语言学术英汉对照

语言学术英汉对照

语言学术语（英-汉对照）表GlossaryandIndexAabbreviation缩写词，略语3.3.1Abercrombie10.3.2ablative夺格，离格4.1.1abstractness抽象性1.3.2accent重音（符）2.4.4；2.4.5accuracy正确性11.6.4accusative宾格4.1.1achievementtest成绩测试11.6.3acousticphonetics声学语音学1.7.1；2.1acquisition习得6.1.2acronym缩略语3.3.1actionprocess动作过程12.2.3actor动作者4.4.2；12.2.3addition添加3.3.2addressform称呼形式7.2.3addressee受话人1.4；9.4.1addresser发话人1.4；9.4.1adjective形容词3.1.2；4.1.1；5.5.2adjunct修饰成分；附加语12.2.3adverb副词3.1.2affix词缀3.2.1affixhopping词缀跳跃4.3.1affixation词缀附加法7.1.4affricate塞擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1agreement一致关系4.1.3airstream气流2alliteration头韵9.3.2；9.3.6allomorph词/语素变体3.2.4；4.3.1allophone音位变体2.8allophonicvariation音位变体2.8.3allophony音位变体现象2.8.3alveolarridge齿龈2.2alveolar齿龈音2.4.4；2.4.5ambiguity歧义4.2.2；4.3.1；6.2.3；8.2.2；8.3.2ambiguous歧义的5.5.2；6.3Americandescriptivelinguistics美国描写语言学12.3AmericanEnglish美式英语10.3.5AmericanIndianlanguages美国印第安族诸语言12.3Americanstructuralism美国结构主义10.3.2；12.3analogicalcreation类推造字3.3.1anapest抑抑扬格9.3.3\nanaphor前指替代4.3.3anaphoricreference前指照应4.3.2Anderson6.3.1Animalcommunicationsystem动物交际系统1.2；1.3animate有生命的4.2.1annotation注解10.3.4；10.3.5antecedent先行词；前在词4.3.2anthropological人类学的12.3.1anthropologicallinguistics人类语言学1.8.3；7.1.1anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同发音2.6.1antonomasia换称；代类名7.1.4antonym反义词5.4antonymy反义(关系)5.3.2appellative称谓性4.4.2appliedlinguistics应用语言学11appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语言学7.2.4appropriacy适宜性11.6.4appropriateness适宜性；得体性11.2.5approximant无摩擦延续音2.4.3；2.4.5Apte7；7.2.1aptitudetest素质测试11.6.2Arabic阿拉伯语3.3.1；4.4.1arbitrariness任意性1.3.1；12argument中项；中词；主目4.3.3；5.5.2article冠词3.1.2；4.1.1；4.2.1articulation发音2.6articulator发音器官2.4.2；2.4.3articulatoryphonetics发音语音学1.7.1；2.1artificialspeech人工言语10aspect体4.1.2aspirated吐气；送气2.6.2；2.8.2assimilation同化2.9.1；3.2.4；3.3.2；6.2.4associative联想4.2.1associativemeaning联想意义5.3assonance准压韵；半谐音　9.3.2；9.3.6Atkinson,A.M.2.1attributive属性；修饰语；定语4.2.2；12.2.3auditoryphonetics听觉语音学1.7.1；2.1Austin,JohnLangshaw8.1；8.1.2authenticinput真实投入11.4.2authorialstyle权威风格9.4.3authoringprogram编程10.1.3autonomy自主性1.8auxiliary助词3.1.2；12.4.3\nauxiliaryverb助动词3.1.2；12.2.3Bbabblingstage婴儿语阶段12.4.1back-formation逆构词法3.3.1Bally,Charles9.1Bar-Hillel10.2.1Barnhart&Barnhart7.1.4basecomponent基础部分4.3.2；12.4。4BaudouindeCourtenay,Jan2.8.2behaver行为者12.2.3behaviouralprocess行为过程12.2.3behaviourism行为主义12.3.2；12.4.1Bell,A.M.2.5.Bennette,James9.1Bereiter6.4.2Berlin,Brent7.1.2Berns7.2.4Biber,etal10.3.3bilabial双唇音2.4.4；2.4.5bilabialnasal双唇鼻音2.4.5bilateralopposition双边对立12.1.2bilingualism双语现象7.2.3binarydivision二分法4.2.2binaryfeature二分特征2.10binarytaxonomy二分分类学5.4binding制约4.3.3；8.3.3；12.4.6bindingtheory制约论4.3.3；12.4.6BlackEnglish黑人英语1.1blade舌叶；舌面前部2.4.4blankverse无韵诗9.3.4blending混成法3.3.1Bloch12.3.2Bloom7.1.3Bloomfield,L.2.8.2;3.1.2;4.2.2;12.3.2;12.3.3;12.4.2Boas,Franz2.8.2；7.1.1；12.3.1Bolinger1.3.2Bolto7.2.2borrowing借用；借词3.3.1boundmorpheme粘着语素3.2.1boundingtheory管辖论4.3.3；12.4.6bracketing括号法12.4.3Bransford6.3.1Bransford,John6.4\nbrevitymaxim简洁准则8.3.2bridging架接8.3.3Britian,D.2.10BritishEnglish英式英语10.3.5broadtranscription宽式音标2.6.2；2.8.3broadening词义扩大3.3.3Browncorpus布朗语料库10.3.2Burton,DoloresBurton9.1Ccalculability可计算性8.2.3calque仿造；仿造词语3.3.1cancellability可删除8.2.3cardinalnumeral基数3.1.2cardinalvowel基本元音2.5.2Carpenter6.2.5Carroll,B.J.11.6.4CarterandSimpson9.1case格4.1.1casegrammar格语法12.5.1casetheory格理论4.3.3；12.4.6category范畴1.4；3.1.2；3.2.1；4.1；4.3.2；6.2.3；8.2.1；10.3.5；12.3.3；12.4categoricalcomponent范畴成分4.3.2；4.3.3causative使役的；使投动词8.3.2CD-I,compactdisk-interactive交互式激光视盘10.1.3Cell12.3.3center中心词4.2.3centraldeterminer中心限定词3.1.2chainrelation链状关系4.2.1chainsystem链状系统12.2.3Chao,Y.R.2.8.2Chen11.2Chinese汉语3.3.1；4.1.1；5.0；5.3.2；8.1.2；8.2；12.2.3choice选择12.2.3choicesystem选择系统12.2.3Chomsky,Noam1.9.4；2.11；4.2.2；4.3；6；6.1.2；7.2.1；8.3.3；10；10.3.2；11.2.3；11.2.5；12.4；12.4.7；12.5.1circumstance环境因子12.2.3Clahsen,H.2.10class词类3.1.2；12.3.3classshift词性变换3.3.3clause小句；从句3.1.1；4.4.2click吸气音；咂音2.2clipping截断法3.3.1\nclosedclass封闭类3.1.2closedsyllable闭音节2.11.1cluster音丛2.11.1coarticulation协同发音2.6；2.7coda结尾音节；符尾2.11code语码；信码1.4；3.1.2cognitivepsycholinguistics认知心理语言学6cognitivepsychology认知心理学6.4.1cognitivesystem认知系统4.3.3coherence相关；关联6.4.2；12.2.3cohension衔接12.3.3Cohorttheory6.2.1co-hyponym同下义词5.3.2colligation类连结12.2.2collocativemeaning搭配意义12.2.2colorword色彩词7.1.2colorwordsystem色彩词系统7.1.2command指令1.9.1；4.3.3commoncore共核11.3.3commonnoun普通名词5.5.2communication交际1.1；1.3；1.4communicativecompetence交际能力1.9.4；7.2.4；11.2.5；11.3.3communicativedynamism,CD交际性动力12.1.3communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法11.2communicativeSentencePattern,CSP交际性句子模式12.1.3communicativesyllabus交际教学大纲11.3.3；communicativetest交际性测试11.6.4communicative-grammaticalapproach交际-语法教学法11.3.3compactdisk激光盘10.1.3COMPACTDISD-READONLYMEMORY,CD-ROM激光视盘10.1.3comparativedegree比较级5.3.2competence能力1.9.4；12.4.1；12.4.7complement补语12.2.3complementaryantonym互补反义词5.5.2complementaryantonymy互补反义关系5.3.2complementarydistribution互补分布2.8.3；3.2.4complexpredicate复合谓语5.5.2component成分1.1；3.2.1；11.3.3componentialanalysis成分分析5.4compositeproposition复合命题5.5.2compositionality复合性5.4；5.5.2compound复合词；复合句2.12；3.2.1；3.2.3comprehension理解6.1.2computation计算12.4.3\ncomputationallinguistics计算语言学1.8.4；10computationalsystem计算系统4.3.3computer计算机；电脑10computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算机辅助学习10.1.1computercorpus计算机语料库10.3.1computerhardware计算机硬件10.2.1computerliteracy计算机操作能力10computernetworks计算机网络10..1.3computersystem计算机系统computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计算机辅助教学10.1.1computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算机辅助语言学习10.1conative意动的1.4；4.4.2concept概念4.2.1；5.1conceptualmeaning概念意义5.3；5.4concord一致（关系）4.1.3concordance共现关系10.3.3concretenoun具体名词5.5.2concurrent同时发生的11.6.3conjugation词形变化3.3.1conjunct连接副词5.5.2conjunction连接词3.1.2；5.5.2conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑8.3.3connotation内涵5；5.3；8.3.3consequent跟随成分5.5.2consonance辅音韵9.3.2；9.3.6consonant辅音2；3.2.4constantopposition不变对立12.1.2constative表述的8.1.1constituentcommand成分指令4.3.3constituentproposition成分命题5.5.2constituentstructureanalysis成分结构分析12.4.3constituent成分3.1.2；4.2.2；8.3.3construct编制11.6.4constructvalidity编制效度11.6.3construction构建4.2.2constructivism构建主义11.4.3contact接触1.4contentanalysis内容分析10.4.3contentvalidity内容效度11.6.3contentword实义词3.1.2contextdependent语境依赖的5.3.1contextofsituation情景语境7.1.1；12.2.1；12.2.2context语境1.7.6；2.9.2；6.3；7.1.1contextualanalyses语境分析12.2.2\ncontextualmeaning语境意义8contrastiveanalysis对比分析11.5.4controltheory控制理论4.3.3；12.4.6controlledlanguage有控制的语言10.2.1convention常规；规约1.3.1conventionalmeaning常规意义；规约意义8.2.3conventionality常规性；规约性1.3.1conversationalimplicature会话含义8.2.3；8.3conversationalmaxim会话准则8.3.2；9.5.1converseantonymy相反反义现象5.3.2conversion变换7.1.4Cook11.3；11.4.3cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则1.7.6；8.2.1；8.2.2；9.5.1coordinateconstruction并列结构4.2.3coordination并列4.2.1Corder11.5.2coreferential互参的4.3.2；4.3.3；8.3.3coronal舌面前音2.10corpusdata语料库语料10.3.5corpus(pl.corpora)语料；素材10.3.1；10.3.5；12.3.3corpuslinguistics语料库语言学10.3context上下文1.4；6.2.1countable可数（名词）4.2.1counterfactualproposition反事实命题5.5.2couplet对句；对联9.3.4creativity创造性；原创性1.3.2Creole克里澳尔语；混和语7.2.3cross-cultural跨文化7.1.3cross-culturalcommunication跨文化交际7.1.1cross-linguistic跨语言的7.1.2Crystal,David1.5.5；2.8.1；7.1.1Culler12culture文化7；7.1；7.1.4；12.3.1culturally-specific文化特异的7.1.3curriculum教学大纲11.3customizing定制的10.1.3Ddactyl扬抑抑格9.3.3Danilanguage达尼语7.1.2Darnell7.1.1dataretrieval,DR资料检索10.4database数据库12.2.5dative(case)与格4.1.1；4.3.1\ndativemovement与格移动4.3.1declarative陈述句4.3.1；4.4.2decoding解码8.3.1deductive演绎的12.4.7deepstructure深层结构4.3.1；12.4.4；12.4.5defeasibility消除可行性8.2.3definite有定的3.1.2；4.3.3degeneratedata无用的语料12.4.1deixis指称9.4.1DeKeyser11.4.1deletionrule12.4.5delicacy精密阶10.2.3Dell6.4.1denotation外延；指称5；8.3.3dental齿音2.4.4；2.4.5dentalization齿音化2.9.1；2.9.2derivation衍生3.2.3derivationalaffix.衍生词汇3.2.1derivationalmorphology派生形态学3.2.3description描写1.9.1；11.5.3；12.2.3；12.3.3descriptiveadequacy描写充分性12.4.2descriptivelinguistics描写语言学12.4designfeature结构特征1.3determiner限定词3.1.2；4.1.3；4.2.1；4.3.1；6.2.3developinggrammar发展语法12.4.1deviant变体9.2.1deviation偏离；变异1.9.4devoicing清音化2.9.1；2.9.3diachroniclinguistics历时语言学12diachronic历时的1.9.2；8.3.2diacritic附加符号；变音符2.3.2；2.6.2diagnostictest诊断性测试11.6.2dialect方言1.1dialectology方言学7.2.2；10.3.5dialogue对话9.5.1dictionary词典5.5.2；10.3.5digitizedsound数字化语音10.1.3dimetre二音步诗行9.3.3diphthong二合元音；双元音2.5.2；3.2.4；3.3.2directobject直接宾语6.2.4；9.2.1；12.1.3directspeech,DS直接言语9.4.2directthought,DT直接思想9.4.2directionality方向性7.1.4discourse语篇；话语6.3；9.4.1；1.3.3\ndiscourseanalysis语篇分析；话语分析7.2.3；12.2.3discourseinterpretation语篇理解6.3discoveryprocedure（12.3.3）discrete分离的；离散的1.3.2discrete-pointgrammar离散语法11.4discretepointtest分立性测试11.6.4disjunction分离关系5.5.2displacement移位1.3.2dissimilation异化（作用）3.2.4distinctivefeature区别性特征2.10distinguisher辩义成分5.5.2distribution分布3.1.2；12.3.3do-insertionruledo添加规则12.4.3domain范围；领域1.7.1；3.3；3.3.4；12.4.5dorsal舌背音；舌中音2.10dorsum舌背（音）2.2doublecomparative双重比较3.2.3Doughty11.4.1Downes7.1.1download下载10.2.4drama戏剧9.5drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件10.1.3D-structureD结构4.3.3dual双数4.1.1；6.3.2dualisticview二分观点7.2.1；7.2.3duality二重性1.3.2Durkheim，E12EearlyModernEnglish早期现代英语9.5.1economy经济性；简洁性8.3.2；10.3.2ejective爆发音2.2electronicmail电子邮件10.2.4ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英语9.5.1ellipsis省略（法）12.4.3ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子结构9.4.2Ellis,J.2.5.2；11.4.1；11.4.3embeddedelement嵌入成分9.2.1emic位学的1.9.5emotive感情的1.4；1.5.4；4.4.2emphasis强调3.1.2empirical经验主义的12.3.3empiricaldata经验主义的语料10.3.5empiricalvalidity经验效度11.6.3\nempiricism经验主义12.4.1emptycategory,EC空范畴12.4.6enablingskills使成技能化11.6.4encoding编码8.3.1endrhyme末端韵9.3.6endocentricconstruction内向结构4.3.3；4.2.3entailment蕴涵5.4；8.2.3entrycondition入列条件12.2.3epenthesis插音；增音2.9.2；2.9.3equipollentopposition均等对立12.1.2equivalence相等5.5.2equivalencereliability相等信度11.6.3erroranalysis错误分析11.5EST科技英语12.4.6ethnicityidentity民族认同7.2.2ethnographyofcommunication交际民族学7.1.1etic非位的；素的1.9.5evaluation评估12.4.2；10.4.3；11.3.2eventprocess事件过程12.2.3example-basedmachinetranslation基于例句的机器翻译10.2.2exchangeerror交换错误6.4.1exchangesequence交际序列9.5.1exchangestructure交际结构9.5.1exhaustive穷尽的；彻底的12.4.3existent存在物12.2.3existential存在句4.4.2existentialprocess存在过程12.2.3existentialquantifier存在数量词5.5.2exocentric外向的3.2.3exocentricconstruction外向结构4.2.3；4.3.3experiential经验的4.4.2experientialfunction经验功能12.2.3experimentalpsycholinguistics实验心理语言学6explanatoryadequacy解释充分性12.4.2explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明显的语法教学法11.2expressionminimization表达最底程度8.3.3expressive表达的1.5.4；4.4.2extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展标准理论12.4.5extensive引申的；扩展的12.2.3extent-conditionformat程度条件格式8.3.1externalevaluation外部评估11.3.2；11.6externalqualifier外部修饰语5.5.2extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误来源11.6.3eyemovement眼部移动6.2.5\nFfacevalidity卷面效度11.6.3facilitation便利；促进11.5.4Fasold7.1.2；7.2.2；7.2.4feasibility可行性11.2.5feature特征5.5.2feedback反馈10.4.2felicitycondition适宜性条件；恰当条件8.1.1feminine阴性10.3.5fiction小说9.4.4；9.5.1figurativelanguage比喻性语言；象征性语言9.2.2figuresofspeech修辞手段；修辞格9.4.4Fillmore,C.J.12.5.1finiteelement有定成分12.2.3finite有定的；有限的4.4.2finitestategrammar有限状态语法12.4.3Firbas,J.12.1.3first-personnarrator第一人称叙述者9.4.1Firth,J.R.7.1.1；12.2Firthianphonology弗斯音系学12.2.3Fishman7.1.1flap闪音2.4.3flexibility灵活性；变通性11.6.4floppydisk软盘10.1.2Flower6.4.2focus焦点；中心2.9.2Fodor5.2.2folketymology俗词源学；民间词源3.3.3foregroundedfeatures突出特征9.4.4foregrounding突出；前景话9.2.1；9.2.3foreignlanguageteaching外语教学11form形式3.1.1；3.3.2；7.2.2；11；11.4.1；12.2.3formaldifference形式差异12.3.1formalization形式化12.3.3；12.4.7formation形成3.2formative构形成分；构词成分3.2.1freeform自由形式3.1.2freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言语9.4.2freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思想9.4.2freemorpheme自由语素3.2.1；4.3.1freerootmorpheme自由词根语素3.2.2freevariant自由变体2.8.3freeverse自由韵文9.3.4\nFrench法语3.3；4.1.1；9.5.1；10.2.3frequencyeffect频率效应6.2.1Freud12fricative（摩）擦音2.4.3；2.4.5；2.9.1friction摩擦2.4.3front舌面前；舌前的2.5.1fullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,FAHQT全自动高质量翻译10.2.1functionword功能词3.1.2function功能1.5；4.1；4.4.2functionalgrammar功能语法11.3.3；12.2.3functionallinguistics功能语言学11.2.4functionalsentenceperspective,FSP功能句子观12.1.3functionsoflanguage语言功能12.2.3fusion溶合3.3.1fuzzy模糊的10.3.5GGao7.1.4Garrett6.4.1；7.2.2；10.1.3genderdifference性别差异7.2.3gender4.1.1；10.3.5；12.2.3generallinguistics普通语言学12.3.3generalisation概括1.3.2；12.4.2generativegrammar生成语法12.4；12.4.6generativesemantics生成语言学12.5.1genitive属格；所有格4.1.1genre体裁；语类9.4.1；10.3.5German德语3.1.2；10.2.3given(information)已给信息4.4.2；9.4.1；12.1.3globaltask整体任务11.6.4glottal喉音2.4.4；2.4.5glottalstop喉塞音2.2goal目标12.2.3Gomulicki6.3.2governmenttheory支配理论12.4.6government支配4.1；4.1.3；4.3.3；8.2.3grammaticalanalysis语法分析4.4.1grammaticalfunction2.12;4.2.3;4.6.2grammaticalstructure语法结构11.2.2gradableantonymy分等级的反义关系5.3.2gradualopposition渐次对立12.1.2grammar语法3.1.1；3.2.4；11.4.1；12.2.3；12.3.3；12.4.2grammaticalcategory语法范畴12.3.3grammaticalconcept语法概念12.3.1\ngrammaticaldescription语法描写12.4.3grammaticalform语法形式9.2.1grammaticalmarker语法标记5.5.2grammaticalmeaning语法意义3.1.2；3.2.4grammaticalorganization语法组成9.4.4grammaticalpattern语法类型11.2.2grammaticalprocess语法过程12.3.1grammaticalrule语法规则8.3.3grammaticalsentencepattern,GSP语法句形12.1.3grammaticalstructure语法结构9.2.1；9.2.3；12.3.1grammaticalsubject语法主语4.4.2grammaticalsystem语法系统12.3.1grammaticalword语法词3.1.2；9.4.2graphiticform文字形式2.3.2Greek希腊语3.3.1；4；4.1.1；7.2.2；11.2.1Greenbergetal7.1.2Gregersen7.2.2Grice8；8.2；8.2.2；8.3.1；9.5.1GriceanmaximGrice准则8.3.1；9.4.2group词组12.2.3guttural腭音2.10Hhalf-rhyme半韵9.3.6Hall,R.2.11；12.3.3Halle,Morris12.5.1Halliday,M.A.K4.4.2；7.1.1；10；11.2.4；11.3.3；12.2；12.2.3hardpalate硬腭2.2；2.4.4Harris7.2.1Hartley1.8Hatzfeld,Helmet9.1Hayes6.4.2head中心词；中心成分4.2.3headedconstruction中心结构4.2.3heptameter七音步诗行9.3.3hierarchicalstructure等级结构4.2.2hierarchicalsystem等级系统12.4.3hierarchy等级体系1.3.2；3.1.1；3.1.2；12.3.3Higgins10.1.3high高（元音）2.5.1Hill,A12.3.3historicallinguistics历史语言学1.9.1；10.3.5Hockett,Charles2.8.2；4.2.3；3；12.3.3Holmes10.3.5\nholophrasticstage单词句阶段12.4.1homonym同音/形异议词12.2.1HopiHopi语7.1.1；7.1.2horizontalrelation链状关系4.2.1Hornscale霍恩阶8.3.3Horn,Lawrence8.3.2Householder8.3.2Hu11.2Huang,Yan8.3.3humancognitivesystem人类认知系统12.4.2humanlanguage人类语言1.3；12.4.1humanspeech人类言语6.4.1humantranslation人译10.2；10.2.6Humboldt,Wilhelm7.1.1Hutchins10.1.3Hymes,D.H.1.9.3；7.1.1；11.2.5；11.3.3hypercorrection矫枉过正11.5.4hyponym下义词5.3.2；5.4hyponymy下义关系5.3.3hypothesis假设11.2.3hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎12.4.2Iiamb抑扬格9.3.3iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗行9.3.3ICanalysis直接成分分析法4.2.2；12.4.2ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机辅助语言学习10.1.2ideational(function)概念功能1.4；4.4.2；12.2.3identifying认同的12.2.3idiom成语；习语2.1.3；10.3.5idiomatically-governed习语支配的7.1.3ill-formedsentences不合适的句子12.4.4illocutionaryact话中行为；施为性行为8.1.2illocutionaryforce言外作用；施为作用8.1.2imaginative(function)想象功能1.4；12.2.3immediacyassumption即时假定6.2.5immediateconstituentanalysis直接成分分析法4.2.2；4.3.1imperativerule祈使规则12.4.4imperative祈使语气；命令的4.4.2implicate意含8.2.2；8.2.3implication蕴涵；含义5.5.2；8.2.1；8.2.3；8.3.2implicationconnective蕴涵连接5.5.2implicature含义；言外之意7.1.3；8.2impliedmeaning蕴涵意义8.2.1\nimplosive内破裂音；内爆音2.2inanimate无生命的4.2.1inclusivenessrelation内包意义5.3indefinite不定的，无定的3.1.2indicative陈述式；陈述语气4.4.2indirectobject间接宾语6.2.4；12.1indirctspeech,IS间接言语9.4.2indirectthought,IT间接思想9.4.2Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语言1.9.3；3.1.2；12.3.1inference推论；推理5.5.2；6.3.1；8.3.1；9.4.4inferencedrawing推论6.3.1inferentialcommunication推论交际8.3.1infinitive不定式3.1.2；4.1.2infix中缀3.2.1inflection屈折（变化）3.1.2；3.2.3inflectionalaffix屈折词缀3.2.1inflectionalmorphology屈折形态学3.2.3inflectiveendings屈折结尾3.1.2informationretrieval信息检索1.8.4；10.4informationstructure信息结构10.4.3informative(function)信息功能1.5.1；12.2.3innateness先天性12.4.7innatenesshypothesis（语法）天赋假设12.4.1input输入10.4.2；11.4.2；12.4.1inputhypothesis语言输入说11.4.2instrumental(function)工具功能1.4；12.2.3integrativetest综合性测试11.6.4intensifier强调成分7.2.2intensive强调的；增强的12.2.3interactional(function)交互功能1.4；12.2.3interdental齿间音2.4.4interface界面1.8.4interference干扰11.5.4interjection感叹词1.4；3.1.3；9.5.1interlanguage中介语11.4.3；11.5.2interlingua国际语10.2.2interlingualapproach语际法10.2.2interlocutor会话者8.1.2internalevaluation内部评估11.3.2；11.6.2internalstructure内部结构4.2.2internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA国际音标2.10；2.3.2；2.3.2internet互联网10.2.4interpersonal人际的1.4；4.4.2interpersonalfunction人际功能1.5；1.5.2；12.2.3\ninterpretation解释12.4.7interrogativesentence疑问句4.4.2；4.3.1；7.2.2intonation语调2.11intra-linguisticrelation语言内关系5.3intransitive不及物的4.3.2intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内源11.6.3invariableword不变词3.1.2invention新创词语3.3.1inversion倒置，倒装3.1.2IPAchart国际音标图2.4.4；2.5.2IPSsymbol国际音标符号2.8.3irony讽刺；反话9.4.2isolatedopposition孤立对立12.1.2Italian意大利语3.3.1JJakobson,Roman1.4；4.4.2Japanese日语3.3.1；3.3.1；10.2.3jargon黑话；行语1.1Jesperson,Otto2.3.2；7.2.2Johnson&Johnson10Johnson6.4Jones,Daniel2.3.2；2.5.2；2.8.2；7.1.3KKatz,John4.3.2；5.5.2Kaufer6.4.2Kay,Paul7.1.2；10.2.3KennedyandGraeme10.3Kenyon,J.S.2.5.3kernelsentence核心句12.4.3keyword关键词10.4.3Kintsch6.3.2Kjelmer10.3.5Knott,T.A.2.5.3knowledge知识6.4.2；10.2.2knowninformation已知信息12.1.3Krashen11.4.2Kruszewski,Mikolaj2.8.2Kuno,Susumo4.3.3Llabel标示；标记4.2.2labial唇音2.10\nlabiodental唇齿音2.4.4；2.4.5Labov,William7.2.2Ladefoged2.5.3Lado11.6.3Lakoff7.2.2；12.5.1Lakoff&Johnson7.1.3Lancaster10.4language语言1；6；7.1；7.2；10；12.3.1languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语言习得机制12.4.1languageattitude语言态度7.2.3languagechoice语言选择7.2.3languagecomprehension语言理解6.2；3.1；6.4languagedata语言素材10languagelearning语言学习1.2；11；11.4；7.2.4languagemaintenance语言维护7.2.3languageprocessing语言处理6.3.1；6.4languagestructure语言结构12.4.7languagesystem语言系统2.1；12.4.1languageteaching语言教学7.1.4；7.2.4；11；12.2.3；12.3.2languageuniversal语言普遍性12.4.1languageuse语言使用7.1.1；7.2.2langue语言（系统）1.9.3；8.3.2Larsen-Freeman11.2larynx喉头2.2lateral边音；旁流音2.4.3；2.4.5Latin拉丁语3.1.2；3.3.1；3.3.2；4.1.1；4.2.3；11.2.1Latingrammar拉丁语法1.9.1；4.1.2；11.2.1laxvowel松元音2.5.3Leech,G.5；10.3.2；10.3.4length长度；音长2.1.2；2.5.1；2.5.4；12.2.2Lepschy,G.C.12.3.3letter字母2.3.1level层，级，平面1.3.2Levinson,Stephen8.3.3lexeme词位；词素3.1.1lexicalambiguity词汇歧义6.2.2lexicalchange词汇变化（3.3）lexicallevel词汇层12.2.2lexicalmeaning词汇意义3.1.2；3.2.4lexicalmorphology词汇形态学3.2.3lexicalstudies词汇研究10.3.5lexicalword词汇词3.1.2lexicogrammar词汇语法3.1.1；1.1；12.2.3lexicon词汇；词典3.2.3；4.3.2；4.3.3；12.4.5；12.5.1\nlexis词9.2.3；9.4.4liaison连音；连续3.1.4limerick打油诗9.3.4line诗行9.3.6linearphonology线性音系学2.11linearstructure线形结构4.2.2linguisticuniversity语言普遍性7.1.2linguisticbehaviour语言行为12.2.3linguisticbehaviourpotential语言行为潜势12.2.3linguisticcompetence语言能力11.2.3；11.6.3；12.4.1；12.4.2linguisticcontext语言语境；上下文12.2.2linguisticdata语言素材10.3.1；12.4.2linguisticdescription语言描写12.3.2；12.4.3linguisticdeterminism语言决定论7.1.1linguisticfacts语言事实12.4.3linguisticrelativity语言相对性7.1.1linguisticsexism语言性别歧视7.2.2linguisticstructure语言结构12.2.3；12.3.1linguistictheory语言理论11.7linguisticunit语言单位12.2.3linguisticuniversal语言普遍性10.2.2；12.4.1；12.4.7linguisticvariation语言变异7.2.2；7.2.3linguistics语言学1；4；11；12.3.1；12.4.3liprounding圆唇化2.5.1；2.5.2literallanguage本义语言9.2.2；9.2.3literarystylistics文学文体学9loantranslation翻译借词3.3loanblend混合借词3.3.1loanshift转移借词3.3.1loanword借词3.3.1localareanetworks,LAN局域网10.1.3locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言语行为8.1.2logicalcomponent逻辑成分12.4.5logicalconnective逻辑连词5.5.2logicalformcomponent逻辑式成分4.3.3logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表达12.4.5logicalformula逻辑公式5.5.2logicalfunction逻辑功能12.2.3logicalsemantics逻辑语义学5.5.2logicalstructure逻辑结构5.5.2logicalsubject逻辑主语4.4.2logophoricity词照应4.3.3LondonSchool伦敦学派12.2；12.2.3Long&Robinson11.4.1\nlongvowed长元音2.11.1；3.2.4；3.3.2lossofsound语音脱落3.3.2loudness响度2.12low底；下2.5.1Luhn10.4.3LuoChangpei12.2.3Lyons,John1.6；5.5.2Mmachinetranslation机器翻译1.8.4；10.2；12.2.3macrolinguistics宏观语言学1.8macroproposition宏观命题6.3.2macrostructure宏观结构6.3.2mainclause主句12.2.3Malinowski,Bronislaw1.5.5；4.4.2；7.1.1；12.2.2man-machinesymbiosis人机共生10.2.1mannermaxim方式准则8.2.1mannerofarticulation发音方式2.4.3；2.4.5marked标记的5.3.2；8.3.2；8.3.3；10.3.5masculine阳性10.3.5matalinguistic元语言学的4.4.2material(process)物质过程4.4.2；12.2.3mathematicalprinciples数学原理12.4.3Mathesius,V.12.1.1maxim准则8.2.2maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅音原则2.11.3McArthur,Tom10.3.1McCawley,J.8.3.2；12.5.1meaningpotential意义潜势7.1.1；11.3.3；12.2.3meaningshift转移3.3.3meaning意义1.3.2；1.7.5；5.0；5.1；8；12.2.3；12.2.3；12.3.1；12.3.3；12.4.3mental(processs)思维过程；心理过程4.4.2；12.2.3mentalism心灵主义12.4.7message信息1.4；9.4.1Mesthrie7.2.2metafunction元功能11.2.4；12.2.3；5.4metalinguistic元语言的1.4；8.3.2metaphor隐喻7.1.3；9.2.2metathesis换位（作用）3.3.2metonymy换喻；转喻9.2.2metre韵律9.3metricalpatterning韵律格式9.3.3microcomputer微机10microprocessor微处理器10\nmid中（元音）2.5.1；2.5.1Milic,Louis9.1Milroy7.2.2mind思维6minimalattachmenttheory最少接触理论6.2.3minimalpair最小对立体2.8.1；2.8.2minimalistprogram12.4.6minimumfreeform最小自由形式3.1.2；12.2.3mirrormaxim镜像准则8.3.3mistake错误11.5.1modalsubject语气主语4.4.2modalverb情态动词12.2.3modality情态12.2.3modernFrench现代法语9.5.1modification修饰4.3.2；6.4；10.3.2；12.5.1modifier修饰语4.2.3monomorphemic单语素的3.2.1monophonemic单音位的3.2.4monophthong单元音2.5.2monosyllabic单音节的2.12；2.11.1；3.2.4Motaguegrammar蒙太古语法5.5.2mood语气4.4.2；8.1.1；12.2.3morph形素；词素形式12.3.3morpheme语素；词素；形素1.3.1；3.1.1；3.2.1；3.2.4；4；4.3.1；12.4.3morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错误6.4.1morphemicshape词素形状3.2.4morphemicstructure词素结构3.2.4morphemictranscription词素标音3.2.4morphologicalchange形态变化3.3.3morphologicalrule形态规则3.2.1morphology形态学1.7.3；3.2.1；3.2.3；3.2.4morpho-phonemiccomponent形态音位成分4.3.1morphophonemics形态音位学3.2.4morphophonology形态音系学3.2.4morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法变化3.3.3mothertongue母语；本族语7.1.2；11.2.3；11.5.2；11.5.4；12.4.1motivation动因；动机1.2；7.1.4move（移动）4.3.3M-principleM原理8.3.3MT机器翻译10.2MTquality机译质量10.2.3multilateralopposition多边对立12.1.2multi-levelphonology多层次音系学2.11multilingualism多语制；多语现象7.2.3\nNnarratee被叙述者9.4.1narrator叙述者9.4.1narrator’srepresentationofspeechacts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’srepresentationofspeech,NRS言语的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’srepresentationofthoughtacts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表达9.4.2narrator’srepresentationofthought,NRT思维的叙述者表达9.4.2narrowtranscription窄式音标2.6.2；2.8.3narrowing狭窄化3.3.3nasal鼻音2.11.1；2.4.5nasalcavity鼻腔2.2；2.4.3nasalsound鼻音2.2；3.2.4nasalstop鼻塞音2.4.3nasaltract鼻道2.6nasality鼻音性2.6nasalization鼻音化2.9.1；2.9.2Nash,Walter9.5.3nativespeaker操本族语者11.5.2naturallanguage自然语言5.5.2naturalisticdata自然语料10.3.5near-adultgrammar近成人语法12.4.1negation否定；否定结构3.1.2；5.5.2；8.3.2；12.4.3negative否定的3.1.2；4.3.1negativeinterference负面干扰11.5.4negativemarker否定标记3.1.3negativetransfer负转移11.5.4neogrammarian新语法学家12network网络4.4.2networkcomputer网络计算机10.2.4neutralizableopposition可中立对立12.1.2newinformation新信息9.4.1newstylistics新文体学9.1Nida,Eugene1.5.4；7.1.1；7.1.3；7.1.4node节4.3.3nominalgroup名词词组3.1.2nominalization名词化4.3.1nominative主格4.1.1non-authenticinput非真实语料的输入11.4.2non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分析11.5.4non-conventionality非规约性8.2.3non-detachability非可分离性8.2.3non-linearphonology非线性音系学2.11non-linguisticentity非语言实体5.3\nnon-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞音2.2non-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语篇11.4.2non-reflexivepronoun非反身代词8.3.3nonsensewordstage无意义词语阶段12.4.1nonverbalcues非言语提示1.2norm规范5.3.2notationsystem标写系统2.3.2；2.5.3notion意念11.3.3notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能教学大纲11.3.3nounphrase名词短语4.2.3；4.3.1；6.2.3noun名词2.11；3.1.2；4.1；4.1.1；4.1.3；4.2.1；12.4.4；12.4.5numbersystem数字系统12.2.3number数字4.1.1；11.4.3；12.4.3OO’Barr&Atkins7.2.4object宾语4.1.3；4.2.1object-deletion宾语省略4.3.1objectivecase宾格3.3.3objectivity客观性11.6.3；12.3.3obligatory强制性12.3.3；12.4.3observationaladequacy观察充分性12.4.2abstruction阻塞2.4.1；2.5.1OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描仪10.2.1octametre八音步诗行9.3.3Ogden5.1Ohmann11.2.3OldEnglish古英语2.3.1；3.3.2one-placepredicate一位谓语5.5.2on-linetranslation在线翻译10.2.4onomatopoeia拟声词1.3.1；9.3.5onset节首辅音2.11openclass开放类3.1.2opensyllable开音节2.11.10operationalsystem操作系统10.4.2operative可操作性12.2.3operator操作词4.4.2oppositenessrelation对立关系5.3opposition对立12.1.2optimalrelevance最适宜关联8.3.1option选择12.2.3optional可选择的12.3.3；12.4.3oralcavity口腔2.2；2.4.1；2.4.3oralstop口阻塞音2.4.3\nordinalnumeral序数词3.1.2originoflanguage语言起源1.4orthography正字法2.3.1ostensivecommunication直示交际8.3.1output产出10.4.2；12.4.1overgeneralization过分法则化3.3.1；11.5.4Ppalatal腭音；舌面中音2.4.4；2.4.5palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音2.4.4palatalization（硬）腭化2.8.3Palmer7.1.1paradigm聚合体3.1.2；3.2.3paradigmaticrelation聚合关系4.2.1；4.3.2；4.4.2；12.1.2；12.2.2；12.2.3paraphrase释义；意译5.5.2；9.3.2；9.5.3parole言语1.9.3；8.3.2partofspeech词类3.1.2；4.1；10.3.4participant参与者11.3.2；12.2.3particle小品词；语助词3.1.2；12.4.3particulargrammar特定语的语法12.4..2partitive部分的；部分格3.1.2passivetransformation被动转换4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3passive(voice)被动语态4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3；12.4.4patterndrilltechnique句型操练法11.2.2pattern模式9.4.4patterning制定模式2.7pause停顿3.1.1；3.1.2；6.4.1peak（节）峰2.11.1perceptualspan感知时距6.2.5perfectionism完善主义10.2.1perfective完成体4.1.2performancetest语言运用测试11.6.4performance语言运用1.5.3；1.7.5；1.7.6；1.9.4；11.2.5performative(verb)行事性动词1.5.3；8.1.1；8.1.2perlocutionaryact话后行为8.1.2perseverativecoarticulation重复性协同发音2.6.1person人称7.1.1；9.4.1personal(function)自指性功能1.4；12.2.3pharyngeal咽头音；喉音2.4.4pharynx喉头2.2；2.4.4phatic(communion)寒暄交谈；交感性谈话1.4；1.5.5；4.4.2；12.2.1phone音素；音子2.8.3phonematicunit音声单位12.2.2phoneme音位1.7.2；2.8；2.8.2；3.2.4；4.2.1；12..2.2；12.3.3\nphoneticalphabet音标2.3.2phoneticformcomponent语音形式部分4.3.3phoneticsimilarity语音相似性2.8.3phoneticsymbol语音符号2.5.3phonetictranscription标音（法）2.3；2.6；2.8.3；phonetics语音学1.7.1；2.1；2.7；12.1.2phonologicalanalysis音位分析2.7；12.3.3phonologicalcomponent音位部分12.4.4phonologicallevel音系层12.2.2phonologicalprocess音位过程2.9phonologicalrepresentation音位表达12.4.5phonologicalrule音位规则2.9；12.4.5phonologicalstructure音位结构2.7；3.2.4phonologicalsystem音位系统3.3.2；11.2.2phonologicalvariant音位变体7.2.2phonology音系学1.7.2；2.7；2.10；3.2.4；12.1.2phrasalverb短语动词3.1.2；4.2.2phrase短语2.12；3.1.1phrasestructure短语结构4.3.1phrasestructuregrammar短语结构语法12.4.3phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结构规则4.3.1；4.3.2；12.4.3；12.4.5pidgin皮软语；洋泾滨语；不纯正外语7.2.3Pike,Kenneth12.3.3Pilliner11.6.3Pitch音高；声调高低2.12placeofarticulation发音部位2.4.4；2.4.5play剧本9.5plosion爆破2.4.3plosive爆破音；爆发音2.4.3plural复数4.1.1pluralism多元主义7.2.3plurality复数形式3.2.4poetic(function)诗学功能1.4；4.4.2；9.3.5poetry诗歌9.3.6；9.5.1polymorphemic(word)多语素词3.1.1；3.2.1polysyllabic多音节（词）3.2.4；2.11.1p