important to learn English well.‎ ‎(这里的it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式)‎ ‎5)find onself不知不觉地 He found himself in the forest.‎ ‎4..同义词辨析 find, find out, look, look for, look at find:找到。强调找的结果。‎ find out:找出,查出。指经过一番努力达到目的。‎ look:找,看。 强调动作的过程, 是不及物动词。‎ look for:寻找。强调动作的过程,for后接名词或代词,表示寻找的对象。‎ look at: 看。强调动作的过程,at后接名词或代词,表示看的对象。‎ ‎★星沙英语网★ http://www.rr365.com ★大量新课程英语资料下载★‎ 1. 否定前缀 l un- ‎ a) friendly(友好的) unfriendly(不友好的)‎ b) lucky(幸运的) unlucky(不幸的)‎ c) fair(公平的) unfair(不公平的)‎ d) happy(高兴的) unhappy(不悦的)‎ l in-‎ a) expensive(贵的) inexpensive(便宜的)‎ b) formal(正式的) informal(非正式的)‎ c) exact(确切的) inexact(不确切的)‎ d) human(人性的) inhuman(野蛮的)‎ 2. 词语辨析 a) walk与on foot “步行“方式 walk与on foot都指“步行”,但用法不同。Walk是动词,walk to后接地点副词here,there,home等时,介词to要省去。而on foot是一个表示方式,方法的介词短语,在句中只能做状语。on foot不能用on feet或by foot替换。walk to相当于go to …on foot,表示“走着去,步行”。‎ b) cool与cold“冷”‎ cool意思是“凉快的”,既不冷,有不热,给人一种舒服的感觉。‎ Col意思是“寒冷的”,给人一种不舒服的感觉。‎ c) hot与warm“热”‎ hot作形容词,表示“热的”,反义词是cold。Hot指温度很高,给人一种不舒服的感觉。Hot用作形容词有多种含义,如“辣的”,“热门的”,“最近的”‎ ‎ warm作形容词意思是“温暖的;暖和的”,指温度适中,给人一种舒服的感觉。‎ 3. 形容词的用法 形容词就是表示人或事物的性质,状态或特征等的词。‎ a) 和连系动词连用:形容词常用在连系动词be,look,get等的后面,构成“主-系-表”结构,形容词作表语,说明主语是什么或怎么样的状态。如He is happy.‎ b) 修饰名词:形容词常用在名词前面,用于修饰名词。如He is a good student.‎ c) 常用表示程度的副词very, too, so, quite, rather等词来修饰 4. So的用法小结 a) 作连词 ‎ So作连词,意为“因此,所以“。Because是连词,意思是“因为”,常用于回答以why开头的问句。不过,汉语中有“因为。。。所以。。。”连用的情况,但英语中because与连词so绝不能同时出现在同一个句子中,只能用其中的一个。如 This is our first lesson, so I don’t know all your name.‎ 这是我们的第一堂课,所以我不知道你们大家的名字。‎ 在这里,so用作连词,它把两个句子连接起来,表示前一句是原因,后一句是结果。‎ 口诀“because常来回答why,句中有so 它不来。“‎ b) 作副词 So用作副词,意为“那么“,表示程度,修饰形容词或副词,作状语。S o用作副词还可以表示强调,意思为“非常,很”。如 This bag is so heavy.这个包如此的沉。‎ c)作代词 so用作代词,意思是“这样,那样,这么”‎ ‎【注意】I think so. 和 I don’t think so.是日常交流用语。在口语中,对方提出一个问题,如果你认为是对的,可回答:I think so. 反之,为I don’t think so.so代替上文提到的内容,以避免重复。‎ ◆ unit 11 What do you think of game shows?‎ 目标语言:give opinions;talk about likes and dislikes 重点句型:What do you think of sitcoms? I love them.‎ ‎ What does she think of sports shows? She doesn’t mind them.‎ ‎ How about..?=What about..?‎ ‎ Thanks for joining us.‎ ‎ I can’t stand it.‎ 重点词组:think of, talk about, soap opera, sports show, situation comedy, game show, how about, weekend talk, a thirteen-year-old boy, hair clip, key ring, enjoy doing, thanks for doing, mind doing, show sb. sth, show sth to sb. , show sb around 知识点:‎ 1. Mind的用法 1) mind作“介意”“反对”讲,为及物动词或不及物动词,常用与疑问句,否定句,条件句中,其后可跟名词,代词,动名词或从句。如 ‎ I don’t mind cigarette smoke.我不在乎香烟的味儿。‎ ‎ I’m sure that he won’t mind.我确信他不会介意的。‎ ‎ Would you mind if I went home early?我早点回家你反对吗?‎ 2) mind作“思想”“主题”“想法”讲,为可数名词。如 ‎ Speak your mind out.把你的想法说出来。‎ ‎2.how about和what about同义,用法也相同。About是介词,后面除了名词,代词以外,还可以跟动名词或介词短语。‎ ‎1)how/what about用来询问或打听情况,意思为“。。。怎么样?”“。。。如何?”如 I am tired. What about you?我很累了,你呢?‎ ‎2)how/what about用来提出请求,建议或征求意见,意思为“(你认为)。。。怎么样?”“。。。。如何?”如,How about going out for a walk?出去散步怎么样?‎ ‎3.Show的用法 1) show作“给….看” “出示” “显示”讲,为及物动词.如 Please show your tickets.请把票拿出来.‎ ‎2)表示 “给某人看什么东西”时,用 “show sth to sb”或 “show sb sth”.如 Please show me the map.= Please show the map to me.请把地图给我看一看.‎ ‎3) show someone around some place带领某人参观某地 如,‎ I showed him around our school.我领着他参观了我们学校.‎ ‎4. enjoy的用法 a) enjoy后面接动词时,要使用动名词形式.如enjoy swimming ‎ finish, be busy, mind, go on等词的用法也如此.‎ b) enjoy oneself=have a good time玩得快乐,玩得高兴 Did you enjoy yourself at the party?你在聚会上玩得愉快吗?‎ ‎5.词语辨析 ‎1)think, think of, think about想 Think意为 “思考,认为”单独使用时,think表示 “思考”;后接that从句时,think表示 “认为,觉得”‎ Think of是动词短语,意思为 “想起,想到”某人或某物.还有 “对….有某种看法,认为”的意思.‎ Think about也是动词词组,意思是 “考虑”.其后面可以跟名词,动名词,代词.‎ ‎2) agree with与 agree to “同意”‎ Agree with后面通常接表示人的词语,表示 “赞成,同意”某人 Agree to 后面常接表示物或事的词语,而不接表示人的词语.‎ ‎3)talk to与talk with 交谈 Talk 通常是用作不及物动词,意思是 “谈话,说话”. 要表示与某人谈话则应在其后加上介词to 与with. Talk还作名词,意思为 “聊天,谈话”,如have a long talk进行长谈, have a talk with和某人谈谈.‎ ‎◆unit 12 Don’t eat in class.‎ 目标语言: Talk about rules 重点句型: What are the rules? We can’t arrive late for class.‎ ‎ Don’t eat in class.‎ ‎ Can we listen to music? Yes, we can. No, we can’t.‎ ‎ What else do you have to do? We have to clean the classroom.‎ ‎ Do you have to wear a uniform at school? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.‎ ‎ You don’t have to wear a uniform You have to wear sneakers for gym class.‎ 重点词组:arrive late for class, eat in the cafeteria, wear a uniform, have to, too many rules, meet friends, after school, learn the piano, in class, no talking 知识点:‎ ‎1.祈使句的用法 a)相关口令 ‎ 祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;‎ 动词原形谓语当,句首加don’t否定变;‎ 朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。‎ b)表现形式 ‎ ‎●肯定结构: ‎ ‎1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:‎ Please have a seat here.  请这边坐。‎ 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, ‎ please.  请这边走。‎ ‎2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:‎ Be a good boy!  要做一个好孩子!‎ ‎3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:‎ Let me help you.  让我来帮你。‎ ‎●否定结构:‎ ‎1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don’t构成。如:‎ Don’t forget me!  不要忘记我!‎ Don’t be late for school!  上学不要迟到!‎ ‎2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 ‎ ‎+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:‎ Don’t let him go. / Let him not go.   别让他走。‎ c) 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!‎ ‎2.情态动词have to的用法 have to侧重于客观上的必要,作 “必须” “不得不做某事”讲。和其他情态动词的区别在于她具有人称的变化。‎ 1) 肯定句:sb +have/has to+动词原形。主语为第三人称单数时用 has to,其他人称用have to.如,He has to work on Sunday.他不得不在周日工作。‎ ‎2)否定句:sb +don’t/doesn’t have to+动词原形。主语为第三人称单数时用doesn’t have to,其他人称用don’t have to.He doesn’t have to leave now.‎ ‎3)Does/Do+sb+have to+动词原形?Yes,…do/does. No, …don’t/doesn’t.‎ 主语为第三人称单数时用does提问,其他人称用do提问.‎ ‎3.问句中的some 我们都知道,some通常用在肯定句中,而any则用在疑问句和否定句中;但是,some有时也可以用在疑问句中。后者主要有以下几种情况:‎ ‎★在表示请求的疑问句中。例如: Could we have some bottles of orange juice, please? 我们来几瓶橘汁,好吗? May I ask you some questions? 我可以问你几个问题吗? ★在表示建议的疑问句中。例如: Would you like some bags of milk? 你想要几袋牛奶吗? Shall we have some rice for supper? 晚饭我们吃米饭,好吗? ★在表示说话人盼望得到肯定答复的疑问句中。例如: Can you see some birds in the tree? 你能看见树上有些鸟吗? ★用在表示反问的疑问句中。例如: Can’t you see some apples on the tree? 难道你看不到树上有些苹果吗?‎ ‎[第一类] 名词类 1. 这些女老师们在干什么? [正] What are the women teachers doing? [析]‎ ‎ 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women。 2. 房间里有多少人 [正] How many people are there in the room? [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。 3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。‎ ‎ [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son. [析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构, 其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。 4. 这是那对双胞胎的房间。 [正] This is the twins’ room. [析] 以字母以 s结尾的普通名词的所有格只在其后直接加“ ‘”构成即可。 5. 在小轿车里的那位女士是彼得和汤姆的妈妈。‎ ‎ [正] The lady in the car is Peter and Tom’s mother. [析] 表示几人共同拥有某人或某物时,只在最后一个人名后加“’s”;若是几人分别拥有某人或某物时,则在每个人名后分别加“’s”。 [第二类] 动词类 6. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学? [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school? [正] What time does your sister usually go to school? [析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。 7. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。 [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV. [析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态??一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are) + ving形式构成。 8. 这双鞋是红色的。 [正] This pair of shoes is red. [析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。 [第三类] 代词类 9. 这张票是她的,不是我的。‎ ‎ [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine. [析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分:形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。 10. 吴老师教我们英语。 [正] Miss Wu teaches us English. [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。‎ 第四类(介词类)‎ ‎11. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗? [正] Can you find the answer to this question? [析] 英语中用“the answer to ...”表示“……的答案”。      类似结构还有the key to the door, the way tothe zoo等。 12. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。 [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening. [析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午等时,介词要用on。 13. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。 [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。‎ 第五类(副词类)‎ ‎14. 莉莉,你为什么不回家呢? [正] Lily, why don’t you go home? [析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。‎ 第六类(连词类)‎ ‎15. 我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。 [正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E.or history. [析] 在肯定句中,并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需要用or。‎ 第七类(冠词类)‎ ‎16.‎ ‎ 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。 [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. [析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;      2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用 an hour;    3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。‎ 第八类 There be 句型类 ‎17. 房间里有什么?  有一些桌子和椅子。 [正] What is in the room?         There are some desks and chairs. [析] 就There be 句型中的主语进行提问时,无论主语是单数形式还是复数形式,均要用          “What /Who is + 介词短语?”,即其中的谓语动词均用单数形式is。‎ 第九类 句法类 ‎18. 你不是学生吗? 不,我是学生。 [正] ?Aren’t you a student?    ?Yes, I am. [析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。‎ 初一下学期要求背的课文 1. page 3/3a学会问路语言 2. page5/3a 学会写旅游指导 3. page6/3学会以书信的形式向你的朋友介绍去你家的路径 4. page11/3a学会描写你喜欢的动物 5. page15/3a学会订餐用语 6. page17/3a学会为pizza店写广告,请把它与初一上的Mr cool’s clothes sale相比较。‎ 7. page21/3a学会描写你理想中的职业 8. page23/3a学会写招聘启事,请把它与初一上的社团招聘启事相比较。‎ 9. page29/3b学会用日记的形式介绍你的一天。‎ 10. page 35/3a学会指路语言。‎ 11. page43/3a 学会描写人物外貌 12. page 51/3a 学会以书信的形式介绍你自己并学会填写申请表。‎ 13. page52/3a 学会介绍你熟悉的人。‎ 14. page 57/3b 学会用现在进行式写看图说话作文 15. page 63.3a 学会用日记的形式记录过去发生的事件。‎ page67/3b 学会发表自己的观点。‎ ‎ Page 75/3a 再次了解书信形式
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