- 2022-08-11 发布 |
- 37.5 KB |
- 13页
申明敬告： 本站不保证该用户上传的文档完整性，不预览、不比对内容而直接下载产生的反悔问题本站不予受理。
文档介绍
语言学起源和分类
Theoriginandclassificationoflanguage\nThebeliefthatalllanguagesoriginatedfromasinglesourceisfoundinGenesis(起源).Itsaysthatthewholeearthwasofonelanguage,andofonespeech.Attheendofthe18thcentury,attemptsweremadetodiscoverthehistoryoftheworld’slanguages.\nTheexperimentsinseekingtheoriginofhumanlanguageIn7thcenturyB.C.theEgyptianPharaoh(法老)PsammetichusSent2infantstoanisolatedmountainhutThefirstwordutteredwasbekosBekoswasthewordforbreadinPhrygian(弗里吉亚语)JamesIVofScotland(1473-1513)Hebrew（希伯来语）wasthelanguageusedintheGardenofEden(伊匐园)\nTheoriginoflanguageCreation(DivineOrigin)EvolutionInvention\nCreationThedivineorigintheoristsproposethatinthebeginningtherewasonelanguagefromonesource,whichlaterbecomecorruptedintomanylanguages.\nEvolutionLanguageevolvedasanadjuncttoearlycommunication(pointing,gesturing,grunting,imitationofanimalsounds,etc.).Theevolutionistscontendthattherewereatthebeginningmanyconcurrentlanguageswhichovertimemergedsothatthelanguagesshowsomesimilarities.\nInventionTheinventiontheoryseestheoriginoflanguageintheimitationofnaturalsoundsandseekstoexplainthecorrespondencebetweensoundandmeaning.Inthemid-18thcentury,JeanJacquesRousseauproposedtheviewthattheearliestmanifestations(表现)oflanguagewere“criesofnature”thatmansharedwithanimals.\nLanguagefamilies语系Geneticclassification谱系分类法Typologicalclassification类型学分类法\nGeneticclassificationThisisahistoricalclassification,basedontheassumptionthatlanguageshavedivergedfromacommonancestor.Twolanguagesmightsharesomefeaturesincommonbecauseoneofthemhasborroweditfromtheother.\nTypologicalclassificationThisisbasedonacomparisonoftheformalsimilaritieswhichexistbetweenlanguages.Itisanattempttogrouplanguagesintostructuraltypesratherthanintermsofanyrealorassumedhistoricalrelationship.\nThedefectofthetwotypesBothtypesofclassificationignoretherelevanceofculturallinksbetweenlanguages.Withthepassageoftimeandthedevelopmentofinterculturalcommunication,languagesinfluenceeachotherbycontractandmayborrowwordsfromeachother.\nAccordingtoCrystal,thereareatleast29languagesfamiliesintheworld.AmongthemtheIndo-Europeanisthelargestfamily.ItcoversmostofEuropeandNorthIndia,predominatesinNorthandSouthAmerica,andAustralasia.\nTheend查看更多