11春语言学备考宝典

11春语言学备考宝典

ExamPreparationFocus(May,2011)PartI:Generalinformation:Thisexaminationconsistsoftwosections.Theyare:SectionI:UnderstandingandApplicationofLinguisticTheories(50points,60minutes)SectionII:AnalysisandApplication(50points,60minutes)PartII:SectionI(5items,10pointsforeach)1.Namethefourmajorstepswherespeakingandlisteningareconcernedinface-to-facecommunication.BrieflystatewhathappensduringONEofthesesteps.Hint:(P48-49,Task1,Activity1,Unit2)4majorsteps:Step1:HituponanideaStep2:ArticulatetheideaStep3:LoadedsoundstravelbyairStep4:Getthemessage(Eachstepshouldbeexplainedinmoredetails.)2.Howcanwedistinguishbetweenanicon,asign,andaword?Hint:(P85&87,Task1&2,Activity1,Unit3)Aniconisrelatedtothethingitstandsforby…Asignisrelatedtothethingitstandsforby…Awordisrelatedtothethingitstandsforby….Aworddoesn’thaveto…andhasno...3.NamefiveofthesixlayersoflanguageanalysisoutlinedinUnit3TheSymbolicNatureofLanguage.Hint:(P113-114,Task3,Activity3,Unit3)4.Whatisthedifferencebetweennamingandcategorizing?Giveexamples.Hint:(P122-123,Task1,Activity1,Unit4)Whenwename,wedefine…,forexample….Whenwecategorize,wegive…,forexample….5.Whatarethethreeworldsinwhichallpeoplelive,thinkandfeel?Giveanexampleofeitheranobjectoraconceptthatexistsineachworld.\nHint:(P89-90,Task4,Activity1,Unit3)Thefirstworldis…,inwhichwe...Thesecondworldis…,inwhichwe...Thethirdworldis…,inwhich…1.Namefiveofthesixmaximsofpoliteness.Hint:(P235,Task3,Activity3,Unit6)2.Whatarethenecessaryconditionsforchildlanguageacquisition?Hint:(P336-338,Task1&2,Activity2,Unit9)Forachildtoacquirehis/hermothertongue,thechildmustbebornwith…andmustbe…(fromage2topuberty).Meanwhile,thechild’sacquisitionoflanguagealsobuilds...Therefore,conditionsforchildlanguageacquisitioninclude...3.Useoneexampletoillustratethedifferencebetweensyntagmaticandparadigmaticrelationsamongwords.Hint:(P108-111,Task1&2,Activity13,Unit3)Syntagmaticrelationsreferto...Forexample,inthesentence…,whenweexaminetherelationshipbetween…,wearelookingatthesyntagmaticrelation;butwhenweconsider…,wearelookingat….PartIII:SectionII:AnalysisandApplication(2items,25pointsforeach)1.Readthefollowingconversationandidentifyoneapologycontainedinit.Analyzetheapologyaccordingtothediagramwhichhasbeenprovided,andpointoutfromwhichperspectivetheapologizermakestheapology.[HarryhasadatewithSusanbuthasdifficultyfindingherplace.Finallyhegetstoherapartmentandknocksatherdoor.Susanopensthedoor.]Susan:Hello,Harry.It’snicetomeetyou.Harry:Nicetomeetyou,Susan.[Hegiveshertheflowers.]SorryI’mlate.Thetraffic.Theparking.Iwaslost.Susan:Whatprettyflowers.Thankyou.Oh,pleasecomein.Don’tworryaboutbeinglate.It’sfine.Excusethemess.Ijustmovedhere.Oh,I’dlikeyoutomeetmysister-in-lawMarilyn.MarilynStewart,thisisHarryBennett.Harry:Pleasedtomeetyou.Marilyn:Nicetomeetyou,Harry.Victim:Apologizer:\nABCDFollow-upevents:Accept:Verbal:Mental:Apology:Verbal:Mental:Cause:Apologyone:Apologizer:HarryABApology:Verbal:“Sorry,I’mlate.”Insayingthis,Harryperformedanillocutionaryactofapologizing.Harryfurtherexplainswhyheislate.Hesays,“Thetraffic.Theparking.Iwaslost.”Heapologizesfromthecauseperspective.Mental:Harrysincerelyfeelssorryforbeinglatefortheappointment.Cause:HarryarriveslatetoSusan’sapartment.Victim:SusanCDFollow-upevents:SusangetsonwithHarryasifnothinghashappened.Sheintroduceshimtohersister-in-law.Accept:Verbal:“Don’tworryaboutbeinglate.It’sfine.”Insayingthis,SusanacceptsHarry’sapology.Mental:Susandoesn’tfeelhurtanymoreandforgivesHarry.\nApologytwo:Apologizer:SusanABApology:Verbal:“Excusethemess.”Insayingthis,Susanperformedanillocutionaryactofapologizing.Susanfurtherexplainswhyherapartmentismessy.Shesays,“Ijustmovedhere.”Sheapologizesfromthecauseperspective.Mental:Susanreallyfeelssorryforwelcomingherguestinsuchamessyplace.Cause:Susan’sapartmentisnotinorder.Victim:HarryCDFollow-upevents:HarrygetsonwithSusanasifnothinghashappened.HegreetsSusan’ssister-in-lawafterbeingintroducedtoher.Accept:Verbal:Noverbalresponsethistime.Mental:Harrydidn’tmindtheapartmentbeingmessy.2.AnalyzethefollowingdialogueaccordingtowhatyouhavelearnedinUnit5aboutdoingthingswithlanguageineverydaysituations.Bill:I’mreallysorryIdidn’trepaythe$100Iborrowedfromyoulastmonth.Tom:Oh,don’tworryaboutit,Iwon$250lastSaturdayattheracetrack.Bill:ButIfeelawfulaboutnotrepayingyousooner,friendsdon’tactlike\nthat.Tom:It’snotimportant.We’vebeenfriendsforsixyearsandwillbeforever.Bill:Areyousure?Tom:Yes,comeoninsideandhaveabeer!3.Pleaseanalyzethefollowingtriadicrelations:Step1:Identifythemissingelementsineachdiagramandcompleteit.Step2:Brieflyexplaintherelationsbetweentheelementsineachdiagram.Note:anexampleofanalysisisgivenbelow.Example:MindBus-------------------TheactualpictureofabusinthematerialworldAnalysis:Thisdiagramrepresentsthe‘materialworld’whichisinterpretedbythemindasanactualphysicalobject(pictureofabus).Pleaseanalyzethefollowingtwodiagramsasrequired.Diagram1Hate----------Diagram2God---------