第二章室内设计与人体工程学

第二章室内设计与人体工程学

第二章室内设计与人体工程学Inthispaper,bycdled004contributionDocdocumentsmayhaveapoorbrowsingexperienceattheWAPend.ItisrecommendedthatyouchooseTXT,ordownloadthesourcefiletothenativeview.-22-"interiordesignprinciples"chapter2ThesecondchapterInteriordesignandergonomics(chapter9)(a)learninggoalsandrequirementsThroughthestudy,understendingoftheimportantroleofergonomicsininteriordesign,fullyunderstandtherelationshipbetweenhumanandenvironment,masterclassspecificplacesofhumanbodyengineeringapplication.(2)theconceptofergonomicsinthefirstsectionofthecourse:Thedevelopmentofhumanengineering;Theapplicationofergonomicsinthefieldofdesign.Thesecondsectionofhumanscaleandpsychologicalneedsandthephysicalcharacteristicsofthebodyininteriordesign:(1)perception;(2)movementcharacteristics:(3)internalcirculationcharacteristics・Humanmeasurementsandapplications:(1)methodsandprogramsforhumanmeasurement;(2)thehumanbodycommonlymeasuresthevalue;(3)theapplicationofthehumanbodymeasurementsInteriordesignandpeople，senvironmentalbehavior,theconceptofenvironmentalbehavior,thephysicalcharacteristicsandapplicationofpeopleintheenvironment,theperson，spsychologyandtheenvironment・Focusontheconceptofhumanbodyengineeringinsection1.Ilumanbodynengineeringintheactualapplication.Anthropometricmethodofthesecondquarter,thehumanbodymeasurementsintheactualapplication,environmentalpsychologyshouldbeusedinthepracticallife・Remember:themeaningofhumanbodyengineering;Thebasicdataofthehumanbody：Environmentalpsychology;Theconceptofenvironmentalbehavior・Memorization:ergonomicsinpractice;Theactualapplicationofmeasurementsofthehumanbody;Theapplicationofthehumanbodytotheunderstandingofengineeringinaparticularplaceofactivity：Theapplicationofenvironmentalpsychologyininteriordesign.Academictime:8hoursofstudytime-23-''interiordesignprinciples"chapter2ChapteriiinteriordesignandergonomicsErgonomicsisalsoknownasergonomics,anthropometryandergonomics・Infact,theirresearchisbasedonavarietyofdifferentenvironmentalandculturalcontexts・Humanbodyengineering,themainpeople-centric,humanintheprocessofwork,workandrest,intheprotectionofhuman,onthebasisofsafe,comfortable,efficient,improvethechamberinternalenvironmentspaceusefunctionandmentalqualityThefirstsectionofhumanbodyengineeringandinteriordesignConnecttheinteriordesignofhumanbodyengineering,themeaningis:accordingtothepeople-centered,theprincipleof"design"manand,usingtheanthropometric,physiologicalandpsychologicalmethodsofmeasuring,studythestructureofthehumanbodyfunction,psychologicalandreasonablecoordinationoftherelationshipbetweeninteriorspaceenvironment,createtheninteriorspaceforthepeopleactivities・Inbebeingdesignedindoors,tocreateavarietyofbeneficialtopeople，sphysicalandmentaihealthandcomfortableenvironment,mainlyUSESthescientificmethod,"abouthumanbodymeasureandhumanphysiologicalandpsychologicalneeds"includesthetwoaspects・Inaddition,thebody，sownspacecompositionofrelatedproblemsalsoappeared,theimportanceofso,beforestartingtheresearch,firsttodiscussthetopicofspacecomposition.Thecompositionofhumanbodyspacemainlyconsistsofthefollowingthreeaspects:one,volumeisthethree-dimensionalscopeofhumanactivity・Thisrangewillvaryaccordingtothenationalityofthestudysubjects,theareasoflife,andthepeople，sethnicgroupsandhabitsoftheindividua1.So,frequentlyusedinthedesignpracticeofthehumanbodyengineeringdataisaverage,inadditiontothedesignpersonneltoproviderelevantdeviation,allowancefordesignreference・Thepositionreferstotherelative''restingpoint"ofthehumanbodyintheinteriorspace・Individualsandgroupsintheactivitiesofthedifferentspace,alwaystendstoarelativelyspace"staticpoint",hesaid,spatiallocationandthepsychologicaldistancebetweenpeople,itmainlydependsonvisualsense・ItisalsodesignedtobeaflexibleindexbasedonthedifferentenvironmentalSpacesrequiredbypeople'slives,jobsandactivities・Thedirectionisthe"movement"inthespace・Thismovementisconditionedbyphysical,psychologicalandspatialenvironments・Thiskindofmovementembodiestheplanninganddemandofthefunctionofindoorspaceuse・Forexample,peoplehaveatendencytobephototropicinthedark,whileintherestroomthereisatendencytobebacklit・Section2humanscaleandpsychologicalneedandindoorspacenA,humanbodymeasureandindoorspaceWewillwithknowledgeofanatomy,surveying,physiologyandpsychologyastheresearchbasis,understandandmasterintheindoorenvironmentspace,humanactivityandthelimit,familiarwiththebasicdimensionsofhumanbodyfunctiontoaccommodate?Thebasicscaleofhumanbodyisoneofthemostbasicdataofhumanengineeringresearch・Itmainlybythebasicdimensionofhumanbodystructure(alsoknownasthehumanbodystructuresize,ismainlyreferstothestaticsizeofhumanbody.Suchas:height,sittingheight,shoulderwidth,hipwidth,armlength,etc.)asthebasis,isbystudyingthehumanbodyrespondstovariousphysicalandchemicalfactorsintheenvironmentandresilience,rawanalysisofenvironmentalfactors,psychologicalandtheinfluenceofworkingefficiencyoftheprogram,determinethepersoninthelife,productionandallkindsofenvironmentcomfortrangeandsafetylimit,thesystemdatacomparisonandanalysistheresultofreflection・Italsovariesgreatlybycountry,region,nationality,livinghabit(seetable)・TheaverageheightofJapanesemenis1651mm,us-24-"interiordesignprinciples"chapter2Theaverageheightofacitizenis1755mm,whiletheaverageBritishcitizenis1780mm・Indifferentpartsofthehumanbodyeachpartoftheaveragesize(mm)1basicmovement,thehumanbodyscaleBasicmovementsofthescaleofthehumanbody,itisofdynamicsizesinthehumanbodyisinmotion,becauseitsareindynamicmeasurement,beforethis,wecanstartwiththebasicmovementtrendanalysistothehumanbody.People'sworkposture,accordingtotheirworknatureandactivityrule,canbedividedintostandposture,chairpose,kneelposeandliedownpose・Standingposture:sitinchairposition:relyon,tallsitting,nshortsit,positionofposition,position,restpositionetc・Pose:sitcross-legged,squat,singlelegkneel,kneelontheknee,kneelsit,crawl,kneeltositandwait・Lyinginapose:lyingonyourstomach,lyingonyourside,lyingonyourback,etc・Althoughthemeasurementvalueisdifferentfromthepurposeoftheaction,themeasureofthefunctionisdifferent・But,whenpeopleindifferentgestures,alwaysshowedrelativestability,weareaccordingtothemeasurementandanalysisoftherelativestatic(seechart)・Thescaleofhumanactivityspacescaleistheinteriorspacescaleofadaptationbehavior,itisrelativeconcept,alsoisdynamicdimension.Forspacescaleisawholerange,itmainlyincludesthemeetpeopleunderthepremiseofunchangedinthespace,makeinvolvestheactivitiesoftheenvironmentalbehaviorofreasonableplanning,createdemandtomeettheneedsofpeoplephysiologyandbehaviorandthepsychologicaldemandspace.Accordingtothebehaviorofindoorenvironment,indoorspacecanbedividedintobigspace,mediumspaceandsmallspaceandsoondifferentactivityspacenorm・(1)largespacereferstothespaceofpublicbehavior,suchasgymnasium,businesshall,shoppingmall,etc・，itscharacteristiciseasytodealwiththeindividualInthisspaceforspatialrelationships,personalspaceisbasicequidistant,hasthecharacteristicsofscaleandopenspace.(2)thespacereferstothetransactionbehaviorinspace,suchasoffice,classroom,etc・，openspacewhichhaveillicitclosesexagain,onthepremiseoftomeetthepersonalspaceanddesignspaceofpublicaffairsbehavior(3)asmallspaceisthespaceofindividualbehavior,suchasbedroom,study,managei?soffice,etc・，withstrongprivacyandlittlespacefeatures,mainlytomeettheindividualbehaviorforthepurpose,etc・Theactivityofpersoninindoorspacenenvironmenthasgreaterflexibility・Therefore,intheplanninganddesignofindoorspaceform,peopleshouldbefullyconsideredinbehaviorinspace,spacescale,distribution,perceptualdemand,environment,aswe11astheresearchmaterialfactorssuchastechnicalrequirements・Second,thepsychologicaldemandandindoorspaceWhenpeopleinthecorrespondinginteriorspaceactivities,althoughtherearedifferencesbetweentheindividualpsychologicalandbehavior,butlookedfromthewholestillhaveincommon,thatiswewanttostudythepremiseandfoundation・1,thedomainsexandtheinterpersonaldistance:thedomainoriginallyreferstotheanimalintheenvironmenttoeatthefood,thereproductionrateofthewayofthebehavioroftheliving;Andtheareawe'retalkingabouttodayisexactlywherethepersonoccupiesacertainamountofspaceforsomekindofdemand・Thepossessoranddominationofthedomainspacearethedesiresandinstinctsoflife・Therefore,inthepersonalenvironmentlife,theproductionprocesshastheabilitytoprotectandpreventinterference・Therefore,indifferentactivities,thereisaphysicalandpsychologicalscopeandfieldthatmustbeinplace・Onthefieldofhumancharacteristics,inthefirstplaceinthefieldofpositiveeffectisthatinthefieldofrequirementsforitsownsecurity,andmakeselfexpressionhasthepossibility,makethespacecompositionformedacertainorder,andalsomakesthehumanconstructionactivities,inthedevelopmentofdynamictobalance;Secondnegativeeffectinthefieldofperformance,becausethehumanhasexpandedinthefieldofinstinct,thuscausesthecontradictionbetweentheexpansionofindividualdesiresandspatialbalance,thecomplicationofsocialrelations,thisiswhypeopleoftenmeetwithinlife・Disputesovertheuseofabuildinginanneighborhoodarecommon.Interpersonaldistancereferstothedistanceofspacebetweenpeopleintheirinteractions・Inindoorspaceapersonenvironmentoftenneedstocommunicatewithperson,contact,wanttomakethechoiceofinterpersonaldistance・Sofordifferentpeople,becauseofthat-25-interiordesignprinciples"chapter2Differentethnicgroups,religiousbeliefs,gender,career,andculturaldegreesarealldifferentfromeachother・Anthropologist,Edwardt・hallinanimals,onthebasisoftheresearchexperienceofenvironmentandbehaviordependingonthedegreeofcloserelationships,behaviorcharacteristicsdeterminetheinterpersonaldistance,isclassifiedas:closedistance;Individualdistance;Socialdistance・Publicdistance(seetablebelow)・在室内设计中以阅览室的座位为例，如果座位间距过于紧凑，以至出现以不亲密的形式进入他人亲密距离之内，则会造成个人的空间领域被侵犯，给他人的学习和心理带来压抑、不安人际距离与行为特征表名称间距表现亲密距离接近相(0—15cm)这是一种表达温柔、舒适、亲密以及激愤等强烈感情的距离，具有辐射热的感觉，这是在家庭居室和私密空间里会岀现这样的人际距离(0--45cm)远方相(15-45cm)可与对方接触握手个体距离(0.45—1.3m)接近相(0.45—0.75m)这是亲近朋友和家庭成员之间谈话的距离，仍可与对方接触，这是在家庭餐桌上的人际距离远方相(0.75-1.3m)可以清楚地看到细微表情的交谈社会距离(1.3—3.75m)接近相(1.3—2.10m)在社会交往中，同事、朋友、熟人、邻居等之间H常交谈的距离远方相（2.10-3.75m）交往不密切的距离，这在旅馆大堂休息处、小型会客室、洽谈室等处，会表现出这样的人际距离公众距离接近相3.75—7.50m）主要表现在自然语言的讲课，（单相交流的集会、演讲、正规而严肃地接待厅远方相（）7.50m）借助姿势和扩音n器的讲演，大型会议室等处，会表现出这样的人际距离（＞3.75m）注：接近相是指在范围内有近距趋势；Adistantphaseisarelativedistancetrend・ThesizeoftheinterpersonaldistanceisthemeasureofthescaleofinterpersonalinteractionindifferentSpaces・Alsobethesizeofthecommunicationspaceandfurnitureequipmentdecoratethedependence・Privacyandthetendencytoprivacyaretheneedforindividualsorgroupstocontrolthetime,meansanddegreeofinformationexchangedbetweenthemselvesandothers・Itwillbeintheformofsolitary,intimate,anonymousandreserved・Privacyisahumaninstinctthatpeoplecanexpressthemselvesintheirownspace・Atthesametime,theillicitclosesexisalsoformedinhumanrelationsinterpersonaldistance,i・e.,thepeopleorbetweenpeopleandgroupskeepspacedistance（orinformationrelationship,emotionaldistanee,etc・）・Forexample:theindividuaVsresidence,thebank，swithdrawthemoneytobedividedintoconsiderationandapplytotheperson，sprivatespaceconcept・Toprotectprivacy,peopletendtobeinthepublicspace・Theso-called"end,〃isaplacewherethereislesspeopleinspaceandacertainamountofsecurity,usuallyintheareaofthewall,theareaoftheside,etc・Whenyouvisit,eat,andworktochooseyourownposition,youwilloftenshowthatyoutendtodothesame・Forexample,theestablishmentofasimilarcarriageinthediningroomisdesignedtocreatemoreareasforthepublictomeettheneedforpsychologicalanduseinthepublicspace・Necessarydesigninformation:thesizeofhumanbodyengineeringreferencedesignessentialinformationSizeofhumanbodyengineeringreference,weight:1(male:female:68.968.9),height:2(male:female:173・5173・5)3,straighthiptotheheightofthehead:4(male:female:90.790.7),thewidthnbetweenthetwocubits:(male:female:41.941.9)5,elbowundertheheightofthesupport:(male:female:24.124.1)6,sittingposethighheight:7(male:female:14.514.5),sittingposetheheightofthekneetotheground:(male:female:54.454.4)8,sittinghiptothelengthofthelegs:(male:female:49.049.0)-26-interiordesignprinciples"chapter2(male:35.6female:36.3)1,themetopesize(1)skirtingboardheight;Dadohigh80-200(2):80-1500(3)picturerailheight:1600-1800(height)ofcenterdistanceofgroundhigh2,restauranttable(1):750-790(2)thehighchair:450-500(3)thediameteroftheroundtable,500,800,900forfour,fivepeoplesix1100-1250,1100,1300,eightpeople1500ten,twelve,1800(4)thetablesize:700x850,fourof1350x850,eight2250x850(5)thetablewheeldiameter:700-800(6)thetablespace(includingseatingfor500)shouldbegreaterthan500(7)mainwidth:1200-1300internalworkingchannelwidth:600-900highbarcounter(9):900-1050,500(10)widehighbarstool:3,600a750mallbusinesshall(1)singleside,doubleaislewidth:1600(2)thebilateraldoubleaislewidth:2000b订ateralthree(3)aislewidth:2300b订ateralaislewidthforfour(4):3000(5)scounteraislewidth:800(6)theassistantcounter:thick,600:800-1000(7)singlestandbackshelf:high:300-500,1800,2300(8)doublebackshelf;Thickness:600-800,high:600-2300(9)inasmallwindow:thickness:500-800,high:400-1200(10)displayplatformhigh:400-800(11)openshelves:400-600(12)radialvendingstand:diameterof2000(13)thecashier:length:1600,width:4,600hotelroomsstandardarea:(1):25squaremeters,in:16-18squaremetre,small:16squaremetersbed(2):400-450bedbackhigh:850-950n(3)theheadofabed,high500-700;Width:500-800(4)thedesk:1100-1500longwidehigh450-600700-750(5)theluggage:long910-1070500400(6)highwidechest:deepwidehigh800-12001600-800,500(7)sofa:width600a800highbackin350-400,1000(8)highhangers:1700-1900(1)5,toilettoiletarea:3-5squaremetre(2)bath:therearethreekindsoflengthto1220,1520,1680;720;450(3)sit:750x350(4)thesyringe:690x350(5)auwashbasin:550x410(6)highshower:2100(7)dresser:6,1350longand1350widespacetransportation-27-interiordesignprinciples"chapter2Restplatformisclear:(1)thestairisequaltoorgreaterthan2100(2)thestairsrunwayclearance:equaltoorgreaterthan2300(3)theguestroomcorridor:equaltoorgreaterthan2400(4)andthecomprehensivetypecorridorseatwidth:equaltoorgreaterthan2500(5)highstairarmrest:850-1100(6)commondimensions:wide:850-1000(7)Windowsarecommonlyused;Width400-1800)(notincludingmodularwindowsillheight800-12007,lampsandlanterns(1)bigdroplightminimumheight:2400highwalllamp(2):1500-1800(3)theminimumdiameterofreflectorlampchamfer:equaltoorgreaterthanthetubediameterdoublewallberthlamp(4):1200-1400(5)lightingswitchhigh:1000,8(1)thedesk,officefurniture:longwide1200-1600:500-650,700-700(2)officechair:400-450*450*450(3)longsofa:width600-800350-400,1000(4)theteatableontheback,fronttype:900*400*400(high)centertype:900*900*900,400*700*400;Leftandright:600x400by400(5)bookcase:high:1800,wide:1200-1500;Deep:450-500(6)bookshelf:1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,n1,1,12,measuringaround30kindsofrelationshipswiththeirfrequentsizesizeorbuildingindoorfurniture,anddrawfivekindsThreeviewdrawing,ratioof1:20.one