双眼运动的旋转协调

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双眼运动的旋转协调

  双眼运动的旋转协调【摘要】  双眼旋转运动协调很复杂,协调不佳将会导致双眼的视网膜物像产生视差,引起复视和立体视下降。临床多种复杂性斜视主要表现为旋转运动的异常,本文将主要回顾旋转运动成分的研究。【关键词】旋转运动;双眼;适应  AbstractThetorsionalcoordinationofbinoculareyemovementsisaplextasksincemisalignmentproducesretinaldisparitiesanyspecialstrabismuscaseshavetorsionalalignmentproblem.Thisrevieovements.\n  KEYelis等[9]采用步进的内外旋视标作为水平扫视的注视物,结果发现同向旋运动的幅度并没有发生改变,因此认为同向旋运动没有适应性。Maxaxwell等[23]的实验证实了这一点。他们发现:适应训练前,旋转隐斜与头倾斜无关;如果不同头倾斜方向时给不同方向的旋转视差,例如头右倾时给外旋视差,左倾时给内旋视差,然后再相反。经历此番训练后(训练时间为1h),旋转隐斜出现了明显的头位依赖性。也就是说,旋转视差所产生的眼动需求改变了固有的OCR增益,其意义在于降低OCR的增益可以把旋转运动带来的垂直视差降低到垂直运动融合允许的范围内,避免造成对双眼视的干扰。  6 旋转运动协调与临床疾病  中枢神经系统病变会引起旋转运动的不协调:Gresty研究发现:如果中脑特定区域发生病变将会产生眼旋三联征(triadoculartiltreaction,OTR)[24]。电生理研究也证实:电刺激中脑特定区域同样会诱发OTR[25]。小脑在维持代偿眼动协调上也扮演重要角色,,TylerC,KaragiannisP,TechanismforListingslaorcerebellarlesion.InvestOphthalmolVisSci2008;49(1):204214  8 KonoR,ClarkRA,DemerJL.Activepulleys:magicresonanceimagingofrectusmusclepathsintertiarygazes.InvestOphthalmolVisSci2002;43(7):21792188  9 MelisBJ,VanGisbergenJA.Analysisofsaccadicshorttermplasticityinthreedimensions.VisionResearch1995;35(2324):34233437  10 Maxentinrelationtosmoothpursuitand\nsaccades.VisionResearch2001;41(27):37353749  11 TaylorMJ,RobertsDC,ZeeDS.Effectofsustainedcyclovergenceoneyealignment:rapidtorsionalphoriaadaptation.InvestOphthalmolVisSci2000;41(5):10761083  12 HoentalBrainResearch1994;100(3):509514  13 MitsudoH,KanekoH,NishidaS.Perceiveddepthofcurvedlinesinthepresenceofcyclovergence.VisionRes2009;49(3):348361  14 IbbotsonMR,PriceNS,DasVE,etal.Torsionaleyemovementsduringpsychophysicaltestingology2009;116(10):20012010  17 DiamondS,MarkhamCH.Ocularcounterrollingasanindicatorofvestibularotolithfunction.Neurology1983;33(11):14601469\n  18 KoriAA,SchmidPriscoveanuA,StraumannD.Verticaldivergenceandcounterrolleyemovementsevokedbyans.JNeurophysiol2001;85(2):671678  19 ScherbergerH,CabungcalJH,HeppK,etal.Ocularcounterrollmodulatesthepreferreddirectionofsaccaderelatedpontineburstneuronsinthemonkey.JNeurophysiol2001;86(2):935949  20 AagyiGM.Latencyandinitiationofthehumanvestibuloocularreflextopulsedgalvanicstimulation.JNeurophysiol2006;96(2):925930  21 MigliaccioAA,DellaSantinaCC,CareyJP,etal.Theeffectofbinoculareyepositionandheadrotationplaneonthehumantorsionalvestibuloocularreflex.VisionResearch2006;46(16):24752486  22 BergaminO,StraumannD.Threedimensionalbinocularkinematicsoftorsionalvestibularnystagmusduringconvergenceonheadfixedtargets\ninhumans.JNeurophysiol2001;86(1):113122  23 Maxentinrelationtoheadroll.VisionResearch1999;39(25):41924199  24 GrestyMA,BronsteinAM,BrandtT,etal.Neurologyofotolithfunction.Peripheralandcentraldisorders.Brain1992;115(Pt3):647673  25 LueckCJ,HamlynP,Crausduetodirectstimulationofthemidbraininman.Brain1991;114(Pt5):20692079  26 F,ZeeDS.Cerebellardiseasealterstheaxisofthehighaccelerationvestibuloocularreflex.JNeurophysiol2005;94(5):34173429  27 ,SharpeJA.CerebellarskeaK,FukushimaJ,etal.Oculartorsionproducedbyunilateralchemicalinactivationofthecerebellarflocculusinalertcats.CurrentEyeResearch2002;25:133138\n  30 F,TianJ,ShanX,etal.Lesionsofthecerebellarnodulusanduvulainmonkeys:effectonotolithocularreflexes.ProgBrainRes2008;171:167172  31 YingHS,DarbandiB,ShanX,etal.Quantitativeeyemovementrecordingsinapatientus2007;15(3):137147
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