常用语言学术语

常用语言学术语

常用语言学词汇表abbreviation缩写法acculturation语言文化移入acousticphonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词addressterm称谓语addresser发话人addressee受话人adjacency毗邻AdjacencyCondition毗邻条件AdjacencyParameter毗邻参数Affix词缀Affixation加词缀法Affricate塞擦音Afroasiatic非亚语系agreementrule一致关系规则allophone音位变体alveolar齿龈音alveolus齿龈angulargyrus角形脑回antonymy反义现象antonym反以词apocope词尾音脱落aphasia失语症aphasic失语症患者appliedlinguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性argument论元articulatoryphonetics发音语音学articulatoryvariable发音变项aspiration送气assimilation同化approximation近似化auditoryphonetics听觉语音学Austronesian…语系Babbling咿呀学语back-formation逆向构词法backvowel后元音Behaviorism行为主义Behavioristlearningtheory行为主义学习理论BehavioristPsychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音Bilingualism双语现象10\nBlackEnglish黑人英语Blending混合法Borrowing借用boundmorpheme黏着语素brainlateralization大脑左右半球侧化branchingnode分叉点broadtranscription宽式音标Broca’sarea布罗卡区caretakerspeech保姆语case格CaseCondition格条件casemarking格标志causativeverb使役动词centralvowel中元音cerebralcortex大脑皮层cerebralplasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classicallanguage古典语言clipping略写法closedclassword封闭类词code代码code-switching代码切换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词colorword色彩词combinationalrule组合规则commissives承诺类词communicativecompetence交际能力comparativereconstruction比较重建法competence语言能力complement补语complementconstruction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementarydistribution互补分布complexsentence复合句componentialanalysis成分分析法componentsofmeaning意义成分compoundword复合词compounding复合法computationallinguistics计算语言学concept概念conceptualistview意念观consonant辅音10\nconstituent成分constituentstructure成分结构constraint制约construction结构contentword实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论ContrastiveAnalysis对比分析法conversationalimplicature会话含义co-operativeprinciple合作原则coordinatesentence并列句creativity创造性criticalperiod关键期;临界期culturaltransmission文化传播declaration宣告类deepstructure深层结构dental齿音derivation派生法derivationalmorpheme派生语素derivative派生词descriptivelinguistics描写语言学designfeature识别特征determiner限定词diachroniclinguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectalsynonym方言同义词dichoticlisteningtest两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音DirectionaliltyParameter方位参数Directives指令类Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctivefeature区别性特征D-structure深层结构dualityofstructure结构二重性edoublearticulation结构二重性embeddedclause嵌入句emotivemeaning表情意义entailment含义entity实体epenthesis插入音ErrorAnalysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语10\nevaluativemeaning评价意义expressives表达类factivepredicate叙述性谓词familytree谱系树featuresymbol特征标记featuresofmeaning意义特征finiteclause限定小句finiteverb限定动词formalize形式化fossilization语言僵化framework框架freemorpheme自由语素fricative擦音frontvowel前元音functionword虚词functionalshift功能性转换functorelement起功能作用成分gender性GenerativeGrammar生成语法GenerativeSemantics生成语义学geneticpredisposition基因先天条件geneticrelationship亲缘关系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis声门gradableantonym/opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammaticalmeaning语法意义GreatVowelShift元音大变位hardpalate硬腭head中心词，核心词hemisphericdominanceforlanguage大脑半球的语言优势hierarchicalstructure层次结构highvariety高层次变体historicalcomparativelinguistics历史比较语言学historicallinguistics历史语言学holophrasticsentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词idiolect个人语言特点illocutionaryact言外形为10\ninconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印欧语系infinitivemarker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectionalmorpheme曲折语素input输入instrumentalmotivation工具性学习动机intake接受integrativemotivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage中介语，语际语internalize内在化InternationalPhoneticAlphabet国际音标interpersonalcommunication人际交际intonation语调intuition直觉labeled(unlabeled)treediagram加标记树形图labial唇音LAD语言习得机制LanguageAcquisitionDevicelanguageacquisition语言习得languagebehavior语言行为languagecenter语言中枢languagefaculty语言机制languagefamily语系languageperception语言感知languageplanning语言规划languagevariation语言变异larynx喉laxvowel松元音level层；平面leveloflanguage语言层次lexicalcategory词类lexicalstructure词汇结构lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇linearstructure线性结构linguisticcompetence语言能力linguisticdeterminism语言决定论linguisticlateralization语言侧化linguisticperformance语言运用linguisticrelativism语言相对论linguisticrepertoire全部语言知识linguistictaboo禁忌语linguistics语言学10\nliquid流音loanword外来词localization定位locutionaryact言内行为lowvariety低层次语言变体mannerofarticulation发音方法matrixclause主句maximofmanner方式准则maximofquality质量准则maximofquantity数量准则maximofrelation关联准则meaning意义meaningfulness有意义meaningrelation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistictheory精神论message信息metathesis语音变位MiddleEnglish中世纪英语minimalpair最小对立对ModernEnglish现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素morphlogicalrule形态学规则morphology形态学mothertongue母语Moveα移动α规则movementrule移位规则namingtheory命名论narrowtranscription严式音标narrowingofmeaning词义缩小nasalcavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化naturalrouteofdevelopment自然发展轨道negator否定词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-placepredication空位述谓结构object宾语OldEnglish古英语one-placepredication一位述谓结构optimumage最佳学习年龄oralcavity口腔10\noverextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度overtthought有声思维palatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performanceerror语言运用错误perlocutionaryact言后行为pharyngealcavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemiccontrast音位对立phoneticfeature语音特征phonetics语音学phonologicalrule音位规则phonology音位学phrasalcategory词组类phrasestructurerule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语placeofarticulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓结构predicationanalysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀presprictive(grammar)规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositionalcontent命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期qualifyingpredication修饰性述谓结构ReceivedPronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性Reference所指语义referringexpression所指名词register语域10\nrelationalopposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类response反应retroflex卷舌音rewriterule重写规则roundedvowel圆唇元音SAE标准美国英语Sapir-Whorfhypothesis萨皮尔-沃尔夫假设secondlanguageacquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semanticanomaly语义异体semanticdeviation语义变异semanticbroadening语义广义化semanticnarrowing语义狭义化semanticshift语义演变semantics语义学semanticstructure语义结构semantictriangle语义三角sense意义sequentialrule序列规则setting背景；环境sexistlanguage性别歧视语sibilant咝音simplesentence简单句Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系situationaldialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguistics社会语言学softpalate软腭species-specificcapacity物种特有能力specifier指示语spectrograph频谱仪speechact言语行为speechcommunity言语社区speechvariety言语变体S-structure表层结构standardlanguage标准语stem词干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structuralconstituency结构成分性structurallinguistics结构主义语言学10\nsubject主语subordinatepredication主从述谓性结构subscript下标subvocalpredication无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmentalfeature超切分特征surfacestructure表层结构synchroniclinguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntacticambiguity句法歧义syntacticcategory句法类型syntacticrule句法规则syntax句法tabooword禁忌词targetlanguage目标语tautology同义反复teethridge齿龈隆骨telegraphicspeech电报式言语tenseandaspect时和体tensevowel紧元音tone音调；声调tonelanguage声调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移Transformational-GenerativeGrammar转换生成语法transformationalrule转换规则treediagram树形图two-placepredication双位述谓结构unaspirated不送气underextension扩展不足UniversalGrammar普遍语法Utterance话语utterancemeaning话语意义uvula小舌validity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocalcord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不带音的，清音的voicing带音化，浊音化10\nvowel元音Wernicke’sarea韦尼克区wideningofmeaning词义扩大X-bartheoryX标杆理论10