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2021届新高考选考化学一轮复习人教版易错题排查落实——重要化学方程式的书写作业
易错题排查落实——重要化学方程式的书写(是离子反应的写离子方程式) 1.碳及其化合物 (1)SiO2和C的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (2)Mg在CO2中燃烧 ________________________________________________________________________; (3)向澄清石灰水中通入过量CO2气体 ________________________________________________________________________; (4)CO2与C反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (5)C与H2O(g)反应 ________________________________________________________________________。 答案:(1)SiO2+2CSi+2CO↑ (2)2Mg+CO22MgO+C (3)OH-+CO2===HCO (4)CO2+C2CO (5)C+H2O(g)CO+H2 2.氯及其化合物 (1)Cl2和H2O的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (2)Cl2和NaOH溶液的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (3)Cl2和石灰乳的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (4)将Cl2通入Na2SO3溶液中 ________________________________________________________________________; (5)将Cl2和SO2混合通入水中 ________________________________________________________________________; (6)将Cl2通入氢硫酸溶液中 ________________________________________________________________________; (7)将浓盐酸和MnO2混合加热 ________________________________________________________________________; (8)电解饱和食盐水 ________________________________________________________________________; (9)将浓盐酸与漂白液混合 ________________________________________________________________________; (10)向KMnO4固体中滴加浓盐酸 ________________________________________________________________________。 答案:(1)Cl2+H2OH++Cl-+HClO (2)Cl2+2OH-===Cl-+ClO-+H2O (3)Cl2+Ca(OH)2===Ca2++Cl-+ClO-+H2O (4)Cl2+SO+H2O===SO+2H++2Cl- (5)SO2+Cl2+2H2O===4H++2Cl-+SO (6)Cl2+H2S===S↓+2H++2Cl- (7)MnO2+4H++2Cl-Mn2++Cl2↑+2H2O (8)2Cl-+2H2OCl2↑+H2↑+2OH- (9)Cl-+ClO-+2H+===Cl2↑+H2O (10)2MnO+16H++10Cl-===2Mn2++5Cl2↑+8H2O 3.硫及其化合物 (1)S溶于热的烧碱溶液 ________________________________________________________________________; (2)将H2S气体通入CuSO4溶液中 ________________________________________________________________________; (3)Na2S溶液在空气中放置变浑浊 ________________________________________________________________________; (4)铜和硫单质的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (5)将SO2气体通入氢硫酸中 ________________________________________________________________________; (6)将少量H2S气体通入FeCl3溶液中 ________________________________________________________________________; (7)SO2通入溴水中,使溴水褪色 ________________________________________________________________________; (8)用足量氨水吸收SO2尾气 ________________________________________________________________________; (9)Cu和浓硫酸的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (10)C和浓硫酸的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (11)固体Na2SO3和70%的浓硫酸的反应 ________________________________________________________________________。 答案:(1)3S+6OH-2S2-+SO+3H2O (2)H2S+Cu2+===CuS↓+2H+ (3)2S2-+O2+2H2O===2S↓+4OH- (4)2Cu+SCu2S (5)SO2+2H2S===3S↓+2H2O (6)H2S+2Fe3+===S↓+2Fe2++2H+ (7)SO2+Br2+2H2O===SO+2Br-+4H+ (8)2NH3·H2O+SO2===2NH+SO+H2O (9)Cu+2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O (10)C+2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑+2SO2↑+2H2O (11)Na2SO3+H2SO4(浓)===Na2SO4+H2O+SO2↑ 4.氮及其化合物 (1)N2和H2的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (2)将NH3通入水中 ________________________________________________________________________; (3)实验室利用NH4Cl和Ca(OH)2固体混合加热制备NH3 ________________________________________________________________________; (4)NH3的催化氧化 ________________________________________________________________________; (5)向NH4HCO3溶液中加入过量稀NaOH溶液 ________________________________________________________________________; (6)NO2溶于水 ________________________________________________________________________; (7)NO2被烧碱溶液吸收生成两种钠盐 ________________________________________________________________________; (8)物质的量之比为1∶1的NO和NO2混合气体恰好被烧碱溶液吸收生成一种钠盐 ________________________________________________________________________; (9)C和浓硝酸的反应 ________________________________________________________________________; (10)浓硝酸见光分解(写化学方程式) ________________________________________________________________________; (11)Fe与过量稀硝酸反应 ________________________________________________________________________。 答案:(1)N2+3H22NH3 (2)NH3+H2ONH3·H2O (3)2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)22NH3↑+2H2O+CaCl2 (4)4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O (5)NH+HCO+2OH-===NH3·H2O+CO+H2O (6)3NO2+H2O===2H++2NO+NO (7)2NO2+2OH-===NO+NO+H2O (8)NO+NO2+2OH-===2NO+H2O (9)C+4H++4NOCO2↑+4NO2↑+2H2O (10)4HNO3(浓)4NO2↑+O2↑+2H2O (11)Fe+4H++NO===Fe3++NO↑+2H2O查看更多