2019届二轮复习语法专题介词和动词短语课件（117张）

2019届二轮复习语法专题介词和动词短语课件（117张）

考点一 介词 一、方位介词 1.图解方位介词 考点 清单     The flag is beyond the mountain.It is beyond my reach/not within my reach. 2019 届二轮复习语法专题 介词和动词短语 The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it. 那只小老鼠在桌子底下,因此不容易找到它。 The Great Wall winds its way from west to east,across deserts,over moun- tains,through valleys,till at last it reaches the sea. 长城从西向东穿过沙漠,跨过高山,穿过深谷,蜿蜒而行,直到最后到达大 海。 题组训练·用介词完成句子 ①The sunlight came in 　through     (穿过)the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room. ②Who is the boy 　beside     (在 …… 旁边)you? among 用于三者或三者以上的“在 …… 中” I ' ll have to search among the papers to find it. 我必须查找这些文件以找到它。 China is among the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一。 between 一般用于两者之间 I sat between two girls.我坐在两个女孩的中间。 2.among,between 注意     在下列情况中,between 可用于三者或三者以上: (1) 当两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时 。 between A,B and C 在 A、B和C之间 (2)三者或三者以上的人或物两两之间关系。 Don ' t eat between meals.正餐之间不要吃零食。 (3)表示“通过共同努力,一起”时。 Between them they landed the fish.他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。 (4)在 divide,share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者 或三者以上的复数名词时,用 among 和 between均可。 He divided his money among/between his five sons. 他把钱分给了他的5个儿子。 题组训练 · 用介词 between,among 填空 ③ Some students often listen to music 　 between     classes to refresh them- selves. ④Four Chinese models were 　 among     the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition. 3.in,on 二者均可表示“在 …… 上”,描述两个物体的接触情况。 on侧重于表面 接触,而in侧重于接触的深度 。英语中的某些习惯表达常用in或on。若 打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in,而打击头、额头、鼻、 耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时,用on。表示树本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、 果等,用on the tree,但表示树本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用in the tree,意指被枝叶遮掩其中。 We found a square hole in the wall. 我们发现墙上有个方洞。 The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him. 老师轻轻拍着那个男孩儿的头安慰他。 There are lots of apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。 题组训练·用介词in,on填空 ⑤There is a map of the world 　on     the wall. ⑥Birds are singing 　in     the tree. 4.across,through across 强调从物体的表面穿过,意为“from one side to the other side of(sth.)” through 表示从物体的内部通过 【比较】     此外,across与静态动词连用时表示“在(街、河等)对面”或“在(身体 某部位)上”。 The school is across the river.学校在河的对岸。 He has a giant scar across his chest.他胸前有块巨大的伤疤。 题组训练·用介词across,through填空 ⑦My house is just 　across     the street. ⑧Water will be pumped 　through     a pipe. 5.over,above;under,below (1)over和above都有“在 …… 之上”的意思, 但over往往表示“在 …… 的正上方”,其反义词为under,而above往往表示“在 …… 的斜上方”, 其反义词为below。over还可表示“(部分或全部覆盖)在 …… 上面” 。 You can ' t wear a blue jacket over that shirt.It ' ll look terrible. 你不能把一件蓝夹克穿在那件衬衫外面。那将会很难看。 (2)over和above都可以表示“(在数量上)多于”的意思,但above一般用 于表示与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事物,而over则表示“多于”, 相当于more than,其反义词是under(=less than)。 1,000 meters above sea level 海拔1,000米 two degrees above zero 零上2度 He ' s over fifty.他已年过半百。 It ' s under a mile from here to the post office. 此处距邮局不足一英里。 (3)above表示“(级别、地位、重要性等)高于 …… ”,over则强调“能控 制、有权威”等。 He always puts his students above everything. 他总是把自己的学生置于一切事情之上。 He has little control over his emotions.他几乎不能控制自己的感情。 题组训练·用介词over,above完成句子 ⑨She ' s been here for 　over   two hours. 她在这里已超过两个小时了。 ⑩She put a carpet 　over     the sleeping child. 她把一张毯子盖在了睡着的孩子身上。   He is 　above     average intelligence. 他的智力在一般水平以上。 6.in,on,to,off in 表示在某范围之内 Ningbo is in the east of Zhejiang Province.宁波在浙江省的东部。 on 强调“毗邻”“接壤” Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.(接壤)蒙古在/位于中国的北边。 to 强调在某范围之外,不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东边。 off 强调两地之间有一小段距离 The house is off the main road.那座房子在主路的旁边。 题组训练·用介词in,to,off,on填空   Xinjiang is 　to     the northwest of Zhejiang while Anhui is 　on   the west of Zhejiang.   Beijing lies 　in     the north of China.   The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place 　off     the main road at the far end of the lake. 二、时间介词 1.at,in,on (1)at的用法 1)表示时间的一点,时刻等,如:at 12:00,at noon,at night,at midnight,at dawn/daybreak,at sunrise/sunset,at dusk。 2)表示较短暂的一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的 日子,如:at Christmas。 (2)in的用法 表示在某段较长的时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月份及泛指上午、 下午或傍晚等),如:in the 1980 ' s/1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening。 (3)on的用法 1) 用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如:某日、某节日、星期几 等) ,如:on October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day等。 2)用于表示特定的上午、下午或晚上,如:on Christmas Eve,on the morn- ing of January the third,on the afternoon of his arrival等。 3)准时,按时:on time。 题组训练·翻译下列词组   在星期天上午 　on Sunday morning(s)      在上午9点 　at 9 o ' clock in the morning     在儿童节 　on Children ' s Day       在19世纪20年代 　in the 1820 ' s/1820s    2.in,after in 表示时间时,in表示“在 …… 之内”。有时in可以表示“在 …… 之后”,但必须具备两个条件:①所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来;②后面必须是一段时间 after 意为“在 …… 之后”。通常“after+时间段”用于一般过去时,“after+时间点”与一般将来时连用 My father will be back in three days. 我父亲将在3天以后回来。 My father will be back after three o ' clock. 我父亲将在3点后回来。 题组训练·用in,after填空   It will be finished 　in     an hour.   He left home 　after     Christmas and returned 　after    a few days.   The boy won the game 　after     a year. 3.for,from,since for后接时间段,表示行为或状态持续了多久;from后接时间点,表示行为 或状态的起始点,而不涉及其持续时间的长短;since后接时间点,不仅表 示行为或状态的起始点,而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到 说话的时刻,因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用。 Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after his retirement. 布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,退休后他在那里生活了差不多15年。 My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five. 我的妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。 Tom has been doing his homework since seven o ' clock. 汤姆从7点开始就一直做他的家庭作业。 题组训练·用for,from,since填空   The conference will be held 　from     Monday to Friday.   We have lived in the district 　since   we came here in 2005.   The meeting lasted 　for three hours yesterday. 4.during,through,over (1)during的用法 during指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发 生过多次,或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过,起止时间比较明显 。 He often falls asleep during the class.他常常在课堂上睡着。 He swims every day during the summer.夏季他每天都游泳。 (2)through的用法 through意为:在 …… 期间;从 …… 开头到结尾(所指时间包括在内,此时与 throughout相同) 。 Tom bore up well under the strain of supporting his family through his fa- ther ' s illness. 在汤姆的父亲生病期间,他坚强地顶住了养家的压力。 (3)over的用法 over意为:while doing/having/eating etc.(sth.)在(做) …… 期间 。 We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea. 我们一边喝茶一边愉快地聊天。 此外,over还有“throughout(a period)贯穿(一时间段)”的意思,与during 同义。 He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and New Year. 他将在威尔士度过圣诞和新年。 题组训练·用during,over填空   Let ' s discuss it 　over  lunch.   They only met twice 　during     the whole time they were neighbours. 5.before,by,till,until (1)before的用法 before:早于;在 …… 之前。 The new road will be completed before the end of the year. 这条新道路将在年底以前建成。 (2)by的用法 1)表示“不迟于 …… ,在(某时)前”。 All of you are to arrive at school by seven o ' clock. 你们所有人要在7点钟前到校。 2)表示“在 …… 期间,在 …… 时间内”。 He worked by night and slept by day. 他晚上工作,白天睡觉。 (3)until和till的用法 1)until是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和延续性动词连用,表示动作一 直持续到until后面的时间为止;在否定句中和非延续性动词连用,表示 该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。up until表示“直到”。 I shall wait until ten o ' clock. 我将等到10点钟。 I didn ' t go to sleep until midnight. 直到半夜我才睡觉。 2)till的意义与until的相同。 He works from morning till night,day after day. 他日复一日从早工作到晚。 题组训练·用before,by,until填空   We ' ll have finished the work 　by  ten o ' clock tomorrow.   I usually take a bath 　before     breakfast.   He didn ' t go to bed 　until   his father came back. by (1)表示交通方式但不涉及交通工具的名词前用by,名词前不带冠词。如:by sea,by water,by land,by air等 (2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by,但名词需用单数,其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语。如:by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等 in/on 当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时,用on或in。此时,名词前应有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:travel to New York in his car,go to school on my bike等 三、表工具、手段、方式的介词 1.by, in/on 注意     步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:on foot,on horseback/on a horse,on a camel等 题组训练·同义句转换   He went to Beijing by car. He went to Beijing 　in his/a car     .   I prefer to travel by ship. I prefer to travel 　by water/sea     . 2.with,in (1)with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词或形 容词性物主代词等修饰。 They are digging with a pick/spade. 他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。 We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.我们用眼 睛看,用耳朵听,用腿走路。 (2)in   Please answer me in English.请用英语回答我。 Please write in capital letters.请用大写字母写。 The artist wrote in ink/pencil(=with a pen/a pencil). 那个艺术家用钢笔/铅笔写字。 (3)注意以下固定短语: on/over the telephone/radio通过电话/广播   用这/那种方式 题组训练·用by,over,in,on填空   This form is to be filled in 　in     ink.   This toy is not machine-made.It is made 　by     hand.   In the morning I usually listen to the news 　over/on     the radio. 四、表原因的介词 1. with多用于表示情绪的形容词或表示身体动作或状态的动词之后,表 示某种心理或状态的原因。 2. for多与表示感情的抽象名词或动名词及reason,famous等词连用。 3. from常接抽象名词,表示自然或间接原因。 4. of用于某些形容词后,后接与感情相关的人或事。 5. over表示因为某事。 Her face went red with anger.她气得脸都红了。 The West Lake is famous for its scenery. 西湖以它的景色而闻名。 She felt sick from tiredness. 她因疲劳而感到不舒服。 Mr. Smith is proud of his honesty. 史密斯先生因他的诚实而骄傲。 She was excited over the outing. 她因为去野营的事而非常兴奋。 五、表示支持、反对的介词 Are you for or against the new road scheme? 你对修建新道路的计划是赞成还是反对? She was forced to marry against her will. 她被迫违心地嫁了人。 That ' s against the law.那是违法的。 The skier ' s red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 滑雪者的红衣服在雪的衬托下显得分外醒目。 against 表示反对,此外,还有“靠着”“违背”“在 …… 映衬下”“与 …… 比赛”之意 for 支持,赞成   An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the com- mittee members are 　against     it.   Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back 　against   a big tree. 六、其他常考介词 1.besides,except,other than的区别 (1)用于否定句时,besides与except可相互替换。 No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides Lin Tao and Wu Dong. 除林涛、吴东外没有别的学生通过这次难的数学考试。 题组训练·介词填空 (2)用于肯定句时的区别 1)except意为:not including除 …… 外(不包括)。 We all passed the exam except Tom. 除汤姆没及格外,我们都及格了。(汤姆没及格) 注意 　当except用于句首时,后面往往要加上for。 Except for this,everything is in good order. =Everything is in good order except this. 除此之外,一切正常。 2)besides意为:in addition to 除 …… 外(还有)。 We have lots of things in common besides music. 除了音乐,我们还有很多共同点。 注意 　 besides 在句中的位置较灵活 , 可放在句首 , 亦可放在句中 ; 而 ex- cept 多放在句中。此外 ,except 前几乎总有 all,any,every,no 等。 He answered all the questions except the last one. 除最后一个问题没有回答外,其余所有问题他都回答了。 I have a few friends besides you. 除了你之外,我还有几个朋友。 (3)except和other than都可接名词、代词、动名词,可以互换;但except后 接介词短语、when从句等时,other than不可替换except。 The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。(介词短语) He has always been busy except when it is Sunday. 除星期日外,他总是很忙。(when从句) (4)前面讲了besides作介词时的用法。另外,besides还可用作副词,意为 “in addition;also;moreover;furthermore(而且,还有)”。 I don ' t want to go;besides,I am too tired. 我不想去。再说,我太累了。 This is my best suit;besides,I have two others. 这是我最好的一套衣服,我另外还有两套。 题组训练·用except,besides填空   I know nothing about the young lady 　except     her name.   I don ' t mind picking up your things from the store. 　Besides  ,the walk does me good. 2.形容词后的for与to 英语中经常遇见一些形容词与介词for或to搭配。这种搭配非常灵活,现 将几种常见的搭配情况简述如下: (1)当形容词被副词too或enough修饰时,其后只能用for。 The shirt is too large for me. 这件衬衫对我来说太大了。 (2)当侧重于与别人比较,有“对 …… 而言”之意时,常用for。 Chinese is very difficult for me.I can ' t learn it. 中文对我来说太难了,我学不会。 (3)当表示主观看法或感觉,有“在 …… 看来”之意时,常用to。 Chinese is very difficult to me,but I ' ll try my best to learn it. 在我看来中文很难,但是我会尽全力学习它的。   These math problems are too difficult 　for     me.   The house is big enough 　for     us two. 3.with的用法 with在英语中用法繁多,在中学英语中也不例外,因此成为高考热点并不 稀奇。其主要用法如下: (1)表示“和 …… 在一起,和,同,跟”的意思。 Mr.and Mrs.Smith were there,with their three young children. 史密斯夫妇带着他们三个年幼的孩子在那儿。 Would you like to go to the theatre with us? 你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗? 题组训练·介词填空 You cannot see Mr.Johnson at the moment,as he is with the manager. 你此刻见不到约翰逊先生,因为他和经理在一起。 (2)表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进的意思。 With time passing by,they have grown into big boys and big girls. 随着时间的流逝,他们都长成大小伙子和大姑娘了。 Temperatures vary with the time of the year. 温度随着时节变化。 (3)表示“带有”的意思,表伴随。 The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee. 服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。 (4) 指原因或理由 。 It is very stuffy in the room,with all the windows closed. 由于所有窗户都关着,屋子里非常闷。 She was shivering with cold.她冷得直发抖。 The small child trembled with fear.那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。 题组训练·介词填空   　With     production up by 60% the company has had another excellent year. 表示“不迟于(某时间)”的意思 We have to reach home by ten o ' clock.我们10点钟之前得到家。 表示“在 …… 期间(一段指明的时间)”的意思 They decided to travel by night.他们决定在夜里行进。 表示触及或抓住人体或物体的某一部分 He seized me by the arm.他抓住了我的胳膊。 表示“由于 …… ”的意思 He succeeded by hard work.他由于努力工作而成功了。 表示“以 …… 的幅度,差 …… ”的意思 This one is shorter than the other by three inches.这一个比另一个短三英寸。 表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量,或付酬所按以计算的时间 Milk is sold by the pint,butter by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.牛奶论品脱卖,黄油论磅卖,鸡蛋论打卖。 表示“按照 …… ”或“根据 …… ”的意思 By my watch,the time is half past eleven.按我的表,现在是十一点半。 4.by的用法 题组训练·翻译下列句子   Can you finish the work by five o ' clock? 　你能在5点钟以前完成这项工作吗?       The bullet missed him by two inches. 　那颗子弹差两英寸就打中他了。       We sell ice creams by the thousand in summer. 　我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。     5.beyond的用法 (1)表示“(时间)过了,比 …… 晚,迟于”。 They arrived beyond nine o ' clock.他们过了9点才到。 He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time. 他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。 (2)表示“(位置)在 …… 的那边,在 …… 以外”。 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town. 那个小村庄在离城镇20英里以外的地方。 The village is beyond the mountain.村庄在山的那边。 These students came from beyond the seas.这些学生来自海外。 (3) 表示“(范围)超过,为 …… 所不及” 。 This book is beyond me.我看不懂这本书。 He is living beyond his income.他的生活入不敷出。 Good health is beyond price.健康的身体是无价之宝。   Sorry,Madam.You ' d better come tomorrow because it ' s 　beyond  the visiting hours. 6.about,on,of 题组训练·介词填空 about 指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,其谈论的内容也较为普通 on 指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事,其论述的内容较正式或较严肃 of of和about语义差不多,但是在与tell,read,know,think等动词连用时,of侧重于粗略涉及,而about涉及的情况则详细得多 He wrote on mathematics.他撰写数学著作。 He wrote about the school.他编写有关这所学校的情况。 It is a book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作) It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的 关于鸟类的故事书) I know of him.我对他有所了解。(只是大致了解) 七、常考介词短语 1.介词与名词的常用搭配 (1)at+ n .表示状态 at a loss不知所措　　　　　at breakfast早餐时 at peace处于和平中　　at rest静止,不动 at sea在海上　　at war在战争中 at work在工作 (2)at+ n .表示时间 at Christmas在圣诞节　　at dusk在黄昏 at dawn在黎明　　at daybreak在拂晓 at midnight在午夜　　at night在夜里 at noon在正午　　at present目前 at sunrise日出时 (3)以at开头组成的短语 at the beginning of在 …… 的开始 at the cost of以 …… 的代价 at the end of在 …… 的尽头 at the foot of在 …… 脚下 at the mercy of在 …… 支配下;任由 …… 摆布 at the price of以 …… 的价格 at the risk of冒 …… 的危险 at the sight of一看到 …… 就 …… (4)on+ n .表示状态 on a trip/journey/tour在旅行 on display陈列 on duty/guard在值班/警戒中 on exhibition在展出 on fire着火 on holiday/vacation在度假 on line在工作(或运行)　　on sale出售,打折 on show在展出　　on the decrease在减少 on the go在忙碌中　　on the increase在增加 on the march在行进中　　on the way在途中 on trial在受审 (5)以on开头的介词短语 on account of因为　　on behalf of代表 on condition that在 …… 的条件下,如果 on no account/condition/occasion决不 on the basis of以 …… 为基础 on the occasion of在 …… 时 (6)by+ n .表示方式 by air/plane乘飞机　　by force用暴力 by hand用手工　　by the day按天算 by telegraph以电报形式 by weight/volume/size/number按重量/体积/大小/数量 (7)in+ n .表示方式 in cash用现金付款　　in detail详细地 in English用英语　　in ink用墨水 (8)in+ n .表示状态 in anger生气地　　in battle在战斗中 in bed在床上　　in comfort舒适地 in danger处于危险中　　in debt负债 in delight高兴地　　in despair绝望地 in difficulty处于困难中　　in doubt不确定,拿不准 in fear在恐惧中　　in high spirits情绪高昂地 in need在困境中　　in order就绪 in peace平静地,平安地　　in practice在实践中 in print已出版　　in prison在狱中 in public公开地　　in rags穿着破烂 in ruins破败不堪　　in secret秘密地 in silence默不作声　　in space在太空中 in surprise惊奇地　　in trouble在困难中 in use在使用中　　in view看得见 in wonder惊奇地 (9)以in开头构成的介词短语 in the face of面对 in addition to除 …… 以外(还) in case of万一;如果;假如 in celebration of为庆祝 …… in charge of掌管 …… in consequence of由于 …… in contrast to与 …… 相比 in control of管理;控制;操纵　　in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持,赞成　　in fear of害怕 in front of在 …… 前面(外部) in honour of为向 …… 表示敬意 in memory of为了纪念 …… in need of需要　　in no case决不 in no time立刻　　in no way决不 in place of代替 in possession of拥有,占有 in praise of表扬 in preparation for为 …… 做准备 in respect of关于　　in response to作为回应 in return作为回报　　in spite of尽管 in support of为支持 …… in the charge of在 …… 的管理下 in the direction of在 …… 方向 in the front of在 …… 前面(内部) in the habit of有 …… 习惯 in the hope of抱着 …… 的希望 in the middle of在 …… 中间 (10)of+ n .表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of benefit有益处的　　of help有帮助的 of importance重要的　　of interest有趣的 of significance有意义的　　of use有用的 of value有价值的 (11)out of+ n .表示状态 out of balance失去平衡 out of breath上气不接下气 out of business停业,歇业　　out of control不受控制 out of danger脱离危险　　out of date过期 out of debt不欠债　　out of fashion不流行 out of luck不走运　　out of mind发狂 out of office在野　　out of order出故障 out of patience不耐烦　　out of season过季 out of shape走样,不成形　　out of sight看不到 out of the question不可能　　out of question毫无疑问 out of trouble摆脱困难　　out of work失业 (12)under+ n .表示被动 under attack遭到袭击 under consideration在考虑中 under construction在建造中 under control处于控制之中 under discussion在讨论中 under pressure在压力下 under repair在修理中 under treatment在治疗中 under way在进行中 (13)以under开头的短语 under the command of在 …… 的统帅之下 under the influence of在 …… 的影响下 under the protection of在 …… 的庇护下 (14)with+ n .表示方式 with anger生气地　　with confidence有信心地 with courage英勇地　　with delight/joy高兴地 with difficulty困难地　　with ease轻而易举地 with fear害怕地　　with interest有兴趣地 with pleasure乐意地　　with pride骄傲地 with satisfaction满意地　　with success成功地 with kindness亲切地 (15)beyond+ n .表示“超出 …… ,难以 …… ” beyond compare无与伦比 beyond comprehension难以理解 beyond control失控 beyond description难以描述 beyond doubt不用怀疑,确实 beyond expression难以表达 beyond measure非常;极其 beyond question无可争辩;毋庸置疑 beyond reach够不到 beyond words难以表达 beyond one ' s wildest dreams做梦都没想到,远远出乎所料 2.形容词与介词的常用搭配 (1) adj .+about be anxious about忧虑 …… be careful about小心 …… be concerned about担心 …… be curious about对 …… 好奇 be excited about对 …… 感到兴奋 be particular about对 …… 讲究/挑剔 be serious about对 …… 认真 be sorry about对 …… 感到抱歉 be sure about对 …… 有把握 be upset about对 …… 感到失望 be worried about对 …… 担心 (2) adj .+at be angry at恼怒于 be astonished at对 …… 吃惊 be bad at不擅长 be delighted at因 …… 而高兴 be disappointed at对 …… 失望 be good at擅长 be skilled at在 …… 方面很熟练 be surprised at对 …… 吃惊 (3) adj .+in be absorbed in专注于 be confident in对 …… 有信心 be diligent in勤于 be engaged in忙于 …… be excellent in在 …… 方面优秀 be experienced in在 …… 方面有经验 be expert in擅长 be interested in对 …… 感兴趣 be involved in包括在 …… 中,被卷入 be lacking in缺乏 be occupied in忙于 …… be rich in富有 …… be slow in迟迟不 …… be successful in在 …… 成功 be weak in不擅长 (4) adj .+for be anxious for急切盼望,渴望 be eager for渴望 be famous for以 …… 著名 be fit for适合,胜任 be good for对 …… 有益 be hungry for渴望 be late for迟到 be prepared for为 …… 做好准备 be ready for准备好 …… be sorry for对 …… 感到抱歉 be thankful for因 …… 而感激 be unfit for不适合,不胜任 (5) adj .+from be absent from缺席 be different from不同于 be far from远离 be free from不受 …… 影响 be safe from免受 …… 的伤害 (6) adj .+to be blind to对 …… 视而不见 be close to接近 be contrary to与 …… 相反 be deaf to对 …… 充耳不闻 be devoted to致力于 …… be equal to等于 …… be fair to对 …… 公平 be familiar to 对 …… 来说熟悉 be friendly to对 …… 友好 be good to对 …… 好 be grateful to对 …… 心存感激 be harmful to对 …… 有危害 be important to对 …… 重要 be kind to对 …… 友好 be known to为 …… 所知 be married to与 …… 结婚 be necessary to对 …… 有必要 be opposed to反对 be opposite to与 …… 对立 be polite to对 …… 有礼貌 be rude to对 …… 无礼 be similar to与 …… 相似 be thankful to感激 be useful to对 …… 有用 be/get used to习惯于 …… (7) adj .+of be afraid of害怕 be ashamed of为 …… 感到羞耻 be aware of意识到 be capable of能够 be composed of由 …… 组成 be fond of喜欢 be full of 充满 be proud of因 …… 而自豪 be short of短缺 be sure/certain of坚信,确信 be tired of厌烦 be worthy of 值得 be/get rid of除去,摆脱 (8) adj .+with by angry with(sb.)对(某人)发怒 be busy with忙于 be combined with与 …… 结合 be concerned with与 …… 有关;涉及,关心,关注 be connected with与 …… 有关 be content with对 …… 满意 be covered with被 …… 覆盖 be crowded with挤满 …… be familiar with对 …… 熟悉 be filled with充满 be patient with对 …… 有耐心 be pleased with对 …… 感到满意 be popular with受 …… 的欢迎 be satisfied with对 …… 满意 be sick with患 …… 病 3.其他常用短语 according to根据 along with随着 together with连同 because of因为 but for要不是 next to在 …… 隔壁 owing to因为 up to直到 by accident偶然 by chance偶然 by coincidence碰巧 by mistake错误地 by nature天生地 by means of借助于 by way of经由,经过(某地);作为 for fear of唯恐 for the good of为了 …… 的利益 for lack of因为缺乏 for the purpose of为了 …… for the sake of为了 …… 起见 for life一生,终身 考点二 动词短语 1.add(add...to...,add to,add up,add up to) add...to... 把 …… 加到 …… 上 If you add 5 to 5,you ' ll get 10.5+5=10。 add to 添加;增加 The balloons added to the festive atmosphere.气球增加了节日的气氛。 add up 加 Add up the numbers,and you will get 1,155.把这些数字加起来,你会得到1,155。 add up to 合计达到,后面多为合计起来的数目,不用于被动语态 His whole school education added up to no more than one year.他所有的学校教育加起来不超过一年。 agree with (1)同意某人的意见、想法、分析、解释等,后可以跟what引导的从句 (2)表示“(某种食物)不对 …… 胃口” I don ' t agree with you.我不同意你的意见。 I agree with what you said.我同意你说的。 Green peppers don ' t agree with me.我吃青椒会不舒服。 agree to 表示同意建议(suggestion)、安排(arrangement)、计划(plan)等 They finally agreed to the plan. 他们最终同意了这个计划。 agree on (经过协商)就 …… 取得一致意见或达成协议 The two parts agreed on the time of the meet- ing.双方在会议的时间上达成了一致的意见。 2. agree(agree with, agree to, agree on) 3.break(break away from,break down,break into,break in on,break out, break up,break off,break through) (1)He decided to break away from the Party.脱离 The prisoner broke away from his guards.突然挣脱 (2)The peace talks have broken down.失败 Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(=became very bad)被 搞垮,垮掉 Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.分解 The telephone system has broken down.(机器或车辆等)出故障,坏掉 (3)The thieves planned to break into a bank.强行闯入 (4)Please don ' t break in on our conversation.(=interrupt or disturb)打断,搅扰 (5)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.爆发 (6)After midnight,the party broke up.解散 (7)He broke off in the middle of a sentence.停顿,中断 (8)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the ene- my.突破 4.bring(bring about,bring down,bring in,bring on,bring out,bring up,bring forward) (1)The only way they can bring about(=cause)political change is by putting pressure on the country.引起,造成 (2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches.使倒下 bring down prices降低(价格) (3)The sale brought in over $200.赚得 (4)Dirt often brings on disease.引起,导致 The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.促使(作物、水果等)生长 (5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?阐明 (6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.抚养 He was so ill that he brought up everything.呕吐 (7)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.提出 They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.(将 …… 的日期或 时间)提前 5. call(call for,call in on/at,call in,call off,call upon,call on,call out,call up) (1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government.需要 The workers are calling for better pay.要求 (2)I formed the habit of calling(dropping)in on him/calling(dropping)in at his office in the afternoon.顺便拜访 (3)Your father is ill.You should call in a doctor at once.找来,请来 The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and help clear the roads and paths.召集 (4)They ' ve called off the game because of the thick fog.取消 (5)He called upon me to speak immediately after him.请/叫(某人做某事) (6)I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.号召 (7)The injured soldiers called out in pain.喊,叫 (8)The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood.使想 起某事物,使回忆起某事物 6.care(care about, care for) care about 关心;在意 We should care about the students who are not good at their lessons.我们应该关心那些学习不好的同学。 care for 非常喜欢;照看 He cares for her.他非常喜欢她。 Who will care for your child if you are out?你们离开后谁照顾你们的孩子? 题组训练·在空白处填入适当的词 ①The natural scenery and the newly-built tall buildings along the streets added 　to     the beauty of my hometown. ②His parents being busy, the boy was brought 　up     by his grandma. ③The two countries finally agreed 　on     the date of the presidents meet- ing. ④What he cared 　about  is just his students. ⑤The car broke 　down    , and we were late. 7.carry(carry on,carry out,carry through) (1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.进行 One person should carry on where the other had left off.继续进行下去 (2)I was chosen to carry out our experiment.完成 He did not carry out his promise to us.履行 (3)The work is tough,but she is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth.successfully).顺利完成,顺利实现 8.catch(catch fire,catch one ' s breath,catch one ' s eye/attention,catch on,be/ get caught in,catch sight of,catch up with) (1)catch fire(=start burning)着火 (2)catch one ' s breath恢复正常呼吸 (3)That car caught his eye/attention.引起 …… 的注意 (4)That style has never caught on in China.(=become popular)流行起来 He is very quick to catch on.(=understand)理解 (5)He was caught in the rain.(=be stuck in)被困住 Her skirt got caught in the door.(=be hooked in)被钩住 (6)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd.看见 (7)After missing a term through illness he had to work hard to catch up with the others.赶上 9. check(check in,check out) (1) Passengers should check in for flight BA125 to Berlin.(为住旅馆或登 机等)办理登记手续 check in one ' s luggage托运(行李) (2) I have to check out before 8 o ' clock tomorrow morning.办理退房手续, 结账离开(旅馆等) 10.come[come true,come about,come across,come on,come out,come out with,when it comes to(doing)sth.,come to light,come up,come up with等] (1)My dream has come true.变成现实 (2)How did the accident come about?发生 (3)I came across this book in an old bookstore on the Fourth Avenue.(无意 中)碰到,找到 He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across.被理 解 (4)Come on,or we ' ll be late!快点儿 Come on,you can do it!加把劲儿 Oh,come on,don ' t lie!得了吧 Come on,then,hit me!来吧 (5)This paper comes out every Friday.出版 I think the roses will come out next week.开花 I came out first in the examination.考试结果 …… ,考第 …… 名 (6)She sometimes comes out with the most extraordinary remarks.说出(尤 指令人吃惊或粗鲁的话) (7)When it comes to mathematics,I know nothing about it.谈到,涉及 (8)The robbery did not come to light until the next day.被发现,被大家知 道 (9)The question hasn ' t come up yet.被提及 (10)He came up with an idea.提出 (11)come to oneself苏醒过来;come to an end结束;come to effect/force生 效;come to a conclusion/decision得出结论/作出决定;come into being/ex- istence开始存在,成立,产生;come to power开始执政 11.cut(cut off,cut out,cut up,cut down,cut through) (1)Mind you don ' t cut your fingers off!切断,切下来 (2)One of the aircraft ' s engines cut out.(=stop functioning)(马达或发动 机)突然熄火,停止运转 cut out sweets in order to lose weight 戒掉,不吃 (3)cut up vegetables 切碎 (4)cut down a tree砍倒 George is trying to cut his weight down.削减,减少 (5)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road.开辟 (出路或通道) 12.die(die out, die for, die down, die away, die off) die out (动物等)灭绝;(风俗、习惯等)逐渐消失 As a result these endangered animals may even die out.结果,这些濒危的动物甚至可能会消亡。 Some traditional customs are dying out.一些传统的习俗正在消失。 die for 为 …… 而死;渴望 The young man was dying for knowledge about AI.那个年轻人非常渴望人工智能方面的知识。 die down (兴奋、火焰、风暴、疼痛等)减弱、平息 The wind died down gradually.风逐渐地减弱了。 die away (声音、风或光等)慢慢变弱或逐渐消失 The steps died away and there was a moment of silence.脚步声消失了,接下来是一阵寂静。 die off 相继死亡;先后死去 The plants were dying off as a result of dry weather.由于干旱,植物都相继死亡了。   易混易错　 此处,die down和die away均有“减弱”之意,但是,die down中因为有down, 所以强调“渐渐降低,以至于消失”,而die away有 away, 所以有“慢慢远离,以至于消失”之意。 13.do(do up,do away with,do harm/good to,do without,have something/ nothing/a lot to do with) (1)Please do up these books and post them for Mr.Smith.包,扎,系,捆 You ' ll have to do up the things on the table before we have tea.整理,收拾 Mary has done herself up for the party.梳妆打扮 (2)They tried to do away with slavery.废除 (3)do harm to sb.对某人有害 do good to sb.对某人有好处 (4)do without(sb./sth.)(尤与can或could连用)不用或没有某人/某事物也 行 (5)have something/nothing/a lot to do with 与 …… 有些/没有/有很大关系 14.end(end up with,end up,end in) (1)Even if none of these is true for us today,it is probable that one day we will end up with a disability.以 …… 告终 We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee.以 …… 而结束 (2)If you drive your car like that,you ' ll end up in hospital.最后(有某种结 局/成了) (3)The match ended in a win for us.以 …… 告终,结果是 …… 15.fall(fall behind,fall in love with,fall down,fall into,fall in with) (1)We can ' t afford to fall behind our competitors in using the new tech- nology.落后于 (2)She has fallen in love with him/the dress.爱上,喜欢上 (3)Where does the plan fall down?不能令人满意,不够好 (4)This topic falls naturally into three sections.(=be divided into)被分成 (5)I am quite happy to fall in with you/your suggestions.(=agree with)赞同 16.fix(fix the date for,fix one ' s eyes on,fix one ' s attention on) (1)They ' ve fixed the date for the party.约定 …… 的日期 (2)He fixed his eyes on the clock.注视 (3)fix one ' s attention on注意 17.get[get back,get up,get through,get round,get along/on(with),get away from,get down to,get over,get rid of,get in,get across,get away with to] (1)get back回来,取回;get up起床,起身 (2)The operator finally got me through.给 …… 接通电话 He has got through $1,000 in less than a year.用完 John has got through the examination.通过 I ' ll be with you as soon as I get through this work.做完 (3)The story has got round—everybody knows about it.消息传开 (4)Do you get along/on with your boss?/Do you and your boss get along/ on?(与某人)和睦相处 (5)He was dead,and I could not get away from my sadness.摆脱 (6)Don ' t you think it ' s time we got down to business?开始认真做某事 (7)He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now.克服,摆脱 (某种情绪) (8)The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can ' t get rid of them.摆脱,去掉 (9)It is time for us to get in crops.收集或收获某物 (10)Your meaning didn ' t really get across.被理解 He ' s not very good at getting his ideas across.把 …… 讲清楚 (11)If you cheat in the exam you ' ll never get away with it.侥幸逃脱 18.give(give away,give in to,give off,give out,give up) (1)He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.捐赠,赠送 His accent gave him away.泄露,暴露 (2)He has given in to my views.勉强同意 (3)The gas gave off an unpleasant smell.散发出 (4)The teacher gave out the examination papers.分发 It was given out that the Prime Minister had died suddenly.宣布 The cowboy gave out a yell.发出(声音) After two days our food gave out,and we had to return to the camp.用完 The swimmer gave out after ten laps.(人)体力不支 (5)I ' ve given up smoking.放弃,中止 19.go(go against,go around,go by,go down,go on,go with,go without,go over,go in for) (1)But if you go against nature and do things at the wrong time of year,you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good.违背 (2)News of the plane crash went around like wildfire.传开 (3)Time went by quickly.过去,流逝 (4)Shares have gone down again by ten points.(价格等)下跌,(温度等)下 降 (5)What is going on there?发生,(活动)进行 (6)Why not buy some English tapes and some books to go with them?与某 物相配 (7)When smokers who are used to nicotine go without it for an hour or two,they begin to feel bad.没有 …… 而勉强应付 (8)Go over your work before you hand it in.仔细检查 (9)He doesn ' t go in for team games.对某事有兴趣,爱好 20.hand(hand down,hand out,hand over to,hand in) (1)This custom has been handed down since the 18th century.传下来 (2)The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.分发,散 发 (3)The thief was handed over to the police.移交 He handed the phone over to me.交给 (4)hand in上交 21.hold(hold back,hold on to,hold on,hold out,hold up) (1)She held back,not knowing what to do or say.犹豫不决 Don ' t hold anything back;you must tell me everything.隐瞒 If they hadn ' t held him back,he would have beaten you.阻挡,阻拦 (2)The soldiers held on to the bridge for three more days.守住 You should hold on to your oil shares.不送或不卖(某物) (3)He asked me to hold on when he left the telephone to find a pencil.别挂 (电话) (4)Could he hold out in spite of the difficulty?坚持(抵抗),顶住(压力) (5)The pupil held up his hand to ask the teacher a question.举起 A lot of cars were held up in the accident.使耽搁,使停顿 22.keep(keep away from,keep back,keep...in mind,keep off,keep on,keep an eye on,keep to the point/subject,keep up with) (1)He keeps away from liquor and tobacco.不沾,避开,不接近 (2)He may be telling the truth but he is keeping something back.隐瞒(不 讲) Finally,he did not give her the right change,but kept back five pounds.扣留 (3)You have to be home by 11 o ' clock.Keep that in mind,Bob.记在心里 (4)Keep off the grass.勿踩,勿踏 I hope the rain keeps off.(雨、雪等)未下 (5)He didn ' t stop running.He just kept on.继续(干),坚持(干) Keep on until you reach the traffic lights.继续前进 (6)Keep an eye on the baby.照顾,照料 (7)keep to the point/subject紧扣要点/主题 (8)I can ' t keep up with all the changes.(与 …… )齐步前进,并驾齐驱,跟上 题组训练·在空白处填入适当的词 ⑥The teacher said all the papers should be handed 　in     before the end of the class. ⑦Having nothing for two days, these people were dying 　for     something to eat. ⑧The floods cut the people 　off     from the outside world. ⑨Both sides argued with reason, and neither would give 　in     . ⑩Although the situation is difficult, they held 　out     for six months.   The teacher told the boy to work hard to keep up 　with     the other students. 23.look(look back upon,look into,look on,look out for,look up,look up to, look through,look down on/upon,look after,look around/round,look for, look forward to,look over) (1)As I look back upon those years,I am struck by Annie ' s wisdom.回顾, 回想 (2)I ' ve been looking into this matter this afternoon.调查 (3)Two men were fighting.The rest were looking on.旁观 (4)When you ' re eating fish,look out for fishbones.当心,小心 (5)Look up the word in the dictionary.查寻,查找 (6)She always looks up to her father.钦佩,尊敬 (7)She looked through her notes before the examination.浏览 (8)He was looked down on/upon because of his humble background.藐视, 看不起 (9)Who will look after the children while their mother is in hospital?照顾 (10)He looked around/round but saw nothing.环视 (11)Are you still looking for a job?寻找 (12)We ' re so much looking forward to seeing you again.期望,盼望 (13)We must look over the house before we decide to rent it.查看,检查 24.lose(lose sight of, lose heart, lose one ' s heart to) (1)We shouldn ' t lose sight of the fact.忽略 (2)Don ' t lose heart;keep up our courage.泄气 (3)He lost his heart to this book many years ago.爱上 25.make(make good use of/make full use of/make the most of,make fun of, make room for,make ends meet,make it,make out,make no sense,make sense of,make up,make up for,be made up of,make for) (1)make good use of/make full use of/make the most of充分利用 (2)It ' s cruel to make fun of people who stammer.嘲笑 (3)Can you make room on that shelf for more books? 为 …… 腾出地方 (4)Both husband and wife had to work to make ends meet.使收支相抵 (5)After years as an unsuccessful businessman,he finally made it.获得成功 (6)What a strange person she is!I can ' t make her out(=understand)at all.理解 I could just make out a figure in the darkness.辨认清楚 (7)The explanation in the textbook makes no sense,because the words are hard.讲不通,没意义,不能被理解 (8)Can you make sense of what he says?理解 (9)The teacher asked the children to make up a story about a trip to the moon.编造 The actors were making up when we arrived.打扮 (10)Mary had to make up for the time she missed in school when she was sick,by studying very hard.弥补 (11)The team is made up of nine players.由 …… 组成 (12)The large print makes for easier reading.有助于,有利于 26.mean(mean...for,be meant for) (1)His parents meant him for a teacher.想要(某人)成为 (2)This picture is meant for me.打算给(谁) This room was meant for the workers ' reading room.打算作为(什么用) 27.pay(pay a visit to,pay attention to,pay back,pay for,pay off) (1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.参观 (2)Please pay attention to what I am saying.注意 (3)It ' s high time he paid me back the $100 he owes me.偿还 (4)How much did you pay for the book?为 …… 而付款 (5)I ' ll pay off my debt with this check.还清 Did your plan pay off?成功 28.pick(pick up,pick out) (1)She picked up the little book and gave it to him.拾起 He has picked up some bad habits in that club.沾染 He picked up Chinese while he was staying in Beijing.(非正式)学到 Pick me up at the hotel.(开车)接人 This room must be picked up before the guests arrive.整理,收拾 We picked up the radio signals on our receiver.接收 The weather may pick up.好转 His spirits picked up.(精神)振奋 (2)Have you picked out the movie you want to see?挑选 Can you pick out your brother in the crowd?认出 29.play(play a part in, play tricks on) (1)She plays an active part in local politics.参加(活动) (2)The girls were playing tricks on their teacher.捉弄 30.pull(pull down,pull out,pull off/on,pull in,pull up,pull over,pull away, pull apart) (1)The cinema she used to visit has been pulled down.拆毁(建筑物) (2)A car suddenly pulled out in front of me.(车辆或司机)驶出 (3)pull off/on one ' s shoes,socks,etc.脱掉/穿上鞋、袜子等 (4) The train pulled in right on time.(火车)进站停靠 (5)The driver pulled up at the traffic lights.(使车辆)停下 (6) Pull over and let me pass!向路边停靠(或让车) (7)They waved as the bus pulled away.(车辆)开动 (8)The rags are pulled apart by machines.把 …… 拉开(或拆开) 31.put(put aside,put down,put off,put up,put away,put back,put forward,put out,put...to等) (1)John puts ten dollars aside every week.存储,留下 He put aside his textbooks when he left school and never reopened them.放 下,放在一边 Put aside all that has happened and try to start again.搁在一边,不予考虑 (2)Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!放下 He is determined to put down the rebellion.镇压 I ' m having a party next Saturday;put it down in your diary so that you won ' t forget.写下 (3)This afternoon ' s meeting will have to be put off.推迟,延迟 We ' ve invited friends to supper and it ' s too late to put them off now.取消, 撤销(与某人的会晤或安排) (4)We can put you up for the night.留某人住在家中 Put your hand up if you want to ask a question.举起 (5)Put your books away.收起来 (6)Put the dictionary back on the shelf.放回原处 The meeting has been put back until next week.(=put off)推迟 Put the clock back by five minutes.拨慢 (7)Put the clock forward by five minutes.拨快 Are you serious in putting forward such a view?提出 (8)He put out the lamp and went out.使熄灭 The company puts out 13 new machines every month.生产,制造 (9)I just didn ' t wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.给某 人添麻烦 (10)put into effect执行,使生效;put into force使生效;put into practice实施, 付诸实践;put on weight增加体重;put one ' s heart into全心全意干某事; put sb.through给某人接通电话;put to use利用;put up with忍受,容忍 32.refer(refer to) If you don ' t know how to pronounce the word,refer to the dictionary.查阅, 参阅 He referred to the matter once or twice.提到,谈到 The man referred to in the talk is one of my friends.被提及 What I have to say refers to all of you.涉及 The lady was referring to Mike when she spoke of a bright boy.指的是 He referred his success to his good teacher.将 …… 归功于 33.result(result in,result from) (1)These policies resulted in many people suffering hardship.导致,造成 (2)Her blindness of both eyes resulted from a traffic accident.由 …… 造成; 因 …… 而产生 34.run(run for,run after,run away,run into,run out,run out of,run over,run through) (1)He is running for governor.竞选 (2)If you run after two hares,you will catch neither.追赶 (3)She hit the child and ran away.走掉,跑掉 (4)I ran into an old friend last week.(=run across/come across)偶遇 (5)All our supply of food has run out.用完 (6)We ran out of coal,and had to burn wood.用完 (7)I ran over a rabbit this morning.(车辆或司机)撞倒并碾过 (8)Run through this article and tell me what you think of it.快速阅读 35.see(see to,see to it that,see through) (1)I ' ve got a lot of things to see to.处理 Who is to see to the organization of the next meeting?负责 Will you see to that customer,please?照顾 (2)Please see to it that the lights are turned off.(=make sure/ensure that)确保 (3)That overcoat should see me through the winter.(不用于进行时态)帮助 或支持某人度过(尤指困难时期) 36.set(set about doing=set out to do,set an example to,set aside,set off,set up,be set in) (1)We set about clearing(=set out to clear)up the mess.开始做或处理,着手 (2)He has set a good example to us.为 …… 树立榜样 (3)You ' d better set aside some money for special use.(为了某种目的)留 出,拨出,节省 Set aside my wishes in this matter.暂不考虑 (4)We will set off for Africa tomorrow.动身,出发 Polonium is used to set off a nuclear bomb.引爆 (5)Let ' s set up the tent first and build the fire later.建起,竖起 He set up a new record.创造 (6)The film was set in California in the middle of the nineteenth century.以 …… 为背景,故事发生在 …… 37.show(show interest in, show respect for, show off) (1)Mary showed great interest in the children.对 …… 表现出感兴趣 (2)Children should show respect for their teachers.尊敬 (3)Do stop showing off.炫耀 题组训练·在空白处填入适当的词   During the test, the students were allowed to refer 　to     their notebooks.   The government appointed an official to see 　to     the matter.   The project consists 　of     two parts.   Our desks and chairs are made 　of     wood.   The paper for books and newspapers is made 　from     wood.   He picked 　up     some French while he was in France.   Business is beginning to pick 　up     .   We put 　up     for the night at a farmhouse.   He set 　about     writing his report immediately. 38.stand(stand for,stand out,stand by) (1)The letters“UK”stand for“The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”.代表 (2) stand out显得突出,显眼,引人注目 ;stand by袖手旁观,支持,站在 …… 一边 39.take(take...by surprise,take up,take advantage of,take back,take over, take pride in,take the trouble to do sth.,take on,take a message,take part in, take care of,take notice of,take the place of) (1)He led the ships down the river to a place where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise.突然袭击 (2)I won ' t take up much of your time.占去(时间) The table takes up too much room.占据(空间) When he left school he took up journalism.开始从事 The teacher took up the lesson where he left off yesterday.继续讲述 (3)Jean took advantage of the lunch hour to finish her homework.利用 (4)I take back what I said.收回(说过的话) (5)He is taking over my job while I am on holiday.接替,接管 (6)He seemed to take great pride in his work.对 …… 感到骄傲 (7)She had taken the trouble to buy the books for me.不辞辛劳地做 (8)I ' ll take on the work,but I can ' t tell you exactly when I ' ll finish it.同意 负责 The Great Wall has taken on a new look since the liberation.呈现 Is the supermarket taking on more assistants?雇用 (9)I am sorry but he is not in. Can I take a message?传口信 (10)He is going to take part in this discussion.(=participate in)参加(活动) (11)My sister is taking care of the children while we ' re away.照顾 (12)Don ' t take any notice of what he says.注意,理会 (13)Nothing could take the place of the family he had lost.(=replace)代替 40.turn(turn down,turn in,turn out,turn over,turn up,turn to,turn on,turn away等) (1)He was poor but proud and turned down every offer of help.拒绝接受 (2)The campers usually turned in as soon as it got dark.上床睡觉 The teachers have to turn in the reports at the end of the school year.上交 (3)The examination turned out(to be) easy.结果是 (4)He ' ll turn the shop over to his son when he retires.把 …… 移交给(他人 管理) Please turn over this page.翻转 The car struck the wall and turned over.撞翻,翻倒 He turned over in bed.翻身,翻转 (5)The missing boy turned up.出现 (6)If you have some questions,you can turn to your teachers for help.求助 于 (7)Mozart ' s music always turns me on.使感兴趣 (8)She turned away in horror at the sight of so much blood.转身(不看) Because the hall was full,many people were turned away.撵走 (9)turn a blind eye to视而不见;turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻;turn against反 对,与 …… 为敌;turn back返回,折回,使往回走 41.benefit from/by,learn from,suffer from,date from (1)Thousands of millions of people benefit from/by the new policy.得益于 (2)We should learn from Lei Feng.向 …… 学习 (3)He usually suffers from headache.受 …… 之苦 (4)The old temple dates from the 14th century.追溯到 42.answer for,apply for,provide for,account for, send for,enter for,ex- change...for... (1)You will have to answer for your crimes one day.(=be responsible for or blamed for)对某事物负责,因某事物受责备 (2) apply for a job,post,passport,etc.申请 (3)She has to provide for her four children.供养 (4)His illness accounts for his absence.(=bring about/lead to/result in/give rise to)导致 (5)send for a doctor 请某人来(帮忙) (6)I ' ve entered for the high jump.报名参加(比赛等) (7)He exchanged the blue shirt for a red one. 把 …… 换成 …… 43.fit in,fit in with,lie in,succeed in (1)I ' ll try and fit you in after lunch.找到见某人或做某事的时间 (2)Do these plans fit in with your arrangements?与(某事物)相适应;与(某 人/某事物)相协调 (3)The value of life lies not in the length of days,but in the use we make of them.在于 (4)Scientists claim they have succeeded in finding a cure for cancer.成功 做某事 44.approve of,dream of,know of,consist of (1)I approve of your trying to earn some money.赞成;同意 (2)I dreamt of flying last night.梦见 (3)Do you know of any way to give up smoking?了解 (4)The committee consists of ten members.由 …… 组成 45.decide on,depend on,focus on,wait on,insist on,feed on,concentrate on (1)Have you decided on a date for the wedding?(经考虑后)决定 (2)I ' m depending on you coming.指望 (3)Please focus your mind on the following problem.将(注意力等)集中于 (某事物) (4)No one waits on me.照料或伺候某人(尤指进餐时) (5)She will insist on getting up early.坚持要做某事 (6)The cows were fed on hay in the barn.吃,以 …… 为食 (7)This firm concentrates on the European market.集中精力于,全神贯注 于 46.drop out,figure out,leave out,let out,point out,print out,rule out,start out, work out,wear out (1)She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later.中途退 学,辍学 (2) I ' ve never been able to figure him out.理解;弄明白 (3) Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?演算出,计算出 (4)This word is wrongly spelt;you ' ve left out a letter.漏掉,遗漏 (5)Let out a cry of surprise.发出(叫声等) (6)Please point out my mistake.指出,指明 (7)He wants me to print out the papers for him.(用机器)打印出 (8)That possibility can ' t be ruled out.把 …… 排除在外 (9)What time did you start out?出发,启程,动身 (10)Things worked out well.进展(顺利) (11)The past few days had really worn him out.使精疲力竭 47.think over,watch over (1)Please think over what I ' ve said.慎重思考(尤指做出决定之前) (2)Could you watch over my clothes while I am having a swim?照管 48.connect to,lead to,stick to,object to,listen to,adapt to,appeal to,belong to (1)Connect the fridge(up)to the power.把 …… 和 …… 接通 (2)Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.导致 (3)Stick to your principles.坚持,坚守 (4)I objected to being treated like this.反对 (5)He likes to listen to music.听 (6)Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.适应 (7)Do these paintings appeal to you?(= attract)吸引 The police appealed to the crowd not to panic.呼吁 (8)That book belongs to me.属于 49.build up,draw up,fill up,hang up,lift up,pack up,save up,speed up,stay up,live up to,team up with (1)Sports and games build up our bodies.增强 (2)The taxi drew up outside the house.(车辆等)停下来 (3)Fill up the tank.装满 (4)Don ' t hang up.挂断电话 (5)The boys lifted up their legs,indicating they wanted to climb in.抬起,举 起 (6)He packed up his things and left.整理,把 …… 打包 (7)I was looking for a temporary job so that I would save up to go travel- ling.储蓄,攒钱 (8)The train soon sped up.加速 (9)She promised the children they could stay up for their favourite TV pro- gramme.不睡觉,熬夜 (10)live up to his parents ' expectations不辜负(他人的期望) (11)You can team up with each other if you like.合作 50.deal with,meet with,stay with,live with (1)How would you deal with the problem?处理(问题或任务) (2)If you go to the party you might meet with someone you know.偶遇 (3)Please stay with me a moment longer.I ' m getting to the point of the sto- ry.继续留心听某人说话 (4)You ' ll have to learn to live with it,I ' m afraid.忍受,容忍 题组训练·用适当的介词或副词填空   It turned 　out     to be very successful.   My father approved 　of     my plan to study abroad.   If you had gone 　over     your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.   We didn ' t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked 　out  very well.   I ' m planning to hold a party in the open air,but I can make no guaran tees because it depends 　on     the weather.