【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错解题技巧及典题练与析学案（16页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文改错解题技巧及典题练与析学案（16页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文改错解题技巧及典题练与析 一、分清错误的类型，对症下药 ‎1．缺词 短文改错中所缺的词常常是冠词、介词、代词等虚词，它通常与词的搭配相关，比如：见到名词，应考虑是否缺了冠词；见到动词，可注意后面是否少了应与之搭配的介词或其他词；见到某些固定表达，如in fact，as soon as等，应考虑是否完整；还有某些短语加冠词与不加冠词意义不同，如in front of，in the front of；某些短语加介词与不加介词用法不同，如：as a result，as a result of。高考常考点具体如下表所示：‎ 命题角度 考查点 解题思路 名词 冠词 名词前是否缺冠词 动词 介词或代词 不及物动词后是否缺介词，及物动词后是否缺少代词 不定式 不定式符号to 不定式中是否缺少了不该省略的不定式符号to 被动语态 助动词be 被动语态中是否缺少了助动词be 固定表达 习惯表达法 习惯表达法中是否漏了不可缺少的词 典型例题：‎ ‎①In the car park there Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 在as后加a。car是可数名词，此处表示“有一辆汽车冲了过来”，表泛指，故要用a。‎ ‎②For example，how many times have you walked out of a room and left the lights or television when no one else was there?‎ 答案及分析：‎ 在television后面加on。句意：例如，当那里没人的时候，有多少次你让电灯或电视开着就离开了房间？leave...on表示“让……开着”。‎ ‎③There was one in particular I’d always wanted.I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 在put后加it。及物动词put后缺少宾语，代替“我特别想要的那个玩具”要用it。‎ ‎2．多词 短文改错中多余的词常常是虚词，如冠词、介词、代词、副词、连词等。一种是根据涉及的名词、动词的特点等判断是否多了冠词、介词、副词或其他词；另一种是根据全句的结构和意义，判断是否多了连词或其他词。高考常考点具体如下表所示：‎ 命题角度 考查点 解题思路 名词 冠词 抽象名词、物质名词、复数名词表泛指是否多了冠词 动词 介词 及物动词后受母语影响是否多了介词 不定式 不定式符号to 不定式是否多了应该省略的不定式符号to 时间或地 点状语 介词 时间或地点状语中是否多用了介词 形容词、‎ 比较结构 形容词、副词比较结构中是否多了more或most 副词 固定表达 习惯表达法 习惯表达中是否画蛇添足 典型例题：‎ ‎①Otherwise，it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 把last前的to去掉。make表示“使，让”，后面接宾语补足语时，用省略to的不定式，构成make sb do sth结构。‎ ‎②Every one of us can make a great efforts to cut down the use of energy in our country.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 把great前的a去掉或者把efforts改为effort。固定表达make an effort或者make efforts表示“努力”。‎ ‎③I guessed，even at that age，I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or face my cousin again；I would always know I’d done something wrong.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 把enjoy后的to去掉。固定表达enjoy doing...表示“喜欢做某事”。‎ ‎3．错词 错词是短文改错题中最主要的错误类型，错词的情况最为复杂，大致可分为虚词选择错误，实词用法错误，同(近)义、形似词选择错误等。但常见的还是搭配错误与语法错误，特别是平时写作时常出的错误最易为命题者所关注，对于平时常常疏忽、易出错的地方要精心改正，做题时更要小心仔细。高考常考点具体见前面的第二部分短文改错错误类型分析。‎ 二、保持原意的原则 做题时应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能随便改变文章或作者所表达的意思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系，只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文逻辑关系错误进行改正，且小改不能大改。换词不能改意，加词不能增意，去词不能减意。如有多种改法，应以保持原意为条件，择其善者而从之。‎ 典型例题：‎ ‎①The more friends we have，the more we can learn for one another，and the more pleasure we can share together.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 将for改为from。固定表达learn from sb向某人学习，符合语境。也有同学把for改为about，learn about了解……的有关情况，但改变了原意，作者想说的是“相互学习”，而不是“相互了解情况”。‎ ‎②They finally dropped Gina off at her parents’ and made our own way home.‎ 答案及分析：‎ 将They改为We。根据语篇和后面的our own way和句意可知，这里指的是“我们”。也有同学把our改为their，但改变了原意，整篇文章叙述用的是第一人称，如果改成their就与语篇的人称不相符。‎ 典题演练 ‎【一】‎ My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.Though not very big，but the Restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times.Some People even had to wait outside.My uncle tells me that the key to his ‎ success is honest.Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking.My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.Instead，he hopes that our business will grow steady.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　考查宾语从句的连词用法。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句。从句谓语是不及物动词live。故用where引导。‎ 答案　that→where ‎2．解析　考查从属连词与并列连词。从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用。‎ 答案　去掉but ‎3．解析　考查语境中的时态运用。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般现在时。‎ 答案　had→ have ‎4．解析　考查名词作表语。由句意“他成功的关键是诚信”可知应当用名词形式。‎ 答案　honest→ honesty ‎5．解析　考查并列连词的用法。根据句意可知二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。‎ 答案　or→and ‎6．解析　考查固定短语的用法。be used for“用来做”，为固定短语。‎ 答案　using→used ‎7．解析　考查短语动词。固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth.的意思是“梦想做某事”。‎ 答案　在dreams之后加上of或about 资*源%库 ziyuanku.com8．解析　考查代词的用法。in a short period of time为固定词组，意思是“短时间内”。‎ 答案　the→a ‎9．解析　考查冠词的用法。短文介绍了my uncle诚信经营餐馆的事情，故将our改为his。‎ 答案　our→his ‎10．解析　考查副词的用法。修饰谓语动词用副词。‎ 答案　steady→steadily ‎【二】‎ The summer holiday is coming.My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.We can chose between staying at home and take a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.But in that case, we will learn little about world.If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　考查疑问词的用法。我和同学正在谈论假期里做什么。固定表达what to do，如果用how结构为how to do sth.‎ 答案　how→what ‎2．解析　考查动词形式。根据语法知识可知，情态动词can后要用动词原形。‎ 答案　chose→choose ‎3．解析　考查非谓语动词的用法。此处为between...and...结构，根据前面的staying at home可知，此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。‎ 答案　take→taking ‎4．解析　考查连词的用法。如果呆在家里，感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，此处应是并列关系，而不是转折关系。‎ 答案　but→and ‎5．解析　考查定冠词的用法。此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。‎ 答案　world前加the ‎6．解析　考查形容词性物主代词的用法。根据前面的主语we可知，此处要用our，表示“我们能够开阔我们的视野”。‎ 答案　your→our ‎$来&源：ziyuanku.com7．解析　考查不可数名词的用法。knowledge为不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ 答案　knowledges→knowledge ‎8．解析　考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句要用should do形式，should可以省略，故答案有两种改法。‎ 答案　去掉can或can→should ‎9．解析　考查一般现在时的用法。我认为这是一个好主意。根据上下文可知，此处并不是过去的看法，而是现在的看法。‎ 答案　thought→think ‎10．解析　考查代词的用法。这样不会花很多钱。cost much花费很多。此处也可理解为much money的省略。‎ 答案　many→much ‎【三】‎ The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.They were also ‎ the best and worse years in my life.At the first，I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.However，my parents didn’t seem to think such.They always tell me what to do and how to do it.At one time ，I ever felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college.At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.‎ 答案及解析 ‎【语篇导读】　本文主要讲述了青少与父母之间的关系。‎ ‎1．解析　此处指13～19 岁的年龄，故用复数。‎ 答案　year→years ‎2．解析　与前面的best并列，此处应用最高级。‎ 答案　worse→worst ‎3．解析　at first 固定短语。‎ 答案　去掉the ‎4．解析　根据句意，此处指“我自己”。‎ 答案　yourself→myself ‎5．解析　so 指已经提到的事。‎ 答案　such→so ‎6．解析　此处应用过去时态。‎ 答案　tell→told ‎7．解析　此处应用形容词作表语。‎ 答案　freely→free ‎8．解析　此处用动名词作介词的宾语。‎ 答案　wear→wearing ‎9．解析　固定搭配 leave for 去……。‎ 答案　to→for ‎10．解析　whenever引导状语从句，从句缺少主语I。‎ 答案　whenever后加I ‎【四】‎ It is Mother’s Day today.Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now.‎ Mom has a full－time job，so she has to do most of the houseworks.She is a great mother.Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.We get up early in the morning.Dad cleaned the house，and then went on shopping.When he came back，I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen.The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritest.At dinner，we said to her，“Happy Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　前后句之间为转折关系。‎ 答案　so→but ‎2．解析　housework是不可数名词。‎ 答案　houseworks→housework ‎3．解析　both...and是固定搭配。‎ 答案　or →and ‎4．解析　这里说的是发生在过去的事情，因此用一般过去时。‎ 答案　get→got ‎5．解析　go shopping去买东西。‎ 答案　去掉on ‎6．解析　爸爸去购物，从句主语是he，因此物主代词形式用his。‎ 答案　her→his ‎7．解析　上文虽未提及kitchen，但听话者一定知其所指，因此，kitchen前加定冠词。‎ 答案　kitchen前加the ‎8．解析　引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指物，用关系代词that/which，也可省略。‎ 答案　what→which/that或去掉what ‎9．解析　favorite 为无等级形容词。‎ 答案　favoritiest→favorite ‎10．解析　moving多用来修饰事物，moved用来指人。‎ 答案　moving→moved ‎【五】‎ When I was a very young children，my father created a regular practice I remember well years late.Every time he arrived home at end of the day，we’d greet her at the door.He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us.Then he and my ‎ mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.While they chat，my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.It was both excited and frightening to be up there!‎ My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　因为前面有不定冠词a，所以这里用单数。故children改成child。‎ 答案　children→child ‎2．解析　late是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接later”，表示“……时间以后”。故late改成later。‎ 答案　late→later ‎3．解析　at the end of 为固定搭配。‎ 答案　at后面加the ‎4．解析　根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用him指代my father，作greet的宾语。故her改成him。‎ 答案　her→him ‎5．解析　这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。‎ 答案　was→were ‎6．解析　pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。‎ 答案　knowing→know ‎7．解析　would do 表示“过去常常做”。‎ 答案　去掉had ‎8．解析　根据主句内容my father would lift my sister 可知while引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。故chat改成chatted。‎ 答案　chat→chatted ‎9．解析　on the top of...为固定搭配，意为“在……顶部”。故in改成on。‎ 答案　in→on ‎10．解析　这句话的主语是形式主语it，真正的主语是to be up there，主语是物的时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故excited改成exciting。‎ 答案　excited→exciting ‎【六】‎ When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，we’ll live to regret it.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　考查动词的时态。根据前面一句可知，这是发生在小时候的事情，故用一般过去时态。‎ 答案　think→thought ‎2．解析　考查冠词的用法。in the countryside (在乡村)为固定短语。‎ 答案　countryside前加the ‎3．解析　考查并列词的用法。那儿的空气洁净，群山葱绿。由句意可知两个分句之间显然为并列关系，而非选择关系。‎ 答案　or→and ‎4．解析　考查介词的用法。with the development of...为一固定短语，意思是“随着……的发展”。‎ 答案　on→with ‎5．解析　考查被动语态的用法。众多研究表明，全球变暖已经成为一个十分严重的问题。由句意可知，studies和谓语show之间为主动关系，故要用主动语态。‎ 答案　去掉been ‎6．解析　考查形容词的用法。修饰名词problem应当用形容词。‎ 答案　seriously→serious ‎7．解析　考查不可数名词的用法。air作“空气”讲时为不可数名词。‎ 答案　airs→air ‎8．解析　考查代词的用法。Animals为可数名词复数，故用many。‎ 答案　Much→Many ‎9．解析　考查情态动词的用法。情态动词后面要接动词原形。‎ 答案　found→find ‎10．解析　考查语境中代词的用法。依据前后句的语境及逻辑关系可知your与上下文相悖，结合句意应当改为our/the才能使句意通顺。‎ 答案　your→our ‎【七】‎ One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　考查名词复数。由第五句中的“his parents were missing.”可知此处应当用复数形式。‎ 答案　parent→parents ‎2．解析　考查介词的用法。玩具是摆放在商店的橱窗里面的，故用介词in。‎ 答案　on→in ‎3．解析　考查固定句型的用法。由语境可知，托尼非常喜欢这个玩具，于是快速走进商店。so...that...为固定句型，意思是“如此……以至于……”，故去掉very。‎ 答案　去掉very ‎4．解析　考查省略的用法。After之后省去了主语he，he与look at之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故应当用现在分词。‎ 答案　looks→looking ‎5．解析　考查宾语从句连接词的用法。动词found之后为宾语从句，从句为系表结构，意思完整，故将where去掉或改为没有词义且不作成分的that。‎ 答案　去掉where或where→that ‎6．解析　考查并列谓语的用法。由句子结构可知，begin与was ‎ scared并列，因此，要用一般过去时。‎ 答案　begun→began ‎7．解析　考查并列谓语的用法。有一位妇女看到他哭泣就告诉他去商店外面等。由句意可知，tell这一动作是这个妇女发出的，应当与saw构成并列谓语。故改用told。‎ 答案　telling→told ‎8．解析　考查冠词的用法。表示谈话双方共知的名词前要用定冠词。‎ 答案　a→the ‎9．解析　考查物主代词的用法。根据句意及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语相一致的物主代词。‎ 答案　saw后加his ‎10．解析　考查副词的用法。形容词worried之前要用副词来修饰。‎ 答案　terrible→terribly ‎【八】‎ My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.On the left－hand side of the class，I could easy see the football field.In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.Farther in the distance，I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains.On the right side of the class was the road.I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　考查名词的复数形式。前面有three修饰，故要用复数形式。‎ 答案　side→sides ‎2．解析　考查固定表达。be made of是指不经过加工，能直接看出原材料；be made from是指经过加工，不能直接看出原料。‎ 答案　from→of ‎3．解析　考查非谓语动词。动词enjoy后要接动名词作宾语。‎ 答案　sit→sitting ‎4．解析　考查形容词和副词的错用。修饰动词see要有副词形式。‎ 答案　easy→easily ‎5．解析　考查动词的时态。本文描述的是作者原来的旧教室，故要时态保持一致，用一般过去时。‎ 答案　is→was ‎6．解析　考查代词的错用。代替前面的单数a beautiful park要用it。‎ 答案　them→it ‎7．解析　考查逻辑关系。在更远处，我可以欣赏雪山的美景。‎ 答案　not去掉 ‎8．解析　考查固定表达。in a hurry匆匆忙忙。‎ 答案　in后加a ‎9．解析　考查非谓语动词。make sb do...使某人做某事。‎ 答案　felt→feel ‎10．解析　考查状语从句引导词。尽管在那座教室学习时我是唯一的一个孩子，但我将永远忘不了它。‎ 答案　If→Although/Though ‎【九】‎ My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.My mum makes the better biscuits in the world，so I decide to ask her for help.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself.I thought the biscuits were really well.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.‎ At a party，my coach，with a biscuit in his mouth，asked surprisingly who made them and joked，“I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.”‎ My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　last week上个星期，前面无需加冠词。‎ ‎$来&源：ziyuanku.com答案　去掉in ‎2．解析　something用在肯定句中，表示“一些事”，anything“任何事”。‎ 答案　anything→something ‎3．解析　我的妈妈做了世界上最好吃的饼干，此处不是比较含义，应是最高级(best)。‎ 答案　better→best ‎4．解析　全文的时态都是一般过去时，故把decide改为decided。‎ 答案　decide→decided ‎5．解析　根据前面的some，step应该是复数形式。‎ 答案　step→steps ‎6．解析　作表语的是形容词good，well是副词，作状语。‎ 答案　well→good ‎7．解析　我唯一所犯的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在地上一些。when/while当……的时候，after 在……之后。‎ 答案　after→when/while ‎8．解析　此处表特指，at the party 在晚会上。‎ 答案　a→the ‎9．解析　动词不定式表示目的，我也许得再退休一次，能吃到更多的饼干。‎ 答案　just后加to ‎10．解析　and连接两个并列的(动)名词，enjoy是动词，所以改成enjoying。‎ 答案　enjoy→enjoying ‎【十】‎ Hi, Janice，‎ It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.‎ As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here.We hang out together during lunch and after school.We’ve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.It’s ‎ been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.And I started to see this as a time－wasting activity! In fact，I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship.How do you think I should do? If you are me，would you talk to him?‎ Please help with me and give me some advice.‎ Grace 答案及解析 ‎1．解析　考查动词want的用法，want后用不定式作状语，故加上to。‎ 答案　want后加to ‎2．解析　考查时态。根据时间状语last time可知，此句需用一般过去时，故把tell改成told。句意：正如我上次告诉你的那样。‎ 答案　tell→told ‎3．解析　考查名词的复数。名词friend为可数名词，其前有three修饰，需要用复数形式，故把friend改成friends。句意：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。‎ 答案　friend→friends ‎4．解析　考查动名词作宾语。本句考查句型spend...(in)doing sth结构，故把sing改成singing。‎ 答案　sing→singing ‎5．解析　考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用much而非many。句意：那真的花费很多。‎ 答案　many→much ‎6．解析　考查连词。上一分句句意：我不想再去；下一分句句意：我怕失去他们的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把so改成but。‎ 答案　so→but ‎7．解析　考查疑问词的选择。本句中do之后缺少宾语，故用what。‎ 答案　How→What ‎8．解析　考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不符，故把are改成were。句意：如果你是我，……。‎ 答案　are→were ‎9．解析　考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用them。句意：你会和他们说吗？‎ 答案　him→them ‎10．解析　考查动词。动词help为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去掉with。句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。‎ 答案　去掉with