《农学考试练习题》PPT课件

《农学考试练习题》PPT课件

部分习题\nP47/1(1)总体是指所研究的金针虫总体；(2)样本是指从金针虫总体中随机抽取的6个个体组成的样本；(3)变数是指金针虫的头数；(4)观察值是指变数的6个取值为6个观察值。\n组限组中值（y）划线计数次数（ƒ）24.5—27.526║227.5—30.529╫╫║730.5—33.532╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫║║2433.5—36.535╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫│4136.5—39.538╫╫╫╫╫╫╫╫│2139.5—42.541║║442.5—45.54445.5—48.547│1P47/2极差=46-26=20；组数=7；组距=20/7=2.8571≈3100个小区水稻产量资料的次数分布表\n100个小区水稻产量资料的方柱形图P47/3⑴\n100个小区水稻产量资料的多边形图⑵\nP47/4直接法:加权法:\nP47/5等级差法:假定y0=35，\nP47/6BS24：金皇后：\nP47/710株小麦的分蘖数为：3，6，2，5，3，3，4，3，4，3。n=10，y3=2，y7=4，y2-1=y1=3，y2–1=6–1=5P47/8\nP72/2⑴⑵⑶\nP72/3⑴在回交后代200株中，杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻出现的概率各为1/2，即杂合体非糯稻与纯合体糯稻各有100株。⑵F1自交得F2代的分离作3:1遗传比率，即非糯稻为0.75，糯稻为0.25，这一分布属离散型随机变数的概率分布——二项式分布。\nP72/4非糯稻：Np=2000×0.75=1500；糯稻：Nq=2000×0.25=500受害株数概率函数P(y)P(0)0.00100.00100.40P(1)0.01460.01565.84P(2)0.08790.103535.16P(3)0.26370.3672105.48P(4)0.39550.7627158.20P(5)0.23731.000094.92调查单位为5株的概率分布表(p=0.75，q=0.25，n=400)400.00\n样本平均数(成数)的抽样分布:样本总和数(次数)的抽样分布:\nP73/6⑴⑵⑶⑷⑸\n⑹⑺⑻⑼⑽\nP73/7N(16，4)⑴⑵⑶⑷\nP73/8N=5，n=2⑴⑵\n⑶次数（ƒ）1.011.522.032.543.053.544.034.525.0152个样本平均数分布的次数分布表\n52个样本平均数分布的次数分布图\n⑸平均数分布的方柱形图作正态分布。⑷由25个平均数构成的新总体平均数与方差:\nP73/9⑴⑵⑶\nP73/10结果为：0，1，0，0，1，1，0，1，1，0⑴⑵\nP97/4⑴⑵\nP97/5否定无效假设，接受备择假设。\nP97/6否定H0接受H0\nP97/7接受H0\nP97/8接受H0\nP97/9⑴\n⑵\n⑶⑷接受H0\nP97/10⑴去雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227d3226-192125\n⑵⑶否定H0去雄28303135303430283432未去雄25282929312528273227\n⑷⑸成组数据(t=2.905)＜成对数据(t=3.444)，即成组数据容易犯第二类错误。\nP97/11⑴接受H0\n⑵令属真实差异\nP127/54组数据编号Tini12345678组1810164782465.758组292115.502组3650737284.676组41686114110.254\n组1组2组3组4⑴⑵\n⑶两种计算方法结果完全相同。⑷与总变异平方和完全相同。\n种植密度(株、667㎡)千粒重123420002472582562511012253400023824424623696424160002142272212188802208000210204200210824206测定4种密度下金皇后玉米的千粒重结果P128/6\n\n方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01处理间35304176869.79**3.495.95误差1230425.33总变异155608\n多重比较时的LSRa值计算种植密度的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：金皇后玉米的千粒重在不同的密度下有极显著的差异，种植密度愈高千粒重愈低。pSSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.084.327.7610.8933.234.558.1411.4743.334.688.3911.79处理平均千粒重差异显著性5%1%2000253aA4000241bB6000220cC8000206dD\nP128/73个稻田的农药残留量T=27.0稻田123水样123123123残留量1.11.31.21.31.31.41.82.12.21.21.11.01.41.51.22.02.01.9水样Tij2.32.42.22.72.82.63.84.14.1稻田Ti6.98.112.0稻田平均1.151.352.00\n\n方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01稻田间22.371.19148.7**5.1410.92水样间60.050.008＜1水样内90.160.018总变异172.58\n多重比较时的LSRa值计算种植密度的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：水样间无显著差异；稻田间有极显著的差异，稻田3农药污染最重，稻田2次之，稻田1最轻。pSSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123.465.240.12630.191333.585.510.13070.2011处理平均残留量差异显著性5%1%稻田32.00aA稻田21.35bB稻田11.15cC\nP128/85个水稻品种干物质的干物质积累量品种样点干物质重量TijTi甲17.88.99.211.410.547.899.29.92212.110.68.79.910.151.4乙37.48.88.97.89.842.776.47.6446.26.65.37.58.133.7丙512.610.211.411.812.158.1126.112.61615.215.112.312.512.968.0丁75.84.76.67.47.932.468.86.8886.46.88.17.27.936.4戊913.815.113.412.616.671.5146.914.691011.717.215.615.115.871.4\n\n方差分析表变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05F0.01品种间4435.1308108.782724.37**5.1911.39样点间522.31804.46362.58*2.453.51样点内4069.11601.7279总变异49526.5648\n多重比较时的LSRa值计算5个水稻品种干物质的差异显著性(SSR测验)结论：5个水稻品种间有极显著的差异。其中，戊与丙、甲与乙、乙与丁间无显著差异；戊与甲、乙、丁间达极显著水平。pSSR0.05SSR0.01LSR0.05LSR0.0123453.643.743.793.835.705.966.116.182.432.502.532.563.813.984.084.13处理平均干物质量差异显著性5%1%戊丙甲乙丁14.6912.619.927.646.88aabbccAABBCCC\nP128/95个小麦品种的黑穗病率（%）反正弦转换ABCDABCD0.84.09.86.05.1311.5418.2414.183.81.956.279.811.247.9248.5663.290.00.766.07.0→0.004.8054.3315.346.03.510.384.614.1810.7818.7266.891.73.29.22.87.4910.3017.669.63Ti12.313.3151.5180.238.0445.34157.51169.33T=357.3T=410.22\n方差分析表结论：品种间差异不显著。变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品种间34767.331589.112.453.24误差1610365.32647.83总变异1915132.65\n方差分析表结论：数据转换后,品种间差异显著。说明转换后各品种的均方得到改进，从而提高了测验的灵敏度。变异来源DFSSMSFF0.05品种间32982.94994.313.34*3.24误差164767.96298.00总变异197750.09\nP143/1接受H0：差异不显著\nP143/26个方差同质性测验的计算133.644134.563.515714.0628214.27457.082.658210.6328316.94467.762.829711.318841.2845.120.24690.987652.56410.240.94003.760062.0448.160.71292.8516Σ24282.9210.903443.6136\n否定H0：差异显著\nP143/3测验下表各样本观察次数是否适合各相应的理论比率样本号理论比率观察次数Aan⑴⑵⑶⑷3:13:11:115:113424076240361205613170360132253\nP144/4接受H0：差异不显著\nP144/5200个稻穗粒数分布与正态分布的适合性测验每穗粒数次数(O)理论次数(E)组限(y)组中点25.5～30.5281-24.35-2.420.00781.560.201030.5～35.5333-19.35-1.920.01963.920.215935.5～40.53810-15.35-1.420.050410.080.000640.5～45.54321-9.35-0.930.098419.680.087245.5～50.54832-4.35-0.430.157431.480.008650.5～55.553410.650.060.190338.060.227155.5～60.558385.650.560.188437.680.002760.5～65.5632510.651.060.143128.620.457965.5～70.5681615.651.550.084016.800.038170.5～75.573820.652.050.04048.080.000875.5～80.578325.652.540.01472.940.001280.5～85.583230.653.040.00551.110.7136\nP144/6接受H0：差异不显著\nP144/7杂交F3代在室内与田间对某种病害反应的相关研究H0:两个变数相互独立；HA:两个变数彼此相关否定H0：差异极显著田间反应温室幼苗反应Ri抗病分离感病抗病142(37.99)51(114.21)3(43.80)R1=196分离13(81.21)404(244.16)2(93.63)R2=419感染2(37.80)17(113.63)176(43.57)R3=195CiC1=157C2=472C3=181n=810\nP144/8测验以下4个样本的分离是否一致符合3：1的分离比率样本号理论比率观察次数Aan⑴3:1134361701.32550.788228.38⑵3:124012036013.33330.666780.00⑶1:1765613221.37370.333332.24⑷15:12401325353.22920.948612.34合计690225915\n6个方差同质性测验的计算否定H0：极显著128.37991694796.20313.3457565.4201279.996035928718.56404.38201573.1296332.24161314223.64963.4733454.9967412.33582523108.62162.5125633.1514Σ91140847.038313.71353226.6978\nP246/12.6（一）1.F测验表1方差分析表变异来源平方和自由度均方F值Ｆ0.05Ｆ0.01区组间0.271230.09041.0633.295.42处理间8.972151.794421.09﹡2.904.56误差1.2762150.0851总变异10.519623\n2.多重比较处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平处理67.550000aA处理57.125abAB处理36.900000bBC处理16.45cCD处理26.2cDE处理45.7dE\n（二）1.F测验方差分析表变异来源平方和自由度均方F值Ｆ0.05Ｆ0.01处理间8.972151.794420.8722.774.25处理内1.5475180.086总变异10.519623\n2.多重比较处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平F7.5500001aAE7.125abABC6.9000001bBCA6.4499998cCDB6.1999998cDED5.6999998dE\nP246/12.71.F测验拉丁方试验方差分析表变异来源平方和自由度均方F值F0.05F0.01纵列44.56411.143.87703.265.41横行8.5642.140.744783.265.41处理202.16450.5417.5893.265.41误差34.48122.8733总和289.7624\n2.多重比较字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平处理A27.8aA处理C26.2aA处理B25.6aA处理D22.2bB处理E20bB\nP297/13.31.F测验方差分析表(固定模型)变异来源平方和自由度均方F值Ｆ0.01区组间1.1666720.583331.87813.445.72A因素间57.3333319.111161.529﹡3.054.82B因素间8.66666724.3333313.951﹡3.445.72AxB260.333331.07322.553.76误差6.83333220.310606总变异7635\n2.多重比较Ａ因素间字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平A415.888889aAA314.333333bBA213.222222cCA112.555555dC\nＢ因素字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平B314.5aAB114.16667aAB213.33333bB2.多重比较\nＡＢ组合字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平1216.666667aA1015.666667bAB1115.333333bAB714.666667bcBC914.666667bcBC813.666667cdCD413.666667cdCD613.333333dCD313.333333dCD112.666667dDE512.666667dDE211.666667eE\nP297/13.41.F测验方差分析表变异来源平方和自由度均方F值F0.05F0.01区组0.166720.0833因素A40.3333140.333369.14318.598.5误差1.166720.5833因素B75175306.3915.98AxB3131.26.3915.98误差1042.5总和129.66711\n2.多重比较主处理字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平主处理17.6666665aA主处理24bA\n2.多重比较副处理字母标记表示结果处理均值5%显著水平1%极显著水平副处理18.333333aA副处理23.3333333bB\nP190/9.5回归方程y=-0.00571+0.02343x相关系数R=0.999554决定系数R2=0.999108t=74.85t0.05=2.571Sy/x=0.00828078671210825\nP190/9.5y=33.29539+0.7456x相关系数R=0.842384决定系数R2=0.709610t=3.51Sy/x=4.96