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办公空间室内设计外文文献翻译
外文文献原文+译文原文TheresearchofpersonalizedofficespaceinteriordesignMartinGAbstractInthe21stcentury,humansocietyenteredthe"informationage",mostcountriesintheworldalsohasgraduallyintotheHpostindustrialsociety”.Intheeraof"postindustrialsociety役basedoncomputertechnology,networktechnologyandinformationtechnologycharacteristicsoftheinformationsocietywillchangeourmodeofproduction,lifestyle,workstyleandwayofthinking,affectseveryaspectofourlives.Thedevelopmentofnetworkmakestheworldbecomessmallerandsmaller,andthecitybecamebigassimilation,lifebecomesurbanization,peoplelostthepassionofpursuingnewandchange.Inthiseraofhomogeneity,anynewthingswillmakepeoplefeelexcitedanddelighted,cansomeoneasthecheersandapplause,pursuingnewandchangeisthesloganofTheTimes.Thelifeneeds,designcallsformorepersonalizedworks.Makepublicindividualcharacter,inthefieldofdesigninnovationistheslogan.Thepersonalityisthesoulofinteriordesign,interiordesignforindividualwork.Keywords:Humannature;Personalized;Officespace;Interiordesign1IntroductionIncallinguponthepersonalityinthefieldofinteriordesign,ontheonehand,peopledemandmoreattentiontopersonitself,alsointheinteriordesignisalsomoretoembodytheHpeople-orientedHdesignconcept.Interiordesignmoreconsiderationtoalllevelsofpeopleofdifferentphysiologicalandpsychologicallevel,thevariousrequirementsofthedesigntoachievemorebalance,balancethedualrequirementofpeopleinthematerialworldandspiritualworld,tendtobemorehumane,intelligentandecologicaldesign.Graduallyreduce,ontheotherhand,astheearth'sresources,theworseningofthenaturalenvironment,destructionofecologicalbalance,needmoreofisininteriordesignnpeople-orientedndialectic,whichisinthelifetopromoteenergyconservation,savingresourceandmoderateconsumption,onthedesigntoimplementgreendesign,ecologicaldesignandenvironmentaldesign,achievetheharmoniousdevelopmentofmanandnature.nInthefieldofinteriordesign,officespaceoccupiedlargeproportionofinteriordesign.InAugust1933CAM(internationalassociationofmodernarchitecture)fourthconferenceinAthensbytheAthenscharter,andputforwardtheJive,work,transportationactivitiesistostudyandanalysisofurbandesigninmoderntimes,themostbasicclassificationWorkisoneofthemainhumanactivities,officespaceisthecenterofthemodernlife,andpeoplehaveathirddayofthetimewanttobeintheoffice.Well-designedpersonalizedofficespacepeoplecankeepagoodbalanceofbodyandmind,stimulatecreativity,promotetheexchangeofwork,andenhancethesenseofbelonging,tocreategreaterwealthforthesociety.Therefore,officespaceinteriordesignisparticularlyimportant.1OverviewofinteriordesignInteriordesign,alsoknownastheindoorenvironmentdesign,themaincontentofthedesignforindoorplanedesignandspacecombination,indoorsurfaceartprocessing,andindoorfurniture,lampsandlanterns,displaytheselectionandarrangement,etc.Generallyhavethefloorplan,flat-toppeddiagram,facadeexpansionplan,aswellasfurniture,lampsandlanternsanddetaildrawing・CanuseGanttchartorcolorrendering/1Asanindependentprofessionalinteriordesign,intheworldistrulyestablishedinthe1960s,afterthebirthofmodernarchitecturemovementisinteriordesignprofessionalagentdirectly,makeindoordesignindesignideaandgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinmodernarchitecturemovementonebyonetomakeindoordecorationfrompureinterfacetothedesignofthespace;fromthetraditionalpatternoftwo-dimensionalspacedesigntocreateinnovativefour-dimensionalmodel;theessenceliesintheoverallartisticatmosphereofinteriorspacetocreate,thisisthetraditionalwayofthinkingofinteriordesignafundamentalshiftinattitudes.Interiordesignisacomprehensivestrongcrossdiscipline,istheartandscience,theunityofformandtechnique.Artandscience,ashumanbeingstoknowtheworldandtransformtheworld'stwomostpowerfulmeans,alsoreflectedinthedesign.Cansay,thewholeprocessofdesign,istomakeallsortsofsubtlethingsandfeelings,organizedintoaclearconceptandartforms,soastobuildcontenttodemandthematerializationofhumanemotionsandbehavior.Alldesignpracticeistomakethenknowledgeandthecharacteristicsofemotionalstreamline,ultimatelycomesdowntothispracticeaestheticssystemintheformofartandscientifictheorysystem.Anykindofdesignresultsisthecrystallizationofartandscience,thedesignisonthebrinkofbetweenartsandsciencesubjects.Here,theartasasourceofdesignthinking,reflectedinpeople'sspiritualworld,subjectiveemotionalaestheticconsciousnessbecomedesigncreateimpulsion.Scienceasadesignspecificationoftheprocessmanifestsitselfinthematerialworld,peopleofobjectivefunctionoftechnologyusingthedesigningaguaranteeofsuccess.Thatreflectmoreoutstandingintheindoordesign,moderninteriordesigninvolvestheaestheticpsychology,architecture,sociology,ethnology,humanbodyengineering,structuralengineering,architecturalphysicsandmaterialsciencedisciplines,suchasitrequirestheuseofmultidisciplinaryknowledge,comprehensivemulti-levelspaceenvironmentdesign,isahighlyintegratedcomprehensivediscipline.Interiordesignasanindependentcomprehensivediscipline,istherationalcreationmethodinarchitecturalinteriorspace,isakindofbasedonthestructureofscience,totheartformofexpression,tocreateaspiritualspaceandmaterialspaceandindoorlivingenvironmentfortherationalcreationactivity,thesensibilityofarttogetherandscientificrationalityasthedesignerscreateinfinitepowe匚Interiordesignisacategoryofdesign,allaspectsofthedesignofthefullperformancecharacteristics.Designistoseekabreakthroughintheartisticfeeling,anextraordinary,acharacteristicofthestate,whileinthisstateandbreakthroughcollectivelyknownaspersonalizeddesign.Personalizedembodiedininteriordesigninthemodemofficespacemoretohighlight,evenfarbeyondthespiritualandculturalrequirementsofthespaceenvironmentisresponsiblefor.Itrequiresthatreflectstheuniquestyleofenterpriseculture,policymakers,toleranceandstyle,thecollectiveimageofthecompany,thecompany'shistoricaldevelopmentandeventhecompany'sproductcharacteristicimage,andsoon.Interiordesignofindividualischaracteronthepremiseofnpeople-orientedn.TheHpeople-orientedncanbeunderstoodasinteriordesignsomeofthecommonrequirements,designsomeaspectsofpersonalitydevelopmentoffunctionalfactors,includinginteriorspaceofthephysicalnenvironment,physicalenvironmentandpsychologicalenvironmentandvisualenvironmentandotherfactors.Personalizedofficespaceinteriordesignshouldbebasedonthesefactors-Interiordesignofindividualischaracterontheguidelineof^environmentalconsciousness”.Inbebeingdesignedindoors,”people-oriented”designconceptrepresentshumanintuitiveunderstandingoftheirowninterests,reflectsthevaluejudgmentofanthropocentrismandvalueorientation,thedesignoftheformingruleofnaturetheorysystemandmethodology.However,duetohumaneasilyswayedbyutilitarianism,simplyemphasizethe'people-oriented11,isboundtodamagethenaturalvaluetoachievethepurposeofremakingnature.Shouldbeinthedevelopmentofinteriordesigndevelopmentundertheguidanceofoverallenvironmentconsciousness,personalizedinteriordesignshouldmergeintheoverallenvironment,andthenaturalharmoniousdevelopmentoftheoverallconceptofchooseandemploypersonsideasandplanningprojects,tocarryonthedesign.Interiordesigntotheideaofecologyandecologicalvaluesisthemainprinciple,tofullyconsiderthehumanenvironmentalsustainabledevelopment.1Thechangeofthepost-industrialsocietyofficespaceSincethe1990s,representedbyinformationandcommunicationindustryofknowledge-basedindustriesbecomethegrowthpointoftheworldsbiggesteconomy,network,digitalizationandvirtualizationbecomethemaincharacteristicsoftheneweconomy.AlongwiththewideapplicationofInternettechnology,thepopularityofmobilecommunicationtechnologydevelopment,eachkindofelectronicofficeproductsconstantlyupgrading,makethehumanonthebasisofconstantlyimproveofficeefficiency,tothedepthandbreadthdevelopment,continuetodeepenthedegreeofofficeautomation,anewtypeofofficemode,arise.Transmissionofinformationistoreducelineconfiguration.Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhasbrought"virtualization”officebuildinginthe1990S.Asmobilephones,notebookcomputers,theemergenceoftheInternetandE-mail,officeworkersactuallyturnedouttobe"freeagents11(FootLoose)officeplaceandtimeoffreedom.Informationtechnologyisalsochangedontheconceptofworkandorganization.Dividetoofineofficespacelayoutisnnolongersuitableforthenewworkingmethodemphasizestheinteractionofteamspirit,sohadtocreateamoreopenworkspace・Ontheonehand,thescopeofinformationtechnologymakestheworkcontinuouslybreaklimitofthespace,everywhereintheworld.Theemergenceofnewdigitalofficemodeandconcept,maketheenterprisebegantoputmoremoneyintothecomputernetworkandrelatedtechnology,andslashfundingforthenewoffice・Manylargecompanieshavebeguntoexperimentanewofficemode.Forexample,the"elastic”(Flextime)or"office”alternately(Alternateoffice)implementedinIBM.IBMfor13000sales,often,technicalandadministrativepersonnelareequippedwithcomputers,printers,faxmachinesandmodem,facilitateeverybodyworkoutsidetheoffice.Anewinformationsystem,ontheotherhand,makedevelopmentchangedabouttheconceptofworkandorganization,officeworkersactuallyturnedinto"freeagents",theyenjoyfreedomofofficesandofficehours.Increasingworkefficiencyoftheindividual,unittimehascreatedanunprecedentedsocialwealth・ThearrivalofnetworkagemakesHSOHO(Smalloffice,homeoffice)becamepopularintheworld.SOHOnarrowedtheofficespace,completelyeliminatethespacedistanceoftheofficeandfamily,toovercomethebusytraffic,congestion,theshareofenergyatthesametime,reducestheconsumptionofresources,goodwaytosolvetheproblemsoflandforgrowingpopulationexplosionandthescarce.SOHOworksmakeworklife,evertiresomemanyworkingatmosphereinthefamilytomakethepersonfeelsinterest,theworkingsofaSOHOhasbecomeamainstreaminthefuture・文献岀处:MartinG.Theresearchofpersonalizedofficespaceinteriordesign[J].CaliforniaManagementReview,2016,4(3):89-101.译文个性化办公空间室内设计研究MartinG摘要21世纪人类社会进入了“信息时代二世界上大多数国家也已经逐步转入了n“后工业社会二在“后工业社会"的时代里,以计算机技术、网络技术和信息技术为特征的信息化社会将会彻底地改变我们的生产方式、生活方式、工作方式和思维方式,影响到我们生活的方方面面。网络化的发展使得世界变得越来越小,城市变得大同化,生活变得城市化,人们失去了求新求变的激情。在这个同质化的时代里,任何新鲜事物的产生都将让人们感到兴奋和欣喜,都会冇人为Z喝彩和鼓掌,求新求变是时代的口号。生活需要心意,设计更是呼唤个性化的作品。张扬个性,创新本來就是设计领域的口号,个性是室内设计的灵魂,室内设计呼唤个性化的作品。关键词:人性化;个性化;办公空间;室内设计1引言在呼唤个性的室内设计领域中,一方面,人们也更加地重视人本身的需求,室内设计中也更加地体现着“以人为本"的设计理念。室内设计更多地考虑到各个层次的人们不同的生理和心理层次多方面需求,在设计屮更加兼顾、平衡地实现人们在物质世界和精神世界的双重需求,设计更趋向人性化、智能化和生态化。另一方而,随着地球资源的逐渐减少,自然环境在的不断恶化,生态平衡的H益破坏,室内设计中更需耍的是“辩证的以人为木',也就是在生活中要提倡节约能源、节约资源和适度消费,在设计上要实行绿色设计、生态设计和环保设计,实现人与自然的和谐发展。在室内设计的领域中,办公空间的室内设计占有很大的比重。1933年8月C工AM(国际现代建筑协会)在雅典的第四次会议上通过了《雅典宪章》,并捉出“居住、工作、游息、交通四大活动是研究及分析现代城市设计时最基木的分类二工作是人类最主要的活动之一,办公空间则是现代人生活的中心,人们一天有三分之一的时间要在办公室里度过。设计良好的个性化办公空间可以保持人们良好的身心平衡,激发员工创造力、促进工作交流、增强员工归属感,从而为社会创造更大的财富。因此,办公空间的室内设计就显得更为重耍。2室内设计概述室内设计,也称室内环境设计,设计的主要内容为室内平面设计和空间组合,室内表面艺术处理,以及室内家具、灯具、陈设的选型和布置等。一般有平面图,平顶图,立而展开图,以及家具、灯具和节点详图等。可用线条图或彩色效果图n表示。"室内设计作为一门独立的专业,在世界范围内的真止确立是在20世纪60年代之后,现代主义建筑运动是室内设计专业诞生的直接动因,使室内设计在设计理念上也发生了巨大的变化一一现代主义建筑运动使室内从单纯的界面装饰走向空间的设计;从传统的二维空间模式设计转变为以创新的四维空间模式进行创作;其精髓在于室内空间总体艺术氛围的创造,这是室内设计的传统思维方式在观念上的根本转变。室内设计是一门综合性极强的交叉学科,是艺术与科学、形式与技术的统一。艺术与科学,作为人类认识世界和改造世界的两个最强有力的手段,同样体现于设计。可以说,设计的整个过程:就是把各种细微的外界事物和感受,组织成明确的概念和艺术形式,从而构筑起满足于人类情感和行为需求的物化世界。设计的全部实践活动的特点就是使知识和情感条理化,这种实践活动最终归结于艺术的形式美学系统与科学的理论系统。任何一类设计的成果都是艺术和科学的结晶,设计其实就是处于艺术与科学之间的边缘学科。在这里,艺术作为设计思维的源泉,体现于人的精神世界,主观的情感审美意识成为设计创造的原动力;科学作为设计过程的规范,体现于人的物质世界,客观的技术机能运用成为设计成功的保证。这一点在室内设计上体现得更为突出,现代室内设计涉及了建筑学、社会学、民俗学、审美心理学、人体工程学、结构工程学、建筑物理学以及建筑材料学等学科领域,它要求运用多学科知识,综合的进行多层次的空间环境设计,是一门具冇极强整合性的综合学科。室内设计作为一门独立的综合性学科,是在建筑内部空间的理性创造方法,是一种以科学为构造基础,以艺术为形式表现,为塑造一个精神空间与物质空间并重的室内生活环境而进行的理性创造活动,艺术的感性和科学的理性共同成为设计者无限创造的动力。室内设计作为设计的一个范畴,(完整译文请到百度文库)充分表现着设计的各个方面特点。设计表现的是在艺术的感受中寻求一种突破,一种与众不同,一种特有的状态,而这种状态与突破汇总起來也就是所谓的设计个性化。个性化的室内设计在现代办公空间屮体现的越为突出,甚至远远的超出了空间环境所担负的精神文化要求。它要求体现风格独特的企业文化、决策者的气度和风范、公司的集体形象、公司的历史发展茯至公司的产品特点形彖等等。室内设计屮的个性以“以人为本'为而提。这里的“以人为木'可以理解为室内设计中的某些共性要n求,制约设计某些方面个性发展的功能性因索,包括室内空间中的物理环境、生理环境、心理环境和视觉环境等因素。个性化办公空间室内设计应该以这些因素为基础。室内设计中的个性以“环境意识''为先导。在室内设计屮,“以人为本”的设计理念表现了人类对门身利益的直觉认识,体现的是人类中心主义的价值判断和价值取向,形成人统治自然的设计理论体系和方法论。但是,曲于人类容易受功利主义的支配,单纯地强调“以人为木二势必会以损害自然价值来实现改造自然的目的。室内设计的发展应该在统一的环境整体意识指导下发展,个性化的室内设计应该融合在整体环境屮,用人和自然和谐发展的整体观念构思和策划项目、进行设计。室内设计要以生态学思想和生态价值观为主要原则,要充分考虑人类人聚环境可持续发展的要求。3后工业社会办公空间的变化20世纪90年代以来,以信息和通信产业为代表的知识型产业成为世界经济的主要增长点,网络化、数字化和虚拟化成为新经济的主要特征。伴随着互联网技术的广泛应用、移动通信技术的普及发展,齐类电了办公产品的不断升级换代,使人类的办公效率在不断提高的基础上,开始向深度和广度拓展,办公自动化的程度继续加深,新型的办公模式也不断涌现出来。传输资料,以减少管线的配置。信息技术的发展带来了20世纪90年代办公建筑的“虚拟化”。随着移动电话、笔记本电脑、因特网和电子邮件的岀现,办公人员实际上变成了“自由行动者”(FootLoose)一一享有办公地点和时间的口由。信息技术同时也改变了关于工作与组织的概念。划分太细的办公空间布局方式不再适合于新的工作方法中强调团队精神的相互作用,因此有了创造更加开敞的工作区的趋势。-方面,信息技术使工作的范围不断打破空间的限制,覆盖到全世界的各个角落。全新的数字化办公模式和概念的出现,使企业开始把更多的资金投入计算机网络和相关技术,同时大幅度削减用于新建办公室的经费。许多大公司都开始实验新的办公模式。例如,“弹性吋间"(Flextime)或“交替办公^(Alternateoffice)在IBM公司得到实现。IBM公司为13000名销售、时常、技术和行政人员配备了电脑、打印机、传真机与调制解调器,便于每个人在办公室以外工作。另一方面,新的信息系统使发展改变了关于工作和组织的概念,使办公人员实际上变成了“自出行动者",他们享有办公地点和办公时间的自曲。个人的工作效率不断提高,单位时间内所创造的社会财富空前巨大。网络时代的到来使“SOHCT(Smalloffice,homeoffice)在世界范围内开始风行。SOHO缩小了办公室空间,完全消除了办公室与家庭的空间距离,克服了交通的繁忙、拥塞,同时能源的共用,降低了资源的消耗,良好地解决了与日俱增的人口爆炸与用地稀少的难题。SOHOn的工作方式使工作生活合而为一,以往令人生厌的许多工作在家庭的氛围中重新使人感到兴趣,SOHO的工作方式已成为未来的主流。查看更多