【英语】2018届二轮复习解读高考英语阅读理解四大题型学案（12页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习解读高考英语阅读理解四大题型学案（12页）

‎2018届二轮复习 解读高考英语阅读理解四大题型 ‎  英语高考卷中阅读理解占总分的约1/3，所占比重居各题型之首，是 “重中之重”，此部分的得分直接决定了整个试卷的分数层次，可谓“得阅读者得天下”。考试时由于学生在听力、语法、词汇、完型填空等各部分已花费了大约45分钟的时间，在阅读理解的答题过程中，就会出现耐力“临界点”，感觉注意力、理解力甚至心理都会受到影响。为此，复习阅读理解部分时应分清阅读理解的试题类型，采用不同的解题技巧。‎ ‎    阅读理解的基本解题步骤是预览题目，记住考察要点；浏览材料及复读阅读材料，寻找与问题有关的细节或内容。最后解答问题，确定答案。但根据不同的试题类型，可以有针对性地采取一些策略。阅读理解的常见题型有四大类：‎ ‎  一、细节理解题 ‎ ‎　　细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案，但有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计算、排序、判断、比较等。同往年一样，全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。‎ ‎　　（一）命题方式细节理解题常见的出题方式有以下几种：‎ ‎　　1.以when， where， what， which， who， how much， how many等疑问词开头引出的问题；‎ ‎　　2.是非判断题，题干中常有TRUE， NOT true或EXCEPT等；‎ ‎　　3.以According to …… 开头的提问方式；‎ ‎　　4.以填空题的形式出现的题干，在2007年高考题中出现的此类题目有：‎ ‎　　1） Certain animals change their choice of food when _______.‎ ‎　　2） Daylight Saving Time was introduced in Tasmania _______.‎ ‎　　3） The writer thought Amery “a fair game” because the boy _______.‎ ‎　　4） Mr. Dunlop established his business _______.‎ ‎　　（二）解题指导 ‎　　1. 应用文中的细节理解应用文，特别是广告，是阅读理解题中常见的一种体裁。广告简洁明快，语言精练，篇幅小、信息多。广告阅读题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是：先读题目，带着问题有针对性地阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。一般情况下，只要细心都会找到正确答案。‎ ‎　　2. 说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样，说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节，我们也可以采用”先看题，然后带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息“的办法答题。‎ ‎　　3. 记叙文中的细节理解故事、人物描写等记叙文体是阅读理解的考查重点之一。做这类题一般也可采用“寻读法”，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行分析对比，获取准确信息，找出正确答案。‎ ‎　　4. 细节理解题中的代词指代题代词指代题要求考生根据上、下文推测代词的指代意义。此类题一般是在人物或事物关系比较复杂的情况下使用，所以理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。‎ ‎　　（三）方法小结高考要求考生在规定的时间里处理大量的阅读材料，因此，掌握答题技巧，提高阅读速度就显得尤为重要。一般来说，解答细节理解题时都可采用“寻读法”。也就是说，考生不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索，快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节，恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。‎ ‎ 二、推理判断题     推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，在近年高考中所占比例有逐渐加大的趋势。‎ ‎    （一）命题方式在推理判断题题干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇，如infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，show等；有时提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的词，如probably，most likely，seem等。2009年高考英语中就出现了下面这些不同的命题方式：‎ ‎    1. We can infer from the text that humans and animals _______.‎ ‎    2. We can learn from the last paragraph that _______.‎ ‎    3. The author seems to believe that _______.‎ ‎    4. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir？‎ ‎    5. The author's attitude towards found photographs can be described as _______.‎ ‎    6. What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph？‎ ‎    7. The author will most probably agree that composers _______.‎ ‎    8. The main purpose of the text is to _______.‎ ‎    9. The author mentions his experience in Thailand to show that _______.‎ ‎    10. By telling the story of Karen， the author intends to _______.‎ ‎    11. Which of the following agrees with the writer's idea？‎ ‎    12. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.‎ ‎    （二）解题指导 ‎    1. 如何推断隐含意义做这类推理题时，要注意以下几点：首先，一定要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未知；其次，要全面分析已知信息，进行深层处理，不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全；最后，答案一般要依靠合理推理得出，而不能只选择文章中直接表述的信息为答案。‎ ‎    2. 如何推断态度和观点作者的态度、观点、意图往往隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中，考生应学会揣测和体会。在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。‎ ‎    3. 如何推断写作目的推测作者的写作目的，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者（to entertain）；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务（to ‎ persuade）；议论文的目的是要阐述论点（to argue）；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博见（to inform）。‎ ‎    4. 如何推断文章出处做这类推理题时，最重要的是要抓住各段的段落大意和文章的中心思想，这是推理的前提和基础。‎ ‎    5. 如何推断人物性格做这类题时一定要注意准确把握字里行间的意思，特别是要注意表达情感色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对推断人物性格的主导作用。‎ ‎    6. 如何推算数据解答此类题，关键是要善于捕捉有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用自己的数学知识，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎    三、猜测词义题 ‎ ‎    猜测词义题是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力，它包括对词、词组和句意的理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面。每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解和提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。‎ ‎    （一）命题方式猜测词义题常见的设问方式有以下几种：     1） Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “……”？     2） The underlined word “……” could best be replaced by _______.     3） In the …… paragraph， the underlined word “……” means （refers to） _______.     4） What is the meaning of the underlined word “……” in the first paragraph？     5） What does the underlined word “……” in Paragraph 3 mean？     6） The author uses the underlined phrase “……” to mean _______.‎ ‎    （二）解题指导阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都是有联系的，因此，我们可以利用语境和一定的技巧推测、判断某些生词的词义。一般来说，我们可以通过：     1）构词法；     2）同义、反义关系；     3）词的定义、解释和举例；     4）上、下文间意义的联系；     5）经验及生活常识等猜测词义。‎ ‎    1. 通过构词法猜测词义阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生、转化或合成的新词，我们可以依靠构词法方面的知识来猜测词义。如2005年广东卷中E篇有这样一个句子：It's a quiet， comfortable hotel overlooking （俯瞰） the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point.显然，uncommercialized是考纲词汇表以外的单词。但我们都知道，前缀un？鄄表示否定，后缀-ize意思是“使成为……”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是“‎ 未被商业化的”。     再看2004年全国卷ⅡB篇中这样一个句子：I had first known she was wrong， that her anxiety had clouded her judgment.我们都知道，cloud本为名词“云”，但这里却转化成及物动词，有“使模糊；使混乱”之意。英语里，象这种“旧词新义”的情况不胜枚举。     2. 通过同义、反义关系猜测词义在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或反义的词语，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。常见的引出同义词的词语有and， or， like， also， similarly等；常见的引出反义词的词语有：though， although， still， but， yet， instead， instead of， however， while， on the contrary， on the other hand， unlike， rather than等。     3. 通过定义、解释和举例猜测词义阅读文章中，特别是新闻报道及科普类文章中，生词后面往往有解释说明性的短语或句子，如that is， mean， stand for， namely， refer to， in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。还有些文章经常用举例来说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接词，如such as， like， for example等。     4. 通过上、下文间意义的联系猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。因此，我们可以利用上、下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而猜测词义。这是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。     5. 通过经验及生活常识猜测词义阅读理解中，有时我们可以运用自身的实际生活经验及生活常识，根据上、下文能读懂的部分，猜出词义。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎    四、主旨大意题 ‎    主旨大意题主要是考查考生对文章进行概括或总结的能力，它要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。研读近年高考阅读理解，我们会发现，命题者越来越注重考查学生把握全文和中心思想的能力，每年阅读理解中的主旨大意题多达5题左右。     （一）命题方式主旨大意题命题形式主要有三大类：一类是概括中心思想（main idea）型；一类是确定文章标题或主题（topic / title / headline）型；还有一类是问文章的写作目的（purpose）。近些年高考中常见的主旨大意题命题形式有：     1） What would be the best title for the text？     2） What is the topic of the text？     3） Which of the following best expresses the main idea？     4） The best title / headline for this passage might be ______.     5） The author‘s main purpose in writing the passage is ______.     6） Which of the following statements is best supported by the text？     7） Which of the following best summarizes the passage？     8） The main idea / The general idea / The main theme of this passage is ______. ‎ ‎    9） The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is ______.     （二）解题指导大部分文章都有主题句（topic sentence），主题句表达了文章的中心思想（main idea），找到了主题句，也就抓住了文章的主旨大意。因此，“主题句定位法”是解答主旨大意题的一种行之有效的方法。主题句呈现形式通常有以下几种：     1）在开头出现；     2）在结尾出现；     3）在开头和结尾同时出现，首尾呼应；     4）有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。     1. 通过开篇找主题不少文章（特别是说明文、议论文、新闻报道等）一开头便展示出文章的主题，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想。因此，要寻找这类文章的主旨大意就需研究文章的首句。     2. 通过结尾找主题有不少文章采用归纳法写作方式，即前面几段分述细节和解释说明，最后一段归纳要点、得出结论或概括主题。属于这种结构的文章的主题句一般安排在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。     3. 结合文章首、尾找主题采用“总——分——总”这种写作模式的文章英语里也不在少数。这类文章中，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点明主题，首尾呼应。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后句往往是前句的进一步的引申或发展。做这类题时，仔细阅读首、尾段是解题的关键。     4. 归纳总结找主题有些文章或段落无明显的主题句，只是从文章的字里行间暗示性地体现主题。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力有一定的要求。但必须注意，我们在概括总结主旨大意时既不能以偏概全，也不能过于宽泛，要恰如其分。‎ ‎ 胜在高三快乐高考徐峰认为，考试意义上的阅读理解不同于一般获取信息的阅读，它是一种定向理解，即要求考生在阅读短文后回答命题人设计的理解题，与考题无关的内容则可以不理解，理解正确率及能力强弱通过答题正确率鉴定。分析文章时，我们能看到文章是一个有主有次的有机整体，中心思想和细节信息，主题句和支持句构成了一篇结构严谨的文章，其实文章后面的题目又何尝不是如此呢。高考英语“阅读理解”题目的题干所涉及的多是文章的重要内容，几个小题的题干组合在一起基本上就是文章的提纲。    通常来说，高考阅读题目分为细节、推理、词汇和主旨题四大类，实际上是与《新课标》中对于阅读的六种具体能力相对应的。在一篇具体的文章后面，各种题型都会有所涉及，如果仔细研究各个题目之间的关系，就会对我们解题形成很好的启示作用。例如，我们在做题的时候，如果先把主旨题解决掉，就可以在剩下的细节题中紧密把握住文章主旨。之所以考这个细节而不是那个，就是因为此细节是重要信息，关乎文章的主旨，那我们在做题的时候要重视题目之间的关系，抓住这种提示作用为我所用，利用出题时的一些规律来反其道而行之进行题目解决。只有把握命题人的命题意图，了解他出题时处理短文的深度和角度；站在命题人角度去分析阅读理解题题型，并掌握不同题型的特点及答题要求，才能成就一个高分来 典题例析 ‎【练习1】‎ WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two of China's top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion (冠军) and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.‎ Wang Hao, who won the men's doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5, 11-9.‎ Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness (心理稳定) that made the difference. "I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well. This is the result."‎ Wang Hao said he has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的). The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.‎ ‎"I've come to understand that you can learn important lessons from failure," he said. "Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player." His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold medal at the London Olympics in 2012.‎ Liu Guoliang, head coach of China's table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Hao's victory. "This is just the beginning of his rise," said Liu. "It's the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress." ‎ ‎1. According to the passage, Wang Hao won _____ gold medals in the World Table Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.‎ A. only one B. two C. three D. four ‎2. From Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is ______.‎ ‎ A. his technical skills B. his physical training ‎ C. his mental toughness D. his past experience ‎3. What is the next goal of Wang Hao?‎ ‎ A. To win the title of the champion at the 2012 Olympics B. To beat Wang Liqin again ‎ C. To prove himself in the future competitions D. To win more golds in future ‎4. What can we learn from Wang Hao?‎ ‎ A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Never give up until you succeed.‎ ‎ C. Where there is a will, there is a way. D. A good beginning makes a good ending.‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ ‎1.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。‎ ‎【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采用查读法寻找答案。‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为B.‎ ‎2．【错解分析】典型错误A或B或是D。错因分析是没有抓住细节理解题的重点，审题不细。因为题干中有一个mainly.‎ ‎ 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。‎ ‎3．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析审题不清，D项也许是Wang Hao的远期目标，但是题干是the next goal。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“His next goal, or dream, is to win the gold ‎ medal at the London Olympics in 2012.”可知。注意审题。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。‎ ‎4．【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据文章中的内容来进行推理判断。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。‎ ‎【示例2】‎ Dear Hamilton,‎ ‎ We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than you.‎ ‎ You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’ personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.‎ ‎ It’s not only the collected-from who are growing uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outside the office, who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.‎ ‎ This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.‎ ‎ Thank you for understanding.‎ ‎63. The underlined word “contributions” probably means ________.‎ A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding ‎64. Hamilton is expected to _______.‎ A. show more kindness. B. discontinue the present practice C. quit being the organizer for gift giving D. know more about co-workers’ families ‎65. This is basically a letter of ________.‎ A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfaction 参考答案 ‎63.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析释不达意，胡乱猜测.‎ ‎　 【解题指导】本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的In the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.可猜测出contributions的意思为”礼金,份子”.‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为A.‎ ‎64.【错解分析】典型错误A. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面.‎ ‎【解题指导】本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据文章中的具体信息来推测,做到有根据的选答案,并且信息点一定要找准,防止张冠李戴.本题选择依据为倒数第二段中的” but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office setting.”‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为B.‎ ‎65.【错解分析】典型错误C. 错因分析 无视主题，以点带面.‎ ‎【解题指导】本题考查主旨大意. 这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子上，放在被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。并注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feels improper in today’s office setting.,以及最后一句话,因此答案为D项.‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为D.‎ ‎【练习2】‎ Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City. ‎ ‎    Solar City is located 80,000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japan’s sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help this program. ‎ ‎    People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. "We moved here because of the panels. It was something we wanted,” said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husband and two little children about four years ago.‎ ‎    It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope for the country. "People want solar energy,” said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar energy at the moment. All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010. In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is still a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy. ‎ ‎1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.‎ A. test the readers’ knowledge about solar energy ‎ B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic C. learn the situation that solar energy is used ‎ D. invite the readers to answer them ‎2. The third paragraph of the passage is mainly about ______.‎ ‎ A. the reason why people are moving into Solar City ‎ B. how the people are living in Solar City ‎ C. the things that people living in Solar City need ‎ D. the life experience from the people living in Solar City ‎3. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.‎ ‎ A. Japan is a country which is lacking in energy ‎ B. the solar panels are only useful in sunny days ‎ C. the Solar City program will be successful ‎ D. Solar City is a very modern big city 参考答案及解析：‎ ‎1．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目的，而非全篇的写作目的。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题,故选B。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为B。‎ ‎2．【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也有的要从段中自己提取的。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。‎ ‎3．【错解分析】典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行推断，而不是文中的原话。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in 2010.”可知。此项目的目的达到了。因此，C项正确。D项，可根据文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知，Solar City并不是一个大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。‎ ‎【示例3】‎ ‎     People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you’re wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms(体育馆). Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.‎ ‎    How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and (保护带) around your chest to hold you. There are ropes(绳索)tied to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall. A beginner’s wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it’s easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it’s not. The most difficult is an your fear. It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.‎ ‎    Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.‎ ‎64. What can we infer from the passage?‎ ‎   A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.‎ ‎   B. It is impossible to build up one’s body by climbing.‎ ‎   C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.‎ D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.‎ ‎65. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _______.‎ ‎   A. to tie ropes to your                 B. to control your fear C. to move away from the wall         D. to climb straight up ‎66. The word “workout” underlined in the last paragraph most probably means _________.‎ A. settlement           B. exercise       C. excitement        D. tiredness ‎67. Why does the author write this passage?‎ ‎   A. To tell people where to find gyms.       B. To prove the basic need for climbing ‎   C. To encourage people to climb mountains.   D. introduce the sport of wall climbing 参考答案及解析：‎ ‎64.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析片面理解，没有从全文的角度去看问题。‎ ‎　【解题指导】推理判断题. 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题属于从文章的主题进行的推论，因此从文章的第一段,第三段的首句可容易推知答案.‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为A.‎ ‎65.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析是脱离文章，而主观判断试题的答案。‎ ‎　【解题指导】细节理解题.从第二段倒数第三句” It’s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it’s difficult not to feel fear.”可知答案.细节理解题可通过查读法进行理解，是高考阅读题中较简单的题型，但是答案的依据一定要忠实于原文。‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为B.‎ ‎66.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析是脱离上下文，而采用了构词法来猜测生词的意思，因为work out意为“解决”，所以学生们会误以为workout的意思为A。‎ ‎　【解题指导】词义猜测题.根据“Climbing attracts people because it’s good exercise for almost everyone.”与” When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.”可知workout与exercise同义,表示”锻炼”.词义猜测时可以根据构词法来进行，但是也要符合上下文的语境。‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为B.‎ ‎67.【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析没有掌握作意图判断题的方法，以偏代全。‎ ‎　 【解题指导】意图判断题.意图判断题分具体内容的写作意图和篇章内容的写作意图，因此在答题要分析题干，如果文章的写作意图，就要结合文章的主旨来判断。本题就是结合全文可知,作者的写作意图旨在介绍室内攀岩运动.‎ ‎【答案】本题的正确选项为D.‎ ‎【练习3】‎ The only survivor of a shipwreck was washed up on a small, uninhabited island. He prayed feverishly for God to rescue him, and every day he scanned the horizon for help, but none seemed forthcoming.‎ Exhausted, he eventually managed to build a little hut out of driftwood to protect him from the elements, and to store his few possessions. But then one day, after looking for food, he arrived home to find his little hut in flames, the smoke rolling up to the sky.‎ The worst had happened; everything was lost.‎ He was stunned with grief and anger. "God how could you do this to me!" he cried.‎ Early the next day, however, he was awakened by the sound of a ship that was approaching the island. It had come to rescue him. "How did you know I was here?" asked the weary man of his rescuers. "We saw your smoke signal," they replied.‎ It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad.‎ But we shouldn't lose heart, because God is at work in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering.‎ Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal that summons the grace of God.‎ For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, God has a positive answer for it .‎ ‎1．The proper title of the passage is .‎ A．God Is Wherever We Need Him B．We should have a Positive Attitude to Life C．A Story Happened on An Uninhabited Island D．A Survivor Was How to Be Saved ‎2．After the survivor seeing his hut burning to the ground, he _________.‎ A．was very angry and frightened and didn’t sleep B．was very sad and disappointed and didn’t sleep C．was so angry and sad that he slept without consciousness ‎ D．was so surprised that he slept without consciousness ‎3．From the story we can infer _______.‎ A．that the survivor was a lucky dog B．God is a kind and considerable old man C．God is willing to help anyone who helps oneself D．You are what you eat ‎4. The meaning of the underlined part“ a smoke signal that summons the grace of God” may be___.‎ A．a smoke signal that shows God’s idea B．a piece of information that God sends out to inform rescuers. ‎ C．an order that God gives to punish the man who is in trouble D．a signal that shows God’s kindness to help the man in trouble ‎ 参考答案及解析：‎ ‎1．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：没有考虑到文章的主题。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看，C项比较全面，且能概括文章的内容。选择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图，在此基础上还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为C。‎ ‎2．【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析对于文章的细节处理解不到位。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章中的“He was stunned with grief and anger. "God how could you do this to me!" he cried.”可知。在做细节理解题时，一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案，找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为C.‎ ‎3．【错解分析】典型错误C.错因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出错误的结论。‎ ‎ 【解题指导】推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道，这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者，并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他却意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原亠，以文章提供的事实和线索想象，随意想象，更不能己自己的观点代替作者的观点。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为A。‎ ‎4．【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：释不达意，胡乱猜测 ‎ 【解题指导】句意的解释。grace 意为“恩泽”；summon 意为“传唤”；本句话的意思为“传唤上帝恩泽的一个烟信号”。因此，可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现的题型，要根据上下文来推测。‎ ‎ 【答案】本题的正确选项为D.‎