大四农学专业英语考试

大四农学专业英语考试

名词解释1、单作(Monoculture):theexclusivecultivationofasinglecropoverwideareas.2、农业科学(Agriscience):istheapplicationofscientificprinciplesandnewtechnologiestoagriculture.3、可再牛资源(Renewablenaturalresources):aretheresourcesprovidedbynaturethatcanreplaceorrenewthemselves.4、农业综合经营(Agribusiness):referstocommercialfirmsthathavedevelopedwithorstemoutofagriculture・5、溶液培养(Aquaculture):meansthegrowingandmanagementoflivingthingsinwater,suchasfish・6、作物学(Cropscience):refertoheuseofmodernprinciplesingrowingandmanagingcrops.7、生物工艺学(Biotechnology):isarelativelynewtermreferringtothemanagementofthecharacteristicstransmittedfromonegenerationtoanother.8>病虫害综合防治(IPM:integratedpestmanagement):referstothemanydifferentmethodsusedtogethertocontrolinsects,diseases,rodents,andotherpests.9、有机食物(Organicfood):isatermusedforfoodsthathavebeengrownwithouttheuseofchemicalpesticides.10、高新技术(Hightechnology):referstotheuseofmodernprinciplesingrowingandultramodernequipmenttoperform\ntasksandcontrolmachineryandprocesses・11>光合作用(photosynthesis):lightenergyistrapped,transformed,andthenusedtoconvertcarbondioxideandwaterintoglucoseandoxygen.12>呼吸作用(Respiration)：whenoxygenispresent,aerobicrespirationallowscellstobreakdownglucoseintocarbondioxideandwaterandreleasechemicalenergy.13、蒸腾作用(waterevaporates):fromtheplantsstemandthestomataofitsleaves・14>水培(Hydroponics):plantsaregrowninwaterthathasbeensupplementedwiththeproperminerals・15、源(Source):thephotosynthesizingcellsorcellsthatstoretheproductsofphotosynthesisserveasthesourceofsugarsandotherorganicsolutes.16、库(Sink):theplantcellsthatareusingorstoringthesugarsactasthesink・17>转移作用(Translocation):themovementoftheproductsofphotosynthesis.18>生物科学(Technology):isdefinedastheapplicationofandindustrialorcommercialobjective・19、生物技术(Biotechnology):isarelativelynewtermreferring\ntothemanagementofthecharacteristicstransmittedfromonegenerationtoanothe匚20>农学(Agronomy):isthescienceoffruits,vegetablesandornamentals・21>抗张强度(Tensilestrength):theresistanceofamaterialagainstbeingpulledapart・22、内聚力(Cohesion):istheforcethatholdsthewatermoleculestogetheragainsttheweightofthewaterbug・23、根压(Pressure):watermovesintotherootthroughosmosis,establishingapositivepressurecalledroot.近义i司(bestinterpretation)1、ConsiderthemassivesizeoftheMississippiRiverDelta.fgr^aZerthanusual)2、Ifinsideworkwithoutthecompanyofotherpeopleisappealin父、aprofessionalcareer,suchasresearch,shouldbeconsidered.3、ThispaperseesthedevelopmentofAfricanagricultureasthemostpromisingsolutiontotheseproblems.4、Saltwaterisusedforcropirrigationinordertoexploitthelargeareasofcoastaldeserts.fully)5、Legumescanthriveinnitrogen-depletedsoi\.(growwell)\n6、Thedisposaloftherubbishisapressingproblemfacingthelocalmunicipalgovernment.(removaZ)7、This10-chapter,multiauthorbookaddressesissuesarisingfromthedefinitionandmeasurementofpovertyintermsofnutritionalstatus.(foeuses)8>Thehardfoliageofthesecultivars(栽培品种)may,however,makethemlessattractiveinthemarketthanthetraditionalsofttypes,(inviting)9、Economicandsocialbenefitsofagriculturalresearchdependonboththequantityandqualityofresearchandextensioneffortsandonthepolicyenvironment.10、Thepotato^originalhomeisinthemountainousregionsofSouthAmerica,althoughitiswfeiredtoastheIrishpotato・(called)11、Soilfertilityrestorationofbadlyerodedandhighacidicsoilareconsideredtogetherwithaspectsoflandreclamation,(restoringtocultivation)12、Customerdiscriminationofaestheticdamagetothenurseryplantswasassessedduringaplantsaleanditwasfoundthatcustomersignoredoffailedtodiscernsomeplantdamage,(artistic)\n13、Theuseofcytokininsinthecultivationofadiverserangeoffruittreesarereviewed.fmrwws)14、Smalldifferencesinclimate,waterandnutrientregimes,andlandusecanmarkedlychangethedelicatebalanceoftropicalwetlands.15、Effectsoflightqualityofartificiallightsourcesonthegrowthandmorphogenesisoftomatoandkidneybeanwerestudied,16、Thelossoforganicmatterreducessoilfertilityandwaterholdingcapacityandrendersthesoilmoresusceptibletocompactionanderosion.tosufferfrom)17>Whilemoreefficientbiologicalcontrolagentsmightbebeneficialforsustainableagriculture,cropsengineeredforherbicideresistancemightincreaseherbicideuse(capableofbeingcontinued)18、Improvedcultivationpracticesarrestedthedegradationoforganicmatter,conservedthenutrients,increasedthesoilpHandsoilenvironment,andsustainedhigherproductivity.19>Therethefoodismixedwithsalivaandattackedbymicroorganismswhichbreakthecellulosetodigestibleproducts・G加\n20、Inturn,theseconditionshaveplayedanimportantroleintransforminghowfarmers^seetheworld^andorganizetheirproduction.21、Thereleaseofthecarboninthesecompoundsforrecyclingdependsalmostentirelyontheactionofbothaerobicandanaerobicbacteriaandcertaintypesoffungi(真菌)。(needingoxygen)22>Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustothesituationdescribedbytheauthorasoneofthenature^greatironies(反讽)。｛similar23、TheCO2generateddiffusesintothetesttube,therebyleadingtoadiscolorationoftheindicatorlaye匚(produced)24>Thisratherfundamentalresearch,whichestablishedthatbacteriadidindeedreproducesexually,beganalineofinvestigationthatultimatelyledtothedevelopmentofgeneticengineering.225、A300mgreenhousewasdividedintoazones,oneusingrecycledsolutionandtheothercontrolzoneusingrecycledsolution,bothonabiodegradablesubstrate.(biologicallydecomposable)\n26>Beforereleasing：transgenicplants，itisnecessarytocarryoutariskassessmenttodeterminewhetherthetransgenicvarietywillbehavedifferentlyfromaconventionallybredvaYiety.(popularizing)27、Datawererecordedfordaystakenforfloralbudappearance，budopeningandvegetativesproutingandnumberofflowersandbranchesperp\ant.(growing)28>Itissuggestedthatthemostfertilesoilfromthephysicalpointofviewhasastructuralcompactnesscomparabletothatofsoilfollowingharvestofawintergrain(denseness)29、A7-wire,slanted^ig^-tensileelectricdeerfencewasusedatbothareas.(relatedtotightness)30>Solid,unbrokencolumnofwaterispulledupthroughtheplantasaresultofthecohesiveandadhesivenatureofwate匚(好mutualattractionoflikemolecules;ofmutualattractionofunlikemolecules)31、Highnetprimaryproductionoforganicmatterproducedby“tardeddecompositionmakesnaturaltropicalwetlandsanimportantsinkforcarbon.32>Comparisonsbetweenexclosuresitesandoutsideareasimmediatelyadjacenttotheexclosurefence,wheredeerhadunrestrictedaccess,revealedthatexclosureshad83%fewer\nhost-seekingnymphsand90%fewerhost-seekinglarvae(幼虫)。(closely)33、TheresultsindicatethatN2OproducedinsoilcanbeconductedtotheatmosphereviariceplantssimilarlytoCH4transport.(Zransw/ZZeJ)34、Shebreast-fedfor14months,andtheviruswasvisualizedinthecellularandcell-freefractionofhermilkbyelectronmicroscoipy.(sighted)35、AlowO2diffusionrate,,associatedwithwaterlogging,wasshowntoinhibitrootgrowthandseedgermination.36、Phloemsaptravelsthroughthesievetubesofthephloem,37>Asyntheticauxin,2,4-D,isappliedathighconcentrationsandcausesexaggeratedgrowthinsomeplantpartsandgrowthinhibitioninothers.(〃£思38、Allheterotrophsobtainthemetabolicenergyneededforgrowthandactivitybyde父Fadingthechemicalbondsoforganicmo\ecu\es.(decomposing)39>Thepolypeptidechainsofproteinsareassembledinthecytoplasm.(cell}40>Ascientistdoingbasicresearchmaybetryingtodeterminewhatexactlytrisserscellreplicationorreactionto\ninfection.(sparesoff)41、Auxinalsocausestheplanttodevelopavascularsystem,toformlateralroots,andtoproduceethylene.填空1、Onlyabout3kindsofplants,outoftheroughly150known...Manymorecouldbedevelopedby250000.2、TheGreenRevolutionhasresultedinincreasedfoodproduction...theuseofnewimprovedcropstrains…increasedinputsoffertilizers.Desticides.andherbicidesaswellasthegreateruseofmachinery—meansthatarenotnormally.3、Agriscienceincludesmanyendeavors/Tndeavor^meansFieldsandbranches.4、Therootabsorbwaterfromthesoil・Thexylemthentransportsthewatertotheremainder...establishingaforceinthexylemcalledrootpressure.5、Watermovesthroughaplantbecausewatermoleculescoheretoeachotherandadheretoxylemcell...atensiondevelops...replacetheevaporatedmolecules.6、Theprocessoftransportingsucrose-theultimateproductofphotosynthesis—throughouttheplantinthephloemiscalledtranslocation.7、Botanistshaveusedradioactivecarbondioxideandthe\nactivitiesofaphidstostudythenatureofsapanditsspeedofmovement.8、Thepressure-flowhypothesisstatesthatphloemsapmovesfromasourcetoasink.Pressureexistsatthesourcebecausesucroseis...Alowconcentrationofsapatthesinkcauseachemicalpullonthecolumnofsap・9、Planthormonesaresmallmoleculesthatregular・..changesinthecellstheyenter.10、Auxinsinfluencecellelongation.Syntheticauxinsareusedasherbicides.