工程经济学复习

工程经济学复习

1.Rationaldecision-makingprocess1.Recognizeadecisionproblem.认由一个决策问题2.Definethegoalsorobjectives.定义目标或目标3.Collectalltherelevantinformation.收集所有相关的信息4.Identifyasetoffeasibledecisionalternatives.确定一组可行的决策选择5.Selectthedecisioncriteriontouse.选择决策准则来使用6.Selectthebestalternative.选择最好的选择2.FundamentalprinciplesinengineeringeconomicsAnearbydollarisworthmorethanadistantdollar.附近的美元价值超过一个遥远的美元Allthatcountsarethedifferencesamongalternatives.所有重要的差别是在备选方案Marginalrevenuemustexceedmarginalcost.边际收益必须超过边际成本Additionalriskisnottakenwithouttheexpectedadditional\nreturn.附加险是不采取不预期的额外回报2.Theprocedureforapplyingthenet-present-worthcriteriontoasingleprojectStep1:determinetheMARR.确定MARRStep2:estimatetheservicelifeoftheproject.估计项目的使用寿命Step3:estimatethecashinflowforeachperiod:估计为每个时期的现金流入Step4:estimatethecashoutflowforeachperiod估计为每个时期的现金流由Step5:determinethenetcashflowsforeachperiod:确定每个时期净现金流Step6:findthepresentworthofeachnetcashflowattheMARR.找到当前价值的每个净现金流量在MARR下Step7:evaluatetheprojectwiththefollowingdecisionrule:ifPW(i)>0,accepttheproject,ifPW(i)<0,rejecttheproject,ifPW(i)=0,remainindifferent评估该项目提供以下决策规则：如果PW(我),0,接受该项目如果PW(我)<0,拒绝这个项目，如果PW(我尸0,淡然处之\n4.基本名词认识Principal(P)Interestrate⑴?Interestperiod(n)利息期?Numberofinterestperiods(N)数量的利息期?Aplanforreceiptsordisbursements(An)一个计划收据或垫付?Afutureamountofmoney(F)?Compoundinterest复利］?Compound-amountfactor复利终值系数Present-worthfactor现值系数Sinking-fundfactor偿债基金因素Capital-recoveryfactor(Annuityfactor)资本复苏因子(年金因素)Presentvalueofperpetuities永续年金的现值P=A/i5、MARRisafunctionofrisk-freerealreturn,inflationfactor,andriskpremium.Definitions1--Rateofreturnistheinterestearnedontheunpaidbalanceofanamortizedloan.回报率是利息收入在未付的余额上来算贷款的摊销\nDefinitions2--Rateofreturnisthebreak-eveninterestratei*atwnichthepresentworthofaprojectiszeroorPW(i*)=PWcashinflows-PWcashoutflows=0回报率是保本利率i*在wnich当前价值的一个项目是零或PW(i*户PWcash流入-PW现金流由=0Definitions3--Theinternalrateofreturnistheinterestratechargedontheunrecoveredprojectbalanceoftheinvestmentsuchthat,whentheprojectterminates,theunrecoveredprojectbalanceiszero.内部收益率是利息未恢复的项目的平衡的投资，这样，当这个项目终止，未恢复的项目余额是零。6.:i=(1+r/CK)c1M=利息期的数量/年；C=利息期的数量每付款期；K=支付的数量每年时期7.Asimpleinvestment:isaninvestmentinwhichtheinitialcashflowsarenegativeandonlyonesignchangeoccursinthenetcashflowseries.Iftheinitialflowsarepositiveandonlyonesignchangeoccursinthesubsequencenetcashflow,theflowsarereferredto\nassimple-borrowingcashflows.Anonsimpleinvestment:isaninvestmentinwhichmorethanonesignchangeoccursinthecashflowseries.一个简单的投资是一种投资，初始现金流是负和只有一个信号变化发生在净现金流量系列。如果初始流是积极的和只有一个信号变化发生在后继净现金流，流被称为简单的借贷现金流。一个复杂投资是一种投资，超过一个标志变化发生在现金流系列。9、名词解释：1)Interestrates:referstotheratioofinterestontheamountandperiodoftheloancapital利率：指一定时期内利息额与借贷资金的比率，2)Nominalinterestrates(名义利率)：Astatedrateofinterestforagivenperiod(usuallyayear).3)TheCPIisameasureofthegeneralpriceincreaseofconsumerproducts4)Actualdollars(现价):dollaramountsthatreflecttheinflationordeflationrate.5)Constantdollars(不变价):dollaramountsthatreflectthepurchasingpowerofyearzerodollars6)Interest:theadditionalmoneypaidtothelenderforborrowingmoney7)Annualeffectiveyield(annualinterestrate)istheone\nratethattrulyrepresentstheinterestearnedinayear.1)Marketinterestrate:isdeterminedbythecapitalmarketsupplyanddemandrates市场利率是指由资金市场上供求关系决定的利率—2)Inflation:adeclineinpurchasingpowerbyrisingprices.通货膨胀：购买力下降，物价上涨3)Deflation:anincreaseinpurchasingpowerbyfallingprices.通货紧缩：增加购买力下降价格。「