语言学复习大纲

语言学复习大纲

GeneralLinguisticsChapterOne1.Designfeaturesoflanguage(pp3-8)2.Functionsoflanguage(pp9-14)3.Whatislinguistics?(pp14-15)4.Importantdistinctionsinlinguistics(pp20-23)ChapterTwo5.Articulatoryphonetics,acousticphoneticsandperceptual(orauditory)phonetics(p24)6.Whatisphonology?Whatisthedifferencebetweenphoneticsandphonology?[Tip:Phonetics(=thestudyofsound)vs.Phonology(=thestudyofsoundpatterns)]7.Whatisaphone?Whatisaphoneme?Whatisanallophone?(p38-40)8.Whatareminimalpairs?(pp38-39)[Tip:Whentwodifferentphoneticformsareidenticalineverywayexceptforonesoundsegmentwhichoccursinthesame\nplaceinthestring,thetwoforms(i.e.,words)aresupposedtoforma“minimalpair”,e.g.,“pill”and“bill”,“pill”and“till”,“till”and“dill”,“till”and“kill”,etc.]9.Whatisfreevariation?(p41)[Tip:Iftwosoundsoccurringinthesameenvironmentdonotcontrast;namely,ifthesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotgenerateanewwordformbutmerelyadifferentpronunciationofthesameword,thetwosoundsthenaresaidtobein“freevariation”.P41.]10.Whatiscomplementarydistribution?(p40)11.Whatistheassimilation?(pp41-42)ChapterThree12.Whatismorpheme?Whatismorphology?Whatisallomorph?Whatisfreemorpheme?Whatisaboundmorpheme?(pp52-55)13.Whatisaroot?Whatisstem?Whatisanaffix?(pp53-54)14.Wordandlexicalitems(p57)15.Classificationofwords(pp59-61)16.Inflectionandderivation(pp61-62)ChapterFour\n17.Positionalrelation,relationofsubstitutability,andrelationofCo-occurrence(pp73-75)18.EndocentricandExocentricconstructions(pp78-79)19.Coordinationandsubordination(pp79-81)20.Subject,Predicate,andObject(p81,p83,p84)21.Recursiveness(pp90-91)[Tip:Repetitionorembeddingofthesamestructuralelementsinlanguage.]22.Cohesion(p92)ChapterFive23.ThereferentialTheory(pp95-96)24.Senserelations(Synonymy,AntonymyandHyponymy)(pp97-102)25.Semanticfeaturesorsemanticcomponents(p103)ChapterSix26.Whatiscognition?(pp115-116)27.Psycholinguistics(p117)28.Languageacquisition(pp118-119)29.Cognitivelinguistics(p129)30.Attention/Salience,Judgment/Comparison(figure/ground)\n(pp130-131)31.Imageschemas(134-135)32.Ontologicalmetaphor,StructuralMetaphorandOrientationalmetaphor(pp136-137)33.Metonymy(pp138-142)ChapterSeven34.Languageandculture(p146-147)35.Sapir-Whorfhypotheses,linguisticdeterminism,andlinguisticrelativity(pp149-150)36.Cultureinlanguageteachingclassroom.(p156)37.Cross-culturalcommunicationChapterEight38.PerformativesandConstatives(p172)39.Locutionaryact,IllocutionaryactandPerlocutionaryact(pp174-175)40.TheCooperativePrinciple(pp177-178)41.Violationofthemaxims(pp179-181)42.CharacteristicsofImplicature(pp181-184)\n