第十二讲 文化翻译之菜谱翻译讲课稿

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第十二讲 文化翻译之菜谱翻译讲课稿

第十二讲文化翻译之菜谱翻译\n课后练习:翻译下列各句,注意数量的减少。(1)第一根试管内水的深度比第二根试管浅一半多。(2)人体内金属污染物的磁场通常约为地球磁场的百万分之一。(3)把数据传输速度减少一半,将会使每一符号间隔时间延长一倍。(4)这根电线的长度比原来缩短了3/4。(5)新马达的重量是旧马达的1/10。(6)新机床的重量减少了5/6。(7)新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3。(8)由于采用新技术,这个电路中的焊点数减少35%。(9)自动装配线能够缩短装配期9|10.(10)这种新型热电式仪表的预热时间缩短了4/5。\n翻译以下几个菜名红烧狮子头素鸭夫妻肺片童子鸡贵妃鸡\n这样翻译红烧狮子头redburnedlionhead素鸭vegetarianduck夫妻肺片husbandandwifeliverslices童子鸡chickenwithoutsexuallife贵妃鸡concubinechicken\n烧红狮子头Braisedporkballsinsoysauce素鸭DriedTofu夫妻肺片beefandoxtripeinchilisauce童子鸡springchicken贵妃鸡deep-friedchicken\n一、刀功切、削(cutting),切片(slicing),切丝(shredding),切碎(mincing),切丁(dicing),切柳(filleting),去骨(boning),去皮(skinning/peeling),刮鳞(scaling),剁末(mashing),刻、雕(carving)等。其他的加工方法还有酿(stuffing),腌(pickling/salting),浸、泡(marinating),去壳(shelling)等\n二.烹调方法、火候(1)炒(stir-frying)(2)煎(pan-frying)如pan-friedeggs(3)爆(quick-frying).如爆大虾(quick-friedshrimps)。(4)炸,氽(deep-frying)如五香炸鸡翅(deep-friedchickenwingwithspicyflavour)。如再细分,还可分为干炸(drydeep-frying),软炸(softdeep-frying)和酥炸(crispydeep-frying)。(5)烧(braising)如红烧肉(braisedporkwithsoysauce)。(6)煮(boiling)煮还可分为速煮(instantboiling)和快煮(quickboiling)。北方的涮羊肉常译为instantboiledmutton(7)蒸(steaming)如荷叶粉蒸肉(steamedflour-coatedporkwrappedinlotusleaves)。\n(8)炖,煨,焖(simmering/stewing)如炖粟子鸡(stewedchickenwithchestnuts),煨牛肉(simmeredbeef)。(9)熏(smoking)如熏山鸡(smokedpheasant)。(10)烘,烤(baking/broiling,grilling/roasting/basting),如盐烙信丰鸡(saltbakedXinfengchicken);烤(grilling/broiling)是将食物放在铁板或铁架上用明火烤;roasting是指将食物放在火上或火旁烤烧,如烤乳猪(roastedpiglet);至于basting是指在食物烧烤的过程中不时浇淋调味抽,以防烤焦,同时增加味道。(11)白灼(scalding)如白灼海螺片(scaldedslicedconch).\n三.菜肴名称的翻译方法菜看名称的翻译,首先应该让外围客人了解菜的原料和烹渊的主要方法,其次应反映菜肴“色、香、味、形”的主要特点,如有可能还应简略介绍与菜肴有关的民俗风情或历史传说,文字应该简洁明了。根据中式菜肴的主要特点和菜名英译要求,一般可采用以下四种方法进行翻译。\n(一)直译法写实类菜名可以采用中式菜肴绝大多数是写实型菜名,通常舍有原料名(主料、配料和调料)和烹调法,英译时可采用“烹调法十加工法十原料(主料+配料+调料)”的格式。熏鱼smokedfish蒸梭子蟹steamedseacrabs油爆虾quick-friedshrimps清蒸桂鱼steamedmandarinfish煨牛肉simmeredbeef炒豌豆苗friedpeashoots\n涮羊肉Instantboiledmutton生炒鸡什Stir-friedchickengiblets炸虾球Deep-friedprawnballs炸风尾鱼Stir-friedanchovies炒蟹粉Stir-friedcrabmeat炒腰片friedslicedpig’skidney\n2.烹调法+主料名+with+配料名炖栗子鸡stewedchickenwithchestnuts干烧明虾Braisedprawnswithpeppersauce奶油鱼肚Friedfishmawwithcreamsauce冬菇菜心Stir-friedwintermushroomswithgreencabbage\n蟹粉鱼肚stewedfishmawwithcrabmeat笋菇鸡丁Stir-friedchickencubeswithbambooandmushrooms蟹肉海参Friedseacucumberswithcrabmeat素什锦豆腐Braisedbeancurdwithmixedvegetable腐乳汁烧肉Stewedporkwithpreservedbeancurd冬笋炒鱿鱼stir-friedsquidwithfreshbambooshoots\n3.烹调法+主料名+With/in+调料名红烧肉Braisedporkwithbrownsauce盐水虾Boiledshrimpsinsaltwater煎明虾Friedprawnsingravy红烧青鱼Stewedblackcarpwithbrownsauce清炖甲鱼Stewedturtleinclearsoup蟹肉海参Friedseacucumberswithcrabmeat\n葡汁全鸡Braisedchickenwithwinesauce醋溜子鸡Friedspringchickenwithvinegarsauce奶油鱼肚Friedfishmawwithcreamsauce豉油蒸鲩鱼Steamedtenchinsoysauce\n4.烹调法+加工法+主料名+with/in+调料名凤肝鸡片Friedslicedchickenwithchickenliver茄汁牛肉片Friedslicedbeefwithtomatosauce虾仁炒蘑菇Friedshelledshrimpwithmushroom肉片烧豆腐Stewedslicedporkwithbeancurd洋葱牛肉丝Friedshreddedbeefwithonion雪菜炒冬笋Friedcabbagewithfreshbambooshoots白灼海螺片Scaldedslicedconch\n(二)意译类中式菜肴不仅讲究烹调艺术,其名称也讲究典雅,富于寓意,因此有些菜名根据主料和配料色或形的特点,或经烹调后菜肴的总体造形,起了个具有吉祥如意或富有艺术造型的典雅名称。对于这类菜名,只能采用意译的方法,舍形或舍音求意,将其原料和烹调方法全部照实译出。如:\n炸响铃deep-friedbeancurdskin龙凤会stewedsnakeandchicken全家福stewedassortedmeats/hotchpotch游龙成风stir-friedprawnsandchicken蚂蚁上树beanvermicelliwithspicymeatsauce雪积银钟stewedmushroomsstuffedwithwhitefungus一卵孵双凤steamedchickeninwatermelon\n(三)直译十注释类我国地域广阔,各地民情、风俗不同,都有一些具有地方特色的名菜,其名称通常是“地名,人名+菜名”;翻译时可采用“直译地名/人名+菜名”或“菜名+(in)…style”的格式翻译。\n东坡肉Dongpobraisedpork宋嫂鱼羹SisterSong'sfishpotage北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck蒙古烤肉Mongolianbarbecue西湖醋鱼WestLakevinegarfish镇江肴肉fragranceporkinZhengjiangstyle官保鸡丁frieddicedchickeninSichuanstyle成都子鸡stir-friedspringchickeninChengduStyle东江酿豆腐beancurdstuffedwithmincedporkinDongjiangStyle\n有些菜名,源于历史典故或民间传说,其名称本身既不反映菜肴的原料,也不反映其烹调制作的方法,若要讲清其含义,必须讲述一个故事或一段历史,作为菜名翻译则是无法解释清楚的;对于这类菜名,宜采用直译其名加解释的方法。如:佛跳墙Fotiaoqiang(assorttedmeatandvegetablescookedinembers)大救驾Dajiujia(ShouxianCounty’skernelpastry)叫化鸡beggar'schicken(bakedmud-coatedchicken)\n药膳菜肴名称的翻译,不仅应该译出菜肴的原料和烹调制作方法,还应该简明扼要地译出其主要药理作用,以体现药膳独特的风味和功效,同时也便于不熟悉中国饮食文化的外国食客的选择和品尝。雪耳龙眼汤whitefungusandshelledlongansoup(withthefunctionofimprovingIungsandpreventinganemia)双鞭壮阳汤ox-tailsoup(withthefunctionofbeingmoreenergetic)天麻炖山鸡stewedpheasantwithgastrodia(withthefunctionofpreventingdizzinessandcuringheadache)银杏子鸡丁braiseddicedyoungchickenwithgingko(withthefunctionofstrengtheningIiverandspleen)杜仲腰花片friedslicedpig’skidneywitheucommia(withthefunctionoftonicandtranquilizer)\n翻译以下几个菜名荔浦芋扣肉蛤蚧炖全鸡马蹄炒鸡球冬笋炒牛肉桂林荷叶鸭荷叶粉蒸肉环江烤乳猪灵川狗肉\n景点的翻译以增强可读性为主导宣传中国文化\n名胜古迹景点名称的翻译意译天坛theAltartotheGodsoftheSoilandGrain金鸾殿theThroneHall圆明园OldSummerPalace太和殿theThroneHallofSupremeHarmony保和殿theHallofGuaranteedHarmony\n“音译为主,适当意译,照顾通译”的地名翻译原则太和殿TaiHeDian(HallofGreatHarmony)乾清官QianQingGong(PalaceofHeavenlyPurity)养心殿YangXinDian(HallofMentalCultivation)坤宁官KunNingGong(PalaceofEarthlyTranquility)象鼻山XiangBiShan(theElephantHill)瑶池YaoChi(LakeofImmortals)\n景点通名的译法景点名称=专名+通名(专名是景点地名的实体部分,通名则表示景点的类别)九龙山JiuLongShan(theNineDragonHill)白云山BaiYunShan(theWhitecloudMountain)七星岩QiXingYan(theSevenStarCrags)神女峰ShenNuFeng(GoddessPeak)试剑石ShiJianShi(theSwordTestingStone)蓬花池LianHuaChi(LotusPond)桃花溪TaoHuaXi(PeachBlossomsStream)紫竹林ZiZhuLin(thePurpleBambooGrove九寨沟JiuZhaiGou(theRavineofNineStockadedVillages)流霞岛LiuXiaDao(FlyingcloudIslet)\n望海楼WangHaiLou(theSeaViewTower)玉佛寺YuFoSi(theJadeBuddhaTemple)拙政园ZhuoZhengYuan(GardenofHumbleAdministrator)六合塔LiuHeTa(thePagodaofSixHarmoniesHill)天后宫TianHouGong(thePalaceoftheGoddessofHeaven)君子亭JunZiTing(thePavilionofGentlemen)三义阁SanYiGe(thePavilionofThreeLoyalBrothers)结义坊JieYiFang(theMemorialArchoftheSwornBrothers)霸王城BaWangCheng(theFortressofXiangYu)\n此课件下载可自行编辑修改,仅供参考! 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