英语（心得）之如何培养学生的英语阅读能力

英语（心得）之如何培养学生的英语阅读能力

英语论文之如何培养学生的英语阅读能力 ‎ ‎  阅读是人们获取信息的重要途径, 对中学生来说要顺利完成中学英语学习, 达到大纲的要求, 特别是真正学会把英语作为获取信息的工具, 加强阅读训练, 提高阅读能力是很重要的. 阅读作为英语学习的四项基本技能之一,在高考中无论在阅读材料的难度、深度、阅读的速度、生词量已经从初级阶段提高到了较高的层次; 阅读材料的体裁多样，体裁广泛可以是传记、故事、记叙、社会文化、文化知识、科普小品、应用文；阅读的质量既要求把握主要事实，主要逻辑线索，时间和空间顺序的表面理解，也要求有把握中心思想的概括能力；也要求把握上下文理解作者态度和观点的分析问题的能力，也要求有从推断生词语义到根据已知的事实推断出段尾未直接写出的意思的推理判断能力和想象能力,因此,如何培养学生的英语阅读能力是英语教学的一个重要课题,本人在自己的教学中和与同行的探讨中觉得应该从如下几个方面来培养学生的阅读能力: ‎ 一.明主旨文学作品往往通过故事反映社会生活的某一本质方面，这就是主题。议论文总有一个中心论题，作者阐明自己的观点并对此观点加以论证，科普文章常指出某一个课题，通过实例或实验给以科学的分析解释，即使是新闻报道，也以某一事件作为报道的主要内容，将该事件的时间、地点、原因、过程及结果等几方面交代清楚，从而引起读者的普遍关心。因此，迅速把握文章的主题、中心、大意很关键。而要正确找出主题思想应该把握以下几点: 1. 抓主题思想，我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其他信息所具有的共性。例如:‎ Directions：Choose the most general sentence． ‎ A．The hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7to 10a．m．daily． ‎ B．There are many reasons why guests feel at home at the Glorietta Bay Inn． ‎ C．The coin-operated laundry room has an ironing board． ‎ D．There are a number of extra services at the Glorietta Bay Inn including baby-sitting． ‎ A、C、D都是从不同的侧面说明旅馆的服务情况，相互间并无联系。而B却概括了A、C、D的共性的东西，即：为什么旅客住在这家旅馆里有宾至如归的感觉。因此，B符合题意，倘若在一段文章中包含了以上A、B、C、D几条信息，那么，B就是该段的中心思想。出于同样的道理，如果在一篇文章中，作者分段叙述几方面的内容，那么，这些段落所围绕和要说明的问题就是该文的中心思想.2. 主题思想应能恰如其分地概括文中所阐述的内容。面不能太窄，即：不足以概括全部内容；但是面也不能太宽，即：包含了文中没有阐述的内容。例如:Directions：Read the following and choose the title that best expresses the ideas ‎ of the passage． ‎ There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices．It is called the law of supply and demand．Supply means the amount of，or access to，certain goods．Demand represents the number of people who want those goods．If there are more goods than wanted，the price of them falls．On the other hand，if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply， then the price rises．Of course，manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased price． A. Economic Principles ‎ B．Law of Supply and Demand ‎ C．More Goods，Lower Prices ‎ D．Fewer Goods，Higher Prices ‎ 该问题，A泛指经济规律，面过宽；C和D只是供需规则的二个单独的方面，不能包含全部，面太窄。正确的答案是B，因为这正是该短文自始至终谈论的主题.3. 一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句（Topic Sentence）表达。主题句常常位于段首或段尾处，间或出现在段落中间。同样，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。例四： ‎ English is clearly an international language．It is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the ‎ world．Over 70 percent of the world's radio programs are in English． ‎ 本段主题句为首句，其后的内容句均说明首句 二. 抓要点阅读理解短文的信息较为密集，考试时并不要求每句都透彻理解并瞬间强记所有信息，在领会短文大意之后，可根据试题迅速抓住有关段落或句子核查与分析，然后作出合理判断。例如:The biggest disadvantage of modern life is loneliness. The young leave home when they grow up, and many old people live alone. Fewer old people have brothers and sisters like their parents or grandparents. An old person’s one or two children may have moved to another part of the country. Even when they live nearby, the young people have their own work to do and their own children to look after. They have no much time for the old. Problems of loneliness often start when people stop work. When people retire（退休）, they find it difficult to start a new life without their jobs.△Although some old people live near their sons and daughters,     . A.   they still feel lonelyB.   They want to move to other placesC.   They have no time to look after their grandchildrenD.   They like to live with their own brothers and sisters这一自然段的首句就说明这段文章主要讲的是loneliness,‎ ‎ 抓住这一要点结合下文内容可知该题的正确答案应该是A. 三.理顺序要理解一篇文章必须得理清文章主要脉络, 弄清楚事件的前后因果关系、地点的大小、方向方位、物品的贵重好坏、课程的内容时间、人物的思想品质等，然后根据试题要求进行重点的比较和整理，作出判断。  四. 破疑点 快速阅读中，必定会产生许多疑点，如对某些词语和句子的理解不确切、人物事件的关系不清楚、作者的观点态度不明朗等等，有时读完一篇较难的短文，甚至有“如入云里雾中”的感觉。如何突破疑点从而改善阅读的心态呢？第一，借助试题破疑点；第二，比较语句的异同破疑点。例如:    This is a large open square. There is a church at the end of it, and around the other sides there are stone buildings. The square has many palm（棕榈）trees and flowers. There are wide walks going around it and through it. There are benches under the trees along the walks. There is a bandstand (乐队演奏台) in the center. Today there is no band but recorder music is coming from a loud speaker on the side of the bandstand. The square is filled with people of all ages. Most of the older men and women are sitting on the benches. The young children are running around, playing on the walks and on the empty bandstand. Some people are reading and others are talking to their friends.△Which of the following is right?A.   The gate of square is very large and never ‎ closed.B.   The square is in a very big building.C.   The walks around the square are very wide.D.   Actually the square is an amusement.在做这个题时大多数学生的答案是C. 这是因为学生受了文中信息的误导, 做好这道题的关键就是要比较题中的选项C. The walks around the square are very wide. 和文中的信息There are wide walks going around it and through it.通过仔细思考就会发现这两个句子所包含的意义不一样,所以C不正确.而从文中所提供的各种各样的人在广场里外活动的信息得知正确答案应该是D.总之, 阅读能力的提高是一个逐步积累的渐进过程，阅读是英语学习的一项基本要求，也是提高英语水平的重要途径, 所以培养学生的阅读能力是很有必要的也是非常重要的.    ‎