2017初一英语名词讲解及练习

2017初一英语名词讲解及练习

名词 一、 名词分类：‎ 名词分为普通名词和专有名词 普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。‎ 专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。‎ 名词的两大考点：数与格 二、名词的数 ‎1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词 ‎(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词 ‎　△个体名词: 表示个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag 每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。 　A. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。 　　　如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。 　B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。‎ △ 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture 复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。‎ 规则名词复数形式的构成 词形 复数形式的构成方法 ‎ 例 词 ‎ 大多数名词 ‎ 在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。） ‎ cat——cats book---books dog----dogs bag——bags boy--- boys ‎ 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词 ‎ 在词尾加 -es, 读作[iz]。 ‎ glass——glasses match——matches ‎ 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词 ‎ 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作[iz] ‎ city——cities ‎ 但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作[z] ‎ Canadian——Canadians ‎ American——Americans 以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词 ‎ 一般直接加 -es,读作[z]; ‎ tomato——tomatoes potato —— potatoes 某些词例外,加 -s kilo--kilos, piano—pianos, photo——photos 以元音字母+o结尾的名词 ‎ 直接加 -s, 但读作[z] ‎ zoo——zoos radio——radios ‎ 以f或fe结尾的名词 ‎ 有的直接加 -s, 读作[z] ‎ roof——roofs ‎ 大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z] ‎ leaf——leaves wife——wives knife—knives yourself---yourselves 不规则名词复数形式的构成 复数形式的构成特点 ‎ 例 词 ‎ 通过改变词内元音字母 ‎ man——men foot——feet tooth——teeth mouse——mice（老鼠） ‎ 通过在词尾加-en或-ren ‎ ox——oxen（牛） child——children ‎ 单复数形式相同 ‎ a sheep——two sheep a deer——two deer（鹿） a Chinese——two Chinese（中国人） ‎ 注意事项: 只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks 单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police 特殊名词的讲解：‎ ‎⑴people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。‎ 作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。‎ There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。 ‎ There are fifty-six peoples in our country.‎ 我们国家有56个民族。‎ ‎⑵clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。‎ 例：My favorite clothes are pants. ‎ ‎⑶ pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。‎ 例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. ‎ ‎⑷集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。‎ ‎ His family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员 ‎⑸有的名词单复数意思不同：‎ fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类, paper纸 papers报纸，卷子，论文, work工作 works作品，工厂, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼镜, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光线 lights灯, people人 peoples民族, time时间 times时代, 次数, chicken 鸡肉 chickens 小鸡 例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。‎ My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。‎ I like fruit .It’s good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。‎ 但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式. ‎ Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。‎ She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。‎ Exercise:‎ 一）在后面加s。如：cat-cats bag-bags day-days fathers, books, Americans ‎1、Some ______ are flying kites near the river.‎ ‎　　A. child   B. boy    C. boys     D. childs  ‎ 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：class—classes match—matches box----- boxes dish ---- dishes boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes ‎1. There are many________(fox) in the picture.‎ ‎2．The _____ has two ______.‎ A. boys, watches  B. boy, watch    C. boy, watches     D. boys, watch ‎ 三）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, story-stories ‎1. Their___ _____(dictionary) look new.‎ 以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。(元音是字母a,e,i,o,u)‎ 如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四）以o结尾(没有生命的)加s（外来词）。‎ 如： photos，zoos ,pianos, radios,（有生命的）加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯 ‎1、We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?‎ ‎　　 A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D.potatoe    ‎ ‎2．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.‎ ‎　　A. tomatos    B. tomato    C. tomatoes    D. tomatoss ‎ ‎3. Let's take____ ____(photo), OK?‎ ‎4. I have lots of_____ ___(tomato) here.‎ 五）以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es。‎ 如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves ‎1、Please remember to give the horse some tree_ __.‎ ‎　A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D.leave        ‎ ‎2、Twelve _____ __ were hurt, but no __ _______ were lost in that accident.‎ A.person;life  B.people;lives  C.peoples;lives  D.persons;life  ‎ ‎3. The____ ____(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.‎ 六）单复数相同（不变的）有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese, Germen ‎1、---Are there any ________ on the farm?‎ ‎　 　---Yes, there are some. ‎ ‎　A. horse  B. duck  C. chicken  D. sheep       ‎ ‎2、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.‎ ‎　A. sheeps, people B. sheep, people  C. sheeps, peoples  D. sheep, peoples  ‎ ‎3．Can you see nine _____ in the picture?‎ A. sheep     B. dog     C. pig    D. horse ‎ ‎4．There are four _____ and two ______ in the group.‎ A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germen ‎ ‎ C. Japanese, Germans D. Japaneses, Germans ‎ ‎5. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?‎ 七）一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks ‎1. There are five________(people ) in his family.‎ ‎2、There are a lot of _______ down there but hardly any _______.‎ ‎ A. sheeps, people   B.sheep, people  C. sheeps, peoples    D. sheep, peoples    ‎ ‎3、Twelve _______ were hurt, but no _________ were lost in that accident.‎ A.person;life   B.people;lives  C.peoples;lives   D.persons;life  ‎ 八）单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：‎ police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员 九）合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：‎ action movie-action movies, Looker-on  Lookers-on   ‎ ‎1、The police investigated those _____ about the accident.‎ ‎　　A. stander-by                 C. standers-by ‎　　B. stander-bys                 D. standers-bys          ‎ 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。‎ 如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers ‎1、All the ______ in the hospital got a rise last month.‎ ‎　a.women doctors   c.woman doctors b. women doctor d.woman doctor    ‎ ‎2．Two ______ would come to the village.‎ A.woman-doctors B.women doctor  C.women doctors  D.woman doctors ‎ ‎3. They are________(woman) doctors.‎ 十）特殊形式的有： man-men, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen ，woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, mouse-mice, tooth-teeth ‎1、One ______ of Mike’s was hurt in the accident yesterday.‎ ‎　　　A. tooth   B.feet   C.hand   D.ear       ‎ ‎ 2、The little baby has two _______ already.‎ ‎　　　A. tooth   B. tooths   C. teeth   D. teeths    ‎ ‎3. The cat caught two ______ last night.‎ A. mouses    B. mice     C. mouse     D. mices ‎ ‎4．The Japanese ____ will not leave China until she finishes her study.‎ ‎　　A. woman     B. women    C. man    D. men ‎ ‎5．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.‎ A. tooth     B. tooths    C. teeth     D. teeths ‎ ‎6. The deer has four ______.‎ ‎　A. foot   B. feet    C. feets    D. foots ‎ ‎7. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.‎ ‎ (2)不可数名词：包括物质名词和抽象名词 ‎△物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice ‎△抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help 个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词 可数名词 不可数名词 普通名词 ‎ 专有名词 注意事项：‎ ‎1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk ‎ ‎2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如： ‎ ‎ one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.‎ ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.‎ Exercise:‎ ‎1、They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?‎ ‎　　A. some bottles of waters   B. some bottles of water ‎　　C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters    ‎ ‎2、There is some _______ on the plate(盘子).‎ ‎　 A. cakes   B. meat    C. potato  D. pears    ‎ ‎3、Please pass me _____.‎ ‎　 A. two glass of water    B. two glasses of waters  ‎ ‎　 C. two glasses of water   D. two glass water ‎ ‎4、This table is made of __________.‎ ‎ A. many glass     B. glasses     C. some glasses  D.glass     ‎ ‎5、Mr. Smith always has ________ to tell us.‎ ‎　　A. some good pieces of news  B. some pieces of good news ‎ ‎　　C. some good piece of news   D. some piece of good news    ‎ ‎6、Generally there are ______ television programs for children on Saturday.‎ A.little    B. much  C.a large number of  D.a large amount of   ‎ ‎★对量词的提问句型 对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如： ‎ ‎ I would like two apples. → How many apples would you like?‎ ‎ I want some bread. →How much bread do you want?‎ I want three glasses of water.→How many glasses of water do you want？‎ 询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat? How much are the coats?‎ 二. 名词的所有格 所有格的构成 ：1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词 ‎★有生命的名词 （1）一般单数名词后加's. 如：my brother's book，Jack's cat，the girl's pen （2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加‘。 如：the girls’ dormitory，a teachers' college 　 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加's.如：women's clothes.‎ ‎（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加's， 如： Tom and Peter's room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有） （4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加's. 　 如： Tom's and Peter's rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）‎ ‎★无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：‎ the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）‎ 名词习题 一． 写出下列名词的复数形式： ‎ ‎1. house _________ 2. it ___________ 3. zoo __________ ‎ ‎4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________ ‎ ‎7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________ ‎ ‎10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________ ‎ ‎13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________ ‎ ‎16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________ ‎ ‎19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. this__________ ‎ ‎22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________ ‎ ‎25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________ ‎ ‎28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________ ‎ ‎31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________ 33. life ___________ ‎ ‎34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ 36. foot ___________ ‎ ‎37. knife __________ 38. sheep __________ 39. half ___________ ‎ ‎40. child __________ 41.tooth __________ 42.mouth__________‎ 二．选择填空： ‎ ‎1. I want to buy ________. ‎ A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks ‎ ‎2. They don’t have to do _______ today. ‎ A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks ‎ ‎3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture. ‎ A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps ‎ ‎4. June 1 is _______. ‎ A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day ‎ ‎5. ______ room is next to their parents’. ‎ A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan ‎ ‎6. Miss Green is a friend of _______. ‎ A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary ‎ ‎7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white. ‎ A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are ‎ ‎8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______. ‎ A. two breads B. two pieces of breads ‎ C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread ‎ ‎9. Many ______ are singing over there. ‎ A. woman B. women C. girl D. child ‎ ‎10. He bought _______. ‎ A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes ‎ C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe ‎ ‎11. Mr. White has three _______. ‎ A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens ‎ ‎12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______. ‎ A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows ‎ ‎13. There are many ______ in the fridge. ‎ A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread ‎ ‎14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______. ‎ A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’ ‎ ‎15. Here are ______ for you, Sue. ‎ A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato ‎ ‎16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her. ‎ A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes ‎ ‎17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday. ‎ A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden ‎ ‎18. ______ room is on the 5th floor. ‎ A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s ‎ ‎19. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________. ‎ A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges ‎ C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges ‎ ‎20. 10. The cat caught two ______ last night. ‎ A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices ‎21. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day. ‎ A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English ‎ ‎22. There are two ______ in the room. ‎ A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves ‎ ‎23. There are seven ______ in a week. ‎ A. years B. months C. days D. minutes ‎ ‎24. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital. ‎ A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer ‎ ‎25. --- Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________. ‎ A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, ‎America ‎26. They are ______ jackets. A. Lucy’ s B. Lucy’ ‎ ‎27. What color is ______ coat. A. Peter’s B. Peter’ ‎ ‎28. These are ______ books. A. teachers’s B. teachers’ ‎ ‎29. They are ______ ice creams A. children’ B. children’s ‎30. This is ______ bag. A. Tom and Peter’ B.Tom’s and Peter’s ‎ ‎31. Where are ______ . A. the school’s students B. students of the school ‎ ‎32. Those are ______ bags. A. drivers’s B. drivers’‎ ‎33.This bag is ______ . A. Mary’s and Tom’s B. Mary and Tom’s ‎34. ______ fathers are coming. ‎ ‎ A. Mary’s and Kate’s B. Mary’s and Kate C. Mary and Kate’s ‎35.How ____ are these books? A. many B. much ‎ ‎36. This pair of pants ______ blue. I like _____ very much. ‎ ‎ A. is, it B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it ‎ ‎37.How ______ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much ‎ ‎38. This is ________. ‎ A. Mike and Jim's bike B. Mike's and Jim bike ‎ C. Mike's and Jim's bike D. Mike and Jim bike ‎ ‎39. These are ______.‎ A. Amy and Lingling’s room B. Amy’s and Lingling’s room C. Amy’s and Lingling’s rooms D. Amy and Lingling’s room ‎40. My ____ ____ big and my _____ _____ happy. ‎ ‎ A. family is family are B. family is families are 三．根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1. I have a lot of ____ __ to do. (homework) ‎ ‎2. There are seven _ ___ in a week. (day) 3. How many _ ____ can you see? (tomato) 4. Miss Guo is wearing a pair of _____ __. (glass) 6. There are two_____ ___ over there．（bench） 7. I like taking ___ _____．（photo） 8. l can see two______ ____ standing there．（woman） 9. There are two baskets of______ ____ on the floor．（apple） 10.There are three______ ____．（knife）‎ ‎11. How many______ __(sheep) are there on the hill?‎ ‎12. There is some_____ ___(food) in the basket.‎ ‎13. The baby has only two_____ ___(tooth) now.‎ ‎14. There is a lot of____ ____(water) in the bottle.‎ ‎15. There are five______ __(people ) in his family.‎ ‎17. The_____ ___(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.‎ ‎18. The______ __(child) are playing games on the playground now.‎ ‎19. Their_____ ___(dictionary) are very new.‎ ‎20. I see you have a few white___ _____(hair).‎ ‎21. They are__ ______(woman) doctors.‎ ‎22. Can you give me some bottles of __ __ (orange), please?‎ ‎23. There are many___ _____(fox) in the picture.‎ ‎24. I would like some apple_____ ___(juice). I am very thirsty.‎ 六． 翻译下列词组 一瓶牛奶 一杯茶 一双鞋子 ‎ 两条裤子 三杯桔子汁 六包盐 五千克鸡蛋 一些面包 一点水