语言学词汇汇总

语言学词汇汇总

语言学词汇汇总conductv.(oftenpassive)todosth.inanorganizedwaygeneralizationn.普遍化validityn.真实性dialectuala.oftheartormethodofarguingaccordingtocertainrulesofquestion&answer辩证的complementv.tocombinewellwithsth.,oftensth.Thathasdifferentquality;toaddanotherthingtosth.complementationn.standvi~in:todosomeoneelse’sjobtemporarilywhiletheyarenotavailabletodoit.muddlev.toputthingsintodisorderscopen.thelimitsofasubjectoractivityentityn.sth.thathasasingleseparate&independentexistence实体normn.(pl.)waysofbehavingthatareregardedasusualorgenerallyacceptable准则；规instinctn.Aninbornpatternofbehaviorthatischaracteristicofaspeciesandisoftenaresponsetospecificenvironmentalstimuli:本能instinctivea.voluntarya.Arisingfromoractingonone'sownfreewill.arbitrarya.Determinedbychance,whim,orimpulse,andnotbynecessity,\nreason,orprinciple:任意的，武断的intrinsica.Oforrelatingtotheessentialnatureofathing;inherent.本质的：属于或关于事物的本质特征的；固有的designv.toformulateaplanfor;devise计划：为制定一个计划；设计n.Thepurposefulorinventivearrangementofpartsordetails设计方案：有目的，有意图的细节安排onomatopoeica.拟声的,声喻的onomatopoeian.Theformationoruseofwordssuchasbuzzormurmurthatimitatethesoundsassociatedwiththeobjectsoractionstheyreferto象声词：词的构成或用法，例如buzz或nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音sophisticateda.Havingacquiredworldlyknowledgeorrefinement;lackingnaturalsimplicityornaiveté.老于世故的：具备世故的知识或精细的；缺乏自然的单纯或天真幼稚的;Verycomplexorcomplicated非常复杂精密或尖瑞的gibbonn.Anyofseveralsmall,arborealapesofthegenusHylobatesofsoutheastAsiaandtheEastIndies,havingaslenderbody,longarms,andnotail长臂猿：一种体小、生活于树林中的长臂猿属类人猿，产自东南亚和东印度群岛的，有瘦长的身躯、长臂且没有尾巴repertoiren.Thestockofsongs,plays,operas,readings,orotherpiecesthataplayerorcompanyispreparedtoperform全部剧目：某一个演员或剧团随时准备表演的全部歌曲、戏剧、歌剧、读物或其它作品orthographica.Oforrelatingtoorthography.正字法的：属于或有关正字法的;Spelledcorrectly.正确拼写的orthographyn.Theartorstudyofcorrectspellingaccordingto\nestablishedusage正字法：根据已建立的用法改正拼写的艺术和研究;Theaspectoflanguagestudyconcernedwithlettersandtheirsequencesinwords拼字法：关于字母及其在词中顺序的那一部分言研究;*Amethodofrepresentingthesoundsoflanguageoralanguagebylettersanddiacritics;spelling表音法：用书写符号或印刷符号表现某一语言的读音的方法phonicadj.（Linguistics）Of,relatingto,orhavingthenatureofsound,especiallyspeechsounds.articulatorn.发音清晰的人，发音器官spectrographn.Aspectroscopeequippedtophotographorotherwiserecordspectra.光谱仪：用来拍摄或记录光谱或声谱的分光镜larynxn.Thepartoftherespiratorytractbetweenthepharynxandthetrachea,havingwallsofcartilageandmuscleandcontainingthevocalcordsenvelopedinfoldsofmucousmembrane.喉：位于咽与气管之间的呼吸道的一部分，管壁由软骨与肌肉组成，有由粘液状的膜构成的褶页所保护的声带glottisn.Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsattheupperpartofthelarynx.声门：喉上部声带间的空隙tautaStrained;tense紧的：紧的；绷紧的uvulan.Asmall,conical,fleshymassoftissuesuspendedfromthecenterofthesoftpalate小舌，悬雍垂：悬垂在软腭中央的小的圆锥状肉块twangv.Tospeakinastronglynasaltoneofvoice带鼻音说话或发音;Tocausetomakeasharp,vibratingsound使发出拨弦声：使发出尖锐的颤音diacritica.Amark,suchasthecedillaoffaçadeortheacuteaccentsofrésumé,addedtoalettertoindicateaspecialphoneticvalueor\ndistinguishwordsthatareotherwisegraphicallyidentical区别音符：一个添加到一个字母上的标志，如façade上所加的变音符号或ré-sumé,上表示发高音的记号，表示一个特殊的发音或用于区别与图示相同的词transcribev.(Linguistics)Torepresent(speechsounds)byphoneticsymbols记下…的音标：用音标表示（用语音）翻译或转译convexa.Havingasurfaceorboundarythatcurvesorbulgesoutward,astheexteriorofasphere凸起的：具有向外弯曲或凸出的表面或边界的，如球体的外表面stoppagen.Theactofstoppingortheconditionofbeingstopped;ahalt停止：停止的动作或被停止的状态；中止retroflexa.(Linguistics)Pronouncedwiththetipofthetongueturnedbackagainsttheroofofthemouth.卷舌音的：将舌尖向后卷抵住口中硬腭而发音的n.（Linguistics）Asoundpronouncedwiththetongueinretroflexposition,asthesound(r)insomevarietiesofEnglish.卷舌音：舌尖处于卷舌音状态时发出的声音，如英语的一些变种音(r)laxn.Pronouncedwiththemusclesofthetongueandjawrelativelyrelaxed,asthevowel“e”inlet松弛元音的：舌头和下颚肌肉比较放松时发出的，如元音e在let中的发音intervenev.Tocome,appear,orliebetweentwothings插进：来到、出现于或位于两个物体之间;Tooccurasanextraneousorunplannedcircumstance干扰：作为一无关的或计划外的情形发生physiologicala.Oforrelatingtophysiology生理学的，与生理学有关的;Beinginaccordwithorcharacteristicofthenormalfunctioningofaliving\norganism.生理的，生理机能的，生理上正常的：根据有生命的有机体正常功能的，或具有此特征的sloppya.Markedbyalackofneatnessororder;untidy:邋遢的：以缺少整洁或秩序为特征的；不整洁的alveolara.(Linguistics)Formedwiththetipofthetonguetouchingorneartheinnerridgeofthegumsoftheupperfrontteeth,astheEnglisht,d,ands.齿龈音的，齿槽音的：用舌尖接触或靠近上前牙龈侧边缘而形成的发音，如英语语音t,d,和sn.Analveolarsound齿槽音，齿龈音pervertv.Toputtoawrongorimproperuse;misuse.SeeSynonymsatcorrupt滥用，误用：使错误或不恰当地使用；误用参见corrupt;Tointerpretincorrectly;misconstrueordistort:误解，误会，歪曲pitchn.AcousticsThedistinctivequalityofasound,dependentprimarilyonthefrequencyofthesoundwavesproducedbyitssource.【声学】音质：声音的特性，主要依据从音源发出的声波的频率;MusicTherelativepositionofatonewithinarangeofmusicalsounds,asdeterminedbythisquality音乐】音高：在一定音乐声中，某一音调相应的位置，由音高决定;MusicAnyofvariousstandardsforthisqualityassociatingeachtonewithaparticularfrequency【音乐】音调：一种音高标准，将每一音调与其特定的频率相连entanglev.Totwisttogetherorentwineintoaconfusingmass;snarl缠住;Tocomplicate;confuse使错综复杂；使混乱;Toinvolveinorasifina\ntangle.SeeSynonymsatcatch使卷入或如同卷入混乱之中参见catchholdgoodfor:(对)…适用scarcityn.Insufficiencyofamountorsupply;shortagewhitewashn.Amixtureoflimeandwater,oftenwithwhiting,size,orglueadded,thatisusedtowhitenwalls,fences,orotherstructures.石灰水、白涂料;Concealmentorpalliationofflawsorfailures.粉饰，掩盖blackoutn.Theconcealmentorextinguishmentoflightsthatmightbevisibletoenemyaircraftduringanairraid灯火管制;Lackofilluminationcausedbyanelectricalpowerfailure.照明不足headstronga.Determinedtohaveone'sownway;stubbornlyandoftenrecklesslywillful.SeeSynonymsatobstinateSeeSynonymsatunruly刚愎自用的，固执已见的；顽固且通常不考虑后果地任性的参见obstinate参见unrulyheadsoffcarryalln.Alargereceptacle,suchasabag,basket,orpocketbook,usedtocarrythingsfromoneplacetoanother大提包;Aclosedautomobilewithtwolengthwiseseatsfacingeachother.封闭式汽车;Acoveredone-horsecarriagewithtwoseats马车sleepwalkv.Towalkorperformothermotoractswhileasleep;somnambulate.梦游；梦游cutupn.Amischievousperson;aprankster.喜欢恶作剧的人；爱胡闹的人inborna.Possessedbyanorganismatbirth.SeeSynonymsatinnate天生的：生物天生固有的参见innate;Inheritedorhereditary.遗传的或继承的off-licencen.（商店的）卖酒执照\nupliftv.Toraise;elevate抬起；提高redcoatn.ABritishsoldier,especiallyoneservingduringtheAmericanRevolution英国士兵：英兵，特别是在美国独立战争中服役的英国士兵bigwign.Averyimportantperson.要人，大亨：一个非常重要的人highbrowa.Of,relatingto,orbeinghighlyculturedorintellectual有高深学向或文化素养的;n.Onewhopossessesoraffectsahighdegreeofcultureorlearning.有高深学问或文化素养的人affixv.GrammarToaddasanaffix加词缀n.Somethingthatisattached,joined,oradded;anappendageoraddition.附加物;(Linguistics)Awordelement,suchasaprefixorsuffix,thatcanonlyoccurattachedtoabase,stem,orroot.词缀consensusn.Anopinionorpositionreachedbyagroupasawholeorbymajoritywill大多数意见;Thevoters'consensuswasthatthemeasureshouldbeadopted.大多数选民的意见是采取这个措施;Generalagreementoraccord:大致上的同意或一致resortv.Tohaverecourse诉诸，依靠：进行求助;Togocustomarilyorfrequently;repair.常去：习惯或频繁地去；常去divergencen.Thedegreebywhichthingsdiverge.分歧：事情分叉（叉开）的程度exemplifyv.Toillustratebyexample举例说明;Toserveasanexampleof作为…例子template/templetn.Apatternorgauge,suchasathinmetalplatewitha\ncutpattern,usedasaguideinmakingsomethingaccurately,asinwoodworking.样板tediousa.Tiresomebyreasonoflength,slowness,ordullness;boring.SeeSynonymsatboring单调乏味的：由于时间长、缓慢或呆滞而令人厌倦的；令人厌烦的参见boringaccommodatev.Toprovidefor;supplywith提供；供应;Toholdcomfortablywithoutcrowding.SeeSynonymsatcontain容纳，提供空间;Tomakesuitable;adapt.SeeSynonymsatadapt使适应；使符合参见adapt;Toallowfor;consider允许；考虑inflectionn.Apatternofformingparadigms,suchasnouninflectionorverbinflection词形变化的规则：形成词形变化的种类，如名词屈折变化、动词屈折变化matrixn.Asituationorsurroundingsubstancewithinwhichsomethingelseoriginates,develops,oriscontained母体，发源地：可产生、发展或包含其它物的地点或环境dubv.Tohonorwithanewtitleordescription授予…新称号，把…称为;Togiveanametofacetiouslyorplayfully;nickname起绰号：取一个诙谐或好玩的名字；给…起绰号depictv.Torepresentinwords;describe.描述：用文字表示insersionn.Theactorprocessofinserting.插入;Somethinginserted,asanornamentalstripoflaceorembroideryinsertedbetweenpiecesoffabric.嵌饰的东西overta.Openandobservable;nothidden,concealed,orsecret:公开的，明白的\ncircumventv.Tosurround(anenemy,forexample);encloseorentrap.围住（例如敌人）；包围或诱陷;Togoaround;bypass绕行；避开bolda.Fearlessanddaring;courageous勇敢的，无畏的；敢作敢为的;Undulyforwardandbrazeninmanner莽撞的;Clearanddistincttotheeye;conspicuous醒目的：清晰的；易见的;(Printing)Boldface.(印刷术)黑体的，粗体的.denotev.Tomark;indicate作标志；指明;Toserveasasymbolornameforthemeaningof;signify:表示，意为;Tosignifydirectly;refertospecifically:SeeSynonymsatmean(1)直接表示；特指参见mean(1)signifyvt.Todenote;mean.SeeSynonymsatmean1表示…的意思；是…的意思参见mean1;Tomakeknown,aswithasignorword表明：使…公诸于众，如用手势或话语vi.Tohavemeaningorimportance.SeeSynonymsatcount1有重要性，要紧：有意义的或有重要性的参见count1manifestv.Toshowordemonstrateplainly;reveal显示：清楚地显示或表示；表明;Tobeevidenceof;prove证实：提供证据；证明indicatev.Toshowthewaytoorthedirectionof;pointout指示，指明；指出;Toserveasasign,symptom,ortokenof;signify:象征，显示；Tosuggestordemonstratethenecessity,expedience,oradvisabilityof:说明，显示：暗示或表明某事之必要性、迫切性或明智性;Tostateorexpressbriefly:简述，表示：简单扼要地说明或表明unicornn.Afabledcreaturesymbolicofvirginityandusuallyrepresentedasahorsewithasinglestraightspiraledhornprojectingfromits\nforehead.独角兽，麒麟：一种虚构的代表童贞的动物，通常表示为一匹马，有直螺旋状的独角从它的额部突出plausiblea.Seeminglyorapparentlyvalid,likely,oracceptable;credible:看似真实的，看似有道理的；可靠的;Givingadeceptiveimpressionoftruth,acceptability,orreliability;specious花言巧语的：产生事实、可接受性或可信赖性的欺骗印象的；华而不实的referentn.Somethingthatrefers,especiallyalinguisticiteminitscapacityofreferringtoameaning.能指事物：能指称之物，特指有能够指称某种意思的能力的一语言成份;Somethingreferredto所指事物referencen.Anactofreferring:参考：参考的行为;Significanceinaspecifiedcontext特殊的重要性：在特定上下文中有特别的意义;Meaningordenotation涵义：意思或含义Thestateofbeingrelatedorreferred相关：被提及或被参考的状态;Amentionofanoccurrenceorasituation:提及：提到发生的事件或处境;Anoteinapublicationreferringthereadertoanotherpassageorsource参考书目：提示读者参考另外的篇章或资料的出版物注解;Thepassageorsourcesoreferredto.参考资料：供参考的篇章或资料---withreferenceto;inreferenceto关于；就…而言virtuen.Moralexcellenceandrighteousness;goodness正直，善良：道德上的优点和正直；美德;Anexampleorkindofmoralexcellence美德，德行：一种美德或其实例;Chastity,especiallyinagirlorwoman.贞操：贞操，尤指女孩或女子;Aparticularlyefficacious,good,orbeneficialquality;advantage:优点，长处：尤其灵验的、好的或受益的品质；长处;Effectiveforceorpower:效力，力量：---byvirtueof或invirtueof:Onthegroundsorbasisof;byreasonof:\n借助；凭借；因为spatiotemporala.Of,relatingto,orexistinginbothspaceandtime时空：关于时间和空间的、与之有关的或存在于时间和空间的;Oforrelatingtospace-time时空的：时空的或与之有关的collocationn.Theactofcollocatingorthestateofbeingcollocated并置：并置排列的行为或被并置排列的状态;Anarrangementorjuxtaposition,especiallyoflinguisticelements,suchaswords.搭配：排列或并置，尤指语言学中的成分排列，如构词sensen.Anyofthefacultiesbywhichstimulifromoutsideorinsidethebodyarereceivedandfelt,asthefacultiesofhearing,sight,smell,touch,taste,andequilibrium.感觉：接受和感觉体外或体刺激的能力，如听力、视力、嗅觉、触觉、味觉和平衡的官能;*Intuitiveoracquiredperceptionorabilitytoestimate直觉，意识：直觉的或已获得的估计的领悟力或能力;Acapacitytoappreciateorunderstand欣赏或理解的能力;Ameaningthatisconveyed,asinspeechorwriting;signification含义：要传达的意思，如在演说或文学作品中；含义v.Tobecomeawareof;perceive感觉：意识到；感觉;Tograsp;understand.理解；领会caninea./n.Of,relatingto,orcharacteristicofthecanids犬科动物的：犬科动物的、与之相关的或具有其特点的;Of,relatingto,orbeingoneofthepointedconicalteethlocatedbetweentheincisorsandthefirstbicuspids.犬齿的：门牙和第一颗前磨牙之间的锋利锥形牙的、与犬齿相关的或位于犬齿的tripletn.Agrouporsetofthreeofonekind\n三个一组：一类人或物的三个组成一组或一套;Oneofthreechildrenbornatonebirth.三胞胎中的一个;Agroupofthreelinesofverse三行联句：一组三行短诗windscreen/windshieldn.Ascreenforprotectionagainstthewind风挡：用于防风起保护作用的屏障;ChieflyBritishThewindshieldofamotorvehicle.【多用于英国】汽车挡风玻璃polysemyn.多义（词）现象leakv.Topermittheescape,entry,orpassageofsomethingthroughabreachorflaw:泄漏;Toescapeorpassthroughabreachorflaw:漏出：通过缺口或裂缝逃逸或通过leekn.Anedibleplant(Alliumporrum)relatedtotheonionandhavingawhite,slenderbulbandflat,dark-greenleaves.韭葱，北美野韭，葱属植物：一种与洋葱有关的可食性植物（韭葱葱属），长有白色、纤细的球茎和扁平、深绿的叶子bown.弓,乐弓,弓形,鞠躬,船首;v.鞠躬,弯腰tearn.破处,破缝,泪滴,眼泪,扯,飞奔,激怒vi.流泪,撕破,猛冲,飞奔,被撕破vt.扯,撕,撕破,戳破,拉掉,折磨,使分裂,撕掉leadvt.领导,引导,致使vi.领导,(道路等)通向,导致,用水砣测深n.领导,领先,导线,铅,(自船上测海水深度的)铅陲,石墨,铅笔芯fastadj.紧的,牢的,忠实的,快速的,耐久的,紧的adv.牢固地,很快地,紧紧地,彻底地n.禁食,绝食,斋戒vi.绝食,斋戒\nscalen.刻度,衡量,比例,数值围,比例尺,天平,等级vt.依比例决定,攀登,测量vi.剥落,生水垢,重,攀登,衡量etymologyn.Theoriginandhistoricaldevelopmentofalinguisticformasshownbydeterminingitsbasicelements,earliestknownuse,andchangesinformandmeaning,tracingitstransmissionfromonelanguagetoanother,identifyingitscognatesinotherlanguages,andreconstructingitsancestralformwherepossible.词源：一种语言形式的起源及其历史发展可通过确定该词或词素的基本组成部分，已知最早的用法及其形式和含义的转变，追溯它从一种语言转变为另一种语言的过程，鉴定它在其它语言中的同源词和重现它的祖传形式来展现和说明;Thebranchoflinguisticsthatdealswithetymologies词源学：有关词源的一门语言学分支inclusivea.Takingagreatdealoreverythingwithinitsscope;comprehensive包括的，包罗广泛的：将大量或每一件事都包括在其围之的；综合性的dimensionn.Ameasureofspatialextent,especiallywidth,height,orlength.尺寸：存在于空间围的一种量变，特别是宽度、高度或长度;OftendimensionsExtentormagnitude;scope常作dimensions面积：围或大小；规模;Aspect;element:各方面：方面；因素assertionn.Theactofasserting武断：武断的行为;Somethingdeclaredorstatedpositively,oftenwithnosupportorattemptatproof.断言：肯定的宣称或述，通常没有证据或不试图证实inconsistenta.Lackingincorrectlogicalrelation;contradictory矛盾的：缺少正确的逻辑关系的；矛盾的;Notinagreementorharmony;incompatible\n不一致的或不协调的；不相容的presupposev.Tobelieveorsupposeinadvance预先相信或假定;Torequireorinvolvenecessarilyasanantecedentcondition.SeeSynonymsatpresume要求或需要以…为先决条件参见presumeanomalousa.Deviatingfromthenormalorcommonorder,form,orrule不规则的：偏离正常的一般的顺序、形式或规则的;Equivocal,asinclassificationornature不明确的，模棱两可的：在类别或性质上不明确的Swahalin.斯瓦希里人[语]adj.班图人[语]的bitter-sweetandget-rich-quick又苦又乐、尽快致富glorificationn.赞颂glorifyv.Togiveglory,honor,orhighpraiseto;exalt.赞美；颂扬;Tocausetobeorseemmoregloriousorexcellentthanisactuallythecase:使增色，美化;Togivegloryto,especiallythroughworship崇拜：给荣誉，尤指通过崇拜insurmountablea.Impossibletosurmount;insuperable:不可逾越的；难以克服的coinv.Tomake(piecesofmoney)frommetal;mintorstrike:铸造;Todevise(anewwordorphrase)杜撰：设计（新单词或短语）outrightadv.Withoutreservationorqualification;openly直率地；Completelyandentirely;wholly彻底地,完全地;Atonce;straightway:立即；当场;Withoutadditionalpaymentsowing,constraints,orstipulations无条件地adj.Presentedwithoutreservation;unqualified直率的;无保留的；无条件无限制的;Complete;total:完全的；全部的;Thoroughgoing;out-and-out:\n彻底的；明显的;Madewithoutconstraints,stipulations,oradditionalpaymentsowed无限制的：设有限制、条款或额外的应付额的Kodakn.美国柯达公司;[美]柯达(柯达公司的照相机和照相材料的商标名)clipv.Tocutshort;curtail截短；缩短;Toshorten(awordorwords)byleavingoutlettersorsyllables.省略，简略：通过去除字母或音节来缩短（单词）discothequen.Anightclubthatfeaturesdancingtorecordedorsometimeslivemusicandoftenhasshowydecorandelaboratelighting迪斯科舞厅：以伴有唱片或有时现场音乐来跳舞为特征的夜总会，而且经常有华丽的室装潢和精心设计的灯光装置bulldozern.Aheavy,driver-operatedmachineforclearingandgradingland,usuallyhavingcontinuoustreadsandabroadhydraulicbladeinfront推土机：用来清除和平整土方的重型的，驾驶操作的机器，常有连续的履带，前部有宽的液压铲刀;Anoverbearingperson;abully专横的人，暴徒scriptn.Handwriting手迹;Astyleofwritingwithcursivecharacters.草写体：潦草的书写体acronymn.Awordformedfromtheinitiallettersofaname,suchasWACforWomen'sArmyCorps,orbycombininginitiallettersorpartsofaseriesofwords,suchasradarforradiodetectingandranging.首字母缩拼词：一单词由一名字的起首字母组成。如WAC为Women'sArmyCorps的第一个字母组成。或者是由起首字母和一系列单词中的部分字母组成，如radar由radiodetectingandranging的组成retentionn.Theactofretaining保持;Theconditionofbeingretained.保留，滞留;Capacityorpowerofretaining保持力，持续力;Anabilitytorecallorrecognizewhathasbeenlearnedorexperienced;memory.记忆力;Something\nretained被保持物fettern.Achainorshacklefortheanklesorfeet.脚镣;Somethingthatservestorestrict;arestraint.桎梏，羁绊；束缚houndn.Adomesticdogofanyofvariousbreedscommonlyusedforhunting,characteristicallyhavingdroopingears,ashortcoat,andadeep,resonantvoice.猎狗：一种通常用于打猎的家狗，其特点是耳朵下垂，毛发较短，叫声低沉响亮;Adog.狗;Acontemptibleperson;ascoundrel.可鄙之人；无赖lustn.Intenseorunrestrainedsexualcraving.性欲;Anoverwhelmingdesireorcraving强烈的欲望或渴望;Intenseeagernessorenthusiasm强烈的渴望或热情overtonen.OftenovertonesAnulterior,usuallyimplicitmeaningorquality;animplicationorahint常作overtones次要的意义，暗示；蕴涵或暗示assaultn.Aviolentphysicalorverbalattack.攻击，抨击;Amilitaryattack,suchasonelaunchedagainstafortifiedareaorplace.进攻：军事攻击，如向要塞地区或地方发动的攻击apta.Exactlysuitable;appropriate:恰当的；合适的;Havinganaturaltendency;inclined有一种自然倾向的；Quicktolearnorunderstand聪明的：迅速学习或理解的updatev.Tobringuptodate:更新：使…跟上时代;n.Informationthatupdates.更新（旧信息）的信息;Theactoraninstanceofbringinguptodate更新的行为或事例readoutn.Presentationofdata,usuallyindigitalform,fromcalculationsorstorage读出：从计算工具或存储库中显示出，通常是以数据形式存在的信息rovern.Onethatroves;awanderer流浪汉；漫游者;Acrewedoruncrewed\nvehicle,usedespeciallyinexploringtheterrainofaplanetanditssatellites.飞行器：尤指用于探测行星及其卫星上地形的载人或未载人的飞行器modulen.Astandardorunitofmeasurement.模：度量标准或单位;Astandardized,ofteninterchangeablecomponentofasystemorconstructionthatisdesignedforeasyassemblyorflexibleuse组合部件;ComputerScienceAportionofaprogramthatcarriesoutaspecificfunctionandmaybeusedaloneorcombinedwithothermodulesofthesameprogram【计算机科学】程序块;Aself-containedunitofaspacecraftthatperformsaspecifictaskorclassoftasksinsupportofthemajorfunctionofthecraft.舱：宇宙飞船的一个执行某一个或一组特殊任务的整套装在一起的单元，以协助飞船主要部分的工作;Aunitofeducationorinstructionwitharelativelyhighteacher-to-studentratio,inwhichasingletopicorasmallsectionofabroadtopicisstudiedforagivenperiodoftime.单元：一种有相当高师生比率的教育或教授单元，其中的单个论题或一个大论题的小部分在给定阶段的时间学习mooncraftn.登月飞船tampervi.Tointerfereinaharmfulmanner以一种有害的方式来干预;Totinkerwithrashlyorfoolishly:草率或愚蠢地乱动;v.tr.Toalterimproperly篡改：对…作不正当的改动ecoactivismn.生态活性论ecociden.Heedlessordeliberatedestructionofthenaturalenvironment,asbypollutantsoranactofwar.生态灭绝：对自然环境的无意或有意的毁灭，如污染或战争引起的破坏ecocatastrophen.\n生态灾难(由于使用污染物质不加限制而破坏生态自然平衡所造成的大规模灾难)graffitin.(\sing.\为graffito)在墙壁等上的涂抹乱写foremann.Amanwhoservesastheleaderofaworkcrew,asinafactory.工头;Amanwhochairsandspeaksforajury首席陪审员：陪审团主席和发言人approximatea.Almostexactorcorrect约莫的，大概的：基本精确或正确的;Verysimilar;closelyresembling:非常类似的；极相似的mergev.Tocausetobeabsorbed,especiallyingradualstages使…被吸收，尤指逐步地被吸收;Tocombineorunite使合并或结合analogyn.Similarityinsomerespectsbetweenthingsthatareotherwisedissimilar.相似，类似;Acomparisonbasedonsuchsimilarity.SeeSynonymsatlikeness比拟，类比：基于这种相似性的比较参见likenessagendumn.【复数】a.gen.da/a.gen.dumsSomethingtobedone,especiallyanitemonaprogramorlist.待议事项：待做的事，尤指项目或目录清单上的一个项目elaborationn.苦心经营,苦心经营的结果,详尽的细节elaboratevt.Toworkoutwithcareanddetail;developthoroughly.精心制作；详尽阐述v.intr.Tobecomeelaborate.变得复杂;Toexpressatgreaterlengthoringreaterdetail:详述：用更长的篇幅或更多的细节表达indicatev.Toshowthewaytoorthedirectionof;pointout:指示，指明；指出;Toserveasasign,symptom,ortokenof;signify象征，显示；象征;Tosuggestordemonstratethenecessity,expedience,oradvisabilityof:说明，显示;Tostateorexpressbriefly:简述，表示\naffiliatev.Toadoptoracceptasamember,subordinateassociate,orbranch接纳，隶属;Toassociate(oneself)asasubordinate,subsidiary,employee,ormember使发生联系：联系以使（自己）成为部属、副手、雇员或成员;Toassigntheoriginof.追溯：追溯…的起源monolithica.Constitutingamonolith构成整料的;Massive,solid,anduniform庞大的、坚定的、完整的swampn.Aseasonallyfloodedbottomlandwithmorewoodyplantsthanamarshandbetterdrainagethanabog.沼泽地;Alowlandregionsaturatedwithwater湿低地;Asituationorplacefraughtwithdifficultiesandimponderables困境intelligiblea.Capableofbeingunderstood能被理解的correlatev.t.Toputorbringintocausal,complementary,parallel,orreciprocalrelation.相互联系;Toestablishordemonstrateashavingacorrelation:相关联的v.i.Toberelatedbyacorrelation.联系：通过相互关联而联系上adj.Relatedbyacorrelation,especiallyhavingcorrespondingcharacteristics相应特点n.Eitheroftwocorrelateentities;acorrelative相关一方：两个相对应的方面的任一方adolescenta.Of,relatingto,orundergoingadolescence.SeeSynonymsatyoung青春期的n.Ayoungpersonwhohasundergonepubertybutwhohasnotreachedfullmaturity;ateenager青少年boomboxn.置扬声器，置立体声系统ethnica.Oforrelatingtosizablegroupsofpeoplesharingacommonand\ndistinctiveracial,national,religious,linguistic,orculturalheritage种族的，人种的;Of,relatingto,ordistinctiveofmembersofsuchagroup种族风格的copulan.[语法]系动词(如be,seem,appear等),[逻](命题主词与谓词间的)连系tenorn.Acontinuous,unwaveringcourse.SeeSynonymsattendency一般趋向,参见tendency;Theword,phrase,orsubjectwithwhichthevehicleofametaphorisidentified含隐喻的字句;Thecourseofthoughtorargumentrunningthroughsomethingwrittenorspoken.思路;Generalsense;purport中心：要旨；大意moden.Amanner,way,ormethodofdoingoracting方式;Aparticularform,variety,ormanner:形式，方式;Thecurrentorcustomaryfashionorstyle.SeeSynonymsatfashion时尚，风尚;(Grammar)Mood语气perusev.Toreadorexamine,typicallywithgreatcare细读，细察：以极其细致的方式阅读或查阅superimposev.Tolayorplace(something)onoroversomethingelse.把（某物）放在或置于另一物的上面或上空;Toaddasadistinctfeature,element,orquality:添加：添声加色，使形象、某因素或性质更加清楚prestigiousa.Havingprestige;esteemed有威望的；受尊敬的judiciaryn.Asystemofcourtsoflawfortheadministrationofjustice司法系统：司法的法庭系统;Thejudgesofthesecourts.法官codifyv.Toreducetoacode把…编集成法典;Toarrangeorsystematize整理，系统化\nintrinsicaladj.本质的,固有的cognitionn.Thementalprocessorfacultyofknowing,includingaspectssuchasawareness,perception,reasoning,andjudgment.认识力;Thatwhichcomestobeknown,asthroughperception,reasoning,orintuition;knowledge认识controversyn.Adispute,especiallyapublicone,betweensidesholdingopposingviews.SeeSynonymsatargument争论，辩论emancipatev.Tofreefrombondage,oppression,orrestraint;liberate解放sufficev.Tomeetpresentneedsorrequirements;besufficient:满足；充足;Tobeequaltoaspecifiedtask;becapable:有能力胜任；有能力denotativea.Denotingornaming;designative表明的或命名的；任命的;Specificordirect特定的或直接的denotev.Tomark;indicate:作标志；指明;Toserveasasymbolornameforthemeaningof;signify:表示，意为；Tosignifydirectly;refertospecifically:SeeSynonymsatmean1直接表示；特指参见mean1connotev.Tosuggestorimplyinadditiontoliteralmeaning隐含：在字面意义之外显示或暗指的含义;Tohaveasarelatedorattendantcondition有…相关或附加条件iconica.Of,relatingto,orhavingthecharacterofanicon肖像的，与肖像有关的，具有肖像特点的;Havingaconventionalformulaicstyle.Usedofcertainmemorialstatuesandbusts.具有标准传统风格的。用于某些纪念雕塑和半身像fragrancen.Thestateorqualityofhavingapleasantodor.\n香气：有悦人的味道的状态或性质;Asweetorpleasantodor;ascent.芳香：甜甜的或悦人的味道；香味passionn.Apowerfulemotion,suchaslove,joy,hatred,oranger.激情：强烈的感情，如爱、欣喜、憎恨或生气;Ardentlove.热烈的恋情;Strongsexualdesire;lust.强烈的性欲；色欲;Theobjectofsuchloveordesire引人暇思者：这种热恋或欲望的对象;Boundlessenthusiasm无限的热爱encodev.Toput(amessage,forexample)intocode.编码：将（一条信息等）编成密码;ComputerScienceToconvert(acharacter,routine,orprogram)intomachinelanguage.【计算机科学】编码，译码cohesionn.Theact,process,orconditionofcohering:聚性：凝集的动作、过程和条件acquaintancen.Knowledgeofapersonacquiredbyarelationshiplessintimatethanfriendship认识，相识，了解;Apersonwhomoneknows熟人;Knowledgeorinformationaboutsomethingorsomeone认识，了解maritala.Oforrelatingtomarriage婚姻的;Oforrelatingtoahusband.丈夫的rainbown.Anarcofallsevenspectralcolorsappearingintheskyoppositethesunasaresultoftherefractivedispersionofsunlightindropsofrainormist彩虹spectrumn.Thedistributionofenergyemittedbyaradiantsource,asbyanincandescentbody,arrangedinorderofwavelengths光谱;Arangeofvaluesofaquantityorsetofrelatedquantities围;Abroadsequenceorrangeofrelatedqualities,ideas,oractivities系列，围，幅度designatev.Toindicateorspecify;pointout指定；指出;Togiveanameortitle\nto;characterize.任命：给…头衔；授予;Toselectandsetasideforaduty,anoffice,orapurpose.SeeSynonymsatallocateSeeSynonymsatappoint选定，指派huen.Aparticulargradationofcolor;ashadeortint色调：色彩的一种特殊层次；阴影或浅色;Color色彩;Appearance;aspect外表；样子entailv.Tolimittheinheritanceof(property)toaspecifiedsuccessionofheirs.限定继承;Tobestoworimposeonapersonoraspecifiedsuccessionofheirs.赠与，限嗣继承castlen.Alargefortifiedbuildingorgroupofbuildingswiththickwalls,usuallydominatingthesurroundingcountry城堡;Aplaceofprivacy,security,orrefuge.避难所：隐蔽、安全的地方或避难所roundoff:使…完美；完成；用四舍五入化为整数；缩减（一个数的小数）3.1415926gives3.14whenroundedoffto2decimalplaces.当将3.1415926缩减成2位小数时便成为3.14。renderv.Tosubmitorpresent,asforconsideration,approval,orpayment:呈递，提出;Togiveormakeavailable;provide给予：给予或使可获得；提供;Togivewhatisdueorowed表示：给予到期或拖欠的东西intertwinev.Tojoinorbecomejoinedbytwiningtogether使缠绕在一起acculturatev.Tocause(asociety,forexample)tochangebytheprocessofacculturation.使受同化;Tochangeorbemodifiedbyacculturation.变化，受同化kinshipn.Connectionbyblood,marriage,oradoption;familyrelationship.亲属关系Relationshipbynatureorcharacter;affinity亲密关系\nlardv.Tocoverorcoatwithlardorasimilarfat.涂油于;Toenrichorlaceheavilywithextramaterial;embellish:润色;Tofillthroughout;inject:完全充满；注满indigenousa.Originatingandgrowingorlivinginanareaorenvironment.SeeSynonymsatnative当地的，本土的,起源于并生长或生存在一个地区或环境里的参见native;Intrinsic;innate在的：必然的；固有的algebran.代数学alkalin.n.[化]碱adj.碱性的erraticallyadv.不规律地,不定地promulgationn.颁布intimateadj.亲密的,隐私的vt.宣布,明白表示n.熟友accomplishv.Tosucceedindoing;bringtopass.SeeSynonymsatperform成功地完成；通过;参见perform;Toreachtheendof;complete.达到终点；完成discriminatev.Tomakeacleardistinction;distinguish辨别;Tomakesensibledecisions;judgewisely作出明智的决定；明智地判断;Tomakedistinctionsonthebasisofclassorcategorywithoutregardtoindividualmerit;showpreferenceorprejudice:差别待遇，歧视exponentn.Onethatexpoundsorinterprets.解释者;Onethatspeaksfor,represents,oradvocates:拥护者，示者，倡导者endowmentn.Theactofendowing.捐赠;Anaturalgift,ability,orquality.天资、能力或天赋\nantecedentn.Onethatprecedesanother.前项;GrammarTheword,phrase,orclausetowhichapronounrefers【语法】先行词：代名词所指代的词，短语或句子sessionn.Ameetingofalegislativeorjudicialbodyforthepurposeoftransactingbusiness会议;Thetermordurationoftimethatistakenbysuchaseriesofmeetings.会议期;Thepartofayearorofadayduringwhichaschoolholdsclasses.学期：学校有课时一年或一天的部分;Anassemblyofpeopleforacommonpurposeorbecauseofacommoninterest集体foregoinga.Said,written,orencounteredjustbefore;previous:前述的，在前的：以前述说、记载或发生过的abusev.Tousewronglyorimproperly;misuse.乱用，滥用；误用;Tohurtorinjurebymaltreatment;ill-use.虐待，伤害；苛待;Toassailwithcontemptuous,coarse,orinsultingwords;revile辱骂，毁谤：用蔑视、粗俗或侮辱性的话攻击；谩骂prototypen.Anoriginaltype,form,orinstancethatservesasamodelonwhichlaterstagesarebasedorjudged原型：一种原初的类型、形式或例证，是作为其后期阶段的基础的模型;Anearly,typicalexample.早先的典型事例atypicala.Notconformingtotype;unusualorirregular.非典型的，不标准的，反常的，不正常的：与类型不符合的；不寻常的或不合规格的backclothn.背景幕,背景paradigmn.Anexamplethatservesaspatternormodel.例，样式;Alistofalltheinflectionalformsofawordtakenasanillustrativeexampleoftheconjugationordeclensiontowhichitbelongs.词形变化表discrediteda.adj.不足信的,不名誉的\nstalagmiten.Aconicalmineraldeposit,usuallycalciteoraragonite,builtuponthefloorofacavern,formedfromthedrippingofmineral-richwater.石笋stalagtiten.corrigiblea.Capableofbeingcorrected,reformed,orimproved.可改正的devianta.Differingfromanormorfromtheacceptedstandardsofasociety.偏离，脱离n.Onethatdiffersfromanorm,especiallyapersonwhosebehaviorandattitudesdifferfromacceptedsocialstandards.不正常的人statisticala.Of,relatingto,oremployingstatisticsortheprinciplesofstatistics统计的、与之有关的、运用统计学或统计原理的approximationn.Theact,process,orresultofapproximating.接近;MathematicsAninexactresultadequateforagivenpurpose近似值：适用于给定目标的不精确结论permeabilityn.Thepropertyorconditionofbeingpermeable渗透，渗透性;Therateofflowofaliquidorgasthroughaporousmaterial渗透度，渗透率extrinsica.Notforminganessentialorinherentpartofathing;extraneous非本质的，无关系的;Originatingfromtheoutside;external外来的；外部的heydayn.Theperiodofgreatestpopularity,success,orpower;prime极盛时期：繁荣、成功或力量的最高潮；全盛时期carryovern.遗留（物）mentalistn.精神第一性论者adjacencyn.Thestateofbeingadjacent;contiguity.邻近；Athingthatis\nadjacent.邻接物attainmentn.Theactofattainingortheconditionofbeingattained达到，获得；Something,suchasanaccomplishmentorachievement,thatisattained.成就，造诣，才能aptituden.Aninherentability,asforlearning;atalent.SeeSynonymsatability天资；Quicknessinlearningandunderstanding;intelligence.聪慧；才智；Theconditionorqualityofbeingsuitable;appropriateness.适和；适宜coden.Asystematicallyarrangedandcomprehensivecollectionoflaws法典；Asystematiccollectionofregulationsandrulesofprocedureorconduct法规；Asystemofsignalsusedtorepresentlettersornumbersintransmittingmessages电码；Asystemofsymbols,letters,orwordsgivencertainarbitrarymeanings,usedfortransmittingmessagesrequiringsecrecyorbrevity密码roten.Amemorizingprocessusingroutineorrepetition,oftenwithoutfullattentionorcomprehension死记硬背；learnbyrote.死记硬背地学习；Mechanicalroutine机械的作法，老一套speculativea.Of,characterizedby,orbaseduponcontemplativespeculation.SeeSynonymsattheoretical深思熟虑的；Giventoconjectureorspeculation猜测性的，推测的；Markedbyinquisitiveinterest带着疑问的，好奇的；Engagingin,givento,orinvolvingfinancialspeculation从事金融投机的，好投机的，投机性的；Involvingchance;risky:冒险性的resultativea.表示结果的ebbv.Tofallbackfromthefloodstage（潮）退：从大水状态退落下来;Tofall\nawayorback;declineorrecede.SeeSynonymsatrecede回落跌落；衰退或消减参见recedeunderachievev.Toperformworseorachievelesssuccessthanexpected未充分发挥：比预期的做得较坏或取得较小成功extroversionn.Interestinone'senvironmentorinothersasopposedtoortotheexclusionofoneself.外倾：对环境或其它的如与自身相反的或自身以外的事物的兴趣;Aturninginsideout,asofanorganorapart.外翻：将部外翻，如器官或一部分的外翻\n\n