仁爱英语初一上学期知识点归纳精华

仁爱英语初一上学期知识点归纳精华

初一上英语知识点 Unit 1 Making New Friends ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. good morning/ afternoon / evening 早上/下午/晚上好 ‎2. glad / nice to meet / see you 见到你很高兴 ‎3. welcome to + 地点 欢迎来到……‎ ‎4. let’s + v 让我们做……‎ ‎5. stand up 起立 ‎6. sit down 坐下 ‎7. this is... 这是……‎ ‎8. thanks = thank you 谢谢 ‎9. see you = see you later = goodbye 再见 ‎10. ID number 身份证号码 ‎11. be from=come from 来自 ‎12. in English 用英语 ‎【重要句型】‎ ‎1. ---What’s your name? ---My name is Sally.‎ ‎2. ---Where are you from? ---I’m from China.‎ ‎---Where do you come from? ---I come from China.‎ ‎3. ---Where is he/ she from? ---He/She is from Japan.‎ ‎4. ---What’s this/ that in English? --- It’s a/ an… ‎ ‎5. ---What’re these/ those in English? ---They’re… ‎ ‎6. ---How do you spell it? ---E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser.‎ ‎7. ---Can you spell it? ---Yes, M-A-P, map.‎ ‎8. —How old are you/ is he/ are they? —I’m/ He is/ They are eleven.‎ ‎9. —What’s your telephone number? —It’s 4567967.‎ ‎10. —What class/ grade are you in? —I’m in Class Ten, Grade Seven.（注意大小写）‎ ‎11. Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. ‎ ‎12. —Hello!/Hi! —Hello!/Hi!‎ ‎13. —Nice/Glad to see/meet you. —Nice/Glad to see/meet you, too.‎ ‎14. —Welcome to China/my home. —Thanks.‎ ‎15. —How do you do? —How do you do?‎ ‎16. —How are you? —Fine, thank you. And you? —I’m OK.‎ ‎17. —See you then/ later. —See you. ‎ ‎18. —Goodbye. —Bye.‎ ‎19. —Thank you. —You’re welcome./That’s OK./Not at all.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 元音字母： Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 包含有以下元音的字母：‎ ‎[e] Aa Hh Jj Kk ‎ ‎[i:] Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv ‎ ‎[aɪ] Ii Yy ‎ ‎[ju:] Uu Qq Ww ‎ ‎[e] Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz ‎2. 大小写 句首字母，人名，地名，称呼语，专有名词，星期的首字母要大写，引人注意。‎ ‎• Look！Is that Jane?‎ ‎• He comes from Hubei, China.‎ ‎• Mr. Wang, this is my mom.‎ ‎• —What class are you in?‎ ‎—I’m in Class Ten, Grade Seven.‎ ‎• On Sunday, we go to the West Hill for a picnic.‎ ‎3. Be动词的用法 ‎• 我用am，你用are，is用于他、她、它，单数用is，复数就用are。‎ ‎• 含be动词的陈述句变否定句在be后加not，变一般疑问句将be提前。‎ ‎• 一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+ be；否定回答：No, 人称代词+be + not。‎ 如：---They are teachers. ---They are not teachers.‎ ‎---Are they teachers? ---Yes, they are./ No, they aren’t.‎ ‎4. 不定冠词、定冠词和and的用法 ‎ (1)不定冠词a, an的用法 a /an 都表示“一，一个”，a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,如：a book; a desk; an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple / an orange/ an English book;/ an English boy/ an old man;/an actor/ an English teacher/ an office worker.‎ ‎(2)the是定冠词，表特指，单复数前面都可用 ‎• We are in the same class.‎ ‎• The girl in a pink skirt is Jane.‎ ‎• Where is the book?‎ ‎• This isn’t my bike. The blue one is mine.‎ ‎(3) and的用法 ‎• 数字相加看做单数： Two and three is five.‎ ‎• 颜色相加也是单数: Black and white is gray.‎ ‎• 人和事物相加是复数：Lucy and Lily are sisters. The pen and the eraser are Jane’s.‎ ‎5. 可数名词单数变复数 ‎（1）规则变化 ‎① 一般在名词词尾加-s，如：car---cars; photo---photos; toy---toys; boy---boys ‎② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在词尾加--es，如：box---boxes; bus--buses ‎③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：baby--babies; family--families ‎4）以fe结尾，变fe为v再加es，如：knife--- knives ‎（2）不规则变化 如：foot---feet; man---men; woman---women; snowman---snowmen;‎ ‎（3）集体名词：people, clothes, police, family ‎（4）成双出现的名词：shoes, pants(trousers), gloves, eyes, ears 九. 一词多义：An orange（桔子）is orange（橙色的）. ‎ Unit 2 Looking Different ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎1. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物给某人Please give it to her.‎ ‎2. look the same 长相相同 look different 长相不同，看起来不一样 ‎3. look like 看起来像He looks like his father. = He and his father look the same.‎ ‎4. next to 在……旁边The boy next to me is my good friend.‎ ‎5. in +颜色 穿着……颜色的衣服 in +a/an +颜色+衣服 穿着……颜色的……‎ The boy in a yellow T-shirt and gray pants is my good friend.6. (1) both两者都（be动词之后，实义动词之前） ‎ They both have brown hair and black eyes.‎ They are both office workers.‎ ‎(2)all 三者或三者以上都 They are all kind to me. ‎ ‎7. 数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n. ‎ two big red apples She has short blond hair.‎ ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. Who is your favorite actor?‎ ‎2. We are in the same school, but we are in different grades.‎ ‎3. What do/does +主语+look like? ……长得怎么样？‎ ‎---What does he look like?‎ ‎--- He is not very tall but very strong.‎ ‎4. We don’t look the same, but we are good friends.‎ We look the same, but we are in different clothes.‎ ‎5. ---What color is/are +主语？---It’s/ They’re +颜色.‎ ‎---What color is her hair? ---It’s blond.‎ ‎6. This is my cap. = This cap is mine.‎ Is this your cap? = Is this cap yours?‎ ‎---Whose cap is this? = Whose is this cap? --- It’s Sally’s.‎ ‎---Whose are these bananas? --- They’re their bananas/ theirs.‎ ‎7. His pants are blue and mine are white.(mine=my pants)‎ My T-shirt is green and his is brown.(his=his T-shirt)‎ ‎8. I have small eyes, but he has big ones.（ones指代eyes）‎ My jacket is blue and white. That one is blue. （one指代jacket）‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式 ‎（1）主语是第三人称单数形式（he、she、it；单一的人；单一的名字；单一的事物），动词要用单三形式。实义动词变第三人称单数的规则：‎ ‎① 一般情况直接加“s”，如：come---comes，meet---meets ‎② 动词以o，s，sh，ch, x结尾，加“es”，如：do--does; go--goes; teach--teaches ‎③ 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es, 如：study--studies, fly--flies, try--tries ‎④ 特殊情况：have--has ‎（2）句型转换 ‎① 当主语为第三人称单数：变否定句时，在动词前加doesn’t, 动词现原形；变一般疑问句时，在句首加does，动词现原形。‎ 一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+does；否定回答：No, 人称代词+doesn’t.‎ 如：She has small eyes.‎ ‎---She doesn’t have small eyes.‎ ‎---Does she have small eyes?‎ ‎---Yes, she does. /No, she doesn’t.‎ ‎② 当主语为第一、第二人称变否定句，在动词前加don’t，变一般疑问句，在句首加do，肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+do；否定回答：No，人称代词+don’t.‎ They have small eyes.‎ ‎---They don’t have small eyes.‎ ‎--- Do they have small eyes? ‎ ‎---Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.‎ ‎2. 表示所属关系 ‎（1）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 形容词性物主代词 my your his her our their its 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers ours theirs its ‎• --Whose is this pen? Is it yours?‎ ‎• --No, it’s not mine. My pen is blue.‎ ‎（2）名词所有格 ‎① 用于人或其他表示有生命的名词后：‎ ‎• 单数或不以s结尾的复数+’s，如：Jane’s book；Women’s Day ‎• 以s结尾的复数+’如： Teachers’Day ‎• Lucy’s and Lily’s bags 分有 ‎ Lucy and Lily’s room 共有 Those are Jane’s shoes.= Those shoes are Jane’s.‎ ‎② of 表示所属关系，用于没有生命的物体，如：a map of China；a photo of my family Unit3 Getting Together ‎【重点短语和句型】‎ ‎1. Could you please + 动词原形……？用来表示委婉的请求 ‎---Could you please tell me your name?‎ ‎--- Sure/ No problem. My name is Sally.‎ ‎--- Sorry.‎ ‎2. tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 ‎ tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人关于某事 Please tell me your name. = Please tell your name to me.‎ Please tell Maria about it. 请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。‎ ‎3. help sb. do sth.= help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事 Please help us find him.‎ Could you please help me with English?‎ ‎= Could you please help me study English?‎ ‎4. want to do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事 want sth. = would like sth. 想要某物 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做……‎ He wants to visit Beijing. = He would like to visit Beijing.‎ I want/would like an orange.‎ Jane wants Kangkang to sing some songs with her.‎ ‎5. show sth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 Maria shows a photo of her family to Kangkang.‎ ‎6. My English is very good. =I can speak English very well.‎ ‎7. live in+ 地点 居住在某地 live with + sb. 和某人住 He live in China with his parents.‎ ‎8. know a lot about…… 知道许多关于……的事 He knows a lot about China.‎ ‎9. say表示说话的内容，speak表示说某种语言的能力 What does he say in the letter?‎ He can speak some English.‎ ‎10. 对事物的喜欢程度 like……very much/a lot 非常喜欢 like……a little 有点喜欢 don’t like……at all 一点都不喜欢 Many students in our class like English a lot, but I like it a little.‎ He doesn’t like chocolate at all.‎ ‎11. a lot of+可数名词复数/不可数名词 I have a lot of English books.‎ ‎12. every day 每天 ‎ each other 相互 ‎ some of them 他们中的一些 eat out 下馆子，到外面吃饭 ‎13. play with sb. 和某人一块玩耍 ‎ like to do/doing sth. 喜欢(做)某事 She likes to play with Kitty.‎ ‎14. Help yourself/yourselves to sth. 随便吃(喝)……‎ ‎15. be kind to sb. 对某人很友好 They are all kind to me. 他们对我很友好。 ‎ It’s very kind of you. 你真好。‎ ‎16. be glad to do sth. 很高兴(乐意)做……‎ I am very glad to be here. 我很乐意在这里。‎ Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。‎ ‎17. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 Let me see.让我想一想。‎ Let us help you find him. 让我们帮助你找到他。‎ ‎18. I am home. 我到家了。‎ Maria isn’t at home/in now. 玛丽亚现在不在家。‎ Welcome to my home. 欢迎来我家。‎ It’s time to go home. 该回家了。‎ ‎【单元知识点详解】‎ ‎1. 实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答 ‎---Does he speak English?‎ ‎-- Yes, he does./ No, he doesn’t.‎ ‎2. 询问职业及工作地点 ‎---What does your mother do?(书面) /What is your mother?(口语)‎ ‎--- She is an English teacher.‎ ‎---Where does she work?‎ ‎--- She works/ teaches/studies in a school / hospital / restaurant / on a farm / in an office... ‎ ‎3. 介绍家人 This is a photo of my family.‎ The young woman in red is my mother. ‎ Is the young woman in red your mother?(变一般疑问句)‎ Who is the young woman in red?(对划线部分提问)‎ My grandparents, my cousin and I are on the sofa.‎ I have a big family. 我有一个大家庭。‎ I love my family. 我爱我的家。‎ ‎4. 就餐表达语 ‎1) ---Would you like something to drink ? 想不想喝些东西？‎ ‎---Yes, a glass of apple juice , please. / No, thanks.‎ something to drink 一些喝的东西 something to eat 一些吃的东西 ‎2) ---What would you like to have / eat / drink ? 你想吃（喝）些什么？‎ ‎---I’d like some rice and chicken. / Let me see. 我想想看。‎ ‎3) Would you like to have dinner with me? 想和我共进晚餐吗？‎ ‎---Yes, I’d love to. / Yes, I’d like to.‎ ‎--- I’m sorry, I have to…‎ ‎4) ---What do you usually have for breakfast? 你通常早餐吃什么？‎ ‎---I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.‎ have…for breakfast/ lunch / dinner 早/午/晚餐吃......‎ ‎5) ---May I take your order, sir? 请问，要点菜了吗？‎ ‎---Fish with vegetables and rice , please.‎ ‎6) May I help you ? = Can I help you ? =What can I do for you ?请问要吃/喝/买些什么？‎ ‎5. 委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达 Would you like sth. / to do…? 你愿意/想……？ ‎ What / How about sth. / doing…? ……怎么样？‎ Why not do…? 为什么不……？‎ Let’s do…! 让我们干……吧！‎ Why don’t you do…? 为什么不……？‎ 肯定回答:Yes, I’d like/love to. /Good idea. /OK. / All right./ I’d love that.‎ 否定回答: No, thanks. / I’m sorry I can’t, I have to do…/ I’d like that, but I’m sorry I have no time.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 人称代词的主格与宾格 点拨：主格在句子中充当主语，放在动词之前；宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语，放在介词之后构成介宾短语。‎ 主格 I we you he she it they 宾格 me us you him her it them ‎---Do you know them?‎ ‎--- Yes. They are my new classmates.‎ ‎2. 可数名词与不可数名词 ‎（1）可数名词：可以用数目来计数的名词，有单数和复数之分。‎ 如：banana, egg, apple, orange, noodles, vegetable, hamburger等。‎ ‎（2）不可数名词：不能用具体的数目来表示，前面不能加a/an，没有复数形式。‎ 如：milk, chicken, bread, Coke, coffee, rice, juice, fish, tea, water, chocolate等。‎ ‎（3）不可数名词若要表示数量，可用：数词+量词+ of + 不可数名词。‎ 如：a glass of milk 一杯牛奶； ten bottles of apple juice十瓶橙汁；ten loaves of bread 十条面包 ‎（4）some/ a lot of +可数名词的复数/ 不可数名词 many +可数名词的复数 much +不可数名词 ‎【书信的格式】‎ ‎1. 称呼：顶格写，常用Dear… 开头，表示亲切、客套，后面用逗号。‎ ‎2. 正文：从称呼的下一行开始写，开头空两格。‎ ‎3. 结束语：正文下面的客套话，写在右下角，首字母大写，末尾用逗号，常用Yours。‎ ‎4. 签名：指写信人的签名，写在结束语的下面。‎ Unit4 Having fun ‎【重点短语和句型】‎ ‎1. buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 为某人买……‎ Linda wants to buy a toy car for her cousin. = Linda wants to buy her cousin a toy car.‎ ‎2. try on sth.= try sth. on 试穿 ‎ try it/them on(固定搭配)‎ Maria tries on the coat in a clothes shop.‎ ‎3. The coat looks very nice on you. 你穿上这件外套真漂亮。‎ ‎4. That’s fine. We’ll take it. 好的，我们就买它了。‎ ‎5. I am just looking. 我只是随便看看。‎ ‎6.“Are you kidding?”你在开玩笑吗？‎ ‎7. think 想，认为 ‎ think about 考虑 think of 认为 Kangkang thinks it’s Li Ming’s.‎ I’ll think about it. 我要考虑一下。 ‎ think about a plan 考虑一项计划 What do you think of this yellow skirt?‎ ‎8. Thank you all the same. 仍然感谢你。‎ ‎9. get some wate 取水 ‎ fly a kite / kites 放风筝 ‎ sing some songs 唱歌 meet friends at home 在家和朋友见面 have a picnic=go (out) for a picnic 去野餐 get up 起床 ‎ go home 回家 ‎ go fishing 去钓鱼 ‎ go shopping=do some shopping 购物 go to the zoo 去动物园 ‎ go to the West Hill 去西山 ‎ visit a friend 拜访朋友 call … back 回电话 do one’s homework 做作业 ‎ take one’s order点菜 ‎ take some bread 带一些面包 ‎ see the Monkey Show 看猴子表演 ‎10. ask sb. to do sth. 请/要某人做某事 Could you ask her to call me back this evening? 你能让她今晚给我回个电话吗？‎ ‎11. need sth. /to do sth. 需要(做)某事 We need to help them with their English. 我们需要帮助他们学英语。‎ We need two kilos of apples and some rice.‎ ‎12. have / has to do sth. 不得不/必须做……‎ Kangkang has to cook. 康康必须要做饭。‎ Kangkang doesn’t have to cook. (变否定句)‎ ‎13. save 节省，攒钱，挽救 Big sale! Buy more and save more! 大降价！买得多，省得多！‎ Ben can save ¥5.‎ ‎14. here 这里 there 那里 Here you are. 给你。 ‎ Here it is. 在这。 ‎ Here we are. 我们到了。‎ The clothes are there, madam. 夫人，服装在那边。‎ ‎---Where is Baby Monkey’s home? --- It’s there.‎ ‎15. be free = have time 有时间，有空 ‎ Are you free this Sunday? = Do you have (any) time this Sunday?‎ I’m sorry I have no time. = I’m sorry I don’t have any time.‎ ‎16. It’s time to do sth / for sth. 该做某事了，是做某事的时候了 It’s time to have breakfast.= It’s time for breakfast.‎ ‎17. Thank you for your help. = Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你的帮忙。‎ ‎18. at eight o’clock 在八点整 ‎ in the morning / afternoon / evening 在早上/下午/晚上 ‎ on Sunday moring在星期天早上 ‎19. on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上 ‎ on one’s way to school 在上学的路上 Buy some eggs and rice on your way home.‎ The Baby Monkey can’t find his way home.‎ ‎【单元知识点详解】‎ ‎1. 购物表达语 ‎1) ---Can I help you? / May I help you? ‎ ‎---Yes, please. I want to buy some clothes for my daughter. / I’m just looking, thanks.‎ ‎2) ---What can I do for you?‎ ‎---I want a T-shirt for my son.‎ ‎3) ---Can I try it on? / Why not try them on? ‎ ‎--- Sure / No problem.‎ ‎4) That’s fine. We’ll take it.‎ ‎5) 280 yuan! Are you kidding? I’ll think about it. Thank you all the same.‎ ‎6) ---Could you help me do some shopping?‎ ‎--- Sure. What do we need?‎ ‎7) ---Is that all? 就那些吗？ ‎ ‎--- Yes, I think so. 是的，我想就这些。‎ ‎8) ---It’s too heavy. 它太重了。 ‎ ‎---Let me help you. 让我帮助你吧。‎ ‎2. 询问对事物的观点、看法 ‎---How do you like this pair of pants?=What do you think of this pair of pants? 你认为这条裤子怎么样？‎ ‎--- They’re too long. / I don’t like it at all. How about the blue one?‎ ‎3. 询问数量 how much +不可数名词 + …？‎ how many+可数名词(复数) +…？‎ ‎---How many apples do you need?‎ ‎---We need two kilos of apples. ‎ ‎---How many bags of rice do you need?‎ ‎---We need five bags of rice. ‎ ‎---How much rice do you need?‎ ‎---We need five bags of rice. ‎ ‎4. 询问价格(price)‎ ‎---How much is / are ……？ ---It’s / They’re …….‎ ‎---How much is the bread? ---It’s three yuan a loaf.‎ ‎---How much are the shoes? ---They are 280 yuan.‎ ‎5. 询问重量(quantity)‎ ‎---How heavy is it? --- It’s one kilo a bag.一千克一袋。‎ ‎6. 打电话的简单交际用语 ‎1) ---Who is this, please? ---This is Sally.‎ ‎2) ---May I speak to Maria? ---Sorry, she isn’t in/at home now. ‎ ‎3) ---Are you free this Sunday? ---Yes. What’s up?‎ ‎4) ---Would you like to go to the West Hill with us?‎ ‎5) ---Could you ask / tell him to call me back this evening? ---Sure.‎ ‎7. 委婉地请求、建议 ‎1) ---Would you like to fly a kite with me? ---Oh/Yes, I’d love/like to.‎ ‎2) ---How/What about flying a kite with me?---I’m sorry I can’t. I have to cook.‎ ‎3) ---Why not fly a kite with me? ---I’d like that, but I’m sorry I have no time.‎ ‎4) ---Let’s fly a kite. --- Good idea. / OK. / That would be very nice.‎ ‎8. 询问时间(time)‎ ‎---What time is it, please? / What is the time, please? ---It’s seven o’clock.‎ ‎9. 询问最喜欢的动物 ‎---What are your favorite animals?---Elephants/Monkeys/Panadas/Tigers. They’re so/very kind/clever/cute/strong.‎ ‎【重点语法】‎ ‎1. 时间表达法 ‎（1）直接表达:“时+分”，如: 4:00 four o’clock ; 12:05 twelve o five；2:30 two thirty ‎（2）30分钟以内：用“分+ past+ 时”，表示“几点几分”如：8:15 a quarter past eight; 9:30 half past nine ‎（3）超过30分钟：用“(60-分)+ to+(时+1)”表示“差几分到几点” 如：3:55 five to four ; 5:40 twenty to six ‎2. some与any 的用法 some 用于肯定句及希望得到肯定回答的疑问句，any用于否定句和疑问句中。‎ She wants some oranges. ‎ Does she want any oranges?‎ What about / Why not have/ Would you like some chicken?‎