人教初一上册英语知识点归纳总结

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人教初一上册英语知识点归纳总结

人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结 一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写 要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。‎ 二、be动词的用法 be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:‎ ‎"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。‎ 三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)‎ ‎1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。‎ ‎2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。‎ ‎3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。‎ ‎4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。‎ ‎5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。‎ ‎6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。‎ 四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)‎ zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。‎ 五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句 ‎1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。‎ ‎2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。‎ 六、可数名词变复数 可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。‎ ‎1、规则变化:‎ ‎(1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;‎ ‎(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;‎ ‎(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;‎ ‎(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;‎ ‎(5)以o结尾的词,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。‎ ‎2、不规则变化:‎ ‎(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;‎ ‎(2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;‎ ‎(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。‎ 七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则 最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。‎ 主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称"三单")时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非"三单"时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变"三单"的规则如下:‎ ‎(1)一般动词在词尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;‎ ‎(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;‎ ‎(3)以o结尾的动词一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;‎ ‎(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;‎ ‎(5)have的三单形式是has。‎ 八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)‎ 冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。‎ ‎1、定冠词the表示"特指",可译为"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"。‎ ‎2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是"一个"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。‎ ‎3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调"数量",而基数词则强调"数量"。‎ 九、助动词(do, does )的用法 只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:‎ ‎(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及"主谓一致"原则。‎ eg : I like English a lot.‎ Michael likes Chinese food very much.‎ ‎(2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为"三单"时,要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:‎ Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesn't like math.‎ They like sports.------They don't like sports.‎ ‎(3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:‎ Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesn't.‎ Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they don't.‎ 十、名词所有格 ‎1、Kangkang's books;Tom and Helen's desk; Ann's and Maria's bikes;‎ ‎2、用of表示"......的",但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)‎ ‎3、have与of的区别:‎ have一般表示"主动拥有",往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能"主动拥有",表示所属关系时要用of。例如:‎ I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.‎ a door of the house 十一、初一英语上册知识点之课本中的知识点 ‎1、Unit 1 --Unit 2‎ ‎(1)问候语:‎ Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.‎ How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.‎ Hi! Hello!‎ How do you do?‎ ‎(2)道别用语:‎ Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)‎ Nice to meet/ see you, too.‎ Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!‎ ‎(3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...‎ ‎(4)Excuse me.与I'm sorry.的区别:‎ Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而I'm sorry.则是向对方道歉。‎ ‎(5)词组be from = come from ‎(6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: What's this in English?----It's an eraser.‎ What are those?----They are books.‎ ‎(7)对Thanks.的回答:That's OK./ You're welcome./ My pleasur.‎ ‎(8)look the same = have the same looks give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.‎ be like = look like in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)‎ in red(穿着红色的衣服)‎ in the desk(在空间范围之内)‎ in English(用英语)‎ help sb. do sth.‎ ‎(9)both与all的区别:‎ both表示"两者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。‎ ‎2、Unit 3--Unit 4‎ ‎(1)speak的用法 speak与say不同:speak表示"说"的动作,不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。‎ speak后面除了能接"语言"外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示"对......说"。‎ help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)‎ want to do sth.(想要做某事)‎ would like to do sth.‎ not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)‎ like...a lot = like...very much ‎(2)some和any的区别:‎ 口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:‎ I have some money.‎ I don't have any money.‎ Do you have any money?‎ ‎(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)‎ ‎(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)‎ 祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Don't开头。例如:‎ Don't go there!‎ ‎(5)问职业:‎ What does sb. do?‎ What is sb.?‎ What's sb.'s job?‎ ‎(6)work与job的区别:‎ work是未必有报酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。‎ ‎(7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:‎ on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground ‎(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)‎ look after(照料/照顾/照看)‎ help oneself(请自便/随便吃)‎ ‎(9)表示"建议"的句型:"做某事如何?"‎ What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)‎ How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)‎ Why don't you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?‎ ‎(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper take one's order be kind to sb.‎ ‎(11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。‎ ‎(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。‎ ‎(13)how many与how much的区别:‎ how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词 ‎(14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;‎ How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。‎ think about(考虑)‎ Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)‎ Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)‎ ‎(15)one与it的区别:‎ 当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:‎ Ann :I have a yellow bag.‎ Jane :I have a green one.‎ Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?‎ Mike : Look, it's over there.‎ ‎(16)倒装句 Here you are.‎ Here it is.‎ ‎(17)be free (有空/免费)‎ forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)‎ forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)‎ What's up? = What's wrong with...? = What's the matter with...?‎ ‎(18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:‎ go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等 ‎(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,"不得不去做某事")‎ must 则表示主观愿望 ‎(20)fly a kite = fly kites be free = have time ‎(21)句型"该干某事了。":It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.‎ 例如:该吃午饭了.‎ It's time to have lunch. = It's time for lunch.‎ ‎(22)时间的表述 当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用"分钟"past"小时"。例如:‎ ‎8:23--twenty-three past eight 当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用"剩余的时间"to"下一个整点"。例如:‎ ‎8:49--eleven to nine 当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:‎ ‎8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine 整点则在数词后加"-o'clock",例如:8:00--eight o'clock 在钟点前介词要用at.‎
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