- 2022-08-24 发布 |
- 37.5 KB |
- 13页
申明敬告: 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性,不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。
文档介绍
统计学毕业外文翻译
本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译(附外文原文)学院:理学院课题名称:贵州省茅台酒股份有限公司盈利能力的综合分析专业(方向):统计学班级:统计11-2班学生:聂琪指导教师:蒋远营日期:2015年3月1日20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\n雅典证交所营运资金管理和上市公司盈利能力之间的关系摘要:在本文中我们调查营运资金管理与公司盈利能力的关系。我们以131家在雅典证券交易所(ASE)上市的公司在2001-2004年这一期间为一个示例。本文的目的是建立一种具有统计意义的在盈利能力,现金周转周期和在ASE的上市公司的其他组成部分之间的关系。我们的研究结果显示在盈利能力,通过净营业利润测算和现金周转周期三者之间具有统计意义。更多的管理者能够为他们的公司创造利润通过正确处理现金周转周期和保持每一个组成部分(应收账款,应付账款,存货)都处在最佳水平。引言假定公司是盈利的情况下,资本结构和营运资金管理是两个在学术上有很多重复地方的概念。营运资金管理已经有很多的方法。一些研究人员研究的是最佳存货管理带来的影响力,而另一些人则研究的是最适合应收账款管理的方法,从而导致利润最大化。根据戴鲁夫(003)的说法,营运资金管理在公司的盈利能力方面有重大影响。这个结果表明了要实现资金潜在的最大化返回就必须要有一个确定的营运资金需求。其他在营运资金管理领域的工作主要集中在例行雇用人员的公司。这些研究显示那些大公司关注更多的现金管理,更少的现金销售,更多的季节性问题和可能存在的更多现金流量问题。而小公司则更关注库存管理,少数有利可图的公司则更多的关注例行的信用管理。这说明了高发展的公司向它们的顾客跟随实施了一个更加勉强的信用政策,同时它们也以存货的形式捆绑住了更多的资金(资本)。与此同时应付账款会由于有更好的资源供应商以及拥有向它们的客户转移财务成本这个优点的金融机构而增加。根据威尔纳(2000)所说,尽管贸易信贷要花费明显的更大的成本,大部分公司还是广泛地使用贸易信贷,而且贸易信贷的增长率通常超过18%。另外,威尔纳说在1993年,美国的公司向它们的客户延长了1.5万亿美元的信用。同样的,戴鲁夫也发现通过比利时中央银行的统计,在1997年应付账款占它们总资产的13%,而应收账款和存货则分别占17%和10%。萨莫斯和威尔逊(2000)的报告中20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\n说,在英国,那些公司部门超过80%的日常业务交易使用信用条款。一个公司的现金周转周期和它的盈利能力之间有着强烈的关系。为了追求效益最大化和加快公司的发展,现金周转周期的三个不同组成部分(应付账款,应收账款,存货)能够以不同的方式管理。有时候贸易信贷是吸引新客户的一种手段,为了赢得新客户和增加更多的订单,许多公司正准备改变他们的标准信用条件。另外,信用可以刺激销售,因为它允许顾客在支付之前评估产品的质量。因此它取决于通过授信,独立公司能否在管理营运资金时沿用一种推销的方法。然而这样的公司它的财务部门将面临现金流和资金流动性问题自从资金分别被投资于顾客和存货。为了实现价值最大化,应收款和应货款以及存货之间必须维持平衡。根据派克和程(2001),信用管理寻求创建,保障,以实现一个高质量的应收账款投资组合。信用管理政策的选择和实践对企业价值有重要意义,因此许多大公司都用应收账款进行重大投资。成功的资金管理可以导致公司盈利,但是我们该如何度量费用绩效管理的成功,是由于一段时间的授信可能导致的销售收入和市场份额的增加,同时伴随着获利能力的减少或者相反的情况?既然营运资金管理是现金周转周期的最好描述,我们将试图在公司的盈利能力和现金周转周期之间建立一个链接。这个一次等式包含了营运资金管理的三个重要方面。它暗示如果一个公司停止它的经营它可以持续经营多久或者暗示着在物品采购和销售搜集存在着一个时间差。最佳存货水平对公司的盈利能力有直接的影响,因为它将放开营运资本资源,但是反过来为了回应更高的产品需求,它将投资商业周期或者增加存货水平。同样的,供应商方面的信用政策和给予消费者的信用有效期都将对公司的盈利能力有影响。为了理解营运资金管理现金周转周期的方式,它的组成部分将被进行统计分析。在这篇论文里,我们调查研究了雅典证券交易所的131家上市公司在2001—2004年里营运资金管理和公司盈利能力之间的关系。这篇论文的目的是建立起在雅典证交所的上市公司的盈利能力、现金周转周期和它的组成部分之间在统计上的显著差异。论文结构如下。在下个部分我们将介绍变量的使用和公司样本的选择。为了测试统计意义,统计描述的结果带有涉及盈利能力的回归模型(因变量)来针对包括现金周转周期部分的独立变量。最后,最后的部分是讨论这篇论文的调查结果和提出涉及有关营运资金管理政策和盈利能力之间的结论。数据收集和变量20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\n1、数据收集收集的数据来自雅典证券交易市场的上市公司。我们选择这一市场的原因,主要是由于财务报告的可靠性。在证券市场上市的公司对现在利润有一个刺激,如果那些存在,可以使得它们的股票更加地有吸引力。与上市公司相反,希腊的非上市公司在目前真正的业务结果上获得较少的鼓励,通常他们的财务报告不能反映实际运营和财务活动。隐藏利润以避免上交企业所得税是希腊非上市公司的一种惯用手法,但是这样使得他们剩下更少合适的样本来分析其中一个可以基于财务数据的营运资金实践作出的推论。为了这个研究的目的,某些行业由于他们的活动类型被省略。我们跟随NACE(欧洲共同体经济活动的分类)的行业分类,那些来自电力和水,银行和金融机构,保险机构,出租和其他服务公司已被省略。原始的样本由大约300家公司组成,而现在将范围缩小至131家公司。我们获得的完整数据的最近的期间是2001至2004年。一些公司没有包括在这些数据中是由于缺乏某些时期的信息。最后,财务报表从ICAPSA(国际资本)数据库中获得。我们的分析使用了2001年至2004年期间堆积的数据,致使出现了524条总意见。2、变量正如较早时在介绍中提到的,现金转换周期是用来衡量盈利能力的一项指标。这项指标被描述成以下方程:现金转换周期=应收账款周转天数+存货周转天数一应付账款周转天数(1)反过来现金转换周期的各个组成部分也可以被表示成:应收账款周转天数=平均应收账款/销售收入*365(2)存货周转天数=存货/销货成本*365(3)应付账款周转天数=平均应付账款/销货成本*365(4)为模型规格选择的另一个变量是通过销售的自然对数来衡量公司的大小。股票和其他公司参股被认为是公司的固定金融资产。我们用与金融资产相关的以下变量i:固定金融资产比率=固定金融资产/总资产(5)使用此变量是因为许多上市公司的金融资产占其总资产的重要部分。这个变量将稍后使用为了获得一间参与公司对其他公司的关系如何,如何影响它的盈利20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\n能力的指示。另一个变量的使用是为了后面的回归分析,包括通过以下方程式计算的金融负债指标:金融负债比率=(短期贷款+长期贷款)/总资产(6)这个指标的使用是为了确立公司的外部融资和其总资产之间的关系。最后使用的相关变量是毛营业利润。为了获得此变量,我们从销售总额中减去销货成本,从总资产中减去金融资产来划分结果。毛营业利润=(销售收入一销货成本)/(总资产一金融资产)(7)使用这个变量的原因是代替支付利息、税收、折旧、摊销前的收益或税前或税后的利润,因为我们试图用一个营业比率关联经营‘成功’或‘失败’,并将这个变量和其他经营变量相关联。而且我们将可能会影响公司整体盈利能力的经营活动中排除任何金融活动的参与,因此要从总资产中减去金融资产。回归分析到目前为止我们建立了文学和数据的框架以调查营运资金管理对公司盈利能力的影响。为了摆脱更多的发现营运资金管理和公司盈利能力的关系,我们使用回归分析。在以下建议模型中我们检查与盈利能力(衡量通过经营活动的盈利能力在第二部分变量的第7个方程中提到)相对的六外源变量和行业虚拟变量的内生变量。独立变量是固定金融资产(通过方程5衡量),销售自然对数,金融负债比率(通过方程6衡量)和现金转换周期。我们在前面的模型中包括了根据NACE编码的行业虚拟变量。但是,为了有最低限度的自由度,我们使用NACE分类的一般部门来代替更详细的四位代码(四位代码有77种不同类别)。因此,NACE的部门总数是九,导致有八个行业虚拟变量(按顺序不属于虚拟变量陷阱,而是完全共线性或线性重合的情况)。结论这篇论文增加了例如斯津和索恩(1998)发现在1974—1994年这段时间美国的上市公司在现金周转周期和公司的盈利能力之间存在着强烈的否定关系;戴鲁夫(2003)发现1992—1996年间,比利时的上市公司在盈利能力,应收账款天数,存货和应付账款之间存在着强烈的消极否定的关系。到目前为止,我们观察到用营运资金管理效用测算的在获利能力(通过营业毛利测算)和现金周转周期之间存在着否定关系。因此说明经营获利状况支配着20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\n管理者或业主将如何在公司的营运资金管理中起作用。我们观察到低经营毛利与增长的应付账款天数有关。上述可以推出结论:盈利少的公司将等待更长的时间来利用资源供应商给的信用有效期限支付货款。应收账款和公司的盈利能力之间的否定关系表明了盈利少的公司为了减少它们的现金缺口在现金转换周期内将减少他们的应收账款。同样的,存货销售天数和公司盈利能力之间的否定关系也表明了要是销售量突然下降,随着存货的管理不善在经营利润费用上将导致资金的捆绑过剩。因此管理者能够为他们的公司创造利润通过正确地管理现金周转周期和保持公司每一个组成部分(应收账款,应付账款,存货)处于最佳水平。出处:[希]阿马纳蒂迪斯.拉扎里迪斯&迪米特里奥斯,《雅典证交所营运资金管理和上市公司盈利能力之间的关系》,财务管理与分析,第19卷(4),2006(1)20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\n译文:TherelationshipbetweenworkingcapitalmanagementandprofitabilityoflistedcompaniesintheAthensStockExchangeAbstract:Inthispaperweinvestigatetherelationshipofcorporateprofitabilityandworkingcapitalmanagement.Weusedasampleof131companieslistedintheAthensStockExchange(ASE)fortheperiodof2001-2004.Thepurposeofthispaperistoestablisharelationshipthatisstatisticalsignificantbetweenprofitability,thecashconversioncycleanditscomponentsforlistedfirmsintheASE.Theresultsofourresearchshowedthatthereisstatisticalsignificancebetweenprofitability,measuredthroughgrossoperatingprofit,andthecashconversioncycle.Moreovermanagerscancreateprofitsfortheircompaniesbyhandlingcorrectlythecashconversioncycleandkeepingeachdifferentcomponent(accountsreceivables,accountspayables,inventory)toanoptimumlevelIntroductionCapitalstructureandworkingcapitalmanagementaretwoareaswidelyrevisitedbyacademiainordertopostulatefirms’profitability.Workingcapitalmanagementhasbeenapproachedinnumerousways.Otherresearchersstudiedtheimpactofoptimuminventorymanagementwhileotherauthorsstudiedthemanagementofaccountsreceivablesinanoptimumwaythatleadstoprofitmaximization.AccordingtoDeloof(2003)thewaythatworkingcapitalismanagedhasasignificantimpactonprofitabilityoffirms.Thisresultindicatesthatthereisacertainlevelofworkingcapitalrequirementswhichpotentiallymaximizesreturns.Otherworkonthefieldofworkingcapitalmanagementfocusesontheroutinesemployedbyfirms.Thisresearchshowedthatfirmswhichfocusoncashmanagementwerelarger,withfewercashsales,moreseasonalityandpossiblymorecashflowproblems.Whilesmallerfirmsfocusedmoreonstockmanagementandlessprofitablefirmswerefocusedoncreditmanagementroutines.Itissuggestedthathighgrowth20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\nfirmsfollowamorereluctantcreditpolicytowardstheircustomers,whiletheytieupmorecapitalintheformofinventory.Meanwhileaccountspayableswillincreaseduetobetterrelationsofsupplierswithfinancialinstitutionswhichdivertthisadvantageoffinancialcosttotheirclients.AccordingtoWilner(2000)mostfirmsextensivelyusetradecreditdespiteitsapparentgreatercost,andtradecreditinterestratescommonlyexceed18percent.Inadditiontothathestatesthatin1993Americanfirmsextendedtheircredittowardscustomersby1.5trilliondollars.SimilarlyDeloof(2003)foundoutthroughstatisticsfromtheNationalBankofBelgiumthatin1997accountspayablewere13%oftheirtotalassetswhileaccountsreceivablesandinventoryaccountedfor17%and10%respectively.SummersandWilson(2000)reportthatintheUKcorporatesectormorethan80%ofdailybusinesstransactionsareoncreditterms.Thereseemstobeastrongrelationbetweenthecashconversioncycleofafirmanditsprofitability.Thethreedifferentcomponentsofcashconversioncycle(accountspayables,accountsreceivablesandinventory)canbemanagedindifferentwaysinordertomaximizeprofitabilityortoenhancethegrowthofacompany.Sometimestradecreditisavehicletoattractnewcustomers.Manyfirmsarepreparedtochangetheirstandardcredittermsinordertowinnewcustomersandtogainlargeorders.Inadditiontothatcreditcanstimulatesalesbecauseitallowscustomerstoassessproductqualitybeforepaying.Thereforeitisuptotheindividualcompanywhethera‘marketing’approachshouldbefollowedwhenmanagingtheworkingcapitalthroughcreditextension.Howeverthefinancialdepartmentofsuchacompanywillfacecashflowandliquidityproblemssincecapitalwillbeinvestedincustomersandinventoryrespectively.Inordertohavemaximumvalue,equilibriumshouldbemaintainedinreceivables-payablesandinventory.AccordingtoPike&Cheng(2001)creditmanagementseekstocreate,safeguardandrealizeaportfolioofhighqualityaccountsreceivable.Giventhesignificantinvestmentinaccountsreceivablebymostlargefirms,creditmanagementpolicychoicesandpracticescouldhaveimportantimplicationsforcorporatevalue.Successfulmanagementofresourceswillleadtocorporateprofitability,buthowcanwe20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\nmeasuremanagementsuccesssinceaperiodof‘creditgranting’mightleadtoincreasedsalesandmarketsharewhilstaccompaniedbydecreasedprofitabilityortheopposite?Sinceworkingcapitalmanagementisbestdescribedbythecashconversioncyclewewilltrytoestablishalinkbetweenprofitabilityandmanagementofthecashconversioncycle.Thissimpleequationencompassesallthreeveryimportantaspectsofworkingcapitalmanagement.Itisanindicationofhowlongafirmcancarryonifitwastostopitsoperationoritindicatesthetimegapbetweenpurchaseofgoodsandcollectionofsales.Theoptimumlevelofinventorieswillhaveadirecteffectonprofitabilitysinceitwillreleaseworkingcapitalresourceswhichinturnwillbeinvestedinthebusinesscycle,orwillincreaseinventorylevelsinordertorespondtohigherproductdemand.Similarlybothcreditpolicyfromsuppliersandcreditperiodgrantedtocustomerswillhaveanimpactonprofitability.Inordertounderstandthewayworkingcapitalismanagedcashconversioncycleanditscomponentswillbestatisticallyanalyzed.Inthispaperweinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenworkingcapitalmanagementandfirms,profitabilityfor131listedcompaniesintheAthensStockExchangefortheperiod2001-2004.Thepurposeofthispaperistoestablisharelationshipthatisstatisticalsignificantbetweenprofitability,thecashconversioncycleanditscomponentsforlistedfirmsintheASE(AthensStockExchange).Thepaperisstructuredasfollows.Inthenextsectionwepresentthevariablesusedaswellasthechosensampleoffirms.Resultsofthedescriptivestatisticsaccompaniedwithregressionmodelingrelatingprofitability(thedependentvariable)againstotherindependentvariablesincludingcomponentsofthecashconversioncycle,inordertoteststatisticalsignificance.Finallythelastsectiondiscussesthefindingsofthispaperandcomesupwithconclusionsrelatedwithworkingcapitalmanagementpoliciesandprofitability.DataCollectionandVariables(i)DataCollectionThedatacollectedwerefromlistedfirmsintheAthensStockExchangeMarket.Thereasonwechosethismarketisprimarilyduetothereliabilityofthefinancialstatements.Companieslistedinthestockmarkethaveanincentivetopresentprofitsifthoseexistinordertomaketheirsharesmoreattractive.Contrarytolistedfirms,20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\nnonlistedfirmsinGreecehavelessofanincentivetopresenttrueoperationalresultsandusuallytheirfinancialstatementsdonotreflectrealoperationalandfinancialactivity.HidingprofitsinordertoavoidcorporatetaxisacommontacticfornonlistedfirmsinGreecewhichmakesthemlessofasuitablesampleforanalysiswhereonecandrawinference,basedonfinancialdata,forworkingcapitalpractices.Forthepurposeofthisresearchcertainindustrieshavebeenomittedduetotheirtypeofactivity.WefollowedtheclassificationofNACE(ClassificationofEconomicActivitiesintheEuropeanCommunity)industriesfromwhichelectricityandwater,bankingandfinancialinstitutions,insurance,rentalandotherservicesfirmshavebeenomitted.Theoriginalsampleconsistedofabout300firmswhichnarroweddownto131companies.Themostrecentperiodforwhichwehadcompletedatawas2001-2004.Someofthefirmswerenotincludedinthedataduetolackofinformationforthecertainperiod.FinallythefinancialstatementswereobtainedfromtheICAPSA(InternationalCapitalSA)database.Ouranalysisusesstackeddatafortheperiod2001-2004whichresultsto524totalobservations.(i)VariablesAsmentionedearlierintheintroductionthecashconversioncycleisusedasameasureinordertogaugeprofitability.Thismeasureisdescribedbythefollowingequation:CashConversionCycle=NoofDaysA/R(AccountsReceivables)+NoofDaysInventory-NoofDaysA/P(AccountsPayables)(1)Inturnthecomponentsofcashconversioncyclearegivenbelow:NoofDaysA/R=AccountsReceivables/Sales*365(2)NoofDaysInventory=Inventory/CostofGoodsSold*365(3)NoofDaysA/P=AccountsPayables/CostofGoodsSold*365(4)Anothervariablechosenforthemodelspecificationisthatofcompanysizemeasuredthroughthenaturallogarithmofsales.Sharesandparticipationtootherfirmareconsideredasfixedfinancialassets.ThevariableIweusewhichisrelatedtofinancialassetsisthefollowing:20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\nFixedFinancialAssetsRatio=FixedFinancialAssets/TotalAssets(5)Thisvariableisusedsinceformanylistedcompaniesfinancialassetscompriseasignificantpartoftheirtotalassets.Thisvariablewillbeusedlateroninordertoobtainanindicationhowtherelationshipandparticipationofonefirmtoothersaffectsitsprofitability.Anothervariableusedinordertoperformregressionanalysislateron,includesfinancialdebtmeasuredthroughthefollowingequation:FinancialDebtRatio=(ShortTermLoans+LongTermLoans)/TotalAssets(6)Thisisusedinordertoestablishrelationbetweentheexternalfinancingofthefirmanditstotalassets.Finallythedependentvariableusedisthatofgrossoperatingprofit.Inordertoobtainthisvariablewesubtractcostofgoodssoldfromtotalsalesanddividetheresultwithtotalassetsminusfinancialassets.GrossOperatingProfit=(Sales-COGS)/(TotalAssets-FinancialAssets(7)Thereasonforusingthisvariableinsteadofearningsbeforeinteresttaxdepreciationamortization(EBITDA)orprofitsbeforeoraftertaxesisbecausewewanttoassociateoperating‘success’or‘failure’withanoperatingratioandrelatethisvariablewithotheroperatingvariables(i.ecashconversioncycle).Moreoverwewanttoexcludetheparticipationofanyfinancialactivityfromoperationalactivitythatmightaffectoverallprofitability,thusfinancialassetsaresubtractedfromtotalassets.RegressionAnalysisSofarweestablishedaframeworkofliteratureanddataanalysisinordertoinvestigatetheimpactofworkingcapitalmanagementonprofitability.Inordertoshedmorelightontherelationshipofworkingcapitalmanagementonfirms’profitabilityweuseregressionanalysis.Inthefollowingproposedmodelsweexaminetheendogenousvariablewhichisprofitability(measuredthroughoperationalprofitabilityasmentionedinsection2(ii)byequation(7))againstsixexogenousvariablesandindustrydummyvariables.Theindependentvariablesarefixedfinancialassets(measuredbyequation(5)),thenaturallogarithmofsales,financialdebtratio(measuredthroughequation(6))andcashconversioncycle.WeincludedintheprecedingmodelsindustrydummyvariablesaccordingtoNACEcoding.However,inordertohavetheminimumdegrees20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\noffreedomnecessaryweusedgeneralsectorsofNACEcategoriesinsteadofhavingamoredetailed4digitcodes(the4digitcodinggave77differentcategories).HencethetotalnumberofNACEsectorswasnine,whichresultedtoeightindustrydummyvariables(inordernottofalltowhatiscalledthedummyvariabletrap,whichisthesituationofperfectcollinearityormulticollinearity).ConclusionThispaperaddstoexistingliteraturesuchasShinandSoenen(1998)whofoundastrongnegativerelationshipbetweenthecashconversioncycleandcorporateprofitabilityforlistedAmericanfirmsforthe1975-1994periodandDeloof(2003)whofoundnegativerelationshipbetweenprofitabilityandnumberofdaysaccountsreceivable,inventoriesandaccountspayableofBelgianfirmsfortheperiod1992-1996.Sofarweobservedanegativerelationshipbetweenprofitability(measuredthroughgrossoperatingprofit)andthecashconversioncyclewhichwasusedasameasureofworkingcapitalmanagementefficacy.Thereforeitseemsthatoperationalprofitabilitydictateshowmanagersorownerswillactintermsofmanagingtheworkingcapitalofthefirm.Weobservedthatlowergrossoperatingprofitisassociatedwithanincreaseinthenumberdaysofaccountspayables.Theabovecouldleadtotheconclusionthatlessprofitablefirmswaitlongertopaytheirbillstakingadvantageofcreditperiodgrantedbytheirsuppliers.Thenegativerelationshipbetweenaccountsreceivablesandfirms’profitabilitysuggeststhatlessprofitablefirmswillpursueadecreaseoftheiraccountsreceivablesinanattempttoreducetheircashgapinthecashconversioncycle.Likewisethenegativerelationshipbetweennumberofdaysininventoryandcorporateprofitabilitysuggeststhatinthecaseofasuddendropinsalesaccompaniedwithamismanagementofinventorywillleadtotyingupexcesscapitalattheexpenseofprofitableoperations.Thereforemanagerscancreateprofitsfortheircompaniesbyhandlingcorrectlythecashconversioncycleandkeepingeachdifferentcomponent(accountsreceivables,accountspayables,20currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender\nSource:IoannisLazaridisandDimitriosTryfonidis,2006“TherelationshipbetweenworkingcapitalmanagementandprofitabilityoflistedcompaniesintheAthensStockExchange”.JournalofFinancialManagementandAnalysis,vol.19,no.l,January-June.pp.150-15920currencydeposit,weprescribeapassonaregularbasis,qilucardaccountonaregularbasis),certificatebondsandsavingsbonds(electronic);3.notdrawnonabanksavingscertificate,certificatebondsapplyformortgageloans,acceptingonlythelender查看更多