中文菜谱常见翻译方法

中文菜谱常见翻译方法

13/13中文菜谱常见翻译方法中餐菜谱不容易翻译，原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达，对菜名特别讲究。菜单翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成，因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是菜的用料，刀法和烹调方法。由此可见，要译好菜谱，就必须知道一些主要的用料，刀法，烹调方法及某些准备步骤，希望下面的英文翻译对诸位在翻译公司工作的同行有所帮助：1．常见的用料鸡  chicken  鸭  duck  鹅goose鱼类fish  肉类meat猪肉pork  牛肉beef小牛肉veal羊肉mutton  小羊肉lamb牛尾oxtail里脊fillet  排骨spareribs腰子kidney肚子tripe肝liver舌tongue  下水offals蹄子trotter  胗gizzard鸡什giblets鹿肉venison鸡脯chickenbreast  甲鱼turtle海味seafood虾shrimp  干贝scallop  螃蟹crab  鱿鱼  squid  海蛰jellyfish黄鳝finlesseel  海螺whelk  野味game  兔rabbit  鸽pigeon鹌鹑quail  龙虾lobster牡蛎  oyster  田螺snail  田鸡frog蛇snake腌肉bacon  香肠sausage  火腿  ham  熊掌bear’spaw鱼翅shark’sfin  燕窝bird’snest2．煮前的准备工作去骨boning例如，去骨鸭掌  打鳞  scaling  例如，去鳞鱼scaledfish剥/去皮skinning例如，去皮田鸡  skinnedfrogs脱壳shelling例如，虾仁  shelledshrimps腌制pickling  例如，咸酸菜  pickledvegetables3.常用刀法及用料形状（1）常用刀法切片  slice  切丝shred切丁dice  切柳  fillet  切碎mince捣烂mash  酿入stuff(2)常用用料形状肉/鱼片slicedmeat/fish或meat/fishslices  肉丝shreddedmeat或porkshreds肉/鸡丁dicedpork/chicken或meat/chickencubes  肉末mincedmeat肉丸meatballs  肉馅meatfilling4.中餐菜单翻译法（1）直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来，再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。如：炖牛肉StewedBeef（2）直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意，然后再补充说明其内在含义。如：狮子头Lion’sHead——PorkMeatBalls全家福HappyFamily——Acombinationofshrimps,pork,beef,chicken,lobsterandmixedvegetableswithbrownsauce(3)意译法。此法可分为三种情况：1）原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词，有时捎带把烹调法也译出，再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。如：海米白菜  ChineseCabbagewithDriedShrimps鱼香肉丝  ShreddedPorkwithGarlicSauce2)作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语，放在中心词原料的前面。如：咖喱牛肉CurryBeef  古老肉  Sweet&SourPork3)以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义，夸张等说法而用平直，明白的英语译出。如：发财好市  BlackMossCookedwithOysters彩凤喜迎春BakedChickenandFriedQuailEggs\n13/13蚂蚁上树VermicelliwithSpicyMincedPork龙虎凤大烩ThickSoupofSnake,CatandChicken4)“移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食，因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道，通俗易懂，能收到事半功倍的效果。如：烤排骨  BarbecuedSpareRibs  饺子  Chinese-styleRavioli5)音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出，然后再加以解释性的英译，使英译文保留点“中国味”。如：包子Baozi——StuffedBun  馒头Mantou——SteamedBread6)“随机应变”法：原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后，再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如：广东龙虾LobsterCantoneseStyle  麻婆豆腐BeanCurdSichuanStyle5.中餐常见的烹调方法中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种，但大体不离：煮（boiling）,煲/炖（stewing）,烧/焖/烩（braising）,煎（frying）,炒（stir-frying）,爆（quick-frying）,炸（deep-frying）,扒（fryingandsimmering）,煸（sauteing）,煨（simmering）,熏（smoking）,烤（roasting/barbecuing）,烘（baking）,蒸（steaming）,白灼（scalding）等基本方法。煮boiled.  如“煮咸牛肉”（BoiledCornedBeef）煲/炖stewed.  如“清炖牛尾”(StewedOxTailinClearSoup)烧braised.  如“红烧牛蹄”  (BraisedOxTrottersinBrownSauce)煎（pan-）fried.  如“煎明虾”（FriedPrawns）炒stir-fried  如“炒鸡丁”  （Stir-FriedChickenDices）爆quick-fried.  如“葱爆羊肉”(Quick-friedlambwithScallioninGingerSauce)炸deep-fried.如“炸大虾”(Deep-friedprawns)扒friedandsimmered.  如“虾子扒海参”（FriedandSimmeredSeaCucumberwithShrimpsRoe）煸sauted.  如“干煸鳝鱼”(SautedEelSlices)煨simmered.如“煨牛肉”（SimmeredBeef）焖braised  如“黄酒焖猪排”  (Braisedporkchopsinricewine)烩braised如“烩鸡丝”（Braisedchickenshredswithpeas）  熏smoked如“熏鱼”(SmokedFish)烘baked  如“烘鸽”（BakedPigeon）  蒸steamed如“蒸鲜鱼”（SteamedFreshFish）酱/醋marinated如“酱鸡”（MarinatedChicken）  卤spicy;stewedingravy  如“卤鸭”（SpicyDuck）  涮instant-boiled  如“涮羊肉”（Instant-BoiledMuttonSlices）酿stuffed如“酿青椒”（StuffedGreenPepper）烤roast;barbecued  如“烤鹅”（RoastGoose）清蒸steamed(inclearsoup)如“清蒸桂鱼”（SteamedMandarinFish）清炖stewedinclearsoup  如“清炖甲鱼”（StewedTurtleinClearSoup）  白灼/微煮scalded  如“白灼海虾”（ScaldedPrawns）红烧braisedinbrownsauce  如“红烧蹄筋”（BraisedPorkTendoninBrownSauce）  干烧inpeppersauce  如“干烧干贝”（ScallopinPepperSauce）  麻辣withhotpepper  如“麻辣豆腐”（BeanCurdwithHotPepper/SpiceBeanCurd）\n13/13酱爆inbeansauce  如“酱爆肉丁”（DicedPorkinBeanSauce）  鱼香in(spicy)garlicsauce  如“鱼香肉丝”（ShreddedPorkinGarlicSauce）  糖醋withsweetandsoursauce如“糖醋排骨”（SpareribswithSweetandSourSauce）宫保withchiliandpeanuts如“宫保鸡丁”（DicedChickenwithChiliandPeanuts）脆皮crisp(inspicysauce)如“脆皮鱼”（CrispFish）香酥crispfried如“香酥鸡”（CrispFriedChicken）  焦熘friedinsauce如“焦熘鱼片”（FriedFishSlicesinSauce）甜酸sweetandsour如“甜酸肉”（Sweet&SourPork）  胡辣withpepperandchili如“胡辣海参”（SeaSlugwithPepperandChili）油淋drip-friedwithoil  如“油淋兔”（Drip-FriedRabbitwithoil）干煸dry-sauteed如“干煸季豆”（Dry-sauteedStringBeans）  盐水boiledinsaltwater如“盐水虾”（BoiledShrimpsinSaltWater）家常homestyle  如“家常豆腐”（BeanCurdHomeStyle）  陈皮withspicyorangepeel如“陈皮鸡”（ChickeninSpicyOrangePeel）回锅double-sauteed如“回锅肉”（Double-sauteedPorkSlices）  五香spiced  如“五香牛肉”(SpicedBeef)  干炸drydeep-fried如“干炸羊肉”（DryDeep-friedLambBreast）软炸softdeep-fried如“软炸里脊”（Soft-friedPorkFillet）酥炸crispdeep-fried如“酥炸羊脯”（CrispFriedLambBreast）串烤skewered如“串烤羊肉青椒”  （SkeweredMuttonwithGreenPepper）铁扒grilled如“铁扒乳鸽”（GrilledBabyPigeon）烧烤roast如“烤乳猪”（RoastSucklingPig）砂锅incasserole  如“砂锅鱼翅”（Shark’sFininCasserole）锅巴withsizzling/crispyricecrust如“锅巴海参”（SeaSlugwithSizzling/CrispyRiceCrust）  芙蓉witheggwhite  如“芙蓉海参”(SeaCucumberswithEggwhite)  麻酱withsesamepaste如“麻酱海参”（Beche-de-merwithSesamePaste）三鲜withtwootherdelicacies如“三鲜海参”（SeaCucumberswithOtherTwoDelicacies）醋溜indistilledgrainssauce如“醋溜鸡片”（SlicedChickeninDistilledGrainsSauce）  凉拌insoysauce如“凉拌海蛰”（JellyfishinSoySauce）  酸辣hotandsour如“酸辣黄瓜”（HotandSourCucumber）  姜汁ingingersauce如“姜汁扁豆”（SnapBeansinGingerSauce）  蚝油inoystersauce如“蚝油香菇”（MushroomsinOysterSauce）蒜泥withmashedgarlic如“蒜泥胡豆”（BroadBeanswithMashedGarlic）什锦mixed;assorted  如“什锦丝冬粉”(AssortedShredswithVermicelli)茄汁intomatosauce  如“茄汁鸡脯”  （ChickenBreastinTomatoSauce）咖喱withcurry如“咖喱牛肉”（FriedBeefwithyCurry）  八宝(stuffed)witheightdelicacies  如“八宝鸡”（ChickenStuffedwithEightDelicacies）葱爆quick-friedwithscallioningingersauce  如“葱爆羊肉”（Quick-friedLambwithScallioninGingerSauce）  \n13/13粉蒸steamedinriceflour  如“粉蒸牛肉”（SteamedBeefinRiceFlour）  奶油increamsauce如“奶油鱼肚”（FriedFishMawinCreamSauce）木犀withscrambledeggsandfungus  如“木犀肉”（FriedPorkwithScrambledEggsandFungus）醉liquor-preserved如“醉蟹”（Liquor-preservedCrabs）辣味inchilisauce  如“辣味烩虾”（BraisedPrawnsinRiceWine）豆豉inblackbeansauce如“豆豉桂鱼”（MandarinFishinBlackBeanSauce）黄焖braisedinricewine如“黄焖大虾”（BraisedPrawnsinRiceWine）椒盐withpepperandsalt  如“椒盐排骨”（SpareRibswithPepperandSalt）怪味multi-flavored如“怪味鸡”（Multi-flavoredChicken）西餐(WesternFood)头盘及沙拉类1腌熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon2腌三文鱼MarinatedSalmonwithLemonandCapers3凯撒沙拉CaesarSalad4鲜蘑鸡肝批ChickenLiverTerrinewithMorels5奶酪瓤蟹盖BakedStuffedCrabShell6鲜果海鲜沙拉SeafoodSaladwithFreshFruit7厨师沙拉Chef'sSalad8金枪鱼沙拉TunaFishSalad9尼斯沙拉SaladNicoise汤类10奶油蘑菇汤CreamofMushroomSoup11奶油胡萝卜汤CreamofCarrotSoup12奶油芦笋汤CreamofAsparagusSoup13番茄浓汤TraditionalTomatoSoup14海鲜周打汤SeafoodChowder15法式洋葱汤FrenchOnionSoup16牛肉清汤BeefConsommé17匈牙利浓汤\n13/13HungarianBeefGoulash18香浓牛尾汤OxtailSoup19意大利蔬菜汤MinestroneSoup20蔬菜干豆汤HeartyLentilSoup21牛油梨冻汤ChilledAvocadoSoup22西班牙番茄冻汤Gazpacho禽类23红酒鹅肝BraisedGooseLiverinRedWine24奶酪火腿鸡排ChickenCordonBleu25烧瓤春鸡卷GrilledStuffedChickenRolls26红酒烩鸡BraisedChickenwithRedWine27烤鸡胸酿奶酪蘑菇馅BakedChickenBreastStuffedwithMushroomsandCheese28炸培根鸡肉卷Deep-FriedChickenandBaconRolls29水波鸡胸配意式香醋汁PoachedChickenBreastwithBalsamicSauce30烤火鸡配红浆果少司RoastTurkeywithCranberrySauce31烤瓤火鸡RoastStuffedTurkey32烧烤鸡腿BarbecuedChickenLeg33烤柠檬鸡腿配炸薯条RoastedLemonMarinadeChickenLegwithFrenchFries34扒鸡胸Char-GrilledChickenBreast35咖喱鸡ChickenCurry36秘制鸭胸配黑菌炒土豆Pan-friedDuckBreastwithSautéedPotatoesandTruffles牛肉类37红烩牛肉StewedBeef38白烩小牛肉FricasseedVeal39\n13/13牛里脊扒配黑椒少司GrilledBeefTenderloinwithBlackPepperSauce40扒肉眼牛排GrilledBeefRib-EyeSteak41西冷牛排配红酒少司RoastBeefSirloinSteakwithRedWineSauce42T骨牛扒T-BoneSteak43烤牛肉RoastBeef44罗西尼牛柳配苯酒汁BeefTenderloinandGooseLiverwithTruffleandPortWineSauce45青椒汁牛柳BeefTenderloinSteakwithGreenPeppercornSauce46铁板西冷牛扒SizzlingSirloinSteak47香煎奥斯卡仔牛排Pan-friedVealSteakOscarwithHollandaiseSauce48咖喱牛肉BeefCurry49威灵顿牛柳FilletSteakWellington50俄式牛柳丝BeefStroganoff51烩牛舌BraisedOx-Tongue52红烩牛膝OssoBucco53黑胡椒鹿柳配野蘑菇和芹菜烤面皮VenisonFilletBlackPepperCoatwithWildMushroomandCeleryBrick猪肉类54烧烤排骨BarbecuedSpareRibs55烟熏蜜汁肋排SmokedSpareRibswithHoney56意大利米兰猪排PorkPiccatta57瓤馅猪肉卷配黄桃汁StuffedPokeRouladeWithYellowPeachSauce58煎面包肠香草汁Pan-friedSwissMeatLoafwithPestoSauce59炸猪排Deep-FriedPorkChop羊肉类60扒羊排GrilledLambChop\n13/1361扒新西兰羊排GrilledNewZealandLambChop62烤羊排配奶酪和红酒汁RoastLambChopwithCheeseandRedWineSauce63羊肉串LambKebabs64烤羊腿RoastedMuttonLeg鱼和海鲜类65海鲜串SeafoodKebabs66扒金枪鱼GrilledTunaSteak67扒挪威三文鱼排GrilledNorwegianSalmonFillet68三文鱼扒配青柠黄油GrilledSalmonwithLimeButter69比目鱼柳和扇贝配红酒核桃汁BraisedSolefillet&SeaScallopswithRedWineandWalnuts70煎比目鱼Pan-friedWholeSole71烤三文鱼柳配香草汁和黑橄榄酱RoastedSalmonFilletWithPestoBlackOlivePurée72烤三文鱼排意大利宽面和藏红花汁RoastedSalmonSteakWithTagliatelle&SaffronSauce73煎红加吉鱼排GrilledRedSnapperFillet74黄油柠檬汁扒鱼柳GrilledFishFilletinLemonButterSauce75扒大虾GrillekingPrawns76蒜茸大虾GrilledKingPrawnswithGarlicHerbButter77巴黎黄油烤龙虾BakedLobsterwithGarlicButter78奶酪汁龙虾GratinatedLobsterinMornaySauce79香炸西班牙鱿鱼圈Deep-FriedSquidRings80荷兰汁青口贝GratinatedMusselsHollandaiseSauce蛋类81火腿煎蛋FriedEggswithHam82洛林乳蛋饼QuicheLorraine\n13/1383熘糊蛋ScrambledEggs面、粉及配菜类84海鲜通心粉MacaroniwithSeafood85海鲜意粉SpaghettiwithSeafood86意大利奶酪千层饼CheeseLasagna87什莱奶酪比萨饼PizzaVegetarian88海鲜比萨SeafoodPizza89烤牛肉蘑菇比萨RoastBeefandMushroomPizza90肉酱意大利粉SpaghettiBolognaise91意大利奶酪馄饨CheeseRavioliinHerbedCreamSauce92咖喱海鲜炒饭Stir-FriedSeafoodRicewithCurry93红花饭SaffronRice94阿拉伯蔬菜黄米饭CouscouswithVegetables95西班牙海鲜饭Paella96牛肉汉堡包BeefBurger97鸡肉汉堡包ChickenBurger98美式热狗AmericanHotDog99俱乐部三文治ClubSandwich100金枪鱼三文治TunaFishSandwich101烤牛肉三文治RoastedBeefSandwich102健康三文治HealthySandwich103烟熏三文鱼SmokedSalmon104土豆泥MashedPotatoes\n13/13105里昂那土豆LyonnaisePotatoes106公爵夫人土豆DuchessePotatoes107烩红椰菜BraisedRedCabbagewithApple甜品西点类108黑森林蛋糕BlackForestCake109英式水果蛋糕EnglishFruitCake110草莓奶酪蛋糕StrawberryCheeseCake111草莓蛋糕StrawberryCake112蓝莓奶酪蛋糕BlueberryCheeseCake113美式奶酪蛋糕AmericanCheeseCake114绿茶奶酪蛋糕GreenTeaCheeseCake115意大利提拉米苏ItalianTiramisu116大理石奶酪蛋糕MarbleCheeseCake117咖啡奶酪蛋糕CoffeeCheeseCake118红莓松糕CranberryMuffin119干果派MixedNutsPie120蓝莓松糕BlueberryMuffin121琳泽蛋糕LinzerCake122芒果木司蛋糕MangoMousseCake123苹果派ApplePie124草莓酥条StrawberryNapoleonSliced125巧克力榛子蛋糕ChocolateHazelnutCake126巧克力木司\n13/13ChocolateMousse127水果脆皮酥盒PuffPastrywithFruits128维也纳巧克力蛋糕SacherCake129热情果木司PassionMousse130杏仁多纳圈AlmondDonuts131牛奶巧克力多纳圈MilkChocolateDonuts132鲜水果配沙巴洋FruitwithSabayon133水果蛋挞FreshFruitTart134白巧克力奶油布丁WhiteChocolateBrulee135绿茶布丁GreenTeaPudding136芒果布丁MangoPudding137热枣布丁WarmStickyDatePudding138香草布丁VanillaPudding139焦糖布丁CreamCaramel/CaramelCustard140果仁布朗尼WalnutBrownies141咖啡剧本蛋糕CoffeeOperaSlice饼干及其它142手指饼LadyFinger143蝴蝶酥ButterflyCracker144巧克力曲奇ChocolateCookies145爆米花(甜/咸)Popcorn(Sweet/Salt)146香草冰淇淋VanillaIceCream147巧克力冰淇淋ChocolateIceCream148草莓冰淇淋StrawberryIceCream\n13/13149绿茶冰淇淋GreenTeaIceCream150冰霜Sherbets151冰糖莲子银耳羹CandiedLotusSeed&WhiteFungusSoup152草莓奶昔StrawberryMilkShake153巧克力奶昔ChocolateMilkShake154咖啡奶昔CoffeeMilkShake面包类155水果丹麦FruitDanish156牛角包Croissant157袋子包PitaBreadPlain158农夫包FarmerBread159洋葱包OnionLoaf160全麦包WholeWheatBread161软包SoftRoll162硬包HardRoll163长法棍FrenchBaguette吐司面包Toast中国小吃英文表达中式早點烧饼Clayovenrolls油条Friedbreadstick韭菜盒Friedleekdumplings水饺Boileddumplings蒸饺Steameddumplings馒头Steamedbuns割包Steamedsandwich\n13/13饭团Riceandvegetableroll蛋饼Eggcakes皮蛋100-yearegg咸鸭蛋Saltedduckegg豆浆Soybeanmilk饭类稀饭Riceporridge白饭Plainwhiterice油饭Glutinousoilrice糯米饭Glutinousrice卤肉饭Braisedporkrice蛋炒饭Friedricewithegg地瓜粥Sweetpotatocongee面类馄饨面Wonton&noodles刀削面Slicednoodles麻辣面Spicyhotnoodles麻酱面Sesamepastenoodles鴨肉面Duckwithnoodles鱔魚面Eelnoodles乌龙面Seafoodnoodles榨菜肉丝面Pork,pickledmustardgreennoodles牡蛎细面Oysterthinnoodles板条Flatnoodles米粉Ricenoodles炒米粉Friedricenoodles冬粉Greenbeannoodle汤类鱼丸汤Fishballsoup貢丸汤Meatballsoup蛋花汤Egg&vegetablesoup蛤蜊汤Clamssoup牡蛎汤Oystersoup紫菜汤Seaweedsoup酸辣汤Sweet&soursoup馄饨汤Wontonsoup猪肠汤Porkintestinesoup肉羹汤Porkthicksoup鱿鱼汤Squidsoup花枝羹Squidthicksoup\n13/13甜点爱玉Vegetariangelatin糖葫芦Tomatoesonsticks长寿桃LongevityPeaches芝麻球Glutinousricesesameballs麻花Hempflowers双胞胎Horsehooves冰类绵绵冰Meinmeinice麦角冰Oatmealice地瓜冰Sweetpotatoice紅豆牛奶冰Redbeanwithmilkice八宝冰Eighttreasuresice豆花Tofupudding果汁甘蔗汁Sugarcanejuice酸梅汁Plumjuice杨桃汁Starfruitjuice青草茶Herbjuice点心牡蛎煎Oysteromelet臭豆腐Stinkytofu(Smellytofu)油豆腐Oilybeancurd麻辣豆腐Spicyhotbeancurd虾片Prawncracker虾球Shrimpballs春卷Springrolls蛋卷Chickenrolls碗糕Saltyricepudding筒仔米糕Ricetubepudding红豆糕Redbeancake绿豆糕Beanpastecake糯米糕Glutinousricecakes萝卜糕Friedwhiteradishpatty芋头糕Tarocake肉圆TaiwaneseMeatballs水晶饺Pyramiddumplings肉丸Rice-meatdumplings豆干Driedtofu其他当归鸭Angelicaduck槟榔Betelnut火锅Hotpot