经济学原理一

经济学原理一

經濟學原理一期末考試題(A)6/17/2003學生姓名學生學號一、單選題(45分)1.Anaturalmonopolyisadesirablemarketstructurebecause:(a)Whenunregulated,itoffersafirmahigherprofitmarginwhichcreatesjobsfortheeconomy.(b)Whenregulated,itcanbeforcedtoproduceatthesameoutputlevelasanunregulatedmonopoly.(c)Itcanoffertheproductsconsumerswantatthelowestpossiblepricebecauseofeconomiesofscale.(d)Itgeneratesmorejobsfortheeconomythanacompetitivemarketstructuredoes.2.Ifprofitregulationisusedtocontrolanaturalmonopolist,thenthemonopolistislikelyto:(a)Attempttoreducethecostsofproduction.(b)Inflateorpadthecostsofproduction.(c)Increasethequalityoftheirproductinanefforttoincreasesales.(d)Reducemaintenanceofplantandequipment.3.Thecaseforderegulationrestsontheargumentthat:(a)Costsofmarketfailureexceedcostsofgovernmentfailure.(b)Regulationsaremorecostlytoimplementthanthemarketfailurethatistobecorrected.(c)Regulationaidsadaptationtomarketchangesintastes,costs,andtechnology.(d)Antitrustinterventionislesscostlythanregulation.4.Theeconomiccostsofpollutioncontrolare:(a)Thedollarsspentonpollution-controlequipment,administrativecosts,compliancetraining,etc.(b)Thequantityofresourcesusedtocontrolpollution.(c)Theimprovedresourceproductivityprovidedbypollutioncontrol.(d)Themosthighlyvaluedalternativegoodsandservicesthatcouldbeproducediftheresourceswerenotusedtoreducepollution.5.Ifthereisnopollutionassociatedwithaneconomicactivity,socialcostsare:(a)Thefullresourcecostsofaneconomicactivity.(b)Equaltoprivatecosts.(c)Equaltothecostsofaneconomicactivitybornebytheproducer.(d)Alloftheabove.6.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestwaytousethemarketmechanismtodiscourageautomobilepollution?(a)Subsidiespaidtoautomobilecompaniesforresearchanddevelopmentofnewanti-pollutiondevicesforcars.6\n(a)Emissionchargesbasedontheamountofpollutionfromdifferenttypesofcars.(b)Subsidiesforvictimsofpollution.(c)Regulationoftheamountofpollutionallowedbyautomobiles.2.Anupward-slopingsupplycurveoflaborreflects:(a)Theincreasingopportunitycostoflabor.(b)Theincreaseinquantitysuppliedaspricesfall.(c)Theincreasingmarginalutilityofincomeasapersonworksmorehours.(d)Alloftheabove.3.Whichofthefollowingwouldnotshiftthemarketdemandforlabor,ceterisparibus?(a)Thewagepaidtolabor.(b)Theproductivityoflabor.(c)Thedemandforfinalproducts.(d)Alloftheabove.4.IftheMPPofanadditionalunitoflaboris3unitsperhour,productpriceisconstantat$6perunit,andthewagerateis$15perhour,then:(a)Theadditionalunitoflaborshouldbeemployed.(b)Theadditionalunitoflaborshouldnotbeemployedbecauseitcostsmorethanitisworth.(c)Theemployershouldlowerwagesandacceptlessemploymentoflabor.(d)Productpricemustbereducedifprofitsaretobemade.5.Higherinterestrates:(a)Reflectahigheropportunitycostofmoney.(b)Lowerthefuturevalueofcurrentdollars.(c)Raisethepresentvalueoffuturepayments.(d)Resultinahigherriskpremium.6.Whichofthefollowingisnotareasontoholdstock?(a)Toreceivepaymentsonthefirm'sdebt.(b)Toreceivepotentialcapitalgains.(c)Totakepartintheselectionoftheboardofdirectors.(d)Toreceivepotentialdividends.7.Liquidityis:(a)Theabilityofanassettobeconvertedtocash.(b)Directlyaffectedbythecouponrate.(c)Notimportantforbondholders.(d)Theopportunitycostofpurchasingabond.8.Thesizedistributionofincomebestmeasurestheanswertothe:(a)FORWHOMquestion.(b)WHATquestion.(c)HOWquestion.(d)WHYquestion.9.Ifthetaxlawisregressive,itwillresultina:(a)SmallerGinicoefficient.(b)GreaterareabetweenabsoluteequalityandtheLorenzcurve.(c)Asmallerincomedifferentialbetweenrichandpoor.(d)Alloftheabove.10.Increasingtaxratesonbusinessescanbejustifiedbasedonequityconsiderationswhen:6\n(a)Perfectlycompetitiveconditionsexist.(b)Thetaxisaflattax.(c)Externalitiesexist.(d)Long-runeconomicprofitsexist.二、是非題(25分)Responsetoeachstatementtrue,false,oruncertainandthenjustifyyourresponse.Thejustificationofyourresponseisthemostimportantpartofyouranswer.1.Themarginalbenefitsofregulationshouldexceedthemarginalcostsofregulationifadditionalregulationsaretobeimposed.2.Whenafirmpollutes,itsmarginalcostcurvenolongerintersectstheaveragetotalcostcurveatitslowestpoint.3.Themostcost-efficientfactorofproductionistheonethatproducesthegreatestoutputperunitofinput.4.Stockpriceswillincrease,ceterisparibus,whentheprevailinginterestrateincreases.5.Theessentialeconomicbenefitofabsoluteincomeequalityisthatitcreatesamarketlinkbetweeneffortandreward.6\n一、計算/畫圖題(24分)1.（10分）Figure1.(1)InFigure1.,whatistheequilibriumwagerate?Howmanyworkersareunemployedatthiswage?(2)InFigure1.,iftheminimumwageissetat$10,howmanyworkerswillbehired?Howmanyworkersareunemployed,andhowmanyofthemareoriginallyemployedattheequilibriumwagerate?6\n1.（6分）Figure2.Figure2illustratesLorenzcurvesfor4differenteconomies.Forwhicheconomywouldlowerincomefamiliesreceivealargershareoftotalincome?ForWhicheconomywouldthehighest20%incomefamiliesreceivethelargestshareoftotalincome?2.ComputethetaxratesforthethreetaxpayersshowninTable1.Thenusethetabletoanswerthefollowingquestions.（8分）Table1:Taxableincomeandtaxcomputations(1)InTable1,whatistheeffectivetaxratefortaxpayer1?(2)InTable1,whatisthenominaltaxratefortaxpayer2?6\n一、分析題(16分)Doesanyonehaveanincentivetomaintainauto-exhaustcontroldevicesingoodworkingorder?Howcanweensurethattheywillbemaintained?6