【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题非谓语动词考点学案（21页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题非谓语动词考点学案（21页word版）

2019 届二轮复习语法专题非谓语动词考点学案 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2017·6 月浙江高考)Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to_cook_(cook) a meal. 2．(2017·北京高考改编)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to_save (save) their valuable time. 3．(2017·天津高考改编)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing (allow) more patients to be treated. 4．(2017·江苏高考改编)Many Chinese brands, having_developed (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market. 5．(2018·河南洛阳大联考)When_asked_(ask) if she ever gets tired of green, Elizabeth Sweetheart said, “Oh no, never. It keeps getting better every day.” 6．(2018·山东烟台期中考试) Judging (judge) from the name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat. ——规则点拨 一、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓关系。在句子中可 以充当： 1．目的状语。动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式：to do, only to do (仅仅为 了), in order to, so as to, so (such) ...as to ...(如此……以便……)。 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他跑得飞快以便赶上第一班汽车。 2．结果状语。表示事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 He searched the room only to find nothing. 他搜了整个房间什么也没有找到。 3．原因状语。 The water is too cold to drink. (不用被动语态)水太凉了不能喝。 二、现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。在句子中 可以充当的成分： 1．时间状语。 Seeing Tom, I couldn't help thinking of his brother. 看见汤姆，我不禁想到了他的哥哥。 2．原因状语。 Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday. 因为生病了，他昨天没有去上学。 3．方式或伴随状语。 Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. 玛丽站在学校门口等贝蒂。 三、过去分词作状语 1．过去分词作状语表示被动的、已完成的动作。 Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。 2．有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动而表示主动。这样的 过去分词及短语常见的有 lost (迷路)，seated (坐), hidden (躲), stationed (驻扎), lost/absorbed in (沉溺于), born (出生于), dressed in (穿着), tired of (厌烦) 等。 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound. 因为陷于沉思之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 四、分词作状语的时态 1．非谓语动词在主句动作之前完成，和主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系用 having done。 Having seen the film twice, I refused his invitation to see the film. 看过两次了，我拒绝了他邀请我去看这部电影。 2．非谓语动词在主句动作之前完成，和主语之间是逻辑上的被动关系用 having been done。 Having been shown around the Water Cube, I was taken to visit the Bird's Net. 被带领着参观了水立方之后，我又被带着去参观了鸟巢。 [注意事项] 1．分词在句中作时间状语时，其前一般可加 when 或 while。 When crossing street, you must be careful. 穿过街道时你要加倍小心。 2．过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。 Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. 再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。(given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语 为主句主语 I，即 I 被再给一个小时) ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评) Finally I refused to attend classes, _shutting_(shut) myself in my room for hours. 2．(2018·河北石家庄二中联考)I want this precious opportunity very much to_improve_(improve) my organizational ability. 3 ． (2018· 河 北 唐 山 调 研 )What's worse, his wife abandoned him, leaving_(leave) him alone with his six­year­old younger son. 4．(2018·重庆南开中学月考)The village put up a special sign in May as part of a deal with Universal Studio_to_promote (promote) the movie. 5 ． (2014· 福 建 高 考 改 编 )Having_spent (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 非谓语动词作定 语 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空) 1 ． (2017· 天 津 高 考 改 编 )I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train_to_catch_(catch)． 2．(2017·北京高考改编) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants. 3．(2017·北京高考改编)Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time_spent (spend) with his students. ——规则点拨 一、动词不定式作定语 1．表示将来。 The bridge to be built here will bring great convenience to the local people. 这里将要建起的桥会给当地人带来很大的便利。 2．用来修饰被序数词、最高级或 no, all, any 等限定的中心词，且中心词与不 定式之间为主动关系。 He was the first man to land on the moon. 他是第一个登上月球的人。 3．很多抽象名词后可接不定式作定语，如 ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, campaign, chance, courage, decision, determination 等。 The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic. 竞争的压力使美国人精力充沛。 二、分词作定语 1．现在分词作定语。 (1)现在分词作定语时，如果和所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的被动关系时，用 being done 且后置。 The meeting being held will greatly affect the future of our company. 正在举行的会议将对我们公司将来的发展产生重大影响。 (2)现在分词作定语时，和所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，通常会出现分 词前置与分词后置两种情况： ①分词前置：当分词作定语放在名词之前时，往往表示事物正在发生的状态。 He rushed into the burning house. 他冲进着火的房子。 ②分词后置：当分词或分词短语位于所被修饰的词语之后时，往往可用定语从句 替代。 Who's the girl dancing with him? →Who is the girl that is dancing with him? 和他一起跳舞的女孩是谁？ 2．过去分词作定语。 过去分词作定语时，被修饰的词是该分词所表示行为的承受者。当过去分词作定 语时，在语态上通常表示“被动”和“完成”，单独的过去分词前置，过去分词 短语后置。 Local people invited to attend the meeting are very pleased to share their experience. 受邀请参加会议的当地人非常乐意分享他们的经验。 3．现在分词作定语和过去分词作定语的区别。 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含义。现在分词表示正在进行， 过去分词表示状态或完成的事。 Error! Error! [注意事项]　作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代 词是不定式动作的地点、工具等时，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. 布朗一家有个舒适的房子住着。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·湖北襄阳一次调研)Some day you may be either a speaker or a listener in a situation_involving_(involve) people from other countries. 2．(2018·山东临沂一模)“Don't travel during the holidays” is one golden rule followed (follow) by some friends for years, especially during the Spring Festival as the traffic is heavy. 3．(2018·江西九江一中月考) There are always lots of people in the street, and there is always something to_see (see) or do. 4．(2018·江西红色六校联考)The ability to_express (express) one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college. 5 ． (2018· 江 西 师 大 附 中 月 考 )A castle is a type of fortified structure_built_(build) in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages. 非谓语动词作宾 语 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating_ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 2．(2018·湖北荆门调研)We didn't speak to each other after that, and I didn't get close to anyone for fear of being_hurt (hurt) again. ——规则点拨 一、动词不定式作宾语 1．作某些动词的宾语。 afford (付得起), agree (同意), aim (力求做到), appear (显得), arrange (安 排), ask (要求), attempt (试图), care (想要), choose (决定), claim (声 称), decide (决定), demand (要求), determine (决心)等等。 2．动词＋疑问词＋不定式。常见的此类动词有： decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 等。 There are so many kinds of tape­recorders on sale that I can't decide which to buy. 有这么多的录音机在出售，我拿不定主意买哪一种。 二、现在分词作宾语 1．作及物动词的宾语。 She likes drawing very much. 她很喜欢画画。 2．作某些短语动词的宾语。 Mary is thinking of going back to New York. 玛丽正考虑回纽约。 3．“do＋限定词(my, some, any, the 等)＋动词­ing”，表示“做……”。 We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. 星期六下午我们常大扫除。 4．作介词的宾语。 Her sister is good at learning physics. 她姐姐擅长学物理。 [注意事项] 1．当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语 it 代替不定式，再把不定式 置于补语之后，即：主语＋动词＋it＋补语＋to do 句式。 We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 我们认为学好一门外语很重要。 2．动词­ing 作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用 it 作形式宾语，而将作宾语的动 词­ing 后置。 We found it no good talking like that. 我们认为那样谈话是没有用的。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1 ． (2018· 江 西 高 三 第 二 次 联 考 )As we pulled away, I fell that I needed_to_help (help) her. 2．(2018·福建龙岩五校期中考试)Very often, opportunities come quietly and go by without being_noticed (notice). 3．(2018·江西九江一中月考) You can spend a lot of time taking_(take) pictures in front of the great hotels. 4．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)Embarrassed at being_seen_(see) such an emotional mess, I turned my head away and hoped to hurry past. 非谓语动词作宾语补足 语 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·福建龙岩质检)Listen! Do you hear someone calling (call) for help? 2．(2018·河南八市重点高中质检)Researchers have found out that some female sharks may have got themselves_lost_(lose) during the Ice Age. ——规则点拨 一、动词不定式作宾语补足语 1．动词＋宾语＋不定式(to do)。 Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 2．to be 的不定式结构作补语。 We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 3．to be＋形容词。 The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4．在“with/without＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中，若宾语补足语是不定式， 不定式所表示的动作将要发生，且句子的主语是该动作逻辑上的执行者，此时不 定式须用主动式。 With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly­elected president is having a hard time. 有很多的问题要解决，这位新当选的总统会有一个艰难时期。 二、过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词作宾语补足语，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的被动关系。 能够接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有以下四类： 1．表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如 see, watch, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think 等。 I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 2．表示“致使”意义的动词，如 have, make, get, keep, leave 等。 I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 3．表示思维活动的动词，如 consider, know, think 等。 I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 4．表示爱憎、意愿的动词，如 want, wish, like, hate 等。 I want two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 三、现在分词作宾语补足语 当动词­ing 在复合宾语中作宾语补足语时，句中宾语就是这个动词­ing 的逻辑 主语，可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有 see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep 等。 We can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 我们能够看见蒸汽从这些湿衣服上升起来。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·山西实验中学联考)I once found my cellphone missing (miss) during my stay in the city. 2．(2018·辽宁葫芦岛六校协作体考试)Food is the fuel that helps keep the body running_(run). 3 ． (2018· 长 春 十 一 中 期 中 )First, contact the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) at once and ask them to_stop (stop) the fake account at once. 4．(2018·龙泉中学、宜昌一中联考)You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts organized (organize), and how they understand things. 非谓语动词作主语和表 语 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2017·6 月浙江高考)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got_swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, where it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. 2 ． (2018· 江 西 九 江 十 校 二 次 联 考 ) But conservationists say that making_(make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more illegal hunting. 3．(2016·6 月浙江高考改编)—Are you sure you're ready for the test? —No problem, I'm well prepared (prepare) for it. ——规则点拨 一、非谓语动词作主语 1．动词不定式作主语。 不定式作主语，一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用 it 作形式主语，而不定式是 真正的主语，放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 To climb the mountain is hard work but to go down the mountain is great fun. 上山很艰难，下山却很好玩。 It is not easy to find your way around the town. 在这个小镇要找到路很不容易。 2．动词­ing 形式作主语。 动词­ing 形式作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用 it 作形式主语，而将作主语的 动词­ing 后置。 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 It is no good/no use/no pleasure doing sth. 做……没有好处/没有用处/没有乐趣 二、非谓语动词作表语 1．动词不定式作表语。 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。 (1)当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，一是结果。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。 (2)当主语是以 aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion 等 为中心词的名词词组或以 what 引导的名词性从句时，不定式用于说明主语的内 容。 My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. 我的主要目的是指出这件事的困难。 2．动名词作表语。 (1)有些动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换。 Our work is serving the people. →Serving the people is our work. 为人民服务是我们的工作。 (2)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质、特点。 The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting. 王先生讲的故事很有趣。 3．过去分词作表语。 (1)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状 态，而被动语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我妹妹打碎的。(被动语态，表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆现在是关门的。(过去分词作表语，表示状态) (2)过去分词表示被动或完成，动词­ing 形式表示主动或进行。 (3)有些动词，如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等的过去分词表 示一种情绪和状态。 The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。 [注意事项] 1．不定式作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2．be to do sth.可以表示将来时态。 You are to meet him at the airport tomorrow. 明天你要到机场见他。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1 ． (2018· 江 西 红 色 七 校 一 联 ) It is shocking_(shock) that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes. 2．(2018·湖南浏阳一中，攸县一中高三联考) All of a sudden, her handicap was gone_(go) and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life was all about. 3．(2018·辽宁铁岭协作体一模) Above all, I have come to understand that bringing_(bring) happiness to others is getting ourselves happiness. 独立主格结构和 with 的复合结 构 ——典题尝试(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·山西重点中学协作体一模)With all the porridge_eaten (eat) up, he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat. 2．(2018·福建龙岩质检) It is in the coldest part of winter, with the wind howling (howl) outside. ——规则点拨 一、独立主格结构的构成 前后主语不一致时，作状语的非谓语动词需有自己的逻辑主语，此时的 “n./pron.＋doing/done/to do/adj./adv./n./prep.短语”，就是独立主格结构。 It being Sunday, we needn't go to school. 因为是星期天，我们不用上学。 二、独立主格结构的构成含义 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或即将发生，动词­ed 形式表示动作已经结束，动 词­ing 形式往往表示动作正在进行。 The manager looks worried, many things to settle. 有这么多的事情要处理，经理看上去很着急。 The manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 许多事情处理好了，经理看上去很轻松。 The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV. 做饭时，这个小男孩正在看电视。 三、独立主格结构的特点 1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在，一般用逗号与主 句分开。 2．n./pron.与后面的 doing/done/to do/adj./adv./n./prep.短语之间是主动关 系。 四、with 和 without 引导的独立主格结构 with/without 复合结构既可看作介词短语，在句子中作定语；也可看作独立主 格结构，常在句中充当状语。其结构为： with＋宾语＋Error! 五、独立主格结构的句法功能 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以 作定语。 My shoes removed, I entered a low­ceilinged room. 我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间。(作时间状语) He is the person with a lot of questions to be settled. 他就是有许多问题要解决的那个人。(作定语) [注意事项] 1．有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，作为习惯用法。 generally speaking (总的说来), judging from (从……判断), supposing (假设) 等。 2．有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句中作独立成 分。这些短语有 to be honest (老实说), to be sure (确实), to tell you the truth (说实话), to be frank (坦率地说), to make matters/things worse (更糟糕的是)等。 ——对点演练(单句语法填空) 1．(2018·广东揭阳调研) With TV, movies, computers, and video games becoming (become) more and more popular, it has become much easier for teens to be by themselves rather than going out with friends. 2．With two children attending (attend) high school in the nearby town, the farmer couple have to work from morning till night. 3 ． The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already laid_(lay) for a meal to be cooked. 4 ． I will probably miss the train with no one_to_wake_(wake) me up that day. 5．The last plane_having_left (leave), they had to stay in the hotel for another night. 一、非谓语动词在语法填空中的命题点 1．考查非谓语动词的句法功能 Everyone likes making jokes about others but no one enjoy ________ (laugh) at. 解析：being laughed　laughed 空格前面是动词 enjoy，后面的动词应使用 v.­ing 形式，laugh 与主语之间又是被动关系，因此应填 being laughed。此处 为动名词作宾语。 2．考查固定搭配 ①(2018·洛阳质检) ________(dress) in black, he was playing with a smartphone while eating. 解析：Dressed　 be dressed in 为固定搭配，表示“穿着……的衣服”。 ②(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)It took years of work ________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 解析：to reduce　根据固定句式：It takes sb.some time to do sth.“花了某人 一段时间做某事”，可知此处填不定式 to reduce。 3．考查逻辑关系 ①(2018·福建龙岩质检) Nowadays there are some students_________ (use) cellphones to copy teachers' lecture notes. 解析：using　此处指使用手机的学生们。由于 students 和动词 use 之间是主动 关系，故应该使用 using 作定语修饰名词 students，相当于定语从句“who use cellphones to copy teachers' lecture notes”。 ②(2015·全国卷 Ⅰ )Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers ________ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 解析：conducted　句意：阳朔真的很美。网站 TripAdvisor 进行的一项调查把 阳朔列为世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用过去分词 作定语，表示被动关系，修饰名词 study。 二、非谓语动词在短文改错中的命题点 1．谓语动词与非谓语动词的错用 示例 (2015·浙江高考)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.答案：sit→sitting 点拨 句中已经有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语 动词。 2．过去分词与现在分词的错用 示例 ①(2013·陕西高考)Felt hungry, we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.答案：Felt→Feeling ②(2013·浙江高考)I am awfully tiring, but I know I'll never fall asleep.答案：tiring→tired 点拨 ①现在分词表示主动、进行；过去分词表示被动、完成； ②现在分词转化的形容词表示“令人……的”，常修饰物； 而过去分词转化的形容词表示“感到……的”，常修饰人。 3．不定式符号 to 的多余 示例 (2013·四川高考)Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers.答案：去掉 her 后的 to 点拨 在感官动词和使役动词(get 除外)后面用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补 足语。 4．不定式符号 to 的缺失 示例 ①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables! 答案：students 后加 to ②(2015·四川高考)It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing.答案：want 后加 to 点拨 ①invite sb. to do sth.为固定搭配。 ②有些动词，如 want, decide, plan 等后应接带 to 的动词不定式作宾 语。 5．对 to 是介词还是不定式符号的误判 示例 (2014·辽宁高考)It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she's outside.答案： understanding→understand 点拨 不定式符号 to 后接动词原形，另外应特别注意含有介词 to 的短语， 如 look forward to, get used to, the key to 等，它们后跟动词 时需用动词的­ing 形式。 三、非谓语动词在书面表达中的增分点 [增分技法] 1．正确选择不定式或动名词作主语。 如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是必须的。 Learning English well is a must if you want to be admitted to a key college. 2．用好非谓语作定语。 ①解决这个问题的最好办法是依靠你自己。 The best way to solve the problem is to depend on yourself. ②要实施的这个工程将会对这个地区的经济很有好处。 The project to be carried out will be beneficial to the economy of this area. 3．使用非谓语作状语，轻松写高级句式。 ①因此，他这次考试考得非常好，在班级排第一名。 As a result, he did very well in the exam, ranking first in his class. ②我相信，你要赶上别人，不会有什么困难。 I am sure you will have no trouble catching up with others. 4．用好动名词复合结构和动词不定式复合结构。 ①我想学法律专业，但我的父母亲却坚持让我学医。 I would like to major in law, but my parents insist on me/my learning medicine. ②我还清楚地记得你带着我们参观你们城市的情形，我真的很感激。 I still remember clearly your/you showing us around your city and I really appreciate it. 5．使用省略句(连词＋非谓语)来提高句式档次。 ①如果可能的话，我要去外国深造。 I will go abroad for further study if possible. ②那里的风景比预想的还要好。 The scenery there is more fantastic than expected. [巧用增分] ①事实上，我认为没有比这更糟糕的了，如果你不介意我这样说的话。(in fact, mind) In_fact,_nothing_is_worse_than_that,_if_you_don't_mind_me/my_saying_s o. ②考虑到各方面情况，我认为这是解决这个问题的合适的办法。(all things, consider, an appropriate approach to, solve the problem) All_things_considered,_I_think_this_is_an_appropriate_approach_to_sol ving_the_problem. ③我每次给他们写信，要求道歉，却被告知那不是他们的错。(write to, only to be told, fault) Every_time_I_write_to_them_asking_for_an_apology,_only_to_be_told_tha t_it_was_not_their_fault. [题点对点练] Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．It is certain that having a trip abroad is good for the old couple, but it remains to_be_seen (see) whether they will enjoy it. 2．The child playing (play) over there is my brother. 3．It can be cheaper to buy a new washing machine than to get your old one_repaired (repair)． 4．Having_tried_(try) out different ideas, we are now getting closer to the answer. 5 ． After driving all night we got to Amy's place, only to_discover (discover) that she was away. 6 ． Life is like riding a bicycle. To_keep (keep) your balance, you must keep moving. 7．Given (give) another 10 days, we are sure to complete repairing the machine. Ⅱ.单句改错 1．(2018·河南豫南九校质量考评) In addition, attracting by interesting topics, you are free to get involved in the weekly discussion._attracting→attracted 2．In the night we stayed in a cave hotel.I couldn't do anything but to sleep.去掉 to 3 ． When I was a child, I spent more than ten years learn the violin.learn→learning 4．(2018·湖北荆门调研考试) When I was in Grade 5, I met a teacher who made me remembered her forever.remembered→remember 5．(2018·山东临沂一模)You can make more friends from different parts of the country by serve them when working there. serve→serving Ⅲ.单句写作 1．为什么不试着坐火车去呢？坐火车既舒适又安全。(why not, try doing, comfortable and safe) Why_not_try_travelling_on_a_train_for_a_change ？ It's_comfortable_and_safe. 2．不要担心我。我现在已经习惯了独立生活，虽然我过去在几乎所有的事情上 都依靠我的父母。(worry about, get used to, used to, depend on) Don't_worry_about_me.I_have_got_used_to_living_on_my_own,_although_I_ used_to_depend_on_my_parents_a_lot_in_almost_everything. 3．我想集中注意力学习，但我整天总是情不自禁地想起这件事。(concentrate on, can't help, keep on thinking about it) I_try_to_concentrate_on_my_studies,_but_I_can't_help_keeping_on_think ing_about_it_all_day. 4．我写信申请昨天 China Daily 上所登广告的那个职位。(apply for the position, advertise) I_am_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_advertised_in_yesterday's_Chin a_Daily. 5．三分之二被采访的学生说他们赞成这个主意。(two thirds, interview, in favor of) Two_thirds_of_the_students_interviewed_say_they_are_in_favor_of_the_i dea. [题型综合练] Ⅰ.语法填空 (2018·河北五校质量检测)I can well remember that I was once asked to deliver a speech titled “A Real Test in My Life” before the whole class at the age of 9.You can imagine how __1__ (terrible) shy I was with so many eyes __2__ (fix) on me.I had no choice but to prepare for it, though.First of all, I was to draft the speech, which __3__ (be) just a piece of cake for me, a good writer.But the hardest part __4__ (lie) in my oral presentation from my memory — for to read from the paper was not allowed.The real moment began __5__ I stood on the platform with my legs trembling and my mind blank.But my listeners were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.Gradually I found myself back, __6__ (deliver) my speech with difficulty.After what seemed to be a hundred years, I found my audience applauding — I made __7__！ From then on, my fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually with my__8__ (confident) building up, I now turn out to be a great speaker.Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way __9__ success is our fear.Overcome it __10__we will be able to achieve our goals. 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者第一次公开演讲的故事。 1．terribly　修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词 terribly 修饰形容词 shy。 2．fixed　fix 和 eyes 构成被动关系，故用过去分词 fixed 作宾补。 3．was　which 指代“to draft the speech”，表示单数概念，且此处叙述的是 过去的事情，故谓语动词用 was。 4．lay　此处是在叙述过去的事实情况，故用一般过去时，主语与 lie 为主动关 系，故此处应用 lie(存在，在于)的一般过去式，即 lay。 5．when　when 引导时间状语从句，在从句中作时间状语，与“The real moment”相呼应。 6．delivering　deliver 和句子主语 I 构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词 的一般主动式作伴随状语。 7．it　make it 意为“获得成功，做到”，为固定搭配。 8．confidence　由形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应用名词形式，即confidence。 9．to　on one's way to ...意为“在去……的路上”，为固定搭配，故用介词 to。 10．and　空格所在句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，故用连词 and, and 表 示正向结果。 Ⅱ.短文改错 (2018·辽宁沈阳模拟)Today we had the honor of being inviting Professor Hudson, a foreign teacher in Peking University, to give us an English lesson. All of us deeply impressed by this unforgettable English lesson. The professor began the class with an amusing English story, which attracted our attentions at once. He spoke slowly but clearly so that we could follow him well. Greatly inspired, most of us take an active part in classroom activities. After class, many students interviewed spoke high of him. They said never before had they experienced so interesting the class. From their lesson, we came to a conclusion why it is not so difficult to learn English if we find a good way. 答案：第一句：去掉 being; in→from 第二句：us 后加 were 第三句：attentions→attention 第四句：but→and 第五句：take→took 第六句：high→highly 第七句：the→a 第八句：their→his; why→that